CN112902013A - Gas filling flow rate control method of hydrogenation station and application device thereof - Google Patents
Gas filling flow rate control method of hydrogenation station and application device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112902013A CN112902013A CN202110372773.2A CN202110372773A CN112902013A CN 112902013 A CN112902013 A CN 112902013A CN 202110372773 A CN202110372773 A CN 202110372773A CN 112902013 A CN112902013 A CN 112902013A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0626—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a gas filling flow rate control method of a hydrogen station and an application device thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining heat energy conversion information when the hydrogen station performs hydrogen filling in real time, performing real-time closed-loop control by taking a filling flow rate and a hydrogen gun temperature as control targets according to the heat energy conversion information, and further determining the optimal output air pressure of an air storage tank so as to ensure that the heat energy waste and the hydrogen filling time of the hydrogen station respectively meet corresponding requirements; then, the air storage tanks which are adaptive to the output air pressure are adjusted in real time for the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline to be connected, so that the air pressure of the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline is the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tanks; and then two closed-loop controls of the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun are completed, so that the flow rate of the filled hydrogen is maximized under the condition that the hydrogenation gun is heat-resistant and safe, the energy in the hydrogen in the filling process is maximally used, and the waste caused by excessive cooling operation of the additional energy on the hydrogenation gun is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automatic control, and particularly relates to a gas filling flow rate control method of a hydrogenation station and an application device thereof.
Background
The hydrogen energy is used as an optimal circulating clean energy with zero pollution and long storage, the hydrogen station is the most important ring in the hydrogen energy industry chain, and the hydrogen energy is distributed to various required hydrogen energy loading equipment in the market through the hydrogen station; on the premise of ensuring safety, the time for filling each hydrogen energy load device of the hydrogen station with gas reflects the hydrogenation efficiency of the hydrogen station.
The hydrogen filling station performs the final hydrogen filling action through a hydrogenation gun of the hydrogenation machine, hydrogen in the high-pressure gas storage tank is filled into the low-pressure load tank, the hydrogen filling process is performed by the energy conservation principle all the time, the high-pressure gas storage tank fills the hydrogen into the load tank, the hydrogen passes through a long and thin pipeline, and finally the hydrogen is added into the load tank through the hydrogenation gun.
The relationship between the converted heat energy and the air pressure shows that heat energy is released when hydrogen is injected, and different hydrogenation guns have upper limit requirements on heat resistance, and need to be cooled by cooling liquid when the temperature reaches the upper limit; because the energy in the gas stored in the high-pressure gas storage tank is stored by the high-pressure compressor, if the excessive energy is converted into heat energy and additional cooling is needed, the energy is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for controlling a gas filling flow rate of a hydrogen filling station and an application device thereof, so as to optimize a hydrogenation duration of the hydrogen filling station and minimize wasted heat energy, thereby improving the hydrogenation efficiency of the hydrogen filling station.
The first aspect of the application provides a gas filling flow rate control method for a hydrogen refueling station, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring heat energy conversion information of the hydrogen station during hydrogen filling in real time;
according to the heat energy conversion information, performing real-time closed-loop control by taking the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun as control targets, and determining the optimal output air pressure of the gas storage tank so as to enable the heat energy waste and the hydrogen filling time of the hydrogenation station to respectively meet corresponding requirements;
and adjusting the air storage tank with adaptive output air pressure in real time for the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline to be connected, so that the air pressure of the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline is the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tank.
Preferably, according to the heat energy conversion information, performing real-time closed-loop control by taking the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun as control targets, and determining the optimal output air pressure of the gas storage tank, the method comprises the following steps:
on the premise that the temperature of the hydrogenation gun does not exceed the heat-resisting upper limit value of the hydrogenation gun, determining a filling flow rate target value when the hydrogen filling time meets the shortest time requirement; the upper limit value of the heat resistance of the hydrogenation gun is the upper limit value of the temperature when the waste of the heat energy meets the minimum loss requirement, which is determined according to the material information of the hydrogenation gun in the hydrogenation station;
and determining the adaptive air pressure of an output port of the air storage tank as the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tank according to the heat-resisting upper limit value of the hydrogenation gun and the target value of the filling flow rate, so that the filling flow rate is stabilized within the preset range of the target value of the filling flow rate.
