CN112161951A - Detection device based on photonic crystal fiber outer surface plasma resonance sensor - Google Patents
Detection device based on photonic crystal fiber outer surface plasma resonance sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112161951A CN112161951A CN202011064749.4A CN202011064749A CN112161951A CN 112161951 A CN112161951 A CN 112161951A CN 202011064749 A CN202011064749 A CN 202011064749A CN 112161951 A CN112161951 A CN 112161951A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/255—Details, e.g. use of specially adapted sources, lighting or optical systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
- G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N2021/258—Surface plasmon spectroscopy, e.g. micro- or nanoparticles in suspension
Abstract
The invention provides a detection device based on a photonic crystal fiber outer surface plasma resonance sensor, which comprises: the device comprises a light source (1), a fiber isolator (2), a fiber polarization controller (3), a fiber sensing probe (4), a detection container (5) and a spectrum analyzer (6); the light source (1) is connected with the optical fiber isolator (2); the optical fiber isolator (2) is connected with the optical fiber polarization controller (3); the optical fiber polarization controller (3) is connected with the detection container (5); the optical fiber sensing probe (4) is connected with the detection container (5); the spectrum analyzer (6) is connected with the detection container (5). The invention also has higher real-time detection efficiency and sensitivity and simpler and more convenient preparation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a detection device based on a photonic crystal fiber outer surface plasma resonance sensor.
Background
The optical fiber sensing technology is a sensing technology which takes optical fibers as external environment variables and transmits information carriers. Compared with the traditional electrical sensing means, the optical fiber sensing has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, high sensitivity, high reliability, easiness in distributed monitoring, long-distance monitoring and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of environment monitoring, biosensing, structure detection and the like. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), in which when p-polarized incident light emitted from a light source reaches a certain specific incident angle, evanescent waves generated at a medium interface interact with electrons on a metal Surface, thereby exciting Surface Plasmon waves propagating along the Surface of a metal film. When the wave vectors of the evanescent wave and the surface plasma wave are matched, most of the light wave energy meeting the resonance condition is absorbed by metal surface electrons, and reflected light or transmitted light energy is rapidly attenuated at a detection end, which is called a surface plasma resonance phenomenon. Based on the characteristic that the resonance wavelength of the material is extremely sensitive to the tiny change of the refractive index of an external medium, the material has important application in the fields of life detection, environmental science and the like. Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) are a new generation of Optical fibers based on Photonic Crystal theory, in which the cladding is a two-dimensional Photonic Crystal with linear defects formed by periodically distributed air holes, as compared to conventional Optical fibers, and is also called micro-structured Optical Fiber (MOF). The optical fiber has the characteristics of flexible and adjustable dispersion, greatly adjustable effective mode field area, high nonlinearity, high birefringence and the like, and has wide application potential in the optical fiber optical fields of optical fiber sensing, optical fiber lasers and the like. According to the classification of light guiding mechanism, the types of the Photonic crystal fiber can be classified into Total Internal Reflection type Photonic crystal fiber (Total Internal Reflection PCF) and Photonic band gap type Photonic crystal fiber (Photonic band gap PCF). The existing SPR sensor based on the single mode fiber has the defects of large coupling loss, weak polarization maintaining performance, cross sensitivity and the like, and the performance and the application range of the SPR sensor are limited; on the other hand, the SPR sensor based on PCF mostly adopts a mode of filling detection liquid in air holes, which results in high preparation difficulty, high process requirements and low detection efficiency. Meanwhile, a plurality of solution channels are mutually interfered, so that the SPR formant curve is widened, the signal-to-noise ratio of the final system is reduced, and the like.
Patent document CN108918430B discloses a photonic crystal fiber humidity sensor based on GQDs-PVA compound and a preparation method thereof. The photonic crystal fiber convex cone type humidity sensing structure is characterized in that two ends of a section of photonic crystal fiber are respectively welded with a section of single mode fiber, the outer surface of the photonic crystal fiber is plated with a GQDs-PVA composite film, and the thickness of the film is less than 4.45 mu m. The mass ratio of the GQDs-PVA compound is 15-18 of the PVA: GQDs. There is still room for improvement in structure and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a detection device based on a photonic crystal fiber outer surface plasma resonance sensor.
The invention provides a detection device based on a photonic crystal fiber outer surface plasma resonance sensor, which comprises: the system comprises a high-energy supercontinuum broadband light source 1, an optical fiber isolator 2, an optical fiber polarization controller 3, an optical fiber sensing probe 4, a detection container 5 and a spectrum analyzer 6;
the light source 1 is connected with the optical fiber isolator 2;
the optical fiber isolator 2 is connected with an optical fiber polarization controller 3;
the optical fiber polarization controller 3 is connected with the detection container 5;
the optical fiber sensing probe 4 is connected with the detection container 5;
the spectrum analyzer 6 is connected to the detection container 5.
