CN112909890B - Direct-current short-circuit protection module of electric vehicle - Google Patents
Direct-current short-circuit protection module of electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN112909890B CN112909890B CN202110123382.7A CN202110123382A CN112909890B CN 112909890 B CN112909890 B CN 112909890B CN 202110123382 A CN202110123382 A CN 202110123382A CN 112909890 B CN112909890 B CN 112909890B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The application relates to an electric motor car direct current short circuit protection module belongs to electric motor car technical field, and protection module connects the setting between controller and group battery in this application, and this module includes: a start level generation circuit unit for generating a first level signal based on the closing of the start switch; the short circuit detection circuit unit is used for generating and outputting a second level signal when detecting that the main loop of the controller is short-circuited; a follower output circuit unit for generating and outputting a third level signal based on the first level signal and the second level signal; the driving circuit unit is used for controlling a switching tube on a main loop of the driving controller based on the third level signal so as to realize normal work and short-circuit protection of the module; and the two-way switch power supply unit is used for providing a working power supply for the module. By applying the protection module, the fire hazard occurrence probability of the electric vehicle can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of electric vehicles, and particularly relates to an electric vehicle direct-current short-circuit protection module.
Background
The electric bicycles, the electric tricycles and the electric quadricycles in China are very large in inventory, the electric bicycle is an important safety problem in application when being ignited and spontaneously ignited in the electric bicycle, and fire caused by the electric bicycle is capable of bringing huge loss to social families.
Technically, the cause of the fire of the electric bicycle is analyzed mainly due to two conditions.
In the first situation, when the temperature of the storage battery is too high during charging of the electric vehicle, the internal short circuit of the battery may be caused due to deformation of the positive and negative electrode substrates caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction to extrude the partition plate and the accelerated falling of the active substances caused by the deformation; the slight short circuit in the storage battery can reduce the battery capacity, the self-discharge increases the battery voltage and rapidly drops, and the serious short circuit in the storage battery can cause the battery temperature to rapidly rise, and the shell is deformed or even fires.
The second condition, high temperature causes the PCB copper sheet interval resistance of a plurality of MOS switch tube pins to drop and lead to the short circuit in the machine controller, in case short circuit, the electric current of up to several thousand ampere flow through the wire in the controller produces high temperature in the twinkling of an eye, and this energy far exceeds 400 ampere of electric welding machine welding work piece's energy, can ignite the working of plastics in the twinkling of an eye and cause the fire. For this purpose, a 10-30 ampere safety fuse or a single-stage breaker is generally installed on an electric vehicle, but since the breaker is too slow (time 0.02-0.05 second), the fuse blowing time is slower than the action speed of the breaker, and fire is burnt when the fuse is blown or the breaker is tripped.
The above is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, and does not represent an admission that the above is prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art at least to a certain extent, the application provides the direct-current short-circuit protection module for the electric vehicle, the action time is short, the current of a main loop can be cut off before the wire short circuit is not ignited, and therefore the fire hazard occurrence probability of the electric vehicle is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
the application provides a direct current short circuit protection module of an electric vehicle, the module is connected and arranged between a controller and a battery pack and comprises,
a start level generation circuit unit for generating a first level signal based on the closing of the start switch;
the short circuit detection circuit unit is used for generating and outputting a second level signal when detecting that the main loop of the controller is short-circuited;
a follower output circuit unit for generating and outputting a third level signal based on the first level signal and the second level signal;
the driving circuit unit is used for controlling a switching tube on a main loop of the driving controller based on the third level signal so as to realize normal work and short-circuit protection of the module;
and the two-way switch power supply unit is used for providing a working power supply for the module.
Optionally, the start level generation circuit unit includes a start switch K1 and a thermistor RT; in the start level generation circuit unit:
one end of the starting switch K1 is connected with the cathode of the battery pack and the grounding end of the first group of power output, the other end is connected with the input ground of the two-way switch power supply unit and one end of the thermistor RT, the other end of the thermistor RT is connected with the cathode end of the internal capacitor of the controller, and the anode end of the internal capacitor is connected with the anode of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be charged and discharged by the power supply unit
When the starting switch K1 is closed, the starting work of the two-way switch power supply unit is realized, and the charging of the internal capacitor by the battery pack is realized;
wherein, the potential level of the connection part between the internal capacitor and the thermistor RT is used as a first level signal.