Preferably, determining the adapted gas pressure at the output port of the gas storage tank as the optimal gas pressure at the output port of the gas storage tank according to the heat-resistant upper limit value of the hydrogenation gun and the target filling flow rate value, includes:
correcting the error between the target filling flow rate value and the actual filling flow rate value of negative feedback to obtain flow rate error correction air pressure;
processing the heat-resisting upper limit value of the hydrogenation gun and the negative feedback temperature actual value to obtain a temperature limit value correction air pressure;
and carrying out summation calculation on the negative feedback load tank air pressure, the positive feedback temperature limit value correction air pressure, the actual air pressure output by the air storage tank and the flow rate error correction air pressure to obtain the adaptive air pressure output by the air storage tank, and taking the adaptive air pressure output by the air storage tank as the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tank.
Preferably, the step of correcting an error between the target filling flow rate value and the actual filling flow rate value of the negative feedback to obtain a flow rate error corrected air pressure includes:
summing the target filling flow rate value and the actual filling flow rate value subjected to negative feedback to obtain an error flow rate;
and carrying out proportional integral derivative (KPI) processing on the error flow rate to obtain the flow rate error correction air pressure.
Preferably, the processing the upper limit of the heat resistance of the hydrogenation gun and the actual temperature value of the negative feedback to obtain the temperature limit value corrected gas pressure comprises:
carrying out temperature treatment according to the upper limit value of the heat resistance of the hydrogenation gun and the negative feedback actual temperature value;
and carrying out limit value processing compensation on the temperature processed result to obtain the temperature limit value correction air pressure.
Preferably, the minimum loss requirement is: the heat energy waste is less than a preset value or equal to 0.
Preferably, when the hydrogenation station is independent hydrogenation station, for the gas storage tank of gas transmission pipeline air inlet real-time adjustment output air pressure adaptation connects, include:
and controlling each stage of gas tank to perform linkage combination, and adjusting the gas storage tank with the output port air pressure closest to the optimal gas storage tank output air pressure in real time to be connected with the gas inlet of the gas transmission pipeline.
Preferably, when the hydrogenation station is the integrative station of hydrogenation hydrogen manufacturing, connect for the gas storage tank of gas transmission pipeline air inlet real-time adjustment output air pressure adaptation, include:
detecting the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank in real time, and determining the air pressure of an output port which is lower than the optimal output air pressure and is closest to the optimal output air pressure;
adding corresponding hydrogen quantity for the determined gas storage tank in real time through a hydrogen production system to complement the difference pressure difference;
and the determined gas storage tank is connected with the gas inlet of the gas transmission pipeline.
Preferably, before and after any step, the method further comprises the following steps:
and when the temperature of the hydrogenation gun is detected to reach the upper limit control value, starting a cooling liquid circulating system to carry out cooling treatment on the corresponding hydrogenation gun in the hydrogenation station.
Preferably, the thermal energy conversion information includes: the upper limit value of the heat resistance of the hydrogenation gun, and the air pressure information, the volume information and the height information of the equipment involved in hydrogen filling.
The present application also provides, in a second aspect, a gas filling flow rate control system for a hydrogen refueling station, configured to execute the gas filling flow rate control method for a hydrogen refueling station as described in any one of the paragraphs above for the first aspect, including: the system comprises a detection subsystem, an output air pressure adaptation control subsystem, an air pressure adaptation execution subsystem and an integral information input subsystem; wherein:
the detection subsystem is used for detecting the filling flow rate in the hydrogenation station, the temperature of the hydrogenation gun and the air pressure information in the heat energy conversion information;
the integral information input subsystem is used for acquiring volume information and height information in the heat energy conversion information;
the output air pressure adaptive control subsystem is used for carrying out real-time closed-loop control by taking the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun as control targets according to the heat energy conversion information to determine the optimal output air pressure of the air storage tank;
the air pressure adaptation execution subsystem is used for adjusting the air storage tank with the adaptive output air pressure for the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline in real time to be connected, so that the air pressure of the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline is the optimal air storage tank output air pressure.
The third aspect of the present application also provides a hydrogen station comprising: a hydrogen storage system, a hydrogenation system and a gas filling flow rate control system as described in the second aspect;
the hydrogen storage system is used for filling hydrogen into the load tank through the hydrogenation system;
the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are both controlled by the gas filling flow rate control system.
The fourth aspect of the present application further provides an integrated station for hydrogen production by hydrogenation, comprising: a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage system, a hydrogenation system, and a gas filling flow rate control system as described in the second aspect;
the hydrogen production system is used for transmitting the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen production system to the hydrogen storage system;
the hydrogen storage system is used for filling hydrogen into the load tank by the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system through the hydrogenation system;
the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are both controlled by the gas filling flow rate control system, and the hydrogen production system is in communication connection with the gas filling flow rate control system.