Preferably, the light source 1 is a supercontinuum broadband light source with energy greater than a set threshold.
Preferably, the light source 1 comprises any one or more of the following:
-a semiconductor laser;
-a solid state laser.
Preferably, the optical fiber isolator 2 is a type of THORLABS IO-J-1550APC optical fiber isolator.
Preferably, the optical fiber polarization controller 3 adopts a fiber polarization controller with the model number of Newport F-POL-PT-FCAPC.
Preferably, the optical fiber sensing probe 4 adopts an optical fiber sensing probe whose basic structure is a metal-coated high-birefringence photonic crystal fiber with an outer cladding detection groove.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: a solution tank 7;
the solution tank 7 is a symmetrical solution tank arranged in the longitudinal axis direction of the outer cladding of the optical fiber;
the longitudinal axis direction of the optical fiber outer cladding is provided with a symmetrical solution tank for detecting liquid,
the groove size of the solution groove 7 is 57.5 μm, and the distance from the core of the solution groove 7 is 4.66 μm.
Preferably, the solution tank 7 comprises: an outer cladding;
the inner side of the rectangular groove of the outer cladding layer close to the fiber core direction comprises: a metal plating layer;
the number of the metal coatings is 2;
the bottom layer of the metal coating is a gold coating 10, and the thickness of the gold coating 10 is 40 nm;
the upper layer of the metal coating is a titanium oxide coating 11, and the corresponding thickness of the metal coating is 40 nm.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: pure quartz 12, birefringent air hole structure 13 around fiber core
The duty ratios of the pure quartz 12 are respectively 80%;
the duty cycles of the birefringent air hole structures 13 around the fiber cores are 55% respectively;
the hole pitch 16 between the pure silica 12 and the birefringent air hole structure 13 around the core is 3 μm.
Preferably, the spectrum analyzer 6 is a spectrum analyzer with model number YOKOGAWA-AQ 6370D.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention utilizes the outer cladding to polish and grind to form a large-area detection area, the inner cladding large and small capillaries are stacked to form the optical fiber probe with a high birefringence structure, the real-time detection of high sensitivity and solution refractive index is realized, through the flow of the solution on the outer surface of the probe, when the solution refractive index is changed, the SPR wavelength can generate red shift or blue shift, and the offset of the corresponding wavelength is observed at a spectrum analyzer;
2. the photonic crystal fiber outer surface based plasma resonance sensor and the real-time detection system not only have the excellent characteristics of electrical insulation, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like of the conventional surface plasma fiber and photonic crystal fiber sensors, but also have higher real-time detection efficiency and sensitivity and simpler and more convenient preparation process;
3. the invention has reasonable structure and convenient use and can overcome the defects of the prior art.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber optic sensor and real-time detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an end face structure of a photonic crystal fiber in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dual-coated film and birefringent zones in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the change of the transmission spectrum of the sensor when the refractive index of the substance to be detected is gradually changed from 1.35 to 1.38 in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
Gold plating 10 of fiber optic isolator 2
Optical fiber polarization controller 3 titanium oxide coating 11
Optical fiber sensing probe 4 pure quartz 12
Birefringent air hole structure 13 around fiber core of detection container 5
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The surface plasma resonance photonic crystal fiber sensor has the advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity and real-time detection. According to the invention, a metal film does not need to be evaporated on the inner wall of the air hole of the optical fiber cladding, and the liquid to be detected does not need to be injected into the air hole of the surface plasma reaction region through a micro-flow pump, so that the preparation process of the sensor is simplified, and the detection time is greatly shortened.
The implementation scheme of the invention is as follows:
a photonic crystal fiber outer surface-based plasma resonance sensor and a real-time detection system mainly comprise a high-energy supercontinuum broadband light source 1, a fiber isolator 2, a fiber polarization controller 3, a fiber sensing probe 4, a detection container 5 and a spectrum analyzer 6, wherein the devices are connected through a single-mode fiber in sequence.
The FC/APC interface of the output optical fiber of the broadband light source 1 is connected with the FC/APC interface of the input end of the optical isolator 2 through a flange plate; the FC/APC interface at the output end of the optical fiber polarization controller 3 is connected with the input port A of the optical fiber probe 4 through a flange plate; the FC/APC joint of the port B at the output end of the optical fiber probe 4 is connected with the input port of the optical spectrum analyzer 6. The numerical aperture of the optical fiber jumper of the FC/APC interface is about 0.13, the diameter of the single-mode optical fiber cladding is 125 +/-1.0 mu m, and the return loss is more than or equal to 55 dB.