Optionally, the controller main loop includes switching tubes Q9 and Q10, and a resistor R19; in the controller main loop:
the drain of the switch tube Q10 is connected to the negative terminal of the internal capacitor, the source thereof is connected to the drain of the switch tube Q9 and the ground terminal of the second group of power supply outputs, and the source of the switch tube Q9 is connected to the ground terminal of the first group of power supply outputs through the resistor R19.
Optionally, the short circuit detection circuit unit includes resistors R11, R12, and R14, an operational amplifier U4, and a diode D2; in the short circuit detection circuit unit:
one end of the resistor R14 is connected with the source electrode of the switching tube Q9, and the other end of the resistor R is connected with the negative input end of the integrated operational amplifier U4; the positive input end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected with the power supply end of the first group output of the power supply through a resistor R12 and is connected with the grounding end of the first group output of the power supply through a resistor R11, and the output end of the operational amplifier U4 outputs a second level signal to the outside through a reversely connected diode D2.
Optionally, the following output circuit unit includes operational amplifiers U1, U2, and U3, an NPN transistor Q1, resistors R1, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8, and R9, a capacitor C1, and a diode D1; in the follower output circuit unit:
the positive input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a power supply end of a first group of output of a power supply through a capacitor C1 and a grounding end of the first group of output of the power supply through a resistor R1, the negative input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the negative input end of an operational amplifier U3 and the negative input end of an operational amplifier U2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier U2 through a diode D1;
the negative input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the power supply end of the first group of output of the power supply through a resistor R6 and is connected with the grounding end of the first group of output of the power supply through a resistor R7, the negative input end of the operational amplifier U2 also receives a first level signal through a resistor R4, the positive input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U2 through a resistor R8, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the power supply end of the first group of output of the power supply through a resistor R9 and is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier U3 through a resistor R3;
the positive input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q1, the emitter electrode of the triode Q1 is connected with the grounding end of the first group of output of the power supply, and the base electrode of the triode Q1 obtains a first level signal through the resistor R4;
in the following output circuit unit, the output level of the operational amplifier U3 is used as a third level signal, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is also connected with the positive electrode end of the diode D2 in the short circuit detection circuit unit, so that the following output circuit unit can obtain a second level signal.
Optionally, the driving circuit unit comprises a first part of functional circuit for driving the switching tube Q9 on the controller main loop, and a second part of functional circuit for driving the switching tube Q10 on the controller main loop;
the first part of functional circuit comprises an NPN type triode Q3, a PNP type triode Q4, resistors R13, R17 and R18 and diodes D3 and D4; in the first partial functional circuit:
the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the power supply end output by the first group of power supply through a resistor R13, the collector electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the power supply end output by the first group of power supply, the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the negative electrode end of a diode D4, the positive electrode end of the diode D4 is connected with the grid electrode of a switch tube Q9, and a resistor R17 is connected in parallel with the two ends of the diode D4;
the base electrode of the triode Q4 and the base electrode of the triode Q3 are connected in parallel and then are connected to the front-stage following output circuit unit to receive a third level signal, and the collector electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the grounding end of the first group of output of the power supply;
the negative pole end of the diode D3 is connected with the grid electrode of the switch tube Q9, the positive pole end of the diode D3 is connected with the source electrode of the switch Q9, and the resistor R18 is connected with the two ends of the diode D3 in parallel.
Optionally, the second partial functional circuit includes a PNP type triode Q8, resistors R26, R27, R28, R29, and R30, diodes D7 and D9, a light emitting diode LED2, capacitors C6 and C7, and an optocoupler U5; the second part of the functional circuit comprises:
the first end of the input side of the optical coupler U5 is connected with a power supply end of the first group output of the power supply and one end of a connecting capacitor C6 through a resistor R26, the second end of the input side of the optical coupler U5 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C6 and an intermediate functional circuit, the conduction condition of the intermediate functional circuit is determined based on the working condition of the first part of functional circuits,
the first end of the output side of the optocoupler U5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q8, the second end of the output side of the optocoupler U5 is connected with the grounding end of the second group output of the module power supply and one end of an output coil in the two-way switch power supply unit, the other end of the output coil is connected with the positive electrode end of a diode D9, and the negative electrode end of the diode D9 is connected with the second end of the output side of the optocoupler U5 through a capacitor C7;
the emitter of the transistor Q8 is connected with the negative terminal of the diode D9 and the base thereof through the resistor R28, the collector of the transistor Q8 is connected with the grid of the switch tube Q10 through the resistor R29,
the cathode end of the diode D7 is connected with the grid of the switch tube Q10, the anode end of the diode D7 is connected with the grounding end of the second group output of the module power supply, the resistor R30 is connected with the two ends of the diode D7 in parallel,
the positive terminal of the light emitting diode LED2 is connected with the grounding terminal of the second group output of the module power supply, and the negative terminal of the light emitting diode LED2 is connected with the negative terminal of the diode D9 through a resistor R27.
