CN112914073A - 一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,包括以下步骤,预处理:将原料乳清蛋白、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、复合氨基酸和离子水混合均匀搅拌后像溶液内缓慢均匀滴入薄荷油,制成胶囊预备液;溶解:将Ge溶液浓和GA水溶液置于40‑50℃恒温水浴中搅拌均匀,倒入明胶继续搅拌至结束,再倒入胶囊预备液内搅拌制得明胶溶液;乳化:将香精油滴加入明胶溶液中,高速均质乳化后,缓慢蠕动滴加GA溶液,机械搅拌一段时间后形成均匀混合乳液;固化:加入固化剂为TG酶,对混合乳液进行低温固化处理,喷雾干燥或者真空冷冻干燥最终得到固体粉末微胶囊。本发明增加微胶囊的耐高温性和耐湿度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微胶囊制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法。
背景技术
随着食品生产技术的发展,研制能够适应不同加工环境的要求,具有特殊释放性能的微胶囊已变得越来越重要。在食品的加工过程中,产品通常要经过高温、高湿的加工工序,有时需要所加入的微胶囊产品能够耐受高温、高湿的加工环境。例如将风味微胶囊应用到焙烤食品、微波食品或油炸食品中时,要求风味微胶囊能够在高温、高湿的环境中不释放或缓慢释放内部芯材,而在食用过程中大量释放芯材。而常用的喷雾干燥微胶囊就无法满足这样的要求,喷雾干燥微胶囊在湿度较大的环境中,玻璃化的壁材容易溶胀破裂,释放内部芯材,因此必须采用特殊的微胶囊化方法。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术的上述不足,提出了一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,包括以下步骤,
预处理:将原料乳清蛋白30-45份、苯基三甲氧基硅烷15-20份、复合氨基酸15-25份和离子水50-60份混合均匀搅拌3-5min后像溶液内缓慢均匀滴入薄荷油2-6滴,制成胶囊预备液,苯基三甲氧基硅烷不溶于水,具有不易燃等特性,沸点高,增加微胶囊的耐热性,氨基酸是人体生命运动中所必须的基本物质,其生理作用是促进蛋白质合成、胶原蛋白、生长激素分泌,保护肝脏功能,预防酒后肝功能损害,美容美肤,消除疲劳,增强食欲,提高机体的免疫能力,促进病后、产后康复,调节内分泌,增加大脑功能,缓解疲劳;
溶解:将Ge溶液浓度为18.5mol和GA水溶液浓度为16.8mol置于40-50℃恒温水浴中搅拌均匀,10-13min后,倒入明胶25-45份继续搅拌至结束,倒入胶囊预备液内搅拌制得明胶溶液,温度不能过低也不能太高,当溶液温度低于35℃时GE容易冷却形成凝胶,而高于70℃明胶发生蛋白分解变性,同时合适的水浴温度有利于加快反应和减少反应过程中精油的挥发;
乳化:将香精油5-10份滴加入明胶溶液中,在温度为75-95℃下,高速均质乳化2-5min后,缓慢蠕动滴加浓度为16.8mol的GA溶液,机械搅拌一段时间后形成均匀混合乳液;
凝胶化:关闭加热源,自然冷却至室温30℃后用利用冷却装置降温至4℃后,继续搅拌反应混合乳液0.5-1h。
固化:加入固化剂为TG酶,对混合乳液进行低温固化处理。
干燥等后处理:用水或丙酮清洗微胶囊至少3遍,过滤后,喷雾干燥或者真空冷冻干燥最终得到固体粉末微胶囊。
优选的,在所述溶解步骤中,搅拌至3-5min后,像溶液内加入麦芽糊精5-15份混合搅拌,预设时间后,倒入胶囊预备液内搅拌制得明胶溶液,该制得的明胶乳液为最终明胶乳液。
优选的,在所述乳化步骤中,在剪切机高速搅拌的条件下,进行乳化反应,在此乳化步骤中,先是在剪切机高速搅拌作用下,将精油分散为一个个的小油滴,再利用GE的乳化作用,使GE包覆在这些小油滴的表面,由于GE是一种聚电解质而带有电荷,从而使得这些小油滴带有同种电荷,因静电排斥作用,使得这些油滴组成的乳液能够稳定的存在。
优选的,所述剪切机高速搅拌转速3000-3500r/min。
优选的,该方法还包括,
凝聚:用酸(冰醋酸、乳酸或柠檬酸)溶液将乳化制得的混合乳液pH调制至3.0-4.0,该混合乳液为最终混合乳液,调节溶液pH值至GE的等电点以下,使得GE带上正电荷,加入带负电荷的GA,发生异种电荷的相互吸引,从而使这两种聚电解质通过离子间作用力结合到一起,而凝聚出来成为微胶囊。
优选的,所述溶解时间为30-55min。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
1.苯基三甲氧基硅烷配合复合氨基酸,可增加微胶囊的耐高温性和营养元素,解决因油炸时温度过高微胶囊内部芯材释放;
2.解决温度过低容易冷却形成凝胶,而温度过高明胶发生蛋白分解变性,同时合适的水温有利于加快反应和减少反应过程中精油的挥发;
