CN112923377A - Process method and process device for cooperatively treating hazardous waste by burning in rotary kiln and reducing and smelting in side-blown furnace - Google Patents
Process method and process device for cooperatively treating hazardous waste by burning in rotary kiln and reducing and smelting in side-blown furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN112923377A CN112923377A CN202110378507.0A CN202110378507A CN112923377A CN 112923377 A CN112923377 A CN 112923377A CN 202110378507 A CN202110378507 A CN 202110378507A CN 112923377 A CN112923377 A CN 112923377A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a process method for cooperatively treating hazardous waste by rotary kiln incineration and oxygen-enriched side-blown reduction smelting, which comprises the following steps of firstly, feeding the hazardous waste into a rotary kiln for incineration to obtain rotary kiln incineration hot slag; and then feeding the rotary kiln incineration hot slag obtained in the step, a reducing agent and a fusing agent into a side-blowing furnace for reduction smelting to obtain the matte alloy and solid waste. The invention provides a process method for treating hazardous waste by using rotary kiln incineration and side blown furnace reduction smelting in a synergistic manner and a corresponding process device, which realize resource recycling of waste treated by hazardous waste and reduction and harmlessness of waste discharge, have the advantages of investment saving, energy saving, consumption reduction, low operation cost, easiness in popularization and the like, and are reduction, harmlessness and resource recycling in a real sense.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste treatment and disposal, relates to a process method for treating hazardous waste by incineration and a process device thereof, and particularly relates to a process method for treating hazardous waste by combining rotary kiln incineration and side-blown furnace reduction smelting and a process device thereof.
Background
With the development of industry, the discharge of dangerous waste in industrial production process is increasing. It is estimated that the worldwide annual production of hazardous waste is 3.3 million tons. In many developed countries, the public is very sensitive to hazardous waste problems due to the serious pollution and potentially serious effects that hazardous waste brings. The hazardous waste is classified as hazardous waste according to the regulations of the national common State of the people's republic of China solid waste environmental protection and control Law, and the hazardous waste refers to the solid waste with hazardous characteristics listed in the national hazardous waste list or identified according to the hazardous waste identification standard and identification method specified by the country. According to the definition of the national hazardous waste list, the hazardous waste is as follows:
solid waste (including liquid waste) having one of the following conditions, included in the list: one or more dangerous characteristics such as corrosivity, toxicity, flammability, reactivity or infectivity; and (II) the hazardous characteristic is not excluded, the harmful influence on the environment or the human health is possibly caused, and the management is required according to the hazardous waste.
Hazardous waste has many hazards: (1) destroying the ecological environment. The hazardous waste which is randomly discharged and stored can pollute water and soil under the long-term permeation and diffusion effects of rainwater and groundwater, and the environmental function level of the region is reduced; (2) affecting human health. Hazardous waste causes toxicity through ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption and eye contact, or causes dangerous events such as burning, explosion and the like; long-term hazards include long-term poisoning, carcinogenesis, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, etc. resulting from repeated exposure; (3) restricting sustainable development. The pollution of atmosphere, water source, soil and the like caused by the non-treatment or non-standard treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes can become a bottleneck for restricting economic activities.
The most widely applied process technology for treating hazardous waste at present is a rotary kiln incineration method, namely, a rotary kiln incinerator is adopted to incinerate the hazardous waste at the temperature of 850-950 ℃, the produced incineration slag is still hazardous waste and needs to be buried, the produced flue gas enters a secondary combustion chamber, and then is sprayed with fuel to be combusted, so that the temperature is raised to be more than 1100 ℃, harmful components such as dioxin in the flue gas are decomposed, harmless emission is achieved, and the reduction of the hazardous waste and the harmlessness of waste gas emission are basically achieved. In recent years, due to continuous progress of technology, a plasma furnace is adopted to treat hazardous waste (for example, a hazardous waste plasma treatment method disclosed in CN109945209, although reduction and harmlessness of hazardous waste are achieved, the problems of low resource recycling rate of hazardous waste, large investment, short service life of furnace, low operation rate and the like still exist.