Optionally, the intermediate function circuit specifically includes NPN triodes Q5, Q6, and Q7, resistors R15, R16, R21, R22, R23, and R25, capacitors C3 and C4, a diode D5, and a light emitting diode LED1; in the intermediate function circuit,
the collector of the triode Q5 is connected with the cathode end of the light-emitting diode LED1 through a resistor R15, the anode end of the light-emitting diode LED1 is connected with the power supply end output by the first group of power supply,
the emitter of the triode Q5 and the emitter of the triode Q6 are connected in parallel and are connected with the grounding end of the first group of output of the power supply, the base electrode of the triode Q5 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q3 in the first part of functional circuit through a resistor R16,
the base electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q7 and the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 in the first part of functional circuit through a resistor R25, the collector electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the second end of the input side of the optocoupler U5,
the emitter of the triode Q7 is connected with the grounding end of the first group of outputs of the power supply, the base of the triode Q7 is connected with the grounding end of the first group of outputs of the power supply through a resistor R23 and a resistor R22,
the junction between the circuit R23 and the resistor R22 is also connected with one end of a resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with the cathode end of a diode D5, the anode end of the diode D5 is connected with the drain electrode of a switching tube Q9 in the first part of functional circuit,
and after the capacitors C3 and C4 are connected in parallel, one end of the capacitor is connected with the negative electrode end of the diode D5, and the other end of the capacitor is connected with the grounding end of the first group of power supply output.
Optionally, the working power supply provided by the two-way switching power supply unit is two-way 12 v.
Optionally, the input voltage of the two-way switching power supply unit is 15 to 120 volts.
This application adopts above technical scheme, possesses following beneficial effect at least:
the protection module among this application technical scheme through specific circuit setting, is realizing the electric motor car direct current short-circuit protection in-process, and the action time is short, can not cut off the electric current of major loop before the wire short circuit catches fire to electric motor car conflagration probability has been reduced.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the technology or prior art of the present application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings expressing the embodiments of the present application are used for explaining the technical solutions of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a dc short-circuit protection module of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a start-up level generation circuit unit in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a primary loop of the controller of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a short circuit detection circuit unit in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a follower output circuit unit in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first functional circuit of the driving circuit unit in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second functional circuit of the driving circuit unit in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an application of the DC short-circuit protection module of the electric vehicle in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating the schematic diagram of fig. 8.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The application provides an electric vehicle direct current short circuit protection module aiming at the problems of electric vehicle short circuit protection mentioned in the background.
The electric vehicle direct current short circuit protection module of the present application is disposed between a controller and a battery pack, and in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the module includes,
a start level generation circuit unit for generating a first level signal based on the closing of the start switch;
the short circuit detection circuit unit is used for generating and outputting a second level signal when detecting that the main loop of the controller is short-circuited;
a follower output circuit unit for generating and outputting a third level signal based on the first level signal and the second level signal;
the driving circuit unit is used for controlling a switching tube on a main loop of the driving controller based on the third level signal so as to realize normal work and short-circuit protection of the module;
and the two-way switch power supply unit is used for providing a working power supply for the module.
This application technical scheme through specific circuit setting, in realizing electric motor car direct current short-circuit protection in-process, carries out the short circuit detection and generates relevant control level signal through short circuit detection circuit unit, and then based on the action of the switch tube on this signal control drive controller major loop, realizes short-circuit protection to reduce electric motor car conflagration probability of taking place.
In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present application, the main circuit units of the protection module in this embodiment are separately described below.
Start level generating circuit unit
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the start level generating circuit unit includes a start switch K1 and a thermistor RT; in the start level generating circuit unit:
one end of the start switch K1 is connected to the battery pack, the other end is connected to an input (not shown) of the two-way switching power supply unit, and one end of a thermistor RT, the other end of which is connected to the negative terminal of the internal capacitor of the controller, so that
When the starting switch K1 is closed, the starting work of the two-way switch power supply unit is realized, and the charging of the internal capacitor by the battery pack is realized;
wherein, the potential level of the connection part between the internal capacitor and the thermistor RT is used as a first level signal.