3.复合凝聚微胶囊化技术目前通常采用甲醛、戊二醛等有毒化学桥联剂作为固化剂,而TG酶无毒副作用的同时还是具有活性的单体蛋白质,可催化蛋白质,多肽发生分子内和分子间的共价交联,从而改善蛋白质的结构和功能,对蛋白质的性质,诸如:发泡性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、热稳定性、保水能力和凝胶能力等有显著提高,进而改善食品的风味、口感,质地和外观等;
4.利用剪切机将香精油切割为细小滴状,使得能充分且迅速的被包覆。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对发明进行详细的说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,包括以下步骤,
预处理:将原料乳清蛋白30份、苯基三甲氧基硅烷15份、复合氨基酸15份和离子水50份混合均匀搅拌3min后像溶液内缓慢均匀滴入薄荷油2滴,制成胶囊预备液;
溶解:溶解时间为30min,将Ge溶液浓度为18.5mol和GA水溶液浓度为16.8mol置于40℃恒温水浴中搅拌均匀,搅拌至4min后,像溶液内加入麦芽糊精10份搅拌,10min后,倒入明胶25份继续搅拌至结束,倒入胶囊预备液内搅拌制得明胶溶液;
乳化:将香精油5份滴加入明胶溶液中,在温度为75℃下,高速均质乳化2min后,缓慢蠕动滴加浓度为16.8mol的GA溶液,机械搅拌一段时间后形成均匀混合乳液;
凝胶化:关闭加热源,自然冷却至室温30℃后用利用冷却装置降温至4℃后,继续搅拌反应混合乳液0.5h。
固化:加入固化剂为TG酶,对混合乳液进行低温固化处理。
干燥等后处理:用丙酮清洗微胶囊3遍,过滤后,喷雾干燥或者真空冷冻干燥最终得到固体粉末微胶囊。
实施例2
一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,包括以下步骤,
预处理:将原料乳清蛋白38份、苯基三甲氧基硅烷18份、复合氨基酸20份和离子水50-60份混合均匀搅拌3-5min后像溶液内缓慢均匀滴入薄荷油5滴,制成胶囊预备液;
溶解:溶解时间为30-55min,将Ge溶液浓度为18.5mol和GA水溶液浓度为16.8mol置于45℃恒温水浴中搅拌均匀,搅拌至4min后,像溶液内加入麦芽糊精10份搅拌,12min后,倒入明胶40份继续搅拌至结束,倒入胶囊预备液内搅拌制得明胶溶液;
乳化:将香精油7份滴加入明胶溶液中,在温度为90℃下,高速均质乳化3min后,缓慢蠕动滴加浓度为16.8mol的GA溶液,机械搅拌一段时间后形成均匀混合乳液;
凝胶化:关闭加热源,自然冷却至室温30℃后用利用冷却装置降温至4℃后,继续搅拌反应混合乳液0.8h。
固化:加入固化剂为TG酶,对混合乳液进行低温固化处理。
干燥等后处理:用丙酮清洗微胶囊3遍,过滤后,喷雾干燥或者真空冷冻干燥最终得到固体粉末微胶囊。
实施例3
一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,包括以下步骤,
预处理:将原料乳清蛋白30-45份、苯基三甲氧基硅烷20份、复合氨基酸25份和离子水60份混合均匀搅拌5min后像溶液内缓慢均匀滴入薄荷油6滴,制成胶囊预备液;
溶解:溶解时间为55min,将Ge溶液浓度为18.5mol和GA水溶液浓度为16.8mol置于50℃恒温水浴中搅拌均匀,搅拌至4min后,像溶液内加入麦芽糊精10份搅拌,13min后,倒入明胶45份继续搅拌至结束,倒入胶囊预备液内搅拌制得明胶溶液;
乳化:将香精油10份滴加入明胶溶液中,在温度为95℃下,高速均质乳化5min后,缓慢蠕动滴加浓度为16.8mol的GA溶液,机械搅拌一段时间后形成均匀混合乳液;
凝胶化:关闭加热源,自然冷却至室温30℃后用利用冷却装置降温至4℃后,继续搅拌反应混合乳液1h。
固化:加入固化剂为TG酶,对混合乳液进行低温固化处理。
干燥等后处理:用丙酮清洗微胶囊3遍,过滤后,喷雾干燥或者真空冷冻干燥最终得到固体粉末微胶囊。
对比例1
一种耐高温的香料复合微胶囊制备方法,将原料乳清蛋白45份,明胶30份和45份离子水混合搅拌,制得明胶溶液,再像明胶溶液内滴入10滴香精油,高速均质乳化6min后,机械搅拌一段时间形成混合乳液,保持所得乳液的pH高于8,温度高于60℃,:加入固化剂戊二醛,将乳液进行喷雾干燥,制备出香料微胶囊。
将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3和对比例1的方法制得出的微胶囊,进行承受高温极限测试,具体数据见表1;
将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3和对比例1的方法制得出的微胶囊,在不同温度中,芯材内的释放率,具体数据见表1;
