CN112898276A - 一种查尔酮衍生物及其用途 - Google Patents
一种查尔酮衍生物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种查尔酮衍生物及其用途,所述查尔酮衍生物可用于抑制单胺氧化酶(MAO),并且特别是MAO‑B。同时该化合物可治疗由MAO介导的疾病,特别是由MAO‑B介导的疾病;所述疾病选自神经退行性病症:例如,脑损伤、脑卒中,创伤性脑损伤、焦虑症、情绪障碍、自闭症、血管性痴呆、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病,创伤依赖性认知功能丧失(与脑血管疾病、头损伤或脑外伤相关)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种查尔酮衍生物及其作为治疗神经退行性药物中的用途。
背景技术
氧化应激是由活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)自由基介导的,包括超氧阴离子、过氧化氢和羟基自由基等。在正常生理条件下,ROS生成水平与机体抗氧化能力处于动态平衡状态,当ROS的产生超过细胞抗氧化能力则会发生氧化应激(Oxidativestress),而大脑对氧化应激尤为敏感,从而诱发多种神经系统疾病。另有研究发现,缺血性脑卒中、出血性脑卒中以及脑外伤引起的神经损伤等也与机体的氧化应激和神经炎症相关。
单胺氧化酶(MAO,EC1.4.3.4)是黄素依赖性代谢酶,负责内源性胺能神经递质和异生胺类的氧化脱氨作用。有两种已报导的MAO同工型,MAO-A和MAO-B,它们由两个独立的基因产生(Bach等,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,1988,85,4934-4938)。两种形式的MAO均在全身以不同量分布于多种组织中;在人脑中,MAO-B比MAO-A更多地存在(Saura等,Neuroscience,1996,70,755-774)。
通过MAO氧化脱胺需要辅因子FAD且导致相应的醛的形成,所述醛通常由醛脱氢酶(ALDH)迅速氧化成羧酸。这些反应的副产物包括神经毒性物质,例如过氧化氢和氨。例如,过氧化氢可触发ROS的产生且诱发粒线体损伤和神经元细胞凋亡。因此适当调节MAO在保持适当神经系统功能方面表现的很重要。
选择性MAO-B抑制剂用于神经疾病已知一段时间了(Bentue-Ferrer等,CNSDrugs,1996,6,217-236)。用于治疗抑郁症的大多数早期的MAO抑制剂是不可逆的抑制剂,相比于MAO-A,对MAO-B的选择性很低。这可能是成问题的,因为有与以下两方面相关的副作用:被不可逆抑制的酶随后不能有效地代谢饮食胺类,这与心血管问题有关(“干酪效应(cheese effect)”),以及与其他由MAO-B代谢的药物的药物-药物相互作用的可能性。更近的药物,包括司立吉林和雷沙吉兰,尽管仍是不可逆抑制剂,但具有对MAO-B的更好的选择性,并且副作用特征更佳(Chen和Swope,J.Clin.Pharmacol.,2005,45,878-94)。目前需要这样的化合物,其用于提高认知功能,并用于治疗神经退行性疾病,并且需要这样的化合物,其能够普遍改善人的认知。优选地,这样的药剂比现有疗法更有效和/或副作用更少。
因此,需要开发新的单胺氧化酶抑制剂,例如展示较高效能、较好的选择性和较佳副作用的单胺氧化酶抑制剂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供了一种查尔酮衍生物,其能够用于用作单胺氧化酶抑制剂。
本发明的第一个方面,是提供一种式I所示化合物及其药学上可接受的盐,其具有如下结构:
优选地,所述药学上可接受的盐选自:盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐、乙烷磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐或水杨酸盐;
本发明的另一方面提供一种制备式I化合物的方法,其合成路线如下:
具体反应步骤如下:
步骤1):将2-溴-6-(溴甲基)吡啶和亚磷酸三乙酯加入到反应瓶中,100-160℃下反应4-24小时;反应结束后,经分离纯化得到中间体1;
步骤2):在0℃下将中间体1、四氢-4H-吡喃-4-酮和有机溶剂加入到反应瓶中,加入碱,搅拌反应2分钟后,转移至室温继续反应2-8小时;经后处理得到中间体2;
步骤3):将中间体2、(E)-3-(4-氟苯基)丙烯酸(化合物4)、碱、碘化亚铜、(1R,2R)-N1,N2-二甲基环己烷-1,2-二胺(122mg,0.86mmol)、水和甲苯加入到反应瓶中,氮气保护下115℃继续反应6-24小时;经分离纯化得到式I化合物。
