CN112903815A - Monitoring method and monitoring system for bridge expansion joint state - Google Patents
Monitoring method and monitoring system for bridge expansion joint state Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
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- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 98
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 95
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 12
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4445—Classification of defects
Abstract
The application discloses a monitoring method and a monitoring system for the state of a bridge expansion joint, which relate to the related technical field of engineering measurement, wherein the monitoring method comprises the steps of collecting a sound signal of the bridge expansion joint under the action of live load; carrying out audio analysis on the sound signal to determine effective characteristic parameters of the sound signal; and determining the state of the bridge expansion joint according to the comparison result of the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signals and the preset value. The sound signal of bridge expansion joint can be gathered in real time to carry out quantitative analysis to sound signal's effective characteristic parameter, can effectively discern the state at bridge expansion joint, carry out early warning feedback for follow-up state according to this bridge expansion joint and provide the basis, with the timeliness of improvement monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of engineering measurement, in particular to a monitoring method and a monitoring system for the state of a bridge expansion joint.
Background
The bridge expansion joint is one of the important parameters for judging the safety of the bridge, and when the bridge expansion joint is abnormal, the bridge structure is easily damaged, and the operation safety of the bridge is influenced. Therefore, the bridge expansion joint needs to be monitored to ensure the operation safety of the bridge.
The existing monitoring method for the bridge expansion joint is manual inspection. The method mainly comprises the step that an inspection worker qualitatively analyzes the structural state of the bridge expansion joint according to the difference between the sound emitted by the bridge expansion joint under the live load action in a normal state and the sound emitted by the bridge expansion joint under the live load action in an abnormal state so as to determine whether the bridge expansion joint needs to be further monitored or maintained. After the monitoring is completed, the inspection personnel need to provide the state of the bridge expansion joint structure to the bridge manager in a report form so as to guide the bridge manager to perform maintenance treatment. Therefore, the manual inspection monitoring method can only carry out periodic inspection, cannot carry out real-time monitoring on the bridge expansion joint, and has poor responsiveness.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a monitoring method of bridge expansion joint state, it can improve artifical patrolling and examining method and only can regularly patrol, can't carry out real-time supervision to the bridge expansion joint, and the poor problem of responsiveness.
Another aim still lies in providing a monitoring system of bridge expansion joint state.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for monitoring a state of a bridge expansion joint, which includes:
collecting sound signals of the bridge expansion joint under the live load effect;
carrying out audio analysis on the sound signal to determine effective characteristic parameters of the sound signal;
and determining the state of the bridge expansion joint according to the comparison result of the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signals and the preset value.
In one possible embodiment, the audio analysis of the sound signal and the determining of the valid characteristic parameter of the sound signal comprises:
signal division: dividing the sound signal into a plurality of segments with equal time intervals, wherein the adjacent segments are partially overlapped;
feature extraction: acquiring a spectrum analysis result of each segment, extracting a plurality of characteristic parameters of the sound signal in a frequency domain according to the spectrum analysis results of all the segments, and determining a characteristic parameter set of the sound signal by the plurality of characteristic parameters;
and (3) feature dimensionality reduction: and calculating the correlation of the characteristic parameters in the characteristic parameter set, and screening out the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signals.
In a possible embodiment, before signal segmentation, the method further comprises constructing a sound signal characterization parameter library; constructing a library of sound signal characterization parameters comprises:
collecting sound signal samples of the bridge expansion joint in a normal state and in abnormal states of different abnormal types;
classifying the sound signal samples; the sound signal sample is divided into a normal state, a bridge expansion joint damage state, a bridge expansion joint extrusion state and other abnormal states of the bridge expansion joint.
In one possible embodiment, in the step of feature extraction, the feature parameters of the feature parameter set include signal strength, duration of a single signal, and number of occurrences of consecutive signals.
In a possible embodiment, the determining the state of the bridge expansion joint according to the comparison result of the effective characteristic parameter of the sound signal and the preset value comprises:
when the effective characteristic parameter of the sound signal is smaller than or equal to a preset value, determining that the state of the bridge expansion joint is a normal state;
when the effective characteristic parameter of the sound signal is larger than a preset value, determining that the state of the bridge expansion joint is an abnormal state;
and when the state of the bridge expansion joint is in an abnormal state, further judging the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint.
