CN112914132B

CN112914132B - Physical walnut green husk ripening device and method

Info

Publication number: CN112914132B
Application number: CN201911246356.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢马宁; 尹芳; 杨映礼; 王翠仙; 许新辉; 王娟; 张薇
Original assignee: Forestry And Grassland Bureau Of Yangbi Yi Autonomous County; Yunnan Normal University
Current assignee: Forestry And Grassland Bureau Of Yangbi Yi Autonomous County; Yunnan Normal University
Priority date: 2019-12-08
Filing date: 2019-12-08
Publication date: 2023-04-11
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-08
Also published as: CN112914132A

Abstract

The invention discloses a walnut green husk ripening device, and belongs to the technical field of walnut primary processing equipment. The device mainly comprises heating equipment and a heat preservation tent. The heating device of the device heats and preserves heat in the tent through the heating pipe, so that the temperature and the humidity in the tent are constantly maintained at about 40H, and the ripening process of the walnut green husk can be completed. The walnut green husk ripening method has the advantages of no pollution, short time, uniform maturity, easy green removing, high green husk removing rate, good mechanical green removing effect, white peel after green removing and drying, pure kernel fragrance and the like in the ripening process of the walnut green husk, and is particularly suitable for mechanized post-ripening treatment of southern deep-line walnut varieties.

Description

Physical walnut green husk ripening device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to post-harvest treatment equipment in the field of walnut primary processing, in particular to a walnut green husk ripening device.

Background

The walnut harvesting and postharvest treatment comprises the technical processes of accurately mastering the harvesting time, accelerating maturity of green tangerine peels, removing green and drying; the ripening acceleration of the green husks of the walnuts is an important link of the postharvest treatment of the walnuts, the surface of the shell of the Yunnan walnut is deeply engraved, the surface is not smooth, the ripening acceleration link is improper in process, the surface of the walnut is easily polluted by the rotting of the green husks or green peeling, green husk residue marks are not easy to remain, black spots are formed on the surface of the walnut after drying, and the commodity value of the walnuts is influenced, so the ripening acceleration of the green husks is a key technical measure for obtaining the white skin and white heart walnut.

In a Yunnan walnut producing area, ripening of walnut green husks after harvesting walnuts continues to be performed in a traditional stack retting mode all the time, namely: the collected green husks are stacked in a room to be naturally after-ripened, or the walnut green husks are placed in a mesh bag and stacked in a gap capable of avoiding rain, green removing can be carried out after 5-7 days, the after-ripened period is different in length, and the green removing cleanness is low; the chemical method-ethephon ripening can shorten the time to 3-4 days, but the cleanliness of the de-enzyming is not high, ethephon residue causes damage to de-enzyming workers (skin allergy, etc.); the secondary pollution of the production link of the organic walnut is avoided, mechanization and standardization of walnut green husk ripening are carried out, the ripening effect of the walnut green husk is improved, and the quality of the organic walnut is ensured.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a walnut green husk ripening device, which is used for keeping relatively constant temperature and humidity by adopting a heating mode according to the technical requirement of standardized primary processing of walnut and the technical characteristics of ripening of green husks of picked walnuts, so that the ripening process can be completed quickly and efficiently; the harvested walnut green seedcases are separated from the parent bodies, but the physiological vital characteristics of the plants are still kept; repeated experimental researches on a plurality of groups of different temperatures and humidities show that the green husk after-ripening process is completed at a certain temperature and time, the temperature and the humidity in the process are key factors for exciting the biological activity of the walnut green husk, the ripening temperature of the walnut green husk is controlled within the range of 28 +/-0.5 ℃, and the HR is controlled to be more than 85 percent, so that the green removing time is shortened by half compared with that of the traditional stack retting mode and is equivalent to that of the green removing time by a chemical method; compared with the two methods, the method has the advantages of easy de-enzyming, high de-enzyming rate, high seed shell cleanliness and good kernel maturity; the device and the method are key technical measures for improving the mechanical de-enzyming efficiency and are effective methods for improving the commodity value of the walnut fruits.

The invention provides a walnut green husk ripening device which mainly comprises heating equipment, a heat-preservation tent support and a goods shelf.

The invention provides a walnut green husk ripening device, wherein heating equipment can use products such as a heat pump and a hot blast stove with the performance of automatically controlling temperature and humidity.

The invention provides a walnut green husk ripening device, wherein a heat-preservation tent comprises a plastic tent, a heat-preservation tent bracket, a goods shelf, a heating pipe and a fruit frame, wherein the heat-preservation tent bracket and the goods shelf are of a combined structure; the tent cloth bag is 3-5.6m wide, 2m high and 8m long; the volume of the tent can be adjusted according to the quantity of the walnut green husks by the combined structure.

The invention provides a walnut green husk ripening device, wherein a hot-blast stove or a heat pump is placed at one end of a heat-preservation tent, two openings with the same size as a heating pipe are formed in the bottom of one end of the heat-preservation tent, the heating pipe is connected with a warm air supply machine, and a rectangular opening is formed in the top of one end of the heat-preservation tent and connected with the air inlet side of the hot-blast stove or the heat pump to form a closed heat circulation system; the temperature and humidity sensor is suspended in the central part of the heat preservation tent; the temperature and humidity in the heat-preservation tent are controlled to be 28 +/-0.5 ℃, and the heat is sent to a warm air blower by a direct instruction and is intermittently heated, so that the accuracy of the ripening temperature is ensured; the other end of the heat preservation tent is provided with a zipper type inlet and outlet door, so that the airtightness and heat preservation of the system are kept, and the water loss rate of the walnut green seedcase ripening process is reduced.