将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3和对比例1的方法制得出的微胶囊,进行承受高湿度极限测试,具体数据见表1;
表1
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | |
温度(℃) | 240℃ | 213℃ | 198℃ | 170℃ |
湿度(%) | 86% | 78% | 69% | 54% |
140℃(%) | 0 | 8 | 14 | 38 |
150℃(%) | 24 | 32 | 43 | 67 |
160℃(%) | 30 | 35 | 50 | 95 |
170℃(%) | 39 | 43 | 75 | 100 |
190℃(%) | 45 | 68 | 97 | 100 |
200℃(%) | 69 | 84 | 100 | 100 |
210℃(%) | 77 | 98 | 100 | 100 |
220℃(%) | 88 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
230℃(%) | 91 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
240℃(%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
从表1可知,实施例1为最佳方案,对比例1直接利用乳清蛋白和明胶搅拌混合制得明胶溶液,也并未加入苯基三甲氧基硅烷和复合氨基酸成分,耐高温、湿度极限均低于本发明的实施例,且从表1可知,170℃时,对比例1内的芯材完全释放。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1基本一致,不同之处在于:
在剪切机高速搅拌的条件下,搅拌转速3000r/min,进行乳化反应,用酸(冰醋酸)溶液将乳化制得的混合乳液pH调制至3.0,该混合乳液为最终混合乳液,从表面观察可知,实施例1的香精油分布不均匀,使得反应不够完全,而本实施例通过剪切机将香精油切割成小滴状,分散分布,反应完全。
在不出现冲突的前提下,本领域技术人员可以将上述附加技术特征自由组合以及叠加使用。
上述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利和保护范围应以所附权利要求书为准。
Claims (6)
1.一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,
预处理:将原料乳清蛋白30-45份、苯基三甲氧基硅烷15-20份、复合氨基酸15-25份和离子水50-60份混合均匀搅拌3-5min后像溶液内缓慢均匀滴入薄荷油2-6滴,制成胶囊预备液;
溶解:将Ge溶液浓度为18.5mol和GA水溶液浓度为16.8mol置于40-50℃恒温水浴中搅拌均匀,10-13min后,倒入明胶25-45份继续搅拌至结束,倒入胶囊预备液内搅拌制得明胶溶液;
乳化:将香精油5-10份滴加入明胶溶液中,在温度为75-95℃下,高速均质乳化2-5min后,缓慢蠕动滴加浓度为16.8mol的GA溶液,机械搅拌一段时间后形成均匀混合乳液;
凝胶化:关闭加热源,自然冷却至室温30℃后用利用冷却装置降温至4℃后,继续搅拌反应混合乳液0.5-1h。
固化:加入固化剂为TG酶,对混合乳液进行低温固化处理。
干燥等后处理:用水或丙酮清洗微胶囊至少3遍,过滤后,喷雾干燥或者真空冷冻干燥最终得到固体粉末微胶囊。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,其特征在于,在所述溶解步骤中,搅拌至3-5min后,像溶液内加入麦芽糊精5-15份混合搅拌,预设时间后,倒入胶囊预备液内搅拌制得明胶溶液,该制得的明胶乳液为最终明胶乳液。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,其特征在于,在所述乳化步骤中,在剪切机高速搅拌的条件下,进行乳化反应。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,其特征在于,所述剪切机高速搅拌转速3000-3500r/min。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,其特征在于,该方法还包括,
凝聚:用酸(冰醋酸、乳酸或柠檬酸)溶液将乳化制得的混合乳液pH调制至3.0-4.0,该混合乳液为最终混合乳液。
6.如权利要求2所述的一种耐高温、高湿的香精香料复合凝聚微胶囊制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶解时间为30-55min。
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