In a possible embodiment, after further determining the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint, the method further includes:
and (5) giving an alarm to the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint.
In a possible implementation scheme, after the alarm prompting is carried out on the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint, the method further comprises the following steps:
comparing the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint with the manually monitored abnormal type result; if the two are consistent, continuing to give an alarm; and if the two are inconsistent, the alarm prompt is released.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a monitoring system for a bridge expansion joint state, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring sound signals of the bridge expansion joint under the live load effect;
the audio analysis module is used for carrying out audio analysis on the sound signal and determining effective characteristic parameters of the sound signal;
and the bridge expansion joint state determining module is used for determining the state of the bridge expansion joint according to the comparison result of the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signals and the preset values.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application include at least:
1) this application gathers the sound signal at bridge expansion joint in real time to carry out quantitative analysis to sound signal's effective characteristic parameter, can effectively discern the state at bridge expansion joint, carry out early warning feedback for follow-up state according to this bridge expansion joint and provide the basis, with the timeliness of improvement monitoring.
2) This application is when the state at the bridge expansion joint is abnormal state, can further judge the unusual type at the bridge expansion joint to report to the police the feedback with the unusual type result at the bridge expansion joint, be convenient for guide the bridge management person to make the maintenance to the bridge expansion joint of this unusual type and handle, improve bridge maintenance efficiency.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a method for monitoring a state of a bridge expansion joint according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a monitoring system for monitoring a state of a bridge expansion joint according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a monitoring system for monitoring a state of a bridge expansion joint according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a monitoring system for monitoring a state of a bridge expansion joint according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a monitoring system for monitoring a state of a bridge expansion joint according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present application will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate and not to limit the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" is to be interpreted broadly, e.g. as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
According to one aspect of the application, a method for monitoring the state of a bridge expansion joint is provided. Referring to fig. 1, the method for monitoring the state of the bridge expansion joint comprises the following steps:
and S1, collecting sound signals of the bridge expansion joint under the live load effect.
In one embodiment, the sound sensors are respectively arranged at different positions of the bridge expansion joint, and the sound sensors at different positions form a sound signal acquisition network. Each sound sensor collects sound signals of the bridge expansion joint under the live load effect (that is, vehicles pass through the bridge) according to preset collection parameters and converts the sound signals into electric signals. The acquisition parameters of the sound sensor include sampling interval, single sampling time, sampling frequency and single sampling point number. In this embodiment, the sampling interval is T, the single sampling time is T, the sampling frequency f, and the number N of single sampling points is: and N is f/t.
And S2, carrying out audio analysis on the sound signal, and determining the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signal.
In one embodiment, the audio analysis of the sound signal and the determination of the valid characteristic parameter of the sound signal comprises the following steps:
s21, constructing a sound signal characterization parameter library: the method comprises the steps of collecting sound signal samples of the bridge expansion joint in a normal state and in abnormal states of different abnormal types, representing and classifying the sound signal samples, and dividing the sound signal samples into a normal state, a bridge expansion joint damage state, a bridge expansion joint extrusion state and other abnormal states of the bridge expansion joint.
S22, signal division: the sound signal is divided into a plurality of segments with equal time intervals, and the adjacent segments are partially overlapped. In this embodiment, the sound signal is divided into time intervals tmA plurality of segments of (2), with t disposed between adjacent segmentsmThe overlap area of/2.
S23, feature extraction: and acquiring a spectrum analysis result of each segment, extracting a plurality of characteristic parameters of the sound signal in a frequency domain according to the spectrum analysis results of all the segments, and determining a characteristic parameter set of the sound signal by the plurality of characteristic parameters.
In this embodiment, discrete wavelet transform is performed on the sound signal of each segment to obtain a spectrum analysis result of each segment, the spectrum analysis results of all the segments are compared with a sound signal characteristic parameter library one by one, a plurality of characteristic parameters of the sound signal in a frequency domain are extracted according to the comparison result of the spectrum analysis results of all the segments and the sound signal characteristic parameter library, and a characteristic parameter set of the sound signal is determined by the plurality of characteristic parameters. The set of characteristic parameters of the sound signal comprises characteristic parameters such as signal strength, duration of a single signal and number of occurrences of consecutive signals.