Therefore, how to find a more suitable hazardous waste treatment method and means, which is easier for industrial implementation, and solve the above problems in the prior art has become one of the problems to be solved by many research-type manufacturing enterprises in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a process method for incinerating hazardous wastes and a process apparatus thereof, and particularly to a process method for treating hazardous wastes by using rotary kiln incineration and side blown furnace reduction smelting in a synergistic manner. The invention integrates the rotary kiln incineration process and the side-blown furnace reduction smelting process, realizes the resource recycling of the waste of the hazardous waste disposal and the reduction and harmlessness of the waste discharge, has the advantages of investment saving, energy saving, consumption reduction, low operation cost, easy popularization and the like, and is the reduction, harmlessness and resource recycling in the true sense.
The invention provides a process method for incinerating hazardous waste, which comprises the following steps:
1) sending the hazardous waste into a rotary kiln for incineration to obtain rotary kiln incineration hot slag;
2) and (3) feeding the rotary kiln incineration hot slag obtained in the step (A), reducing agent and flux into a side-blowing furnace, and carrying out reduction smelting to obtain matte alloy and solid waste.
Preferably, the burning time is 0.5 h-3.0 h;
the burning temperature is 800-1050 ℃;
the hazardous waste comprises one or more of HW03 waste medicines and/or medicines, HW06 waste organic solvents and organic solvent-containing wastes, HW11 refined (distilled) residues, HW12 dye and coating wastes, HW13 organic resin wastes, HW37 organic phosphorus compound wastes, HW39 phenolic wastes, HW40 ether-containing wastes, HW02 medical wastes, HW04 pesticide wastes, HW18 incineration disposal residues, HW17 surface treatment wastes, HW22 copper-containing wastes, HW46 nickel-containing wastes, HW50 waste catalysts and HW49 other wastes.
Preferably, the reducing agent comprises one or more of coke, coal, carbon powder, semi coke, waste activated carbon and natural gas;
the flux comprises one or more of quartz stone, hematite slag and limestone;
the reducing agent accounts for 3-30% of the mass ratio of the rotary kiln incineration hot slag;
the mass ratio of the flux to the incineration hot slag of the rotary kiln is 6-35%.
Preferably, the reduction smelting comprises reduction smelting under the condition of blowing oxygen-enriched air or fuel;
the fuel comprises one or more of coke, coal, carbon powder, waste activated carbon, waste oil and natural gas;
the temperature of the reduction smelting is 1100-1300 ℃;
the time of reduction smelting is 1-3 h.
Preferably, the side-blown converter comprises an oxygen-enriched side-blown reduction smelting furnace;
the process method is a process method for treating hazardous wastes by the cooperation of rotary kiln incineration and side-blown furnace reduction smelting;
the matte alloy also comprises black copper;
the solid waste is molten glass-state harmless slag.
Preferably, the rotary kiln incineration hot slag comprises rotary kiln incineration slag and ash slag after combustion in a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln;
the matte alloy is a material sinking to the bottom of a side-blown converter molten pool;
the molten glass-state harmless slag is slag generated by slagging reaction in the reduction smelting process;
and discharging the molten glass-state harmless slag by water quenching.
Preferably, the flue gas generated by the side-blown converter is firstly sent into a rotary kiln slag incineration discharge hole, and then is mixed with the incineration flue gas of the rotary kiln, so that the obtained mixed flue gas is sent into an incineration secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln;
the temperature of flue gas generated by the side-blown converter is 1150-1350 ℃;
the temperature of the mixed flue gas is more than or equal to 1100 ℃.
The invention provides a process device for incinerating and treating hazardous waste, which comprises a rotary kiln and a side-blown furnace;
and an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln is connected with a feed opening of the side-blown converter.
Preferably, the hearth area of the side-blown converter is 1.2-8.0 m2；
And a smoke outlet of the side-blown converter is communicated with an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln.
Preferably, a flue gas outlet of the side-blown converter is communicated with a second combustion chamber of the rotary kiln after passing through an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln;
the incineration flue gas of the rotary kiln enters a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln through an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln;
and an ash residue outlet of a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln is connected with a feed inlet of the side-blown converter.