优选地,步骤一:2-溴-6-(溴甲基)吡啶和亚磷酸三乙酯的摩尔比为:1:1-3,优选为1:1.75;反应温度为140℃;反应时间为12小时;
步骤二:中间体1和四氢-4H-吡喃-4-酮的摩尔比为:1:1-3,优选为1:1.8-2.2;所述碱为氢化钠;反应时间为6小时;
步骤三:中间体2和(E)-3-(4-氟苯基)丙烯酸的摩尔比为:1:1.5-2.0。
本发明的另一方面提供一种药物组合物,其包含式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂。
本发明另一方面涉及一种式I化合物及其药学上可接受的盐或包含其药物组合物在制备单胺氧化酶抑制剂中的用途;特别是制备单胺氧化酶-B抑制剂中的用途。同时该化合物可治疗由MAO介导的疾病,特别是由MAO-B介导的疾病;所述疾病选自神经退行性病症:例如,脑损伤、脑卒中,创伤性脑损伤、焦虑症、情绪障碍、自闭症、血管性痴呆、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病,创伤依赖性认知功能丧失(与脑血管疾病、头损伤或脑外伤相关)。
定义:
在某些实施方案中,药学上可接受的形式是药学上可接受的盐,药学上可接受的盐在本领域中是熟知的。药学上可接受的盐的实例是诸如盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硫酸、高氯酸、乙酸、草酸、顺丁烯二酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、丁二酸或丙二酸、乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、草酸、乳酸、三氟乙酸、甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸等与化合物形成盐的形式。
“药学上可接受的载体”或“药学上可接受的赋形剂”包括任何和所有溶剂、分散介质、包覆剂、等张剂和吸收延迟剂等。药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂不破坏公开的化合物的药理学活性,并且在以足以递送治疗量的化合物的剂量施用时是无毒的。药物活性物质的所述介质和试剂的使用在本领域中是熟知的。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明提供了一类新的MAO抑制剂,尤其是MAO-B抑制剂,拓宽了现有的具有MAO抑制活性的化合物,可作为先导化合物继续优化;
(2)本发明化合物具有选择性抑制活性,对MAO-B的抑制活性远大于MAO-A,可选择性治疗神经退行性疾病,降低副作用。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例来具体说明本发明的内容。在本发明中,以下实施例是为了更好地阐述本发明,并不是用来限制本发明的范围。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
步骤1):将2-溴-6-(溴甲基)吡啶(25g,0.1mol)和亚磷酸三乙酯(30mL,0.18mmol)加入到150mL三口圆底烧瓶中,135℃下反应13小时;反应结束后,减压旋干,柱层析分离纯化得到中间体1为淡黄色油状物26.2g。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)7.49-7.51(t,1H),7.25-7.32(m,2H),4.12-4.06(m,4H),3.39(d,2H),1.22-1.28(t,6H).
步骤2):在0℃下将中间体2(4.62g,15mmol)、四氢-2H-吡喃(3.0g,30mmol)和四氢呋喃(80mL)加入到200mL单口圆底烧瓶中,加入氢化钠(0.7g,17.5mmol),搅拌反应20分钟后,转移至室温继续反应6.5小时;停止反应,加入水(150mL),再用二氯甲烷萃取(200mL×2),收集有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压旋干,柱层析分离纯化得到中间体2无色油状物3.56g。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)7.45-7.52(t,1H),7.33-7.36(d,1H),7.10-7.14(d,1H),6.33(s,1H),3.56-3.46(m,2H),3.49-3.40(m,2H),2.89(brs,2H),2.36-2.41(t,2H).