According to the technical scheme, after the heat energy conversion information when the hydrogen filling is carried out by the hydrogen filling station is obtained in real time, the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogen gun are taken as control targets according to the heat energy conversion information, real-time closed-loop control is carried out, and then the optimal output air pressure of the air storage tank is determined, so that the heat energy waste and the hydrogen filling time of the hydrogen filling station respectively meet corresponding requirements; then, the air storage tanks which are adaptive to the output air pressure are adjusted in real time for the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline to be connected, so that the air pressure of the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline is the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tanks; and then two closed-loop controls of the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun are completed, so that the flow rate of the filled hydrogen is maximized under the condition that the hydrogenation gun is heat-resistant and safe, the energy in the hydrogen in the filling process is maximally used, and the waste caused by excessive cooling operation of the additional energy on the hydrogenation gun is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for controlling gas filling flow rate of a hydrogen refueling station according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another method for controlling a gas filling flow rate of a hydrogen filling station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of gas pressure and flow rate provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a hydrogenation gun charge provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of fill flow rate versus pressure and time for a load tank as provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a logic block diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a dual closed loop control with a coolant circulation system in a hydrogen station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen refueling station provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an integrated station for hydrogen production by hydrogenation provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In this application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiment of the invention provides a gas filling flow rate control method for a hydrogen refueling station, which is used for solving the problem that in the prior art, excessive energy is converted into heat energy and extra cooling is carried out, so that the energy is wasted.
Referring to fig. 1, the gas filling flow rate control method of the hydrogen filling station includes:
s101, obtaining heat energy conversion information in real time when the hydrogen filling station carries out hydrogen filling.
Preferably, the thermal energy conversion information includes: the upper limit value of the heat resistance of the hydrogenation gun, and the air pressure information, the volume information and the height information of the equipment involved in hydrogen filling.
That is, step S101 mainly obtains the air pressure and the volume of each air storage tank in the hydrogen adding station, and obtains the air pressure at the air inlet of the hydrogen adding gun, the height difference between each air storage tank and the load tank, the height difference information between the gas path pipeline and the load tank, and the like, so as to be applied in the subsequent steps.
In practical application, specifically, the air pressure of each air storage tank, the air pressure of an air inlet of a hydrogen conveying pipeline, the air pressure of an air inlet of a hydrogenation gun and the air pressure of a load tank are obtained through an air pressure detection subsystem; and the relief height of each device in the station, the volume of each gas storage tank in the station, the length of a pipeline, the inner diameter of the pipeline, the relief height of the pipeline, the volume of a load tank and the relief height thereof, the heat-resisting upper limit value of a hydrogenation gun and the volume of the hydrogenation gun are obtained through the whole information input system of the hydrogenation station, namely a whole station monitoring system SCADA. Of course, the thermal energy conversion information is not limited to the above-mentioned parameters, mainly for the purpose of implementing the subsequent conversion calculation of the thermal energy, and other parameters with the same function are also within the protection scope of the present application.
S102, performing real-time closed-loop control by taking the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun as control targets according to the heat energy conversion information, and determining the optimal output air pressure of the gas storage tank so as to enable the heat energy waste and the hydrogen filling duration of the hydrogenation station to respectively meet corresponding requirements.
It should be noted that, during the filling process, a certain pressure difference exists, and the pressure difference may cause a certain amount of energy to be converted into heat, thereby causing energy waste; specifically, when the pressure is from high pressure to low pressure, heat energy is released, which also causes energy waste; the temperature rises faster as the air pressure difference is larger; the larger the air pressure in the air storage tank is, the larger the air pressure of the air filling gun opening and the air pressure in the loaded hydrogenation vehicle are, so that the air pressure in the air storage tank is controlled, and the flow rate and the energy waste are minimum; therefore, it is necessary to control the air pressure at the outlet of the air tank, and it is not possible to adjust the charging speed to a very low speed because of the problem of energy waste. Therefore, the minimum energy waste and the optimal hydrogen filling time length are considered, the gas flow rate is ensured to meet the filling time requirement, and excessive energy waste is avoided.
In practical application, in the filling process under the application, the energy waste can be smaller than a preset value and even equal to 0, namely, the low-loss filling and even the 0-loss filling are realized.
In practical application, in step S102, specifically, the adaptation mode of the gas storage tank is found through strategy calculation according to the obtained heat energy conversion information by the output gas pressure adaptation control subsystem, that is, the output gas pressure of the gas storage tank meeting the requirement is determined, so that the gas pressure of the hydrogenation gun mouth is optimal, the gas flow rate is ensured to meet the requirement of the filling time, and no excessive energy waste is caused.