The invention provides a process method for incinerating and treating hazardous waste, which comprises the following steps of firstly, feeding the hazardous waste into a rotary kiln for incineration to obtain rotary kiln incineration hot slag; and then feeding the rotary kiln incineration hot slag obtained in the step, a reducing agent and a fusing agent into a side-blowing furnace for reduction smelting to obtain the matte alloy and solid waste. Compared with the prior art, the invention aims at the existing hazardous waste treatment process technology, the produced incineration slag is still hazardous waste and needs to be buried, and the plasma treatment method still has the problems of low resource recycling rate of the hazardous waste, large investment, short service life of the furnace, low operation rate and the like. Although a side-blown converter is adopted to treat hazardous waste, the problems of high investment, low energy utilization rate, high energy consumption, high operation cost, difficult popularization and the like are still obvious.
The invention creatively integrates the rotary kiln incineration process and the side-blown furnace reduction smelting process to obtain the process method for treating the hazardous waste by the cooperation of the rotary kiln incineration and the side-blown furnace reduction smelting and the corresponding process device. The tail end of the rotary kiln is provided with a small-sized side-blown converter, the small-sized side-blown converter directly receives hot slag burned by the rotary kiln, then a reducing agent and a flux are added, oxygen-enriched air or fuel is blown, reduction smelting is carried out at the high temperature of 1100-1300 ℃, valuable metals such as copper, nickel and the like are reduced into a metal state, the metal state is sunk to the bottom of a molten pool of the side-blown converter, the discharge is carried out periodically, matte products are produced, and the valuable metals are recycled; other substances are subjected to slagging reaction under the action of the added flux to form molten glass-state harmless slag, and the molten glass-state harmless slag is discharged by water quenching and is used for building materials or paving base materials, and waste slag is recycled; the smoke of the side-blown furnace is discharged from a rotary kiln slag incineration discharge hole, is merged into the rotary kiln incineration smoke and enters a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln incineration, the temperature of the smoke of the side-blown furnace is up to 1150-1350 ℃, the temperature of the smoke reaches over 1100 ℃ after the smoke of the rotary kiln is merged, the condition of complete decomposition of harmful components such as dioxin is met, secondary combustion of the secondary combustion chamber is avoided, oxygen-enriched smelting is adopted by the side-blown furnace, the smoke is reduced in multiples, and the total emission amount of waste gas is greatly reduced; and the flue gas of the side-blown converter is discharged from a feed opening of the rotary kiln, so that the temperature of the discharge end of the rotary kiln is greatly improved, the problem of slag bonding at the discharge end of the rotary kiln is effectively solved, and the operation rate of the rotary kiln is greatly improved.
The invention adopts the rotary kiln incineration and the side-blown converter reduction smelting to cooperatively treat the hazardous waste, and the incineration slag hot material is directly added into the side-blown converter; the flue gas of the side-blown furnace is discharged from the discharging end of the rotary kiln, and the high-temperature flue gas can effectively solve the problem of slag formation at the tail end of the rotary kiln, improve the working condition of the rotary kiln and improve the operation rate; the high-temperature flue gas of the side-blown converter is merged into the low-temperature flue gas of the rotary kiln, the temperature of the merged flue gas is over 1100 ℃, the complete decomposition of harmful components in the flue gas is accelerated, and secondary combustion in a secondary combustion chamber is avoided; the flux is added, so that the microstructure of the slag is in a glass state and becomes harmless slag, the slag does not need to be buried, and the slag can be applied to the building material industry; specific fuel, reducing agent and the like are added, and the non-combustible dangerous waste and cold materials can be treated while the side-blown furnace is used for treating the burning hot slag of the rotary kiln. The invention realizes the resource recycling of the waste of the hazardous waste disposal and the reduction and harmlessness of the waste discharge, has the advantages of investment saving, energy saving, consumption reduction, low operation cost, easy popularization and the like, and is the reduction, harmlessness and resource recycling in the true sense.
Experimental results show that the method adopts the rotary kiln incineration and the side-blown converter reduction smelting to cooperatively treat the hazardous waste, can reasonably treat the hazardous waste, is environment-friendly and reaches the standard, is feasible in process practice, and develops a new direction for hazardous waste treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a production process flow for treating hazardous wastes by combining rotary kiln incineration and side-blown converter reduction smelting.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
All the raw materials of the invention are not particularly limited in purity, and the invention preferably adopts the conventional purity used in the field of industrial purity or hazardous waste treatment.