By adopting the starting level generation circuit unit shown in fig. 2, if the state of the electric vehicle controller is normal, when the starting switch K1 is closed to start the electric vehicle, the starting switch K1 is switched on, the negative electrode of the battery pack charges the capacitor in the electric vehicle controller through the K1 and the thermistor RT with positive temperature coefficient, when the capacitor is charged to a certain degree (for example, 90%), the potential of the point E (first level signal) in fig. 2 reaches the design threshold, and based on the first level signal at this time, the switching tube in the main circuit of the controller can be conducted through the related circuit (the circuit is described in detail later), so that the controller enters the normal working state.
If a short circuit occurs in the controller of the electric vehicle, when the electric vehicle is started, the K1 is switched on and cannot charge the internal capacitor, and the current flowing through the K1 is directly added to the RT, so that the resistance value of the RT is rapidly increased along with the temperature rise, the current is rapidly reduced, and the fire caused by the short circuit is avoided.
Short circuit detection circuit unit
As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the controller main loop includes switching tubes Q9 and Q10, and a resistor R19; in the controller main loop:
the drain of the switch Q10 is connected to the negative terminal of the internal capacitor (i.e., point E in fig. 2), the source thereof is connected to the drain of the switch Q9, and the source of the switch Q9 is connected to the module Ground (GND) via the resistor R19.
As shown in fig. 3, the short circuit detection circuit unit includes resistors R11, R12, and R14, an operational amplifier U4, and a diode D2; in the short-circuit detection circuit unit:
one end of the resistor R14 is connected with the source electrode of the switching tube Q9, and the other end of the resistor R is connected with the negative input end of the integrated operational amplifier U4; the positive input end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected with a power supply terminal (VCC) through a resistor R12 and is connected with a module grounding terminal through a resistor R11, and the output end of the operational amplifier U4 outputs a second level signal to the outside through a reversely connected diode D2.
As shown in fig. 3, after normal startup, the module circuit works normally, and at this time, Q9 and Q10 are conducted to provide normal current for the electric vehicle controller to work. If the voltage is higher than the U4+ input end, the output end of the U4 outputs low level, that is, the output second level signal is low level, and based on the low level signal (the second level signal at this time), the switching tube in the main loop of the controller is rapidly turned off through a related circuit (which is described in detail later), so as to achieve the purpose of short-circuit protection.
The related circuits in the present application mainly refer to a following output circuit unit and a driving circuit unit, which will be described below:
follower output circuit unit
As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, the follower output circuit unit includes operational amplifiers U1, U2, and U3, an NPN transistor Q1, resistors R1, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8, and R9, a capacitor C1, and a diode D1; in the follower output circuit unit:
the positive input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a power supply end (VCC) through a capacitor C1 and is connected with the module grounding end through a resistor R1, the negative input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier U3 and is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier U2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier U2 through a diode D1;
the negative input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with a power supply end through a resistor R6 and connected with the module grounding end through a resistor R7, the positive input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U2 through a resistor R8, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the power supply end through a resistor R9 and connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier U3 through a resistor R3;
the positive input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1, the emitter of the triode Q1 is connected with the grounding end of the module, and the base of the triode Q1 acquires a first level signal through the resistor R4;
in the follow-up output circuit unit, the output level of the operational amplifier U3 is used as a third level signal, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is also connected with the positive electrode end of the diode D2 in the short-circuit detection circuit unit, so that the follow-up output circuit unit obtains a second level signal.
In fig. 4, C1 is a capacitor for starting the U1+ input terminal, and R1 is a C1 level pull-down resistor. As mentioned above, after K1 is closed, the switching power supply unit is enabled to start up, and based on transient analysis of the circuit, each time K1 is opened (due to the power supply starting to supply power), the U1 output terminal outputs a start pulse of about 10 milliseconds to pass through the D1 to the U2+ input terminal; and the R8 is connected with the output end of the U2 and the input end of the U2+ to form a simple state holding circuit, so that the output end of the U2 always keeps high level output.