S103, connecting the air storage tanks which are used for adjusting the output air pressure adaptation of the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline in real time, so that the air pressure of the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline is the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tanks.
If the optimal output air pressure of the gas storage tank can be output, the air pressure of the gas inlet of the gas transmission pipeline can be the optimal output air pressure of the gas storage tank, so that the air pressure of the rear-stage hydrogenation gun port during hydrogen filling can be optimal, the gas flow rate is ensured to meet the filling time requirement, and excessive energy waste is avoided.
In practical applications, step S103 may be to control the execution device to adjust the corresponding device to meet the output air pressure requirement through the air pressure adaptation execution subsystem; specifically, the air pressure adaptation execution subsystem can control the output port valve of the corresponding air storage tank by adjusting the adaptation air storage tank, so that the air pressure of the pipeline air inlet is controlled to be the optimal air storage tank output air pressure, and the control of the flow speed and the temperature is realized.
It should be noted that the three steps are continuous closed-loop control and continuous real-time control, the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun are always taken as control targets, the two targets are taken as target guidance, and the adaptive air storage tank is adjusted in real time, so that the air pressure of the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline, namely the air pressure of the output port of the air storage tank connected with the air transmission pipeline is the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tank.
According to the gas filling flow rate control method for the hydrogen filling station, the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogen gun are controlled in a closed loop mode, so that the flow rate of hydrogen filling is maximized under the condition that the hydrogen gun is heat-resistant and safe, the energy in the hydrogen in the filling process is maximally used, and the waste caused by excessive cooling operation of the hydrogen gun by extra energy is reduced; under the condition that the energy in the gas is effectively used, the filling speed optimization problem of the hydrogenation station is solved, so that the energy consumption of the hydrogenation station in use is the lowest, and the filling speed is optimal.
On the basis of the above embodiment, preferably, referring to fig. 2, step S102, performing real-time closed-loop control based on the thermal energy conversion information and with the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun as control targets, and determining the optimal output air pressure of the gas storage tank specifically includes:
s201, on the premise that the temperature of the hydrogenation gun does not exceed the heat-resisting upper limit value of the hydrogenation gun, determining a filling flow rate target value when the hydrogen filling duration meets the shortest duration requirement.
The upper limit value of the heat resistance of the hydrogenation gun is the upper limit value of the temperature when the obtained heat energy waste meets the minimum loss requirement according to the material information of the hydrogenation gun in the hydrogenation station; is obtained by the whole information input system of the hydrogen adding station in the step S101. Preferably, the minimum loss requirement is: the waste of heat energy is less than a preset value or equal to 0.
It should be noted that, referring to fig. 3, according to the bernoulli gas equation, the gas flow transmission is performed in the closed pipeline according to the gas continuity and energy conservation principle, the volume of the flowing gas is not changed, and the pressure difference in the horizontal or lower potential pipeline and the flow rate of the gas are in a direct proportion relationship, as shown in formula (1). Filling hydrogen into a load tank by a high-pressure gas storage tank, passing through a long and thin pipeline, and finally adding the hydrogen into the load tank by a hydrogenation gun, and referring to fig. 4; the specific energy conversion is shown in formula (2), wherein the converted thermal energy HEN is shown in formula (3).
Where ρ is the gas density, g is the acceleration of gravity, P1Is the gas pressure, V, in the hydrogenation gun barrel1Is the hydrogenation muzzle volume, P2Is the pressure of the load tank, V2Is the volume of the load tank, Δ m is the mass of the gas filling, g is the acceleration of gravity, v1Is the gas flow velocity, v, in the lance2Is the gas flow rate in the load tank,. DELTA.h is the height at which the gas moves, V1>V2。
According to the above description, formula (1) gives the relationship between the gas pressure difference and the gas flow rate, in horizontal or lower potential pipes the gas pressure difference is proportional to the flow rate, and according to the principle of fluid continuity, the flow rate of the gas in closed systems (such as pipes and tank systems) is linearly proportional to the mass of the moving gas, and controlling the gas flow rate controls the mass of the gas to be filled, and thus the length of time required for filling at a fixed volume, as shown in particular in formula (4) and formula (5):
Δ m ═ ρ Δ V ═ ρ Sv Δ t equation (4)
S is the pipe cross-sectional area, v is the flow velocity, Δ t is the time; Δ T is the total time of filling, Δ mLTo load the mass required by the tank.
The specific process for determining the target filling flow rate comprises the following steps: and obtaining the target value of the filling flow rate when the heat energy is lowest according to the relationship between the heat energy and the air pressure difference, the gas flow rate and the gas potential energy.