The invention provides a process method for incinerating hazardous waste, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sending the hazardous waste into a rotary kiln for incineration to obtain rotary kiln incineration hot slag;
2) and (3) feeding the rotary kiln incineration hot slag obtained in the step (A), reducing agent and flux into a side-blowing furnace, and carrying out reduction smelting to obtain matte alloy and solid waste.
The method comprises the steps of firstly feeding the hazardous waste into a rotary kiln for incineration to obtain the rotary kiln incineration hot slag.
In the present invention, the hazardous waste preferably includes HW03 waste drugs and/or medicines, HW06 waste organic solvents and organic solvent containing wastes, HW11 distillation residues, HW12 dye and paint wastes, HW13 organic resin wastes, HW37 organic phosphorus compound wastes, HW39 phenol containing wastes, HW40 ether containing wastes, HW02 medical wastes, HW04 pesticide wastes, HW18 incineration residues, HW17 surface treatment wastes, HW22 copper containing wastes, HW22 nickel containing wastes, HW22 waste catalysts and one or more of HW22 other wastes, more preferably HW22 waste drugs and/or medicines, HW22 waste organic solvents and organic solvent containing wastes, HW22 distillation residues, 22 dye and organic phosphorus paint wastes, 22 organic resin wastes, 22 copper containing HW22 chemical compound wastes, 22 HW22 phenol containing wastes, HW22 ether containing wastes, HW22 waste 22 pesticide waste, HW22 waste, waste 22 waste after incineration residues, waste 22 waste, HW46 nickel containing waste, HW50 spent catalyst, or HW49 other waste.
In the invention, the incineration time is preferably 0.5 to 3.0 hours, more preferably 1.0 to 2.5 hours, and more preferably 1.5 to 2.0 hours.
In the invention, the incineration temperature is preferably 800-1050 ℃, more preferably 850-1000 ℃, and more preferably 900-950 ℃.
In the invention, the rotary kiln incineration hot slag preferably comprises incineration slag of a rotary kiln and ash slag after combustion in a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln.
The invention then sends the rotary kiln incineration hot slag obtained in the step above, a reducing agent and a fusing agent into a side-blowing furnace for reduction smelting to obtain the matte alloy and solid waste.
In the present invention, the reducing agent preferably includes one or more of coke, coal, carbon, semi coke, waste activated carbon, and natural gas, and more preferably coke, coal, carbon, semi coke, waste activated carbon, or natural gas.
In the present invention, the flux preferably includes one or more of quartz stone, hematite slag, and limestone, and more preferably quartz stone, hematite slag, or limestone.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the reducing agent to the rotary kiln burned hot slag is preferably 3-30%, and more preferably 8-15%.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the flux to the rotary kiln burned hot slag is preferably 6-35%, and more preferably 11-20%.
In the present invention, the reduction smelting preferably includes reduction smelting under the condition that oxygen-enriched air or fuel is blown. Specifically, the side-blown converter preferably comprises an oxygen-enriched side-blown reduction smelting furnace.
In the present invention, the fuel preferably includes one or more of coke, coal, carbon, waste activated carbon, waste oil, and natural gas, and more preferably coke, coal, carbon, waste activated carbon, waste oil, or natural gas.
In the invention, the temperature of the reduction smelting is preferably 1100-1300 ℃.
In the invention, the time for the reduction smelting is preferably 1-3 h, and more preferably 1.5-2.0 h.
In the invention, the matte alloy is specifically a material sinking to the bottom of a side-blown converter molten pool. Wherein, the matte alloy preferably also comprises black copper.
In the present invention, the solid waste is preferably molten glassy harmless slag. Specifically, the molten glass-state harmless slag is preferably slag generated by slagging reaction in the reduction smelting process. Furthermore, the molten glassy harmless slag is preferably discharged by water quenching.
In the invention, particularly, the flue gas generated by the side-blown converter is preferably firstly sent into a rotary kiln slag incineration discharge port, and then is mixed with the incineration flue gas of the rotary kiln, so that the obtained mixed flue gas is sent into an incineration secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln together.
In the invention, the temperature of the flue gas generated by the side-blown converter is preferably 1150-1350 ℃.
In the present invention, the temperature of the mixed flue gas is preferably 1100 ℃ or higher.
In the invention, the process method is a process method for treating hazardous wastes by the cooperation of rotary kiln incineration and side-blown furnace reduction smelting.