After K1 is closed, the negative electrode of the battery pack charges the capacitor in the electric vehicle controller through K1 and RT, the potential of the point E gradually decreases along with the charging time, and the output end of U2 outputs high level to the + input end of U3 through R3 due to the formation of a state holding circuit. Under this condition, the control to Q1 is realized through R4 to Q1 base to E point, Q1 emitter and collector switch on, R3 just is drawn low to U3+ input end potential, U3's output just exports the low level (third level signal is the low level promptly), U3 output high level (third level signal is the high level promptly) when E point voltage reduces to Q1 and ends, third level signal output to drive circuit unit this moment to make the switch tube on the controller major loop switch on.
In fig. 4, as described above, the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2 is further connected to the positive terminal of the diode D2 in the short-circuit detection circuit unit, and as can be seen from fig. 3 and the corresponding description, when a short circuit occurs during normal operation, the output terminal of the U4 outputs a low level, that is, the output second level signal is a low level, the low level is applied to the U3+ input terminal via R3, the potential of the U3+ input terminal is pulled down, the output terminal of the U3 outputs a low level (that is, the third level signal is a low level), and the third level signal at this time is output to the driving circuit unit, so that the switching tube on the main circuit of the controller is turned off, and short-circuit protection is achieved.
Drive circuit unit
In this embodiment, the driving circuit unit includes a first part of functional circuit for driving the switch Q9 on the controller main loop, and a second part of functional circuit for driving the switch Q10 on the controller main loop;
as shown in fig. 5, the first partial functional circuit includes an NPN transistor Q3, a PNP transistor Q4, resistors R13, R17, and R18, and diodes D3 and D4; in the first part of the functional circuit:
the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with a power supply end through a resistor R13, the collector electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the power supply end, the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the cathode end of the diode D4, the anode end of the diode D4 is connected with the grid electrode of the switching tube Q9, and the resistor R17 is connected to the two ends of the diode D4 in parallel;
the base electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q3 in parallel and then is connected to the follow-up output circuit unit of the front stage to receive the third level signal, and the collector electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the grounding end of the module;
the negative pole end of the diode D3 is connected with the grid electrode of the switch tube Q9, the positive pole end of the diode D3 is connected with the source electrode of the switch Q9, and the resistor R18 is connected with the two ends of the diode D3 in parallel.
In fig. 5, the bases of Q3 and Q4 are connected in parallel and then connected to the preceding stage, and receive the third level signal, when the third level signal is at high level, the high level signal is loaded on the bases of Q3 and Q4, and the totem-pole output formed by Q3 and Q4 drives Q9 to be turned on; on the contrary, when the third level signal is at low level, Q9 is turned off.
The second functional circuit of the driving Q10 will be described again. In the application, because Q9 and Q10 are used in series, the gates of the two switching tubes are driven by two power supplies respectively.
As shown in fig. 6, in this embodiment, the second partial functional circuit includes a PNP type transistor Q8, resistors R26, R27, R28, R29, and R30, diodes D7 and D9, a light emitting diode LED2, capacitors C6 and C7, and an optocoupler U5; in the second part of functional circuit:
a first end of the input side of the optical coupler U5 is connected with a power supply end through a resistor R26 and is connected with one end of a capacitor C6, a second end of the input side of the optical coupler U5 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C6 and an intermediate function circuit (described in detail later), the conduction condition of the intermediate function circuit is determined based on the working condition of the first part of function circuits,
the first end of the output side of the optocoupler U5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q8, the second end of the output side of the optocoupler U5 is connected with the third grounding end of the module and one end of an output coil in the two-way switch power supply unit, the other end of the output coil is connected with the positive end of a diode D9, and the negative end of the diode D9 is connected with the second end of the output side of the optocoupler U5 through a capacitor C7;
the emitter of the transistor Q8 is connected with the negative terminal of the diode D9 and the base thereof through the resistor R28, the collector of the transistor Q8 is connected with the grid of the switch tube Q10 through the resistor R29,
the cathode end of the diode D7 is connected with the grid electrode of the switching tube Q10, the anode end of the diode D7 is connected with the third grounding end of the module, the resistor R30 is connected with the two ends of the diode D7 in parallel,
the positive terminal of the LED2 is connected to the third ground terminal (GND 3) of the module, and the negative terminal of the LED2 is connected to the negative terminal of the diode D9 through a resistor R27.
In fig. 6, the gate of Q10 is driven by the other power supply of the switching power supply (BA 1), the on-state of which is controlled by the optocoupler U5, Q10 is driven on when U5 is on, and Q10 is off when U5 is off. The output side of U5 is connected with an intermediate function circuit, and the conduction condition of the intermediate function circuit is determined based on the working condition of the first part of function circuits.