The optical fiber probe adopts a high-birefringence photonic crystal optical fiber structure based on an inner layer, a trapezoidal detection area formed by polishing and grinding the outer layer, the background material of the optical fiber probe is pure quartz 12, a fiber core is a solid core structure, a cladding area in the fiber core is a birefringence structure 13, air holes prepared by two capillaries with different sizes are respectively adopted, the hole spacing 16 is 3 mu m, and the duty ratio is 80% and 55% respectively.
The outer cladding of the optical fiber probe is a trapezoidal groove formed by polishing and grinding the surface, the groove depth is 57.5 mu m, the distance from the fiber core is 4.66 mu m, and the side, close to the fiber core, of the detection groove is plated with gold 10 and a titanium oxide 11 film. The detection liquid is filled in the outer cladding layer and the peripheral area of the optical fiber probe; and plating a gold film 10 with the thickness of 40nm and a titanium oxide film 11 with the thickness of 40nm on the bottom of the detection tank by adopting a liquid phase chemical deposition technology or an ion sputtering technology.
Specifically, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a high-sensitivity photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance and a detection system implemented by the same mainly include: the system comprises a high-energy supercontinuum broadband light source 1, an optical isolator 2, an optical fiber polarization controller 3, an optical fiber sensing probe 4, a detection container 5 and a spectrum analyzer 6, wherein the devices are connected through a single mode fiber in sequence.
The working process of the invention is as follows: continuous detection signal light that high energy supercontinuum broadband light source 1 produced, through single mode fiber transmission, through optoisolator 2 and 3 controls of optic fibre polarization controller, make the light polarization state fixed P type polarized light, later through the ring flange coupling to the optical fiber probe 4 in, the optical fiber probe is arranged in detecting container 5, is full of the liquid that awaits measuring in the container, has the optical signal of the liquid information that awaits measuring in the optical fiber probe, through optical fiber probe tail end jumper transmission to spectral analysis appearance 6 in. Based on the inner cladding layer high birefringence structure design, leakage of a transmission fundamental mode in the P direction of the fiber core is enhanced, so that evanescent waves are generated at the interface of the metal film at the bottom of the outer cladding layer detection groove and quartz, regular oscillation of free electrons on the metal surface is further caused, and surface plasma waves are formed. When the two wave vectors are matched, the energy transfer of the fiber core is realized based on the SPR effect, and the peak value of the absorption peak mainly represented as SPR at the detection end is increased sharply. When the liquid to be detected in the detection container 5 is changed along with the test requirement, the optical fiber probe does not need to be replaced due to the adoption of the outer surface reaction design, and the dynamic change of factors such as the solution refractive index and the like, such as biochemical substance detection, can be directly detected in real time through the spectrum analyzer 6.
The end face structure of the optical fiber probe 4 of the present invention is shown in fig. 2 and 3, which are an overall probe end face structure diagram and an SPR effect region diagram, respectively. The outer diameter of the optical fiber probe 4 is 125 +/-10.0 mu m, and is matched with the outer diameter of the common single-mode optical fiber SMF-28E, so that the loss caused by mode mismatch can be effectively avoided. The polarization direction of the optical fiber P is symmetrically polished to form a trapezoidal detection groove 7, and the distance from the trapezoidal detection groove to the fiber core of the optical fiber P is controlled to be 4.6-4.7 mu m. The bottom of the groove is plated with a gold film and a titanium oxide film by a liquid phase chemical deposition technology or an ion sputtering technology, the thickness of the film layer is strictly controlled between 35nm and 45nm, the root mean square of the roughness of the surface of the film is less than or equal to 5nm, and the proportion between air holes of the birefringent structure is controlled to be 68.75 percent +/-5 percent.