步骤3):将中间体2(381mg,1.5mmol)、(E)-3-(4-氟苯基)丙烯酸(化合物4)(415mg,2.50mmol)、碳酸钾1.50g、碘化亚铜290mg、(1R,2R)-N1,N2-二甲基环己烷-1,2-二胺150mg、水(2mL)和甲苯(10mL)加入到100mL单口圆底烧瓶中,氮气保护下115-120℃继续反应14小时;停止反应,加入水(20mL),再用二氯甲烷萃取(30mL×2),收集有机相,加入无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压旋干,柱层析分离纯化得到式I化合物为黄色固体,405mg。
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm)8.48(s,1H),7.87-7.65(m,3H),7.46-7.52(t,2H),7.32(d,1H),7.11(d,1H),6.30-6.35(m,2H),3.57-3.50(m,2H),3.48-3.40(m,2H),2.87(brs,2H),2.35-2.42(t,2H).
实施例2化合物(I)对单胺氧化酶A和B的抑制活性
用100mM的pH 7.4磷酸钾缓冲液将重组人MAO-A配成12.5μg/mL样品液,将MAO-B配成75μg/mL样品液。向黑色96孔板中加入待测化合物溶液20μL,单胺氧化酶80μL,混匀,37℃于避光处孵育15min,加入200μM Amplex Red试剂,2U/mL辣根过氧化物酶,2mM对羟基苯乙胺(抑制MAO-A)或2mM苯甲胺(抑制MAO-B)引发反应,37℃孵育20min,在多功能酶标仪上,以固定激发波长545nm,测590nm处荧光发射强度,以磷酸钾缓冲液代替MAO-A或MAO-B为空白;化合物抑制单胺氧化酶的抑制率计算公式为:100-(IFi)/(IFc)*100,式中,IFi和IFc分别为存在抑制剂和无抑制剂下的荧光强度与空白荧光强度的差。
每次测定3个复孔,每组实验独立重复三次。分别按0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、16、32、64、128μmol/L为终浓度加入96孔板中,测定其酶抑制率,并以该化合物摩尔浓度的负对数与酶的抑制率线性回归,求得50%抑制率时的摩尔浓度即为该化合物的IC50。
测定结果表明,本发明实施例中所公开的化合物(I)对MAO-B具有显著抑制作用,其IC50为0.37μM;对MAO-A抑制的IC50为43.46μM,说明本发明所公开的化合物对MAO-B和MAO-A具有良好的抑制作用,尤其是对MAO-B具有选择性抑制作用。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,所述药学上可接受的盐选自:盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐、乙烷磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐或水杨酸盐。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
步骤1):将2-溴-6-(溴甲基)吡啶和亚磷酸三乙酯加入到反应瓶中,100-160℃下反应4-24小时;反应结束后,经分离纯化得到中间体1;
步骤2):在0℃下将中间体1、四氢-4H-吡喃-4-酮和有机溶剂加入到反应瓶中,加入碱,搅拌反应20分钟后,转移至室温继续反应2-8小时;经后处理得到中间体2;
步骤3):将中间体2、(E)-3-(4-氟苯基)丙烯酸(化合物4)、碱、碘化亚铜、(1R,2R)-N1,N2-二甲基环己烷-1,2-二胺(122mg,0.86mmol)、水和甲苯加入到反应瓶中,氮气保护下115℃继续反应6-24小时;经分离纯化得到式I化合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤一:2-溴-6-(溴甲基)吡啶和亚磷酸三乙酯的摩尔比为:1:1-3,优选为1:1.75;反应温度为140℃;反应时间为12小时;
步骤二:中间体1和四氢-4H-吡喃-4-酮的摩尔比为:1:1-3,优选为1:1.8-2.2;所述碱为氢化钠;反应时间为6小时;
步骤三:中间体2和(E)-3-(4-氟苯基)丙烯酸的摩尔比为:1:1.5-2.0。
6.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-2中任一项所述式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体。
7.权利要求1-2中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或权利要求6所述的药物组合物在制备由单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAO)介导的疾病中的用途。
8.如权利要求7所述的用途,所述疾病是由MAO-B介导。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的用途,所述疾病选自脑损伤、脑卒中、焦虑症、情绪障碍、自闭症、血管性痴呆、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病。
10.如权利要求7或8所述的用途,所述疾病选自创伤性脑损伤、创伤依赖性认知功能丧失。
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