The intermediate function circuit is explained below.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the intermediate function circuit specifically includes NPN triodes Q5, Q6, and Q7, resistors R15, R16, R21, R22, R23, and R25, capacitors C3 and C4, a diode D5, and a light emitting diode LED1; in the intermediate function circuit, the first and second functional circuits,
the collector of the triode Q5 is connected with the cathode end of the LED1 through a resistor R15, the anode end of the LED1 is connected with a power supply end,
the emitter of the triode Q5 and the emitter of the triode Q6 are connected in parallel and are connected with the module grounding end, the base of the triode Q5 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q3 in the first part of functional circuit through a resistor R16,
the base electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q7 and the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 in the first part of functional circuit through a resistor R25, the collector electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the second end of the input side of the optocoupler U5,
the emitter of the triode Q7 is connected with the module grounding end, the base of the triode Q7 is connected with the module grounding end through a resistor R23 and a resistor R22,
the junction between the circuit R23 and the resistor R22 is also connected with one end of a resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with the cathode end of a diode D5, the anode end of the diode D5 is connected with the drain electrode of a switching tube Q9 in the first part of functional circuit,
after the capacitors C3 and C4 are connected in parallel, one end of the capacitor is connected with the negative pole end of the diode D5, and the other end of the capacitor is connected with the module grounding end.
In fig. 7, a point a is connected to the input side of the optocoupler U5, a point b is connected to the emitter of the Q3 in the first functional circuit, and when the totem output formed by the Q3Q4 drives the Q9 to be on, due to the potential change at the point b, the collector of the Q6 is connected to the emitter, so that the input side of the optocoupler U5 is turned on by the point a and the collector-emitter of the Q6, the Q10 is driven to be on, the main circuit of the controller is turned on, and the controller operates normally.
The other part of the circuit in fig. 7 mainly functions as surge voltage absorption during short-circuit protection to protect the switching tube from being damaged. As will be briefly described herein in the following,
when a short circuit occurs under normal working conditions, as described above, totem-pole output formed by Q3Q4 changes, Q9 stops being driven, and point C in fig. 7 is connected to the drain of Q9, and point C is at a high level, which causes Q7 to be turned on, thereby affecting that Q6 cannot be turned on, the optocoupler U5 is turned off, and Q10 is turned off. However, due to the state change from on to off of the switching tube, a surge voltage may be generated in the controller main loop (if the surge voltage is not processed, the switching tube may be damaged), and as shown in the circuit shown in fig. 7, the surge voltage may be absorbed through C3 and C4, and then energy consumption is performed by R21 and R22, so that the switching tube is protected.
Fig. 8 shows an overall circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment, the upper left part in fig. 8 is a two-way switching power supply unit, which provides 12 v operating power for the module, the input voltage of the two-way switching power supply unit is 15 to 120 v, and the configuration and connection relationship of the two-way switching power supply unit are shown in fig. 8 and will not be described in detail here. Fig. 9 is a block functional diagram of the schematic circuit diagram shown in fig. 8, and the essence of the functional implementation has been described in the foregoing, and is not repeated here.
It should be noted that, in each circuit unit of fig. 8, some auxiliary circuit elements are not referred to in the foregoing, and based on the common general knowledge in the art, these auxiliary circuit elements may be added or deleted based on the actual application, which does not relate to the implementation of the core function of the technical solution to be protected by the present application, for example, the resistor R20 in parallel with the resistor R19 in fig. 8 only has the function of providing a larger current limiting resistance value, and removing R20 does not affect the implementation of the core function. In fig. 8, VCC and GND are a set of outputs of the power supply, GND3 is a ground of the second set of outputs of the power supply, and GND1 is a ground of the power supply input.