The invention is a complete and refined integral process method, better ensures the treatment effect of hazardous waste, and the following reaction processes are preferably mainly generated in the reduction smelting process of the side-blown converter:
combustion reaction of fuel:
2C+O2＝2CO↑
2CO+O2＝2CO2↑
2H2+O2＝2H2O
CH4+2O＝2H2O+CO2↑
reduction reaction:
CO2+C＝2CO↑
MO+CO＝M+CO2↑
MO+C＝M+CO↑
thirdly, slagging reaction:
Fe2O3+CO＝2FeO+CO2↑
SiO2+2FeO＝2FeO·SiO2
SiO2+CaO＝CaO·SiO2
2MgO+SiO2＝2MgO·SiO2
Al2O3+SiO2＝Al2O3·SiO2。
referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a production process flow for treating hazardous wastes by combining rotary kiln incineration and side-blown converter reduction smelting.
The invention also provides a process device for incinerating and treating the hazardous waste, which comprises a rotary kiln and a side-blown furnace;
and an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln is connected with a feed opening of the side-blown converter.
In the invention, the ash outlet of the second combustion chamber of the rotary kiln is preferably connected with the feeding hole of the side-blown converter.
In the invention, the hearth area of the side-blown converter is preferably 1.2-8.0 m2More preferably 1.5 to 5.0m2。
In the invention, the incineration flue gas outlet of the rotary kiln is preferably communicated with a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln.
In the invention, the flue gas outlet of the side-blown converter is preferably communicated with the incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln. Furthermore, the flue gas outlet of the side-blown converter is preferably communicated with a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln after passing through an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln. Furthermore, the incineration flue gas of the rotary kiln passes through an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln and enters a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln. The burning smoke of the rotary kiln is firstly mixed with the side-blown furnace smoke passing through a burning slag feed opening of the rotary kiln to heat up, and simultaneously enters a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln. In the invention, the incineration residue discharge port of the rotary kiln is a tail end discharge port of the rotary kiln, the incineration residue of the rotary kiln enters the side-blown furnace, and the incineration flue gas of the rotary kiln is mixed with the combustion flue gas of the side-blown furnace and then enters the secondary combustion chamber. Namely, the incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln is simultaneously communicated with the inlet of the second combustion chamber and the inlet of the side-blown converter, the solid phase enters the side-blown converter, and the gas phase enters the second combustion chamber.
The invention provides a process method and a process device for treating hazardous waste by combining rotary kiln incineration and side blown furnace reduction smelting. The invention integrates the rotary kiln incineration process and the side-blown furnace reduction smelting process, a small side-blown furnace is arranged at the tail end of the rotary kiln, directly receives the rotary kiln to incinerate hot slag, then a reducing agent and a fusing agent are added, oxygen-enriched air or fuel is blown in, reduction smelting is carried out at the high temperature of 1100-1300 ℃, valuable metals such as copper, nickel and the like are reduced into a metal state, and the metal state is sunk to the bottom of a side-blown furnace molten pool and is periodically discharged to produce matte products, and the valuable metals are recycled; other substances are subjected to slagging reaction under the action of the added flux to form molten glass-state harmless slag, and the molten glass-state harmless slag is discharged by water quenching and is used for building materials or paving base materials, and waste slag is recycled; the smoke of the side-blown furnace is discharged from a rotary kiln slag incineration discharge hole, is merged into the rotary kiln incineration smoke and enters a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln incineration, the temperature of the smoke of the side-blown furnace is up to 1150-1350 ℃, the temperature of the smoke reaches over 1100 ℃ after the smoke of the rotary kiln is merged, the condition of complete decomposition of harmful components such as dioxin is met, secondary combustion of the secondary combustion chamber is avoided, oxygen-enriched smelting is adopted by the side-blown furnace, the smoke is reduced in multiples, and the total emission amount of waste gas is greatly reduced; and the flue gas of the side-blown converter is discharged from a feed opening of the rotary kiln, so that the temperature of the discharge end of the rotary kiln is greatly improved, the problem of slag bonding at the discharge end of the rotary kiln is effectively solved, and the operation rate of the rotary kiln is greatly improved.