S24, feature dimension reduction: and calculating the correlation of the characteristic parameters in the characteristic parameter set, and screening out the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signals. In this embodiment, according to the magnitude of the correlation of the feature parameters, the feature parameters with smaller correlation are screened out, and the feature parameters with larger correlation are retained, so that the retained feature parameters are the effective feature parameters of the sound signal.
And S3, determining the state of the bridge expansion joint according to the comparison result of the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signals and the preset values.
In one embodiment, the determining the state of the bridge expansion joint according to the comparison result of the effective characteristic parameter of the sound signal and the preset value comprises:
and when the effective characteristic parameter of the sound signal is smaller than or equal to the preset value, determining that the state of the bridge expansion joint is a normal state.
And when the effective characteristic parameter of the sound signal is larger than the preset value, determining that the state of the bridge expansion joint is an abnormal state.
And when the state of the bridge expansion joint is in an abnormal state, further judging the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint. The abnormal state of the bridge expansion joint comprises a bridge expansion joint damage state, a bridge expansion joint extrusion state and other abnormal states of the bridge expansion joint. In this embodiment, when the bridge expansion joint is in different abnormal types, the corresponding sound characterization parameter values in the sound signal characterization parameter library are also different, and the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint can be determined only by comparing the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signal with the corresponding sound characterization parameter values in the sound signal characterization parameter library. When the state of the bridge expansion joint is an abnormal state, the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint can be further judged, so that a bridge manager can be guided to carry out maintenance treatment on the bridge expansion joint of the abnormal type, and the bridge maintenance efficiency is improved.
In one embodiment, after further determining the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint, the method further comprises:
and (5) giving an alarm to the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint. Can remind the bridge manager to make the maintenance decision to this unusual type's bridge expansion joint the very first time through this warning suggestion to further improve maintenance efficiency.
In one embodiment, after the alarm prompting is performed on the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint, the method further comprises the following steps:
comparing the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint with the manually monitored abnormal type result; if the two are consistent, continuing to give an alarm; and if the two are inconsistent, the alarm prompt is released.
In this embodiment, the monitoring engineer further determines the status of the bridge expansion joint according to the sound signal, the video image information or the on-site survey, and compares the result of the manually monitored abnormality type with the result of the above abnormality type. If the two results are consistent, continuing to give an alarm prompt to remind a bridge manager to make a maintenance decision for the abnormal type bridge expansion joint. If the two results are not consistent, the abnormal result is false alarm information, and the alarm prompt is released. The misinformation information can be used as a feedback adjustment quantity of a follow-up monitoring process, and the accuracy of a monitoring result can be improved.
According to one aspect of the application, a monitoring system for a bridge expansion joint state is provided. The monitoring system for the bridge expansion joint state monitors the bridge expansion joint state according to the monitoring method for the bridge expansion joint state in the embodiment.
Referring to fig. 2, the monitoring system for the state of the bridge expansion joint comprises an acquisition module 100, an audio analysis module 200, a bridge expansion joint determination module 300, a bridge expansion joint abnormal type determination module 400 and an alarm module 500. The acquisition module 100 is used for acquiring sound signals of the bridge expansion joint under the live load effect, and the audio analysis module 200 is used for performing audio analysis on the sound signals acquired by the acquisition module 100 and determining effective characteristic parameters of the sound signals. The bridge expansion joint state determining module 300 is configured to determine a state of the bridge expansion joint according to a comparison result between the effective characteristic parameter of the sound signal and a preset value. The module 400 for determining the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint is used to further determine the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint when the state of the bridge expansion joint is abnormal. The abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint comprises three types, namely a bridge expansion joint damage state, a bridge expansion joint extrusion state and other abnormal states of the bridge expansion joint. The alarm module 500 is used for giving an alarm to the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint. The alarm module 500 can remind a bridge manager to make a maintenance decision for the abnormal type bridge expansion joint at the first time, so that the maintenance efficiency is further improved.
