CN112903312A - Braking device and method for automobile crash test - Google Patents

Braking device and method for automobile crash test Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112903312A
CN112903312A CN202110137379.0A CN202110137379A CN112903312A CN 112903312 A CN112903312 A CN 112903312A CN 202110137379 A CN202110137379 A CN 202110137379A CN 112903312 A CN112903312 A CN 112903312A
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China
Prior art keywords
limiting column
energy absorption
limiting
shell
tractor
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Pending
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CN202110137379.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谭侃伦
王健
唐倬
马敏
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Chongqing Changan Automobile Co Ltd
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Chongqing Changan Automobile Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110137379.0A priority Critical patent/CN112903312A/en
Publication of CN112903312A publication Critical patent/CN112903312A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
    • G01M17/0078Shock-testing of vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/08Shock-testing

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a braking device and a braking method for an automobile collision test, which comprise a shell, and a limiting column unit and an energy absorption rod which are arranged in the shell at intervals along the front-back direction, wherein the back side wall of the shell is provided with an opening correspondingly matched with a collision nose at the front end of a tractor; the single limiting column unit comprises a front first limiting column and a rear second limiting column, the first limiting column and the second limiting column are vertically arranged, the first limiting column is symmetrically arranged along the axis of the opening, the axis of the first limiting column is on the same plane, the second limiting column is symmetrically arranged along the axis of the opening, the axis of the second limiting column is on the same plane, and the distance between the two first limiting columns close to the axis of the opening is smaller than the distance between the two second limiting columns close to the axis of the opening; the energy absorption rod is transversely inserted into a gap between the first limiting column and the second limiting column, and two ends of the energy absorption rod extend out of the shell. The energy absorption device is simple in structure, can meet the requirements of time-deceleration curves of different regulations by adjusting the arrangement parameters of the energy absorption rods, and is good in universality.

Description

Braking device and method for automobile crash test
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automobile crash test, in particular to a braking device and a braking method for the automobile crash test.
Background
In the development of a vehicle technology, a collision test apparatus simulating a vehicle collision state is used to evaluate the safety of a vehicle by observing the conditions and loads of occupants at the time of a vehicle collision. For example, automotive seating systems are required to meet a number of test codes, such as GB15083, GB13057, GB14167, ECER16, ECER17, ECER44, FMWSS213, etc., which all incorporate crash safety tests of similar form to verify the safety of the seating system in the event of a crash. Taking ECER44 as an example to illustrate the test requirements, referring to FIG. 1, the seat system is fixed on a flatbed tractor 6 through a tool 9, and a collision nose 7 is arranged at the front end of the flatbed tractor 6. The existing detent 10 is fastened in front of the foundation wall 8. The flat-bed tractor 6 runs at a speed of 49 +/-1 km/h until the collision nose 7 is in contact with the existing braking device 10, and the existing braking device 10 absorbs the kinetic energy of the flat-bed tractor 6 to brake the flat-bed tractor. The braking process is required to satisfy a time-deceleration curve, see fig. 2, whose horizontal axis is time in milliseconds and vertical axis is deceleration in gravitational acceleration, and the regulation requires that the time-deceleration curve of the braking process must be located in the shaded area. The various test codes differ primarily in the required crash initial velocity and the time-deceleration curve.
At present, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders are mostly used as braking devices in the tests of home and abroad seat systems, such as the pneumatic cylinder for the automobile crash test disclosed in CN 202451495U. The hydraulic cylinder or the pneumatic cylinder can conveniently set an adjusting time-deceleration curve, but the hydraulic cylinder/pneumatic cylinder braking device needs matching equipment such as an oil pump, an oil cylinder, an air pump and the like, and has high integral price, large volume and complex installation and maintenance. The industry urgently needs a braking device with low cost and simple structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a braking device and a braking method for an automobile crash test, which have simple structure, can meet the requirements of time-deceleration curves of different regulations by adjusting the arrangement parameters of energy absorption rods, and have good universality.