The invention adopts the rotary kiln incineration and the side-blown converter reduction smelting to cooperatively treat the hazardous waste, and the incineration slag hot material is directly added into the side-blown converter; the flue gas of the side-blown furnace is discharged from the discharging end of the rotary kiln, and the high-temperature flue gas can effectively solve the problem of slag formation at the tail end of the rotary kiln, improve the working condition of the rotary kiln and improve the operation rate; the high-temperature flue gas of the side-blown converter is merged into the low-temperature flue gas of the rotary kiln, the temperature of the merged flue gas is over 1100 ℃, the complete decomposition of harmful components in the flue gas is accelerated, and secondary combustion in a secondary combustion chamber is avoided; the flux is added, so that the microstructure of the slag is in a glass state and becomes harmless slag, the slag does not need to be buried, and the slag can be applied to the building material industry; specific fuel, reducing agent and the like are added, and the non-combustible dangerous waste and cold materials can be treated while the side-blown furnace is used for treating the burning hot slag of the rotary kiln. The invention realizes the resource recycling of the waste of the hazardous waste disposal and the reduction and harmlessness of the waste discharge, has the advantages of investment saving, energy saving, consumption reduction, low operation cost, easy popularization and the like, and is the reduction, harmlessness and resource recycling in the true sense.
Experimental results show that the method adopts the rotary kiln incineration and the side-blown converter reduction smelting to cooperatively treat the hazardous waste, can reasonably treat the hazardous waste, is environment-friendly and reaches the standard, is feasible in process practice, and develops a new direction for hazardous waste treatment.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following detailed description of the process and apparatus for incinerating hazardous waste provided by the present invention is provided in conjunction with the following examples, but it should be understood that these examples are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, only for further illustration of the features and advantages of the present invention, and not for limitation of the claims of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples
Verification of actual production
In the center for processing waste of ships and boats in the same environment-friendly technology in Yangtze river, tunnel, county and county, the annual processing amount is 4 ten thousand tons, including 0.2 thousand tons of HW03 (waste drugs), 0.1 thousand tons of HW04 (pesticide waste), 0.5 thousand tons of HW06 (waste organic solvents and organic flux-containing waste), 0.5 thousand tons of HW11 (distillation residue), 0.7 thousand tons of HW12 (dye and paint waste), 0.1 thousand tons of HW13 (organic resin waste), 0.7 thousand tons of HW18 (incineration residue waste), 0.1 thousand tons of HW37 (organic phosphorus compound waste), 0.03 thousand tons of HW39 (phenol-containing waste), 0.02 tons of 40 (ether-containing waste), and 1.0 thousand tons of HW49 (other HW waste).
Firstly, the dangerous waste is sent into a rotary kiln to be burnt to obtain the rotary kiln burnt hot slag. The burning time is controlled to be 1.5 h-2.0 h, and the burning temperature is controlled to be 850-950 ℃.
And then sending the incineration slag of the rotary kiln and ash residue, reducing agent and fusing agent which are combusted in a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln into an oxygen-enriched side-blown reduction smelting furnace for reduction smelting, and carrying out reduction smelting under the condition of blowing oxygen-enriched air or fuel to obtain matte alloy and molten glass state harmless slag, wherein the matte alloy adopts a copper-clad cast form to be a matte alloy ingot product, and the molten glass state harmless slag is discharged through water quenching.
Wherein the reducing agent accounts for 5-12% of the mass ratio of the hot slag burned in the rotary kiln, and the flux accounts for 8-15% of the mass ratio of the hot slag burned in the rotary kiln. The reducing agent comprises coke, coal, carbon powder, semi coke, waste activated carbon and natural gas; the flux comprises quartz, hematite slag and limestone; fuels include coke, coal, carbon dioxide, spent activated carbon, waste oil, and natural gas.
Controlling the temperature of reduction smelting to be 1100-1300 ℃; the time of reduction smelting is 1.5-2.0 h.
The actual plant operation test provided by the embodiment of the invention is counted and detected.
The invention can produce 1132t/a matte alloy and 15221t/a harmless slag every year and sell the matte alloy and the harmless slag to cement plants.
Matte alloys and harmless slag components were tested as shown in the following table:
referring to Table 1, Table 1 shows the composition of matte alloy and slag produced in the examples of the present invention.