In an embodiment, the monitoring system further includes a bridge expansion joint abnormal type auditing module 600, configured to compare the result of the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint with the result of the abnormal type monitored manually, so as to determine whether the result of the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint is accurate. If the bridge expansion joint abnormal type auditing module 600 confirms that the two are consistent, the alarm module 500 continues to give an alarm prompt to remind a bridge manager to make a maintenance decision for the bridge expansion joint of the abnormal type. If the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint is checked by the checking module 600 to be inconsistent, the result of the abnormal type is false alarm information, and the alarm module 500 cancels the alarm prompt. The misinformation information can be used as a feedback adjustment quantity of a follow-up monitoring process, and the accuracy of a monitoring result can be improved. The abnormal type result of manual monitoring is obtained by analyzing sound signals and image information or by field investigation.
Preferably, the bridge expansion joint abnormal type auditing module 600 is further connected with an image acquisition module. The image acquisition module comprises a camera and an image processor, acquires image information of the bridge expansion joint and transmits the image information to the bridge expansion joint abnormal type auditing module 600, so that a monitoring engineer can determine an abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint according to the image information and compare the abnormal type result with the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint.
In one embodiment, the collection module 100, the audio analysis module 200, the bridge expansion joint determination module 300, the bridge expansion joint abnormal type determination module 400, the alarm module 500, and the bridge expansion joint abnormal type auditing module 600 are connected in a communication manner.
The following is an example of a specific implementation structure of the monitoring system for the state of the bridge expansion joint.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the monitoring system is composed of a field acquisition end and a remote monitoring end, the field acquisition end includes a signal acquisition center and a signal transmission center, and the signal acquisition center includes a sound signal acquisition network formed by a plurality of sound sensors and a camera. A plurality of sound sensor arrange in the different positions at bridge expansion joint, and this sound sensor can convert the sound signal who gathers into the signal of telecommunication. The camera is used for collecting image information of the bridge expansion joint.
And the field acquisition end transmits the acquired sound signals and the acquired image information to the remote monitoring end through the signal transmission center. The signal analysis center of the remote monitoring end carries out audio analysis on the received sound signal so as to determine the state of the bridge expansion joint; and when the bridge expansion joint is in an abnormal state, judging the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint. The alarm display center carries out alarm prompt on the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint.
Referring to fig. 4, the remote monitoring terminal specifically includes a processor, a power supply device, and a server. The audio analysis module 200, the bridge expansion joint determination module 300, the bridge expansion joint abnormal type determination module 400, the alarm module 500 and the bridge expansion joint abnormal type auditing module 600 are all integrated in the processor, and the processor performs audio analysis on the received sound signals to determine the state of the bridge expansion joint; and when the bridge expansion joint is in an abnormal state, judging the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint, and giving an alarm for the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint. And the processor sends the judged abnormal type result and the received sound signal to the server in a wireless transmission mode or a wired transmission mode for storage, and displays the abnormal type result on the server. Specifically, the wireless transmission mode is a wireless transmission module; the wired transmission mode is a wired network interface.
The power supply device comprises a power module, a storage battery and a power supply interface, and can provide two working modes of storage battery power supply and external power supply. The power module is used for managing the storage battery and the power supply interface, when an external power supply is adopted for supplying power, the processor and the storage battery can be charged simultaneously through the power module, and the storage battery is used as a standby power supply to provide power-off working time support not less than 4 hours for the processor.
The work flow diagram of the monitoring system is shown in fig. 5:
when the monitoring system is utilized to monitor the state of the bridge expansion joint, firstly, the acquisition parameters are set as follows: the sampling interval is T, the single sampling time is T, the sampling frequency f, the number N of the single sampling points is: and F/t, and starting a sampling program after the acquisition parameter is set. When the event triggers the collection, the audio collection is carried out on the sound signal, the audio is analyzed, and whether abnormal audio exists is judged. And when the abnormal audio exists, fault diagnosis and classification are carried out on the abnormal audio so as to judge the abnormal type of the abnormal audio. After fault diagnosis and classification are carried out on the abnormal audio, the system carries out alarm maintenance, a monitoring engineer manually confirms the abnormal type of the abnormal audio, if the result of the manually monitored abnormal type is consistent with the result of the abnormal type, an alarm is given out to prompt, and the monitoring engineer carries out field maintenance. And if the result of the abnormal type monitored manually is inconsistent with the result of the abnormal type, the result of the abnormal type is false alarm information, and an alarm prompt is cleared. The misinformation information can be used as a feedback adjustment quantity of a follow-up monitoring process, and the accuracy of a monitoring result can be improved. The event triggering acquisition refers to that the vehicle passes through a bridge.