When the frequency of incident photons is matched with the collective oscillation frequency of free electrons on the surface of metal, resonance occurs, so that the energy of the fiber core of the optical fiber is transferred to the metal film, the loss is intensified, and the limiting loss is as follows:
wherein λ is the incident wavelength in μm; alpha is alphalossIs the fiber transmission confinement loss in dB/cm, and Imneff is the imaginary effective index of the fundamental mode of the core transmission.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the type of the optical isolator is THORLABS IO-J-1550APC, and the type of the optical fiber polarization controller is Newport F-POL-PT-FCAPC; the diameter of the optical fiber probe is 125 μm, the thicknesses of the gold film and the titanium oxide film are both 40nm, and the depth of the detection groove is 57.5 μm; the refractive index range is 1.35-1.38; the fusion splicer model of the optical fiber jumper connection at the two ends of the optical fiber probe 4 is as follows: FSM-100P;
when the refractive index of the liquid to be measured changes by delta n, the corresponding wavelength of the trough in the transmission spectrum generates corresponding red shift or blue shift delta lambda, and the sensitivity S can be calculated by using the following formula:
as shown in fig. 4, when the refractive index of the solution to be measured gradually changes from 1.35 to 1.38, that is, the Δ n step is 0.01, the surface plasmon resonance peak is red-shifted, and the corresponding Δ λ is 120nm, 80nm and 80nm, that is, the corresponding wavelength sensitivities are: 12000nm/RIU, 8000nm/RIU and 8000nm/RIU, and its average wavelength sensitivity is 9333 nm/RIU.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A detection device based on a photonic crystal fiber outer surface plasma resonance sensor is characterized by comprising: a light source (1), a fiber isolator (2), a fiber polarization controller (3), a fiber sensing probe (4), a detection container (5) and a spectrum analyzer (6)
The light source (1) is connected with the optical fiber isolator (2);
the optical fiber isolator (2) is connected with the optical fiber polarization controller (3);
the optical fiber polarization controller (3) is connected with the detection container (5);
the optical fiber sensing probe (4) is connected with the detection container (5);
the spectrum analyzer (6) is connected with the detection container (5).
2. The detection device based on the photonic crystal fiber external surface plasmon resonance sensor according to claim 1, wherein the light source (1) adopts a supercontinuum broadband light source with energy greater than a set threshold value.
3. The detection device based on the photonic crystal fiber external surface plasmon resonance sensor according to claim 2, wherein the light source (1) comprises any one or more of the following light sources:
-a semiconductor laser;
-a solid state laser.
4. The detection device based on the photonic crystal fiber external surface plasmon resonance sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber isolator (2) is a type of THORLABS IO-J-1550APC optical fiber isolator.
5. The detection device based on the photonic crystal fiber external surface plasmon resonance sensor according to claim 1, wherein the fiber polarization controller (3) is a fiber polarization controller with a model number of Newport F-POL-PT-FCAPC.
6. The detection device based on the photonic crystal fiber external surface plasmon resonance sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber sensing probe (4) adopts an optical fiber sensing probe whose basic structure is a metal-coated high birefringence photonic crystal fiber with an outer cladding detection groove.
7. The photonic crystal fiber external surface plasmon resonance sensor-based detection apparatus of claim 6, further comprising: a solution tank (7);
the solution tank (7) is a symmetrical solution tank arranged in the longitudinal axis direction of the optical fiber outer cladding;
the groove size of the solution groove (7) is 57.5 mu m, and the distance from the fiber core of the solution groove (7) is 4.66 mu m.
8. The detection device based on the photonic crystal fiber external surface plasmon resonance sensor according to claim 7, wherein the solution tank (7) comprises: an outer cladding;
the inner side of the rectangular groove of the outer cladding layer close to the fiber core direction comprises: a metal plating layer;
the number of the metal coatings is 2;
the bottom layer of the metal coating is a gold coating (10), and the thickness of the gold coating (10) is 40 nm;
the upper layer of the metal coating is a titanium oxide coating (11), and the corresponding thickness of the metal coating is 40 nm.
9. The photonic crystal fiber external surface plasmon resonance sensor-based detection apparatus of claim 7, further comprising: pure quartz (12), birefringent air hole structure around fiber core (13)
The duty ratios of the pure quartz (12) are respectively 80%;
the duty ratios of the birefringent air hole structures (13) around the fiber cores are respectively 55%;
the hole pitch (16) between the pure quartz (12) and the birefringent air hole structure (13) around the fiber core is 3 μm.
10. The photonic crystal fiber external surface plasmon resonance sensor-based detection apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said spectrum analyzer (6) is a spectrum analyzer with model number YOKOGAWA-AQ 6370D.
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| CN103064145A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-24 | 南京信息工程大学 | Humidity sensing optical fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
| US20130120752A1 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | Kyeong Seok Lee | Fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor and sensing method using the same |
| CN108088798A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-05-29 | 燕山大学 | A kind of microstructured optical fibers |
| CN108872157A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of side polishing open ring type PCF-SPR sensor |
| CN109358038A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-02-19 | 东北石油大学 | Microstructured optical fibers surface plasma body resonant vibration Multifunction Sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN209821048U (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-12-20 | 南京信息工程大学 | Selectable dual-channel optical fiber sensor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20130120752A1 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | Kyeong Seok Lee | Fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor and sensing method using the same |
| CN103064145A (en) * | 2013-01-05 | 2013-04-24 | 南京信息工程大学 | Humidity sensing optical fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108088798A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-05-29 | 燕山大学 | A kind of microstructured optical fibers |
| CN108872157A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-11-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of side polishing open ring type PCF-SPR sensor |
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Application publication date: 20210101 |