The protection module in this embodiment of the application, through specific circuit setting, in the realization electric motor car direct current short-circuit protection in-process, the action time is short (short circuit detection time to response do not exceed 256 milliseconds), can cut off the electric current of major loop before the wire short circuit does not catch fire to reduce electric motor car conflagration and take place the probability.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A direct current short circuit protection module of an electric vehicle is connected and arranged between a controller and a battery pack, and is characterized in that the module comprises,
a start level generation circuit unit for generating a first level signal based on the closing of the start switch;
the short circuit detection circuit unit is used for generating and outputting a second level signal when detecting that the main loop of the controller is short-circuited;
a follower output circuit unit for generating and outputting a third level signal based on the first level signal and the second level signal;
the driving circuit unit is used for controlling a switching tube on a main loop of the driving controller based on the third level signal so as to realize normal work and short-circuit protection of the module;
the double-circuit switch power supply unit is used for providing a working power supply of the module;
the starting level generating circuit unit comprises a starting switch K1 and a thermistor RT; in the start level generation circuit unit:
one end of the starting switch K1 is connected with the cathode of the battery pack and the grounding end of the first group output of the power supply, the other end of the starting switch K1 is connected with the input ground of the two-way switch power supply unit and one end of the thermistor RT, the other end of the thermistor RT is connected with the cathode end of an internal capacitor of the controller, and the anode end of the internal capacitor is connected with the anode of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be charged by the power supply
When the starting switch K1 is closed, the starting work of the two-way switch power supply unit is realized, and the charging of the internal capacitor by the battery pack is realized;
wherein, the potential level of the junction between the internal capacitor and the thermistor RT is used as a first level signal;
the controller main loop comprises switching tubes Q9 and Q10 and a resistor R19; in the controller main loop:
the drain of the switch tube Q10 is connected to the negative terminal of the internal capacitor, the source thereof is connected to the drain of the switch tube Q9 and the ground terminal of the second group of power supply outputs, and the source of the switch tube Q9 is connected to the ground terminal of the first group of power supply outputs through the resistor R19.
2. The direct-current short-circuit protection module for the electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the short-circuit detection circuit unit comprises resistors R11, R12 and R14, an operational amplifier U4 and a diode D2; in the short circuit detection circuit unit:
one end of the resistor R14 is connected with the source electrode of the switching tube Q9, and the other end of the resistor R is connected with the negative input end of the integrated operational amplifier U4; the positive input end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected with the power supply end of the first group output of the power supply through a resistor R12 and is connected with the grounding end of the first group output of the power supply through a resistor R11, and the output end of the operational amplifier U4 outputs a second level signal to the outside through a reversely connected diode D2.
3. The direct-current short-circuit protection module of the electric vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the following output circuit unit comprises operational amplifiers U1, U2 and U3, NPN type triodes Q1, resistors R1, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8 and R9, a capacitor C1 and a diode D1; in the follower output circuit unit:
the positive input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a power supply end of a first group of output of a power supply through a capacitor C1 and a grounding end of the first group of output of the power supply through a resistor R1, the negative input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the negative input end of an operational amplifier U3 and the negative input end of an operational amplifier U2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier U2 through a diode D1;
the negative input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the power supply end of the first group of output of the power supply through a resistor R6 and the grounding end of the first group of output of the power supply through a resistor R7, the positive input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the output end of the operational amplifier U2 through a resistor R8, the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the power supply end of the first group of output of the power supply through a resistor R9 and is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier U3 through a resistor R3;
the positive input end of the operational amplifier U3 is connected with the collector of the triode Q1, the emitter of the triode Q1 is connected with the grounding end of the first group of output of the power supply, and the base of the triode Q1 acquires a first level signal through the resistor R4;
in the following output circuit unit, the output level of the operational amplifier U3 is used as a third level signal, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is also connected with the positive electrode end of the diode D2 in the short circuit detection circuit unit, so that the following output circuit unit can obtain a second level signal.
4. The direct current short circuit protection module for electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the driving circuit unit comprises a first part of functional circuit for driving the switch tube Q9 on the controller main loop, and a second part of functional circuit for driving the switch tube Q10 on the controller main loop;
the first part of functional circuit comprises an NPN type triode Q3, a PNP type triode Q4, resistors R13, R17 and R18 and diodes D3 and D4; in the first partial functional circuit:
the base electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the power supply end output by the first group of power supply through a resistor R13, the collector electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the power supply end output by the first group of power supply, the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 is connected with the negative electrode end of a diode D4, the positive electrode end of the diode D4 is connected with the grid electrode of a switch tube Q9, and a resistor R17 is connected in parallel with the two ends of the diode D4;
the base electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q3 in parallel and then is connected to the follow-up output circuit unit of the front stage to receive the third level signal, and the collector electrode of the triode Q4 is connected with the grounding end of the first group of output of the power supply;
the negative pole end of the diode D3 is connected with the grid electrode of the switch tube Q9, the positive pole end of the diode D3 is connected with the source electrode of the switch Q9, and the resistor R18 is connected with the two ends of the diode D3 in parallel.
