CN112904476A - D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection - Google Patents

D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112904476A
CN112904476A CN202110146370.6A CN202110146370A CN112904476A CN 112904476 A CN112904476 A CN 112904476A CN 202110146370 A CN202110146370 A CN 202110146370A CN 112904476 A CN112904476 A CN 112904476A
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temperature
refractive index
photonic crystal
crystal fiber
air
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余志华
陈澳
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China University of Geosciences
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China University of Geosciences
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/032Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with non solid core or cladding
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/3537Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
    • G01D5/3538Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself using a particular type of fiber, e.g. fibre with several cores, PANDA fiber, fiber with an elliptic core or the like
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02342Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
    • G02B6/02371Cross section of longitudinal structures is non-circular
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/0239Comprising means for varying the guiding properties, e.g. tuning means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a D-shaped photonic crystal optical fiber for detecting temperature and refractive index. Photonic crystal fiber, including the optic fibre body, the cross-section of optic fibre body is "D" shape structure, and its one side is equipped with along the throwing mill flour that its axial set up, just throw mill flour upper berth and be equipped with first gold rete, the optic fibre body includes cladding and fibre core, be equipped with in the cladding along the optic fibre body axial runs through the setting and follows the radial first air vent group, second air vent group and the third air vent group that distributes in proper order of optic fibre body, second air vent group intussuseption is filled with temperature sensitive material. The D-shaped photonic crystal fiber can realize double detection of the temperature and the refractive index of the liquid to be detected, and has high sensitivity.

Description

D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a D-shaped photonic crystal optical fiber for detecting temperature and refractive index.
Background
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is an optical phenomenon in which electrons density oscillations are excited at a metal-dielectric interface by p-polarized light or transverse magnetic waves. Compared with prism-based SPR sensors such as traditional prism structures, the SPR sensor based on the optical fiber or Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) has the advantages of small volume, high integration level, low cost and the like, and has great potential in the fields of real-time, remote sensing and distributed measurement.
The photonic crystal fiber is an open-design fiber, and can flexibly control the light wave mode, the light field distribution and the light field area transmitted in the fiber by designing the internal microstructure and the material composition. The flexible design of the photonic crystal fiber provides unique optical characteristics, and the existence of the air holes provides possibility for inserting functional materials, so that the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal fiber can be adjusted. In recent years, SPR sensors based on PCF have been widely proposed for use. In particular, the D-shaped PCF-SPR sensor is a surface of interest because the incident light can be coupled from the polished D-shaped PCF as a metal film covering the polished D-shaped PCF. They have been used to measure refractive index, temperature, biochemistry, magnetic fields, pressure and other applications.
However, in practical applications, it is difficult to protect the detection from external influences due to cross sensitivity of temperature. Multiple sensing is the most effective method of dealing with cross-sensitivity and measuring multiple parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection.
The invention provides a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection, which comprises a fiber body, wherein the cross section of the fiber body is of an inverted D-shaped structure, one side of the fiber body is provided with a polishing and grinding surface arranged along the axial direction of the fiber body, a first gold film layer is paved on the polishing and grinding surface, the fiber body comprises a cladding and a fiber core, a first air hole group, a second air hole group and a third air hole group are arranged in the cladding, the first air hole group, the second air hole group and the third air hole group are arranged in the cladding in a penetrating manner along the axial direction of the fiber body and are sequentially distributed along the radial direction of the fiber body, and temperature-sensitive substances are filled.
Furthermore, the first air hole group comprises a plurality of first air holes, and the plurality of first air holes are respectively arranged along the circumferential direction of the fiber core at intervals and are symmetrically distributed along the central line of the fiber core.
Furthermore, the first air holes are round holes, nine first air holes are arranged, the aperture of each first air hole is 1.6 μm, and the distance between every two adjacent first air holes is 2.3 μm.
Furthermore, the second air holes are of an elliptical structure, the number of the second air holes is two, the two second air holes are symmetrically distributed along the center line of the fiber core, the second air hole on the right side is filled with temperature-sensitive substances, the long axis of each second air hole is 1.6 microns, and the short axis of each second air hole is 0.8 microns.
Further, the temperature-sensitive substance is ethanol liquid, and a second gold film layer is paved on the inner wall of the second air hole on the right side.
Further, the thickness of the second gold film layer is 70 nm.
Furthermore, the number of the third air holes is four, the four third air holes are distributed along the center line of the fiber core in a rectangular array, and the aperture of each third air hole is 0.8 μm.
