CN112923660A - 一种具有2%/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置 - Google Patents

一种具有2%/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置 Download PDF

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CN112923660A
CN112923660A CN202110129151.7A CN202110129151A CN112923660A CN 112923660 A CN112923660 A CN 112923660A CN 202110129151 A CN202110129151 A CN 202110129151A CN 112923660 A CN112923660 A CN 112923660A
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oxygen
liquid oxygen
air separation
backup system
liquid
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王相平
宋石磊
钱金葵
秦建明
祁海鹏
李志强
文子强
许冬亮
贾东升
李征
夏勇
张建广
熊小强
王绍博
李兵
嵇余成
尼君
顾文鹏
郭保帅
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Huaneng Tianjin Coal Gasification Power Generation Co Ltd
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Huaneng Tianjin Coal Gasification Power Generation Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04539—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels
    • F25J3/04545—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels for the gasification of solid or heavy liquid fuels, e.g. integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04824—Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming; Back-up procedures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/0483—Rapid load change of the air fractionation unit
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置，空分装置产液氧储存至液氧储槽，电网给指令IGCC机组按2％/min的速度升负荷时，空分装置以1％/min的速度升负荷。后备系统液氧泵启动，从液氧储槽抽液氧加压，在液氧水浴汽化器中汽化成氧气，和空分装置所产的氧气一起汇入空分氧气送出管道送至气化炉，补充另外1％/min的速度。液氧泵恒流量运行，最高峰所需汽化氧气量以外的液氧从液氧泵后回流至液氧储槽，所需液氧经水浴汽化后送出。空分氧气产量能满足气化需求后，后备系统氧气退出，液氧泵停备。本发明后备系统具有快速调节氧气送出能力，将空分装置变负荷能力由1％/min提高到2％/min的流程，以满足IGCC机组2％/min的变负荷能力来适应电网调度的要求。