According to the formula (3), the wasted heat energy is related to gas pressure difference, gas flow rate and gas potential energy height factors, for example, under the condition that the gas potential energy height is fixed, the heat energy is related to the gas pressure difference and the flow rate, and the flow rate is related to the gas pressure, the converted heat energy is related to the gas flow rate, and the wasted heat energy can be influenced to a certain extent by controlling the flow rate. Under the condition of high fixation of gas potential energy, the direct relation between the gas flow rate and the gas pressure difference can be known according to the formula (1).
In conclusion, the hydrogen filling time is controlled by controlling the gas flow rate; by controlling the gas pressure differential, the gas flow rate can be controlled and the wasted thermal energy can be affected.
S202, according to the upper heat-resisting limit value of the hydrogenation gun and the target value of the filling flow rate, determining the adaptive air pressure of the output port of the air storage tank as the optimal air pressure of the air storage tank, and enabling the filling flow rate to be stabilized within the preset range of the target value of the filling flow rate.
Specifically, according to the formula (3), a filling flow rate target value is selected according to the two indexes of the lowest waste heat energy, preferably zero, and the hydrogen filling time; then, the flow rate of the gas is stabilized to fluctuate above and below the control target value by adapting the output gas pressure of the gas storage tank, and a relationship diagram of the filling flow rate and the gas pressure and time of the load tank is shown in fig. 5.
Referring to the logic diagram shown in fig. 6, preferably, in step S202, determining the adapted air pressure at the output port of the air storage tank as the optimal air pressure at the output port of the air storage tank according to the upper heat-resistant limit value of the hydrogenation gun and the target charging flow rate value includes:
(1) and correcting the error between the target filling flow rate value and the actual filling flow rate value of the negative feedback to obtain the flow rate error correction air pressure.
Specifically, referring to the bottom of FIG. 6, the target fill flow rate v is initially calibrateddcsAnd the negative feedback actual value v of the filling flow rate is summed to obtain the error flow rate verr(ii) a For error streamVelocity verrKPI processing is carried out to obtain the flow rate error correction air pressure delta PvTo achieve closed-loop control of the flow rate.
(2) And processing the upper heat-resisting limit value of the hydrogenation gun and the negative feedback temperature actual value to obtain the temperature limit value correction air pressure.
Specifically, referring to the upper part of FIG. 6, the upper limit value T of the heat resistance of the lance is determinedupAnd negative feedback temperature actual value T, to process temperature; then carrying out limit value processing compensation on the result after temperature processing to obtain temperature limit value correction air pressure delta PTTo realize temperature closed-loop control.
(3) And summing the negative feedback load tank air pressure, the positive feedback temperature limit value corrected air pressure, the actual output air pressure of the air storage tank and the flow rate error corrected air pressure to obtain the adaptive air pressure of the output port of the air storage tank, and taking the adaptive air pressure as the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tank.
Specifically, referring to the left-most side of FIG. 6, the load tank pressure PLAfter negative feedback, the air pressure P is actually output by the air storage tankCCorrecting air pressure delta P by flow rate errorvAnd temperature limit corrected air pressure delta PTPerforming summation calculation to obtain the optimal output air pressure P of the air storage tankdcs。
The rest steps and principles can be referred to the above embodiments, and are not described in detail.
It should be noted that, when the hydrogen adding stations are different types of hydrogen adding stations, the specific working process of step S103 is different, and the following description is made for two cases, that is, the hydrogen adding station is an independent hydrogen adding station or an integrated hydrogen producing station.
1. When the hydrogenation station is independent hydrogenation station, connect for the gas storage tank of gas transmission pipeline air inlet real-time adjustment output air pressure adaptation in step S103, specifically include: by configuring a plurality of air storage tanks with different air pressures for the hydrogen filling station, the target air pressure required by the system control, namely the optimal air storage tank output air pressure PdesThe air storage tanks with the air pressure closest to the output air pressure of the optimal air storage tank are adjusted in real time by linkage combination of a plurality of air storage tanks with different grades to connect an air inlet of an air transmission pipelineTo achieve an adaptation to the target air pressure.
2. When the hydrogenation station is integrative station of hydrogenation hydrogen manufacturing, connect for the gas storage tank of gas transmission pipeline air inlet real-time adjustment output pressure adaptation in step S103, specifically include:
(1) and detecting the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank in real time, and determining the air pressure of an output port which is lower than the optimal output air pressure and is closest to the optimal output air pressure.