The invention relates to a braking device for an automobile collision test, which comprises a shell, a plurality of limiting column units and a plurality of energy absorption rods, wherein the limiting column units and the energy absorption rods correspond to the limiting column units, the limiting column units are arranged in the shell at intervals along the front-back direction; the single limiting column unit comprises m first limiting columns at the front and n second limiting columns at the rear, wherein m and n are even numbers, the first limiting columns and the second limiting columns are vertically arranged, the first limiting columns are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the opening, the axes of the first limiting columns are on the same plane, the second limiting columns are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the opening, the axes of the second limiting columns are on the same plane, and the distance between the two first limiting columns close to the axis of the opening is smaller than the distance between the two second limiting columns close to the axis of the opening; the energy absorption rod is transversely inserted into a gap between the first limiting column and the second limiting column, and two ends of the energy absorption rod extend out of the shell.
Further, the position that is close to spacing post unit in the casing fixedly connected with supporting component, spacing post is arranged in on the supporting component, highly realizes spacing post altitude mixture control through adjustment supporting component.
Further, the supporting component comprises an upper tray body, a lower tray body and a threaded rod, wherein threaded holes corresponding to the threaded rod are formed in the upper tray body and the lower tray body, the upper end of the threaded rod is flush with the upper surface of the upper tray body, and the lower end of the threaded rod extends out of the lower surface of the lower tray body and is correspondingly matched with a mounting hole in the lower side wall of the shell.
Furthermore, the upper plate body of the shell is provided with a via hole correspondingly matched with the limiting column unit, the upper end of the limiting column unit is in threaded connection with a lifting lug, a hanging disc is arranged between the lifting lug and the limiting column unit, and the diameter of the hanging disc is larger than that of the via hole.
Further, the limiting column is sleeved with a protection tube, the protection tube is arranged in the shell, the inner diameter of the protection tube is larger than the diameter of the cylinder in the limiting column unit, and the outer diameter of the protection tube is larger than the diameter of the via hole.
Furthermore, a plurality of protection rods are inserted into the gap between the first limiting column and the second limiting column in the limiting column unit at the forefront.
Further, the arrangement position, the size and the material of the energy absorption rod are reasonably adjusted according to different testing laws and regulations.
A braking method for an automobile crash test comprises the following steps:
step one, building a CAE model of a braking device, a collision nose and a tractor, wherein the braking device is the braking device;
determining the arrangement parameters of the energy absorption rods through CAE simulation so that the tractor can realize a time-deceleration curve specified by a rule;
step three, processing the energy-absorbing rod according to the parameters of the energy-absorbing rod determined in the step two to obtain the energy-absorbing rod;
and step four, fixing the braking device on the base wall, loading the energy absorption rods according to the energy absorption rod parameters determined by CAE simulation, fixing the part to be tested on the tractor, and driving the tractor to perform a collision test.
Further, the part to be tested is a seat system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
1. Compared with the conventional air cylinder or hydraulic cylinder braking device, the braking device provided by the invention absorbs the kinetic energy of the flat-plate type tractor through the plastic deformation of the energy absorption rod in the spacing between the limiting column units, does not need external energy sources such as a power supply and the like, and has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, simplicity in installation and maintenance and low manufacturing cost.
2. The energy absorption device meets time-deceleration curves required by different testing laws and regulations by adjusting the quantity, the arrangement position, the size and the material of the energy absorption rods, and has good universality.
3. According to the invention, the protective tube is sleeved outside the limiting column unit, so that the sliding friction between the energy absorbing rod and the limiting column body is converted into the rolling friction between the energy absorbing rod and the protective tube as well as between the protective tube and the limiting column unit, thereby reducing the abrasion of the limiting column unit and prolonging the service life of the limiting column unit.
4. According to the invention, because the plurality of protection rods are arranged in the frontmost limiting column unit, the tractor can be braked emergently, the tractor is protected from being damaged due to collision with the rigid base wall, and the test loss is reduced.