Description

一种具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置
技术领域
本发明涉及空分装置技术领域，尤其涉及一种具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置。
背景技术
IGCC电站，即整体煤气化联合循环发电系统，是将煤气化技术和高效的联合循环相结合的先进动力系统。利用深冷空分装置产出的纯氧和煤粉在气化炉内进行不完全燃烧反应生成合成气，合成气经过净化后作为燃料气在燃气轮机中燃烧做功驱动发电机，燃烧后高温的气体进入余热锅炉给水加热产生蒸汽在蒸汽轮机中做功驱动发电机。
空分装置将空气压缩、净化后，进入冷箱降温液化，利用空气中氧氮沸点的不同在精馏塔内进行精馏分离出氧气和氮气。空分装置主要由空压机系统、预冷系统、纯化系统、增压机系统、膨胀机系统、精馏系统、氮压机系统、后备系统组成。后备系统主要有液氧储槽、液氮储槽、液氩储槽，用于低温液体的贮存。
空分装置变负荷速度是1％/min，变负荷时压缩机、精馏塔等设备要同时进行调整。精馏塔正常工作时对气量和气速有一定的要求，一旦气量或气速变化较大，将会导致精馏塔不能正常工作，轻则分离不彻底影响产品纯度，重则发生液漏液悬现象空分装置不能正常生产。受压缩机和精馏塔的限制空分装置变负荷范围是75-100％。空分装置只具备1％/min变负荷能力，不具备2％/min快速变负荷能力，对于IGCC电站所配套空分装置来说，因为空分装置变负荷能力只有1％/min，影响IGCC电站整套装置2％/min的变负荷要求，影响电网对发电机组的调度。
空分装置变负荷能力为1％/min，和IGCC机组2％/min的变负荷要求还差1％/min。IGCC机组按2％/min进行变负荷，从75％负荷升至100％负荷需要12.5分钟，空分装置从75％负荷升至100％负荷需要25分钟。在升负荷过程中，由于空分装置变负荷速度慢，有一定的氧气缺口。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术中的上述缺陷或不足，期望提供一种具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置，包括以下步骤：其中，
步骤一：空分装置产生液氧储存至后备系统的液氧储槽；
步骤二：空分装置产生的氧气气体通过第一管道运输至气化炉；
步骤三：液氧泵启动，所述液氧储槽中的液氧经所述液氧泵加压，运输至液氧水浴汽化器；
步骤四：液氧在液氧水浴汽化器中汽化为氧气；
步骤五：所述液氧水浴汽化器产生的氧气气体通过第二管道运输至气化炉。
优选的，所述液氧泵在最大氧气缺口流量下恒流量工作，其余回流至液氧储槽。
优选的，在升负荷过程中，由于空分装置变负荷速度慢，有一定的氧气缺口由后备系统提供，在机组从75％升负荷至100％需要12.5分钟，空分装置升负荷时间需要25分钟，同时后备系统工作25分钟，后备系统在第12.5分钟送出量最大，第0分钟和第25分钟送出量最小为0。
相对于现有技术而言，本发明的有益效果是在现有空分装置的基础上，利用后备系统储槽液氧，在升负荷过程时将储存的液氧加压汽化送出，补充空分装置在升负荷中缺口的氧气量，将空分装置变负荷能力由1％/min提高到2％/min的流程，以满足IGCC机组2％/min的变负荷能力来适应电网调度的要求。
应当理解，发明内容部分中所描述的内容并非旨在限定本发明的实施例的关键或重要特征，亦非用于限制本发明的范围。本发明的其它特征将通过以下的描述变得容易理解。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置的步骤图；
图2为具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置的流程图；
图3为升负荷过程氧气曲线。
图中标号：S11～S15：步骤。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明，而非对该发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与发明相关的部分。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
请参考图1-3，本发明的实施例提供了一种具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置，包括以下步骤：其中，
步骤一：空分装置产生液氧储存至后备系统的液氧储槽；
步骤二：空分装置产生的氧气气体通过第一管道运输至气化炉；
步骤三：液氧泵启动，所述液氧储槽中的液氧经所述液氧泵加压，运输至液氧水浴汽化器；
步骤四：液氧在液氧水浴汽化器中汽化为氧气；
步骤五：所述液氧水浴汽化器产生的氧气气体通过第二管道运输至气化炉。
在本实施例中，本申请的一种具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置。空分装置主要由空压机系统、预冷系统、纯化系统、增压机系统、膨胀机系统、精馏系统、氮压机系统、后备系统组成。后备系统主要有液氧储槽、液氮储槽、液氩储槽，用于低温液体的贮存。空分装置将将空气压缩、净化后，进入冷箱进行降温液化，利用空气中氧氮沸点的不同在精馏塔内进行精馏分离出氧气和氮气，副产液氧储存在液氧储槽中。当电网给指令IGCC机组按2％/min的速度升负荷时，后备系统液氧泵启动，液氧泵从液氧储槽中抽液氧加压，经过加压后的液氧通过液氧水浴汽化器汽化成氧气，和空分装置产生的氧气一起汇入空分氧气送出管道送至气化炉。
在一优选实施例中，如图1-2所示，液氧泵在最大氧气缺口流量下恒流量工作，其余回流至液氧储槽。
在一优选实施例中，如图3所示，在升负荷过程中的某一时刻，上方斜线所对应的氧气量即机组2％变负荷需要的氧气增量，减去下方斜线所对应的氧气量即空分1％变负荷供给的氧气增量，差值为后备系统后备系统提供的氧气量，在机组从75％升负荷至100％需要12.5分钟，空分装置升负荷时间需要25分钟，同时后备系统工作25分钟，后备系统在第12.5分钟送出量最大，第0分钟和第25分钟送出量最小为0。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“连接”、“安装”、“固定”等均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或实例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：其中，
步骤一：空分装置产生液氧储存至后备系统的液氧储槽；
步骤二：空分装置产生的氧气气体通过第一管道运输至气化炉；
步骤三：液氧泵启动，所述液氧储槽中的液氧经所述液氧泵加压，运输至液氧水浴汽化器；
步骤四：液氧在液氧水浴汽化器中汽化为氧气；
步骤五：所述液氧水浴汽化器产生的氧气气体通过第二管道运输至气化炉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置，其特征在于，所述液氧泵在最大氧气缺口流量下恒流量工作，其余回流至液氧储槽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具有2％/min变负荷能力空分装置的后备系统流程设置，其特征在于，在升负荷过程中，由于空分装置变负荷速度慢，有一定的氧气缺口由后备系统提供，在机组从75％升负荷至100％需要12.5分钟，空分装置升负荷时间需要25分钟，同时后备系统工作25分钟，后备系统在第12.5分钟送出量最大，第0分钟和第25分钟送出量最小为0。
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