The invention provides a walnut green husk ripening device, and a ripening method mainly comprises the following steps: harvesting the walnut fruits in time when 5% -20% of the cracked fruits on the mother tree exist, classifying big and small fruits and damaged fruits on the harvested green husks, and putting the green husks on a goods shelf of a plastic tent in order by using woven bags or fruit frames; starting heating equipment, setting the temperature of the automatic controller to be 28 +/-0.5 ℃, setting the humidity to be 85% +/-0.5%, operating the sealed heat-preservation tent at constant temperature, and checking the maturity condition of the green husks timely according to the operating time; because the green husks of the walnuts are different in size and maturity before being harvested, damaged green husks and other factors, the green removing time is different; generally, the green tangerine peels harvested with the fruit cracking rate of 5-20 percent only need to ripen for about 40 hours; the mechanical de-enzyming rate of the method can reach more than 95%.

The invention provides a walnut green husk ripening device, which is particularly suitable for large-scale factory processing operation in walnut producing areas or occasions such as open squares and the like, and has wide application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front elevation view of the construction of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the structure of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the device of the present invention.

In fig. 1: 1-heating equipment (hot blast stove or heat pump); 2-air return inlet; 3-fruit frame; 4, sending a warm air blower; 5-a heat preservation tent bracket; 6-heat preservation tent; 7-a goods shelf; 8-heating pipe.

In fig. 2:

reference numerals

1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 are further provided to illustrate the structure of figure 1.

In fig. 3:

reference numerals

2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 are used to further illustrate the structure of fig. 1 and 2.

Detailed Description

The invention further discloses a walnut green husk ripening device by combining the attached drawings and an embodiment, but the device is not limited by the invention.

In the figure, the heating installation 1 is a market-alternative installation, being an automatically controllable hot-blast stove or a heat pump.

In the attached drawings, the heat preservation tent 6 is a rectangular cuboid made of heat preservation waterproof tarpaulin, a movable support is used for supporting the heat preservation tent 6 inside, and a user can contract the length for use according to the ripening accelerating quantity of walnut green husks; the upper part of one end of the heat-insulating tent 6 is provided with a return air inlet 2 connected with the air inlet side of the heating equipment 1, and the two ends of the bottom of the heat-insulating tent 6 are respectively provided with a port with the same caliber as that of the air supply fan 4, so that the heat-insulating tent 6 is connected with the heating equipment 1 and is connected with a heating pipe 8; the movable goods shelves 7 are arranged in the heat-preservation tent 6 and are configured according to the ripening accelerating quantity of the walnut green husks, so that the requirement of the heat-preservation tent 6 on length shrinkage is met; when the walnut green husks are ripened, the walnut green husks are placed in the fruit frame 3 or are packed in woven bags and stacked on the storage rack 7; when the equipment operates, the heat of the heating equipment 1 is sent into the heat-insulating tent 6 by the hot air sending machine 4, the hot air is sent to the green peel by the heating pipe 8, and the cooled air in the heat-insulating tent 6 is sucked into the heating equipment 1 through the air return opening 2 for heating; a temperature and humidity sensor of the heating equipment 1 is hung at the top end of the middle part of the heat preservation tent 6, the temperature and the humidity in the heat preservation tent 6 are monitored in real time, the heating fan 4 and the heating equipment 1 are controlled, and the temperature and the humidity in the heat preservation tent 6 are kept to be set values.

Claims

1. A physical method walnut green seedcase ripening device is characterized by comprising heating equipment (1) and a heat preservation tent (6); the heating equipment (1) is a hot blast stove or a heat pump; the heat-insulation tent (6) consists of a cuboid plastic tent made of heat-insulation waterproof tarpaulin, a heat-insulation tent bracket (5), a goods shelf (7), a heating pipe (8) and a fruit frame (3);

the heat-insulating tent support (5) and the goods shelf (7) in the heat-insulating tent (6) are of a combined structure, the heat-insulating tent (6) is supported by the heat-insulating tent support (5) from the inside, the movable goods shelf (7) is placed in the heat-insulating tent (6), and the fruit frame (3) is placed on the goods shelf (7);

the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are suspended in the central part in the heat-preservation tent, the control temperature in the heat-preservation tent is set to be 28 +/-0.5 ℃, the heating equipment (1) is directly instructed to intermittently supply heat, and the control humidity is 85 +/-0.5%;

the heating equipment (1) is placed at one end of the heat-insulating tent (6), two openings with the same size are formed in the bottom of one end of the heat-insulating tent (6), two heating pipes (8) are communicated with one ends of two air supply fans (4) after passing through the openings respectively, the other ends of the air supply fans (4) are connected with the heating equipment (1), the top of one end of the heat-insulating tent (6) is connected with the air return opening (2), and the other ends of the air return opening (2) are connected with the air inlet side of the heating equipment (1); the other end of the heat preservation tent (6) is provided with a zipper type inlet and outlet door;

the physical walnut green husk ripening device adopts the following steps to ripen the walnut green husk:

harvesting the walnut fruits in time when 5% -20% of the cracked fruits on the mother tree exist, classifying big and small fruits and damaged fruits on the harvested green husks, and putting the green husks on a goods shelf of a plastic tent in order by using woven bags or fruit frames;

starting heat source equipment, setting the temperature of the automatic controller to be 28 +/-0.5 ℃ and the humidity to be 85% +/-0.5%, operating the sealed tent at constant temperature, and checking the maturity of the green husks timely according to the operating time.

2. The physical method walnut green husk ripening device of claim 1, wherein the setting of the green removing time of walnuts in different states is different according to the size and maturity before picking the walnut green husk and the damaged state of the green husk.