5. The collision nose is caused to jump up and down due to slight vibration in the running process of the tractor; the opening of the shell is provided with a chamfer, when the collision nose collides with the shell due to vertical jumping, the chamfer can guide the collision nose to correctly enter the braking device, and the braking device and the flat-plate type tractor are protected from being damaged due to rigid collision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a seat system crash test principle;
FIG. 2 is a graph of time-deceleration required by the ECER44 code;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an arrangement of the energy absorbing beam of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the arrangement of a single spacing post unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the support assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a spacing post assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a deformation of the energy absorbing beam of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a time-deceleration strip graph implemented by the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a shell, 11-an opening, 12-an upper plate, 13-a lower plate, 14-a front plate, 15-a rear plate, 16-a hanging ring, 17-a support leg, 18-a via hole, 19-a mounting hole, 2-a limiting column component, 21-a first limiting column, 22-a second limiting column, 23-a lifting lug, 24-a hanging disc, 25-a protection tube, 3-an energy absorption rod, 4-a support component, 41-an upper plate, 42-a lower plate, 43-a threaded rod, 5-a protection rod, 6-a tractor, 7-a collision nose, 8-a base wall, 9-a tool, 10-an existing braking device,
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First embodiment, referring to fig. 3 to 7, a brake device for an automobile crash test includes a housing 1, a plurality of limit post units 2 disposed in the housing at intervals along a front-rear direction, and an energy absorbing rod 3 corresponding to the limit post units 2. The shell 1 is through from left to right and comprises a front plate body 14, an upper plate body 12, a rear plate body 15 and a lower plate body 13 which are connected in sequence.
The rear plate body 15 of the shell 1 is provided with an opening 11 correspondingly matched with the collision nose 7 at the front end of the tractor 6. Because there is slight vibration in the tractor 6 operation, make collision nose 7 beat from top to bottom, be equipped with the chamfer in the opening 11 department of casing 1, when collision nose 7 because beat from top to bottom when striking casing 1, the chamfer can guide the collision nose correctly to get into arresting gear in, protection arresting gear and tractor 6 do not cause the damage because of the rigid collision, have improved the life of tractor.
A single spacing post unit 2 includes the first spacing post of m first spacing posts 21 in the place ahead and the spacing post 222 of n second in rear, wherein m and n are the even number, the equal vertical layout of the spacing post of first spacing post 21 and second 22, first spacing post 21 along opening axis A symmetrical arrangement and first spacing post 21 axis on the coplanar, the spacing post 22 of second along opening axis A symmetrical arrangement and the spacing post 22 axis of second on the coplanar, the distance between two first spacing posts 21 that is close to opening axis A is less than the distance between two spacing posts 22 of second that is close to opening axis A. The energy absorbing rod 3 is transversely inserted into a gap between the first limiting column 21 and the second limiting column 22, and two ends of the energy absorbing rod extend out of the shell 1. If the distance between the two first limiting columns 21 close to the opening axis A is larger than the distance between the two second limiting columns 22 close to the opening axis A, the deformation of the energy absorbing rod 3 is only acted by the first limiting columns 21 in the collision process, the deformation freedom degree is high, the repeatability is poor, and the actual deformation condition is not consistent with CAE simulation.
The position, close to the limiting column unit 2, in the shell 1 is fixedly connected with a supporting component 4, the energy absorption rod 3 is arranged on the supporting component 4, and the height of the energy absorption rod 3 is adjusted by adjusting the height of the supporting component 4. Specifically, the support assembly 4 includes an upper tray body 41, a lower tray body 42 and a threaded rod 43, the upper tray body 41 and the lower tray body 42 are both provided with threaded holes correspondingly matched with the threaded rod 43, the upper end of the threaded rod 43 is flush with the upper surface of the upper tray body 41, and the lower end of the threaded rod 43 extends out of the lower surface of the lower tray body 42 and is correspondingly matched with the mounting hole 19 on the lower tray body 13 of the housing 1.
In order to facilitate the assembly of the limiting column unit 2, a via hole 18 correspondingly matched with the limiting column unit 2 is formed in the upper plate body 12 of the shell 1, a lifting lug 23 is connected to the upper end of the limiting column unit 2 in a threaded manner, a hanging disc 24 is arranged between the lifting lug 23 and the limiting column unit 2, and the diameter of the hanging disc 24 is larger than that of the via hole 18.
The first spacing post 21 and the spacing post 22 overcoat of second of spacing post unit 2 have a protection tube 25, in casing 1 was arranged in to protection tube 25, the cylinder diameter in the protection tube 25 internal diameter was greater than spacing post unit 2, and the protection tube 25 external diameter is greater than the via hole 18 diameter. The protection tube 25 is supported by brass, the friction coefficient is small, the friction resistance between the protection tube 25 and the energy absorption rod 3 and between the protection tube 25 and the limiting column unit 2 can be reduced, and the sliding friction between the energy absorption rod 3 and the limiting column body is converted into the rolling friction between the energy absorption rod 3 and the protection tube 25 and between the protection tube 25 and the limiting column unit 2, so that the abrasion of the limiting column unit 2 is reduced, and the service life of the limiting column unit 2 is prolonged.