Further, the substrate material of the optical fiber body is a silicon dioxide material, and the diameter of the substrate material is 12.65 μm.
Further, the thickness of the first gold film layer is 40 nm.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber can realize double detection of the temperature and the refractive index of the liquid to be detected, and has high sensitivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a graph of the effective refractive index of an X-polarized photonic crystal fiber, the effective refractive index of a plasmon mode and the core loss respectively plotted against the wavelength for an embodiment of the present invention at an analyte refractive index of 1.37 and a temperature of 20 ℃;
FIG. 2(b) is a graph of the effective refractive index of a Y-polarized photonic crystal fiber, the effective refractive index of a plasmon mode and the core loss respectively plotted against the wavelength for an embodiment of the present invention at an analyte refractive index of 1.37 and a temperature of 20 ℃;
FIG. 3(a) is a graph of temperature versus core loss for photonic crystal fibers in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3(b) is a graph of refractive index versus core loss for photonic crystal fibers in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a graph showing the wavelength dependence of the amplitude sensitivity of the detected temperature of a photonic crystal fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the refractive index amplitude sensitivity of photonic crystal fibers according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a graph showing the loss curve of a photonic crystal fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention when the external refractive index is changed in the X-polarization state;
FIG. 5(b) is a graph showing the loss curve of the photonic crystal fiber according to the embodiment of the present invention when the temperature is changed in the Y polarization state.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection, including a fiber body 10, where a cross section of the fiber body 10 is an inverted "D" shaped structure, and includes a cladding 13 and a fiber core, a first air hole group, a second air hole group, and a third air hole group are disposed in the cladding 13, and are axially disposed along the fiber body 10 and sequentially distributed along a radial direction of the fiber body 10, where the first air hole group includes a plurality of first air holes 20, the first air holes 20 are respectively disposed at intervals along a circumferential direction of the fiber core and symmetrically distributed along a center line of the fiber core, the second air hole group includes two second air holes 21, the third air hole group includes a plurality of third air holes 22, and both the two second air holes 21 and the plurality of third air holes 22 are symmetrically distributed along the center line of the fiber core, and the second air hole 21 on the right side is filled with a temperature sensitive material 30, one side of the optical fiber body 10 is provided with a polishing and grinding surface 11 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body, and a first gold film layer 12 is paved on the polishing and grinding surface 11.
In the present invention, the substrate material of the optical fiber body 10 is a silica material, and the diameter thereof is 12.65 μm. The first air holes 20 and the third air holes 22 are both circular hole structures, the second air holes 21 are elliptical structures, the elliptical configuration of the second air holes is beneficial to reducing the interference problem of two polarization states, and optimally, 9 first air holes 20 are provided, the aperture of each first air hole 20 is 1.6 mu m, the excitation efficiency of light incident to the metal layer is facilitated, the distance between every two adjacent first air holes 20 is 2.3 mu m, the long axis of each second air hole 21 is 1.6 mu m, the short axis of each second air hole 21 is 0.8 mu m, 4 third air holes 22 are provided, the third air holes are distributed along the center line of the fiber core in a rectangular array mode, and the aperture of each third air hole is 0.8 mu m. The thickness of the first gold film layer 12 is 40nm, the first gold film layer 12 is a gold nano layer, and gold is used as a plasma excitation material, so that the sensitivity and the stability are good. In the invention, the temperature sensitive substance 30 is an ethanol liquid, the refractive index of the ethanol liquid changes with the temperature, the total reflection phenomenon and the plasma resonance are favorably excited, and the temperature sensitive ethanol liquid is filled in the second air hole 21, so that the temperature can be sensed.
In the above embodiment, the second gold film layer 23 is laid on the inner wall of the second air hole 21 on the right side.
In the invention, the thickness of the second gold film layer 23 is 70nm, the second gold film layer 23 is a gold nano layer, and gold is used as a plasma excitation material, so that the invention has good sensitivity and stability.
The photonic crystal fiber can realize the refractive index measurement of an analysis liquid with the refractive index range of 1.35-1.40 and the temperature measurement of 20-60 ℃.
The photonic crystal fiber is put into an object to be measured, a wavelength modulation method is adopted, the wavelength variation range is 525 nm-750 nm, mode analysis is carried out on the photonic crystal fiber by utilizing computation software based on full vector Finite Element Method (FEM) COMSOL Multiphysics, the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal fiber is solved, and then the mode field loss is computed according to a limit loss formula.