TABLE 1
| Composition (I) | Cu | Ni | S | As | Pb | Cd | Hg | Cr | Zn |
| Matte alloy | 30.51 | 17.95 | 1.56 | 0.00079 | 0.032 | 0.0013 | 0.0000004 | 0.005 | 0.038 |
| Harmless slag | 0.57 | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.0007 | 0.019 | 0.00007 | 0.0000002 | 0.017 | 0.27 |
The present invention provides a process and apparatus for the co-treatment of hazardous waste by rotary kiln incineration and side blown converter reduction smelting, and the principles and embodiments of the present invention are described herein using specific examples, which are intended to facilitate an understanding of the method and its core concepts, including the best mode, and to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any combination thereof. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A process method for incinerating hazardous waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sending the hazardous waste into a rotary kiln for incineration to obtain rotary kiln incineration hot slag;
2) and (3) feeding the rotary kiln incineration hot slag obtained in the step (A), reducing agent and flux into a side-blowing furnace, and carrying out reduction smelting to obtain matte alloy and solid waste.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the incineration time is between 0.5 and 3.0 hours;
the burning temperature is 800-1050 ℃;
the hazardous waste comprises one or more of HW03 waste medicines and/or medicines, HW06 waste organic solvents and organic solvent-containing wastes, HW11 refined (distilled) residues, HW12 dye and coating wastes, HW13 organic resin wastes, HW37 organic phosphorus compound wastes, HW39 phenolic wastes, HW40 ether-containing wastes, HW02 medical wastes, HW04 pesticide wastes, HW18 incineration disposal residues, HW17 surface treatment wastes, HW22 copper-containing wastes, HW46 nickel-containing wastes, HW50 waste catalysts and HW49 other wastes.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the reducing agent comprises one or more of coke, coal, carbon, semi coke, spent activated carbon, and natural gas;
the flux comprises one or more of quartz stone, hematite slag and limestone;
the reducing agent accounts for 3-30% of the mass ratio of the rotary kiln incineration hot slag;
the mass ratio of the flux to the incineration hot slag of the rotary kiln is 6-35%.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the reduction smelting comprises reduction smelting with oxygen-enriched air or fuel being bubbled;
the fuel comprises one or more of coke, coal, carbon powder, waste activated carbon, waste oil and natural gas;
the temperature of the reduction smelting is 1100-1300 ℃;
the time of reduction smelting is 1-3 h.
5. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the side-blown converter comprises an oxygen-enriched side-blown reduction smelting furnace;
the process method is a process method for treating hazardous wastes by the cooperation of rotary kiln incineration and side-blown furnace reduction smelting;
the matte alloy also comprises black copper;
the solid waste is molten glass-state harmless slag.
6. The process method according to claim 5, wherein the rotary kiln incineration hot slag comprises rotary kiln incineration slag and rotary kiln secondary combustion chamber burned ash;
the matte alloy is a material sinking to the bottom of a side-blown converter molten pool;
the molten glass-state harmless slag is slag generated by slagging reaction in the reduction smelting process;
and discharging the molten glass-state harmless slag by water quenching.
7. The process method according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas generated by the side-blown converter is firstly fed into a rotary kiln slag incineration discharge port, and then is mixed with the rotary kiln incineration flue gas to obtain mixed flue gas which is fed into a secondary incineration combustion chamber of the rotary kiln;
the temperature of flue gas generated by the side-blown converter is 1150-1350 ℃;
the temperature of the mixed flue gas is more than or equal to 1100 ℃.
8. A process unit for burning treatment of hazardous waste is characterized by comprising a rotary kiln and a side-blown furnace;
and an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln is connected with a feed opening of the side-blown converter.
9. The process unit according to claim 8, wherein the hearth area of the side-blown converter is 1.2 to 8.0m2；
And a smoke outlet of the side-blown converter is communicated with an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln.
10. The process device of claim 9, wherein a flue gas outlet of the side-blown converter is communicated with a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln after passing through an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln;
the incineration flue gas of the rotary kiln enters a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln through an incineration residue feed opening of the rotary kiln;
and an ash residue outlet of a secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln is connected with a feed inlet of the side-blown converter.
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| CN115289478A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-11-04 | 甘肃高能中色环保科技有限公司 | Low-cost processing system of solid useless raw materials of nickel trade |
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