A plurality of protection rods 5 are inserted into the gap between the first limiting column 21 and the second limiting column 22 in the limiting column unit 2 at the forefront, so that the tractor 6 can be braked urgently, the tractor 6 is protected from colliding with the rigid base wall 8 to cause damage, and the test loss is reduced.
In order to facilitate the transportation and assembly of the housing 1, three hanging rings are arranged on the upper plate body 12 of the housing 1. The supporting legs 17 are fixedly connected to the corners of the lower plate 13 of the housing, and the overall height of the housing 1 can be adjusted by selecting the supporting legs 17 with different heights.
In the second embodiment, a crash test is performed by using a seat system as a component to be tested and using an ECER44 as a test rule, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
step one, determining parameters of a braking device by CAE simulation.
1) Referring to fig. 1, a CAE model is established, which includes a flatbed tractor 6, a collision nose and a brake device for a car collision test,
2) setting the speed of the tractor 6 to be 49 +/-1 km/h;
3) the tractor 6 runs at a set speed until the collision nose 7 impacts the braking device, and the collision nose 7 forces the energy absorption rod 3 to plastically deform to absorb the kinetic energy of the tractor 6. The determination of the brake parameters by CAE simulation allows the tractor 6 to achieve the time-deceleration curve prescribed by the regulations. The brake device parameters include:
the four energy absorption rods 3 are 2000mm in length, 30 multiplied by 30mm in radial section size and made of Q345 steel and are respectively arranged in the four groups of limiting column units 2 at the rear.
Four guard bars 5, the length is 1400mm, and radial cross sectional dimension is 40 x 40mm, and the material is Q460 steel, piles up and arranges in the spacing post unit 2 of forefront.
And step two, processing the energy absorption rod 3 and the protective rod 5 according to the parameters of the braking device determined in the step one.
And step three, installing a braking device.
1) The shell 1 is hoisted to the rear of the base wall 8 by utilizing the hoisting ring 16, the front plate body 14 of the shell 1 abuts against the base wall 8, and bolts penetrate through the strip-shaped holes of the front plate body 14 to be fixedly connected with the base wall 8.
2) Five groups of 20 protection pipes 25 made of brass are arranged from the left side surface or the right side surface of the shell 1, and the protection pipes 25 are respectively coaxial with 20 through holes with the diameter of 60.5mm on the upper plate body 1;
3) inserting a first limiting column 21 and a second limiting column 22 from a through hole with the diameter of 60.5mm on the upper plate body 12, wherein the first limiting column 21 and the second limiting column 22 sequentially penetrate through the upper plate body 12, the protection pipe 25 and the lower plate body 13 until the hanging disc 24 is hung on the upper plate body 12;
4) inserting five groups of 10 support assemblies 4 into corresponding mounting holes 19 with the diameter of 11mm of the lower plate body 13;
5) the four energy-absorbing rods 3 are respectively inserted into gaps between the first limiting column 21 and the second limiting column 22 of the four limiting column units 2 in front, and the support legs 17 and the support components 4 with proper heights are selected, so that the openings 11 and the energy-absorbing rods 3 are as high as the collision noses 7.
And step four, running an entity test.