As shown in fig. 2(a), the correspondence between the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal fiber and the effective refractive index of the SPP mode and the wavelength in the case of X polarization is shown in fig. 2, and it is understood that in the wavelength range of 550nm to 750nm, when the refractive index of the analysis liquid is 1.37 and the temperature is 20 ℃, plasmon resonance occurs in the vicinity of 662nm, which indicates that the core loss reaches the peak value when the effective refractive index curve of the photonic crystal fiber and the effective refractive index of the plasmon mode are equal to each other in the case of X polarization.
As shown in fig. 2(b), the correspondence between the effective refractive index of the photonic crystal fiber and the effective refractive index of the SPP mode and the wavelength in the case of Y polarization is shown, and as can be seen from fig. 2(b), in the wavelength range of 550nm to 750nm, when the refractive index of the analysis liquid is 1.37 and the temperature is 20 ℃, plasmon resonance occurs in the vicinity of 672nm, which indicates that the core loss reaches the peak value when the effective refractive index curve of the photonic crystal fiber and the effective refractive index of the plasmon mode are equal to each other in Y polarization.
As shown in fig. 3(a), when the temperature is detected, the refractive index of the ethanol liquid increases with the increase of the ambient temperature, resulting in a red shift of the X-polarization resonance peak. The formant intensity gradually increases. The corresponding resonance wavelength was changed from 662nm to around 705 nm.
As shown in fig. 3(b), when the refractive index of the liquid to be measured changes from 1.35 to 1.40. The formant or the phase matching point moves to the long wave direction, and the intensity of the formant gradually increases with the increase of the refractive index of the liquid to be measured. The corresponding resonance wavelength was changed from 625nm to 822 nm. From the formulae and, it can be found that the obtained temperature wavelength sensitivity and refractive index wavelength sensitivity were 1.075nm/RIU and 3940 nm/RIU.
As shown in FIGS. 4(a) and (b), the photonic crystal fiber of the present invention showed amplitude sensitivities of 125.42, 136.43, 142.64 and 152.23RIU at resonance wavelengths 685, 690, 700 and 715nm corresponding to analyte temperature regions of 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, 30 ℃ to 40 ℃, 40 ℃ to 50 ℃ and 50 ℃ to 60 ℃, respectively-1. Similarly, the photonic crystal fibers of the present invention have refractive index amplitude sensitivities of 156.89, 241.04, 315.69, 401.54 and 539.42RIU at wavelengths of 650, 675, 710, 755 and 825nm, respectively-1. Furthermore, 152.23RIU was achieved at 715nm when the analyte temperature was varied from 50 ℃ to 60 ℃-1The maximum amplitude sensitivity of 539.42RIU was achieved at 825nm when the analyte refractive index was varied from 1.39 to 1.40-1Maximum amplitude sensitivity of (c).
Fig. 5(a) shows that the refractive index of the liquid to be measured is changed in the X-polarization state, and the loss peak hardly changes.
FIG. 5(b) shows the following. Under the Y polarization state, the temperature of the external environment is changed, and the resonance wavelength corresponding to the peak value is almost not changed, so that the detection temperature and the refractive index of the sensor are independent.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a D shape photonic crystal optic fibre for temperature and refracting index are surveyed, a serial communication port, including optic fibre body (10), the cross-section of optic fibre body (10) is for falling "D" shape structure, and its one side is equipped with along polishing grinding surface (11) of its axial setting, just polishing grinding surface (11) upper berth is equipped with first gold rete (12), optic fibre body (10) are including cladding (13) and fibre core, be equipped with in cladding (13) and follow optic fibre body (10) axial runs through the setting and follows first air vent group, second air vent group and the third air vent group that optic fibre body (10) radially distributed in proper order, second air vent group intussuseption is filled with temperature sensitive material (30).
2. The D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection according to claim 1, wherein the first air hole group comprises a plurality of first air holes (20), and the plurality of first air holes (20) are respectively arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the core and symmetrically distributed along the center line of the core.
3. The D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection according to claim 2, wherein the first air holes (20) are circular holes, nine of the circular holes are provided, the aperture diameter of the circular holes is 1.6 μm, and the distance between two adjacent first air holes (20) is 2.3 μm.