In conclusion, the application has the following beneficial effects:
the sound signal of bridge expansion joint is gathered in real time to carry out quantitative analysis to sound signal's effective characteristic parameter, can effectively discern the state at bridge expansion joint, carry out early warning feedback for follow-up according to the state at this bridge expansion joint and provide the basis, with the timeliness of improvement monitoring.
Furthermore, when the state of the bridge expansion joint is abnormal, the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint can be further judged, and the alarm feedback is carried out on the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint, so that a bridge manager can be guided to carry out maintenance treatment on the abnormal type bridge expansion joint, and the bridge maintenance efficiency is improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present application, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for monitoring the state of a bridge expansion joint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting sound signals of the bridge expansion joint under the live load effect;
carrying out audio analysis on the sound signal to determine effective characteristic parameters of the sound signal;
and determining the state of the bridge expansion joint according to the comparison result of the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signals and the preset value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of performing audio analysis on the sound signal to determine the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signal comprises:
signal division: dividing the sound signal into a plurality of segments with equal time intervals, wherein the adjacent segments are partially overlapped;
feature extraction: acquiring a spectrum analysis result of each segment, extracting a plurality of characteristic parameters of the sound signal in a frequency domain according to the spectrum analysis results of all the segments, and determining a characteristic parameter set of the sound signal by the plurality of characteristic parameters;
and (3) feature dimensionality reduction: and calculating the correlation of the characteristic parameters in the characteristic parameter set, and screening out the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signals.
3. The method for monitoring the state of the bridge expansion joint according to claim 2, further comprising constructing a library of sound signal characterization parameters before the signal segmentation; the constructing of the sound signal characterization parameter library comprises:
collecting sound signal samples of the bridge expansion joint in a normal state and in abnormal states of different abnormal types;
classifying the sound signal samples; the sound signal sample is divided into a normal state, a bridge expansion joint damage state, a bridge expansion joint extrusion state and other bridge expansion joint abnormal states.
4. The method for monitoring the state of the bridge expansion joint according to claim 2, wherein in the step of feature extraction, the feature parameters of the feature parameter set comprise signal strength, duration of a single signal and occurrence number of continuous signals.
5. The method for monitoring the state of the bridge expansion joint according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the determining the state of the bridge expansion joint according to the comparison result of the effective characteristic parameter of the sound signal and a preset value comprises:
when the effective characteristic parameter of the sound signal is smaller than or equal to a preset value, determining that the state of the bridge expansion joint is a normal state;
when the effective characteristic parameter of the sound signal is larger than a preset value, determining that the state of the bridge expansion joint is an abnormal state;
and when the state of the bridge expansion joint is an abnormal state, further judging the abnormal type of the bridge expansion joint.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein after said further determining the type of anomaly at the bridge expansion joint, further comprising:
and alarming and prompting the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint.
7. The method for monitoring the state of the bridge expansion joint according to claim 6, wherein after the alarm prompting is performed on the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint, the method further comprises the following steps:
comparing the abnormal type result of the bridge expansion joint with the manually monitored abnormal type result; if the two are consistent, continuing to give an alarm; and if the two are inconsistent, the alarm prompt is released.
8. A monitoring system for the condition of a bridge expansion joint, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring sound signals of the bridge expansion joint under the live load effect;
the audio analysis module is used for carrying out audio analysis on the sound signal and determining effective characteristic parameters of the sound signal;
and the bridge expansion joint state determining module is used for determining the state of the bridge expansion joint according to the comparison result of the effective characteristic parameters of the sound signals and the preset values.
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| CN114997249A (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-09-02 | 广东省有色工业建筑质量检测站有限公司 | Monitoring method and system for bridge expansion joint device |
| CN114997249B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2022-11-08 | 广东省有色工业建筑质量检测站有限公司 | Monitoring method and system for bridge expansion joint device |
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| CN115420495B (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-03-10 | 山东百顿减震科技有限公司 | State monitoring method and device for building damping device |
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Application publication date: 20210604 |