(2) And adding corresponding hydrogen quantity for the determined gas storage tank in real time through a hydrogen production system to complement the difference pressure difference.
(3) The air storage tank determined by the adjustment is connected with an air inlet of the air transmission pipeline.
For the hydrogen production and hydrogenation integrated station, real-time air pressure of each stage of air storage tank of the hydrogenation station is detected in real time, and the optimal air storage tank outputs air pressure P according to target air pressure required by system controldesFirstly, finding the gas storage tank with the output gas pressure lower than the target gas pressure but closest to the target gas pressure, and supplementing a difference pressure difference for the gas storage tank by adding a new hydrogen amount for the real-time hydrogen production through the hydrogen production system, thereby realizing the step S103.
The rest steps and principles can be referred to the above embodiments, and are not described in detail.
In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, it is more preferable that before and after any step, the method further includes:
and when the temperature of the hydrogenation gun is detected to reach the upper limit control value, starting a cooling liquid circulating system to carry out cooling treatment on the corresponding hydrogenation gun in the hydrogenation station.
In order to improve the safety guarantee of the hydrogenation system, a cooling liquid circulation system is arranged here to carry out cooling treatment on the hydrogenation gun at a high temperature.
In practical application, according to the energy conservation principle and the fluid continuity principle in the closed pipeline, the filling flow rate of hydrogen and the temperature of a hydrogenation gun are controlled as control targets, under the condition of lowest energy waste, the air pressure of an air inlet of a gas transmission pipeline (namely a hydrogen conveying pipeline) can be subjected to air storage tank adaptive adjustment through an air storage tank adaptive adjustment system, and the current hydrogen filling flow rate is obtained under the air pressure of an air inlet of a corresponding hydrogenation gun, so that the closed-loop control of the flow rate is realized; meanwhile, the temperature of the hydrogenation gun at the current hydrogen filling flow rate is adjusted by controlling the start and stop of the cooling liquid circulation system, so that the temperature closed-loop control is realized, and a schematic diagram of the temperature closed-loop control can be shown in fig. 7.
Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a gas filling flow rate control system of a hydrogen station, which is used for implementing the gas filling flow rate control method of the hydrogen station according to any one of the above embodiments; referring to fig. 8, the gas filling flow rate control system includes: the system comprises a detection subsystem, an output air pressure adaptation control subsystem, an air pressure adaptation execution subsystem and an integral information input subsystem; wherein:
the input end of the detection subsystem is connected with a hydrogen storage system and a hydrogenation system in the hydrogenation station, so that the detection subsystem detects the filling flow rate, the temperature of a hydrogenation gun and air pressure information in heat energy conversion information in the hydrogenation station, such as air pressure of each gas storage tank, pipeline air pressure, air pressure of an air inlet of the hydrogenation gun, air pressure of a load tank and the like; the output end of the detection subsystem is connected with the input end of the output air pressure adaptation control subsystem, so that the detection subsystem transmits detected information to the output air pressure adaptation control subsystem.
The integral information input subsystem is used for acquiring volume information and height information in the heat energy conversion information, such as the volume of a gas storage tank in the hydrogen station, the height difference between each gas storage tank and the load tank, the height difference between a gas path pipeline and the load tank and the like; the integral information input subsystem is connected with the output air pressure adaptive control subsystem, so that the integral information input subsystem transmits the detected information to the output air pressure adaptive control subsystem.
And the output air pressure adaptive control subsystem is used for carrying out real-time closed-loop control by taking the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun as control targets according to the heat energy conversion information to determine the optimal output air pressure of the gas storage tank. Specifically, the adaptation mode of the gas storage tank is found through strategy calculation according to the detected gas pressure information, so that the gas pressure of the hydrogenation gun mouth is optimal, the gas flow rate is ensured to meet the requirement of filling time, and excessive energy waste is avoided.
The air pressure adaptation execution subsystem is used for adjusting the air storage tank with the adaptive output air pressure for the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline in real time to be connected, so that the air pressure of the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline is the optimal air storage tank output air pressure.
The specific steps and principles executed by each system may be referred to the above embodiments, and are not described in detail herein.
In the embodiment, closed-loop control with the optimal flow rate of the filling gas of the hydrogenation station as a control target is realized by adapting the gas pressure of the gas storage tank; the system for realizing the closed-loop control comprises an air pressure detection subsystem, a hydrogenation station integral information input subsystem, an output air pressure adaptation control subsystem and an air pressure adaptation execution subsystem.
Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a hydrogen refueling station, including: a hydrogen storage system, a hydrogenation system and a gas filling flow rate control system as described in any of the above embodiments; referring to fig. 8:
the gas outlet of the hydrogen storage system is connected with the gas inlet of the hydrogenation system, and the hydrogen storage system fills hydrogen into the load tank through the hydrogenation system.
The hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are both controlled by a gas filling flow rate control system. Specifically, the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are respectively in communication connection with a gas filling flow rate control system, and the gas filling flow rate control system is used for detecting information of the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system and controlling the hydrogenation system to fill hydrogen.
Referring to fig. 7, the hydrogen station further comprises: and the cooling liquid circulating system is used for starting and cooling the hydrogenation gun when the temperature of the hydrogenation gun is detected to reach the upper limit control value.
The specific steps and principles executed by each system in the gas filling flow rate control system can be referred to the above embodiments, and are not described in detail here.
The structures and working principles of the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system can be found in the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.
Another embodiment of the present invention further provides a hydrogen production integrated station, including: a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage system, a hydrogenation system, and a gas filling flow rate control system as described in any of the above embodiments. Referring to fig. 9:
the output end of the hydrogen production system is connected with the gas inlet of the hydrogen storage system; the hydrogen production system is used for transmitting hydrogen generated by the hydrogen production system to the hydrogen storage system.
The gas outlet of the hydrogen storage system is connected with the gas inlet of the hydrogenation system, and the hydrogen storage system is used for filling hydrogen into the load tank by the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system through the hydrogenation system.
The hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are both controlled by a gas filling flow rate control system, and the hydrogen production system is in communication connection with the gas filling flow rate control system. Specifically, the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are respectively in communication connection with a gas filling flow rate control system, and the gas filling flow rate control system is used for detecting information of the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system and controlling the hydrogenation system to fill hydrogen.
Preferably, the control system may further include: and the cooling liquid circulating system is used for starting and cooling the hydrogenation gun when the temperature of the hydrogenation gun is detected to reach the upper limit control value.
The specific steps and principles executed by each system in the gas filling flow rate control system can be referred to the above embodiments, and are not described in detail here.
The structures and working principles of the hydrogen production system, the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system can be found in the prior art, and are not described in detail herein.
Features described in the embodiments in the present specification may be replaced with or combined with each other, and the same and similar portions among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment is described with emphasis on differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system or system embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments and therefore are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some of the descriptions of the method embodiments for related points. The above-described system and system embodiments are only illustrative, wherein the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (13)
1. A gas filling flow rate control method of a hydrogen station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring heat energy conversion information of the hydrogen station during hydrogen filling in real time;
according to the heat energy conversion information, performing real-time closed-loop control by taking the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun as control targets, and determining the optimal output air pressure of the gas storage tank so as to enable the heat energy waste and the hydrogen filling time of the hydrogenation station to respectively meet corresponding requirements;
and adjusting the air storage tank with adaptive output air pressure in real time for the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline to be connected, so that the air pressure of the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline is the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tank.
2. The method for controlling the gas filling flow rate of the hydrogen filling station according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing real-time closed-loop control to determine the optimal gas storage tank output pressure by taking the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogen gun as control targets according to the heat energy conversion information comprises the following steps:
on the premise that the temperature of the hydrogenation gun does not exceed the heat-resisting upper limit value of the hydrogenation gun, determining a filling flow rate target value when the hydrogen filling time meets the shortest time requirement; the upper limit value of the heat resistance of the hydrogenation gun is the upper limit value of the temperature when the waste of the heat energy meets the minimum loss requirement, which is determined according to the material information of the hydrogenation gun in the hydrogenation station;
and determining the adaptive air pressure of an output port of the air storage tank as the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tank according to the heat-resisting upper limit value of the hydrogenation gun and the target value of the filling flow rate, so that the filling flow rate is stabilized within the preset range of the target value of the filling flow rate.
3. The method for controlling the gas filling flow rate of the hydrogen refueling station according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining the adapted gas tank output port pressure as the optimal gas tank output pressure according to the upper limit of the heat resistance of the hydrogen refueling gun and the target filling flow rate value comprises the steps of:
correcting the error between the target filling flow rate value and the actual filling flow rate value of negative feedback to obtain flow rate error correction air pressure;
processing the heat-resisting upper limit value of the hydrogenation gun and the negative feedback temperature actual value to obtain a temperature limit value correction air pressure;
and carrying out summation calculation on the negative feedback load tank air pressure, the positive feedback temperature limit value correction air pressure, the actual air pressure output by the air storage tank and the flow rate error correction air pressure to obtain the adaptive air pressure output by the air storage tank, and taking the adaptive air pressure output by the air storage tank as the optimal air pressure output by the air storage tank.