4. The D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection according to claim 1, wherein the second air holes (21) are of an elliptical structure, two air holes are provided, the two air holes (21) are symmetrically distributed along the center line of the fiber core, the second air hole (21) on the right side is filled with a temperature sensitive material (30), the major axis of the second air hole (21) is 1.6 μm, and the minor axis of the second air hole is 0.8 μm.
5. The D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection according to claim 4, wherein the temperature sensitive material (30) is an ethanol liquid, and a second gold film layer (23) is laid on the inner wall of the second air hole (21) on the right side.
6. The D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the second gold film layer (23) is 70 nm.
7. The D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection according to claim 1, wherein the third air holes (22) are circular holes, four of the third air holes are provided, the four third air holes (22) are distributed along the center line of the fiber core in a rectangular array, and the diameter of the third air holes (22) is 0.8 μm.
8. The D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection according to claim 1, wherein the substrate material of the fiber body (10) is a silica material with a diameter of 12.65 μm.
9. The D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first gold film layer (12) is 40 nm.
CN202110146370.6A 2021-02-03 2021-02-03 D-shaped photonic crystal fiber for temperature and refractive index detection Pending CN112904476A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110907399A (en) * 2019-11-20 2020-03-24 河北科技大学 Photonic crystal fiber structure and refractive index sensor
CN113483793A (en) * 2021-07-03 2021-10-08 桂林电子科技大学 Dual-parameter SPR sensor based on dual-polarization D-type photonic crystal fiber
CN113514423A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-19 泰山学院 Plasma resonance refractive index sensor based on notch type D-type photonic crystal fiber
CN114088136A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-02-25 哈尔滨工程大学 Temperature and humidity double-parameter sensor and preparation method and application thereof
CN114112173A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-03-01 西南科技大学 Photonic crystal fiber pressure sensor and measuring method thereof
CN114152287A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-08 北京邮电大学 Optical fiber sensor capable of simultaneously measuring double parameters
CN116661052A (en) * 2023-06-01 2023-08-29 华北理工大学 D-type micro-structure optical fiber with large tolerance sensing function and preparation method thereof

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CN110907399A (en) * 2019-11-20 2020-03-24 河北科技大学 Photonic crystal fiber structure and refractive index sensor
CN111929763A (en) * 2020-08-05 2020-11-13 电子科技大学 quasi-D type photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasma
CN111983749A (en) * 2020-09-14 2020-11-24 河北科技大学 D-type microstructure optical fiber temperature sensor based on surface plasma enhancement mechanism
CN111999264A (en) * 2020-07-17 2020-11-27 中国地质大学(武汉) Biochemical sensor based on D-type photonic crystal fiber

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US20050111804A1 (en) * 2003-03-07 2005-05-26 Anders Bjarklev Composite material photonic crystal fibres, method of production and its use
CN110907399A (en) * 2019-11-20 2020-03-24 河北科技大学 Photonic crystal fiber structure and refractive index sensor
CN110823841A (en) * 2019-11-27 2020-02-21 桂林电子科技大学 D-type photonic crystal fiber multi-parameter SPR sensor based on magneto-optical effect
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110907399A (en) * 2019-11-20 2020-03-24 河北科技大学 Photonic crystal fiber structure and refractive index sensor
CN113514423A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-19 泰山学院 Plasma resonance refractive index sensor based on notch type D-type photonic crystal fiber
CN113514423B (en) * 2021-06-30 2024-02-06 泰山学院 Cut-hole type D-type photonic crystal fiber-based plasma resonance refractive index sensor
CN113483793A (en) * 2021-07-03 2021-10-08 桂林电子科技大学 Dual-parameter SPR sensor based on dual-polarization D-type photonic crystal fiber
CN114088136A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-02-25 哈尔滨工程大学 Temperature and humidity double-parameter sensor and preparation method and application thereof
CN114112173A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-03-01 西南科技大学 Photonic crystal fiber pressure sensor and measuring method thereof
CN114088136B (en) * 2021-11-16 2024-03-26 哈尔滨工程大学 Temperature and humidity double-parameter sensor and preparation method and application thereof
CN114152287A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-08 北京邮电大学 Optical fiber sensor capable of simultaneously measuring double parameters
CN116661052A (en) * 2023-06-01 2023-08-29 华北理工大学 D-type micro-structure optical fiber with large tolerance sensing function and preparation method thereof
CN116661052B (en) * 2023-06-01 2024-03-15 华北理工大学 D-type micro-structure optical fiber with large tolerance sensing function and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20210604