1) The seat system is fixed on a platform of a tractor 6 through a tool 9, the tractor 6 is accelerated to move forwards until the seat system rushes into a braking device at 49 +/-1 km/h, a collision nose 7 sequentially collides with four energy absorption rods 3, and referring to fig. 8, the energy absorption rods 3 are subjected to plastic deformation to absorb kinetic energy of the tractor 6 and brake the tractor. Referring to fig. 9, the time-deceleration curve is shown in the shadow of the regulatory requirements, i.e., the time-deceleration curve requirements that meet the ECER44 regulation
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A arresting gear for car bump test which characterized in that: the energy absorption device comprises a shell (1), a plurality of limiting column units (2) and a plurality of energy absorption rods (3), wherein the limiting column units (2) and the energy absorption rods (3) are arranged in the shell (1) at intervals along the front-back direction, and openings (11) correspondingly matched with collision noses (7) at the front end of a tractor (6) are formed in the back side wall of the shell (1);
the single limiting column unit (2) comprises m first limiting columns (21) in front and n second limiting columns (22) in back, wherein m and n are even numbers, the first limiting columns (21) and the second limiting columns (22) are vertically arranged, the first limiting columns (21) are symmetrically arranged along an opening axis A, axes of the m first limiting columns (21) are on the same plane, the second limiting columns (22) are symmetrically arranged along the opening axis A, axes of the n second limiting columns (22) are on the same plane, and the distance between the two first limiting columns (21) close to the opening axis is smaller than the distance between the two second limiting columns (22) close to the opening axis;
the energy absorption rod (3) is transversely inserted into a gap between the first limiting column (21) and the second limiting column (22), and two ends of the energy absorption rod extend out of the shell (1).
2. The brake device for the automobile crash test according to claim 1, characterized in that: the position of the shell (1) close to the limiting column unit (2) is fixedly connected with a supporting component (4), the energy-absorbing rod (3) is arranged on the supporting component (4), and the height of the energy-absorbing rod (3) is adjusted by adjusting the height of the supporting component (4).
3. The brake device for the automobile crash test according to claim 2, characterized in that: support assembly (4) include disk body (41), lower disk body (42) and threaded rod (43), it corresponds complex screw hole with threaded rod (43) to all be equipped with on disk body (41) and lower disk body (42), threaded rod (43) upper end flushes with the upper surface of last disk body (41), and threaded rod (43) lower extreme stretches out mounting hole (19) on the lower surface of lower disk body (42) and casing (1) downside wall and corresponds the cooperation.
4. The brake device for the automobile crash test according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the upper plate body (12) of the shell (1) is provided with a via hole (18) correspondingly matched with the limiting column unit (2), the upper end of the limiting column unit (2) is in threaded connection with a lifting lug (23), a hanging disc (24) is arranged between the lifting lug (23) and the limiting column unit (2), and the diameter of the hanging disc (24) is larger than that of the via hole (18).
5. The brake device for the automobile crash test according to claim 4, characterized in that: the first limiting column (21) and the second limiting column (22) are sleeved with protective tubes (25), the protective tubes (25) are arranged in the shell, the inner diameter of each protective tube (25) is larger than the diameter of a cylinder in the limiting column unit (2), and the outer diameter of each protective tube (25) is larger than the diameter of each through hole (18).
6. The brake device for the automobile crash test according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: a plurality of protection rods (5) are inserted into the gap between the first limiting column (21) and the second limiting column (22) in the limiting column unit (2) at the forefront.
7. The brake device for the automobile crash test according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the arrangement position, the size and the material of the energy absorption rod (5) are reasonably adjusted according to different testing laws and regulations.
8. The brake device for the automobile crash test according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the edge of the outer side of the opening (11) is provided with a chamfer.
9. A braking method for an automobile crash test is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, establishing a CAE model of a braking device, a collision nose (7) and a tractor (6), wherein the braking device is the braking device according to any one of claims 1-8;
secondly, determining the arrangement parameters of the energy absorption rods (3) through CAE simulation so that the tractor can realize a time-deceleration curve specified by a rule;
step three, processing the energy-absorbing rod (3) according to the energy-absorbing rod parameters determined in the step two;
fixing a braking device on the base wall (8), installing the energy absorption rod (3) according to the energy absorption rod parameters determined by CAE simulation, fixing the part to be tested on the tractor (6), driving the tractor (6) to perform a collision test, and absorbing the kinetic energy of the tractor (6) through the plastic deformation of the energy absorption rod (3) to complete the braking of the tractor.
10. The braking method for the automobile crash test according to claim 9, characterized in that: the part to be tested is a seat system.
CN202110137379.0A 2021-02-01 2021-02-01 Braking device and method for automobile crash test Pending CN112903312A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110137379.0A CN112903312A (en) 2021-02-01 2021-02-01 Braking device and method for automobile crash test

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110137379.0A CN112903312A (en) 2021-02-01 2021-02-01 Braking device and method for automobile crash test

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN112903312A true CN112903312A (en) 2021-06-04

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Application publication date: 20210604