4. A gas filling flow rate control method for a hydrogen filling station according to claim 3, wherein the step of correcting the error between the target filling flow rate value and the negatively fed back actual filling flow rate value to obtain a flow rate error corrected gas pressure comprises:
summing the target filling flow rate value and the actual filling flow rate value subjected to negative feedback to obtain an error flow rate;
and carrying out proportional integral derivative (KPI) processing on the error flow rate to obtain the flow rate error correction air pressure.
5. The method for controlling the gas filling flow rate of a hydrogen filling station according to claim 3, wherein the step of processing the upper limit of the heat resistance of the hydrogen gun and the negative feedback actual temperature value to obtain a temperature limit corrected gas pressure comprises the steps of:
carrying out temperature treatment according to the upper limit value of the heat resistance of the hydrogenation gun and the negative feedback actual temperature value;
and carrying out limit value processing compensation on the temperature processed result to obtain the temperature limit value correction air pressure.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the loss minimization requirement is: the heat energy waste is less than a preset value or equal to 0.
7. The method for controlling the gas filling flow rate of a hydrogen filling station according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein when the hydrogen filling station is an independent hydrogen filling station, a gas storage tank adapted for real-time adjustment of the output gas pressure of a gas pipeline gas inlet is connected, and the method comprises the following steps:
and controlling each stage of gas tank to perform linkage combination, and adjusting the gas storage tank with the output port air pressure closest to the optimal gas storage tank output air pressure in real time to be connected with the gas inlet of the gas transmission pipeline.
8. The gas filling flow rate control method of the hydrogen station according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein when the hydrogen station is an integrated hydrogen production station, a gas storage tank adapted to adjust the output gas pressure of a gas inlet of a gas transmission pipeline in real time is connected, and the method comprises the following steps:
detecting the air pressure of each stage of air storage tank in real time, and determining the air pressure of an output port which is lower than the optimal output air pressure and is closest to the optimal output air pressure;
adding corresponding hydrogen quantity for the determined gas storage tank in real time through a hydrogen production system to complement the difference pressure difference;
and the determined gas storage tank is connected with the gas inlet of the gas transmission pipeline.
9. The gas filling flow rate control method of a hydrogen refueling station according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising, before and after any of the steps:
and when the temperature of the hydrogenation gun is detected to reach the upper limit control value, starting a cooling liquid circulating system to carry out cooling treatment on the corresponding hydrogenation gun in the hydrogenation station.
10. The gas filling flow rate control method of a hydrogen station according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thermal energy conversion information includes: the upper limit value of the heat resistance of the hydrogenation gun, and the air pressure information, the volume information and the height information of the equipment involved in hydrogen filling.
11. A gas filling flow rate control system of a hydrogen refueling station, characterized by being used for executing the gas filling flow rate control method of the hydrogen refueling station according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and comprising: the system comprises a detection subsystem, an output air pressure adaptation control subsystem, an air pressure adaptation execution subsystem and an integral information input subsystem; wherein:
the detection subsystem is used for detecting the filling flow rate in the hydrogenation station, the temperature of the hydrogenation gun and the air pressure information in the heat energy conversion information;
the integral information input subsystem is used for acquiring volume information and height information in the heat energy conversion information;
the output air pressure adaptive control subsystem is used for carrying out real-time closed-loop control by taking the filling flow rate and the temperature of the hydrogenation gun as control targets according to the heat energy conversion information to determine the optimal output air pressure of the air storage tank;
the air pressure adaptation execution subsystem is used for adjusting the air storage tank with the adaptive output air pressure for the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline in real time to be connected, so that the air pressure of the air inlet of the air transmission pipeline is the optimal air storage tank output air pressure.
12. A hydrogen station, comprising: a hydrogen storage system, a hydrogenation system, and a gas filling flow rate control system as claimed in claim 11;
the hydrogen storage system is used for filling hydrogen into the load tank through the hydrogenation system;
the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are both controlled by the gas filling flow rate control system.
13. A hydrogenation hydrogen production integrated station is characterized by comprising: a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage system, a hydrogenation system, and a gas filling flow rate control system according to claim 11;
the hydrogen production system is used for transmitting the hydrogen generated by the hydrogen production system to the hydrogen storage system;
the hydrogen storage system is used for filling hydrogen into the load tank by the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system through the hydrogenation system;
the hydrogen storage system and the hydrogenation system are both controlled by the gas filling flow rate control system, and the hydrogen production system is in communication connection with the gas filling flow rate control system.
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