5. The direct-current short-circuit protection module for the electric vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the second part of the functional circuit comprises a PNP type triode Q8, resistors R26, R27, R28, R29 and R30, diodes D7 and D9, a light emitting diode LED2, capacitors C6 and C7, and an optical coupler U5; the second part of the functional circuit comprises:
the first end of the input side of the optical coupler U5 is connected with a power supply end of the first group output of the power supply and one end of a connecting capacitor C6 through a resistor R26, the second end of the input side of the optical coupler U5 is connected with the other end of the capacitor C6 and an intermediate functional circuit, the conduction condition of the intermediate functional circuit is determined based on the working condition of the first part of functional circuits,
the first end of the output side of the optocoupler U5 is connected with the base electrode of the triode Q8, the second end of the output side of the optocoupler U5 is connected with the grounding end of the second group output of the module power supply and one end of an output coil in the two-way switch power supply unit, the other end of the output coil is connected with the positive end of a diode D9, and the negative end of the diode D9 is connected with the second end of the output side of the optocoupler U5 through a capacitor C7;
the emitter of the transistor Q8 is connected with the negative terminal of the diode D9 and the base thereof through the resistor R28, the collector of the transistor Q8 is connected with the grid of the switch tube Q10 through the resistor R29,
the cathode end of the diode D7 is connected with the grid of the switch tube Q10, the anode end of the diode D7 is connected with the grounding end of the second group output of the module power supply, the resistor R30 is connected with the two ends of the diode D7 in parallel,
the positive end of the light-emitting diode LED2 is connected with the grounding end of the second group output of the module power supply, and the negative end of the light-emitting diode LED2 is connected with the negative end of the diode D9 through the resistor R27.
6. The electric vehicle DC short-circuit protection module according to claim 5,
the intermediate function circuit specifically comprises NPN triodes Q5, Q6 and Q7, resistors R15, R16, R21, R22, R23 and R25, capacitors C3 and C4, a diode D5 and a light-emitting diode LED1; in the intermediate function circuit,
the collector of the triode Q5 is connected with the cathode end of the light-emitting diode LED1 through a resistor R15, the anode end of the light-emitting diode LED1 is connected with the power supply end output by the first group of power supply,
the emitter of the triode Q5 and the emitter of the triode Q6 are connected in parallel and are connected with the grounding end of the first group of output of the power supply, the base electrode of the triode Q5 is connected with the emitter of the triode Q3 in the first part of functional circuit through a resistor R16,
the base electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q7 and the emitter electrode of the triode Q3 in the first part of functional circuit through a resistor R25, the collector electrode of the triode Q6 is connected with the second end of the input side of the optocoupler U5,
the emitter of the triode Q7 is connected with the grounding end of the first group of outputs of the power supply, the base of the triode Q7 is connected with the grounding end of the first group of outputs of the power supply through a resistor R23 and a resistor R22,
the junction between the circuit R23 and the resistor R22 is also connected with one end of a resistor R21, the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with the cathode end of a diode D5, the anode end of the diode D5 is connected with the drain electrode of a switching tube Q9 in the first part of functional circuit,
and after the capacitors C3 and C4 are connected in parallel, one end of the capacitor is connected with the negative electrode end of the diode D5, and the other end of the capacitor is connected with the grounding end of the first group of power supply output.
7. The electric vehicle DC short-circuit protection module according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
the working power supply provided by the two-way switch power supply unit is 12V in two ways.
8. The electric vehicle dc short-circuit protection module of claim 7, wherein the input voltage of the two-way switching power supply unit is 15 to 120 volts.
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| CN103066822A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2013-04-24 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | Power supply starting circuit |
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| CN111007434A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-14 | 深圳万讯自控股份有限公司 | Output short circuit detection protection circuit and method |
| CN111431141A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-17 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Short-circuit protection circuit |
| CN111711162A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-09-25 | 河北领界电子科技有限公司 | Short-circuit protection circuit |
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- 2021-01-29 CN CN202110123382.7A patent/CN112909890B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103066822A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2013-04-24 | 南京德朔实业有限公司 | Power supply starting circuit |
| CN209658957U (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-11-19 | 苏州杰跃飞电子科技有限公司 | Twin load circuit driving protection control module |
| CN111007434A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-14 | 深圳万讯自控股份有限公司 | Output short circuit detection protection circuit and method |
| CN111431141A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-17 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | Short-circuit protection circuit |
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