CN112894122A - Aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112894122A CN112894122A CN202110087195.8A CN202110087195A CN112894122A CN 112894122 A CN112894122 A CN 112894122A CN 202110087195 A CN202110087195 A CN 202110087195A CN 112894122 A CN112894122 A CN 112894122A
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
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- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
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Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships and warships and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the trapezoidal through groove is formed on the steel surface, and the heat input of aluminum/steel during friction stir processing is reduced by using the threaded conical stirring head, so that the formation of metal compounds is effectively inhibited, the dual combination effect of metallurgical combination and mechanical interlocking combination during the combination of the aluminum/steel and the steel is realized, and the problems of interface cracking and the like are effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of aluminum/steel composite transition joints for ships, and particularly relates to an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Generally, an aluminum/steel composite material is widely used in ships because it has the advantages of a small aluminum alloy specific gravity, good electrical conductivity and good corrosion resistance, and has the characteristic of high strength of steel, thereby realizing light weight. The aluminum-steel composite transition joint for the ships is a key material for effectively connecting the aluminum alloy superstructure with the steel structure, because the physical characteristics of aluminum and steel are large in difference and poor in metallurgical compatibility, intermetallic compounds are easily generated at the interface of the aluminum and the steel, and when the thickness of the intermetallic compounds is too thick, hard and brittle intermetallic compounds can be generated, so that the brittleness of the joint is increased, and the aluminum-steel composite transition joint cannot be effectively connected by adopting a direct fusion welding mode. The aluminum-steel composite transition joint solves the problems of low strength, poor sealing performance and the like of traditional riveting and bolt connection, realizes the welding of a composite transition joint compound layer and a base layer with the same material by a conventional welding method respectively, ensures the welding quality, greatly reduces the self weight of a ship, has important effects of improving the carrying capacity of the ship, reducing the gravity center of the ship, increasing the stability of the ship in the sailing process, improving the sailing speed and the like, can effectively avoid the contact welding of a steel ship structure and an aluminum alloy structure, and can meet the requirements of structural continuity, sealing performance and certain strength.
At present, most of transition joints for ships are manufactured by adopting an explosion cladding method, so that standard specifications for guiding the application and detection of the transition joints are gradually formed, and certain achievements are obtained in the actual ship application of the transition joints. However, the interface of explosion cladding is a weak link, the vortex formed at the interface is a key factor influencing the fatigue performance of the composite transition joint, the cavity generated at the edge of the vortex can also be a crack source of the transition joint, most importantly, intermetallic compounds can appear during explosion cladding, the performance of the aluminum/steel composite material is almost completely determined by the formation of the intermetallic compounds, the mechanical property of the composite material can be reduced by too much intermetallic compounds, and the intermetallic compounds become a main cause of the interface cracking of the transition joint, so that the problem of how to inhibit the generation of the intermetallic compounds during the explosion cladding of the aluminum/steel composite material is always a difficult problem.
The friction stir processing is a low heat input processing method evolved from friction stir welding, and the basic principle is that the processed material is subjected to severe plastic deformation, mixing and crushing under the strong stirring action of a stirring head, so that the densification, homogenization and refinement of a microstructure are realized, and the material performance is further improved. The friction stir processing reduces the heat generation of a stirring area due to the characteristic of low heat input, can effectively control the growth of an aluminum/steel intermetallic compound, and realizes the dual connection function of metallurgical bonding and mechanical bonding of aluminum/steel by the strong stirring action of the stirring pin and the mechanical interlocking between the steel and the aluminum to prepare the composite material with better quality. Aiming at the unique advantages of friction stir processing in the aspect of aluminum/steel connection, the hot point problem in the field is that the friction stir processing is utilized to prepare the aluminum/steel composite material. However, the conventional friction stir processing for preparing aluminum/steel composite materials still has some problems, such as the fact that the stirring pin needs to be inserted into the steel due to the high strength and hardness of the steel, on one hand, the abrasion of the stirring pin is high, and a stirring head with high strength and hardness, such as tungsten-rhenium alloy, is also used, so that the cost is high and the cost is high. On the other hand, the friction stir processing also generates intermetallic compounds at the aluminum/steel interface, which are less generated than explosive recombination, but the thickness of the aluminum/steel interface is difficult to control.
In recent years, due to the urgent need for an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships, a new and efficient method for preparing a transition joint with higher interface bonding strength, which can inhibit the generation of intermetallic compounds and reduce the abrasion of a stirring head, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the conventional technology, solve the problem that the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship prepared by the conventional technology cracks, improve the problems of wear of a stirring head and the like existing in the process of preparing the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship by a multi-pass friction stir processing technology, and provide the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship and the preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships is provided, wherein the aluminum-steel composite transition joint for ships is used for connecting aluminum alloy and a steel structure, and comprises the steps of arranging a plurality of trapezoidal through grooves which are parallel to each other on the surface of a steel plate, placing an aluminum plate on the steel plate, taking the arrangement direction of the trapezoidal through grooves as a processing direction, then enabling a stirring head with threads to penetrate through the aluminum plate to enter the trapezoidal through grooves, and carrying out stirring friction processing on the aluminum plate until the trapezoidal through grooves are completely filled with aluminum subjected to stirring friction processing, so that the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships is obtained;
the spacing distance between a plurality of adjacent trapezoidal through grooves is 1-5 mm, the angle of the bottom of each trapezoidal through groove is 45-60 degrees, and the depth of each trapezoidal through groove is 0.1-0.5 times of the thickness of the aluminum material.
Specifically, the steel plate is preheated before friction stir processing, the preheating temperature is 200-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-40 min.
Specifically, the rotating speed of the stirring head in the stirring friction processing process is 450-1600 rpm, the advancing speed is 60-500 mm/min, and the reduction of the shaft shoulder is 0.1-0.3 mm.
Furthermore, the thickness of the aluminum material is more than or equal to that of the steel material.
Specifically, the threaded stirring head comprises a threaded stirring pin and a shaft shoulder, and the diameter of the stirring pin comprises a root diameter and an end diameter;
the diameter of the end part is 0.4-0.8 times of the diameter of the root part, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 1.5-2.5 times of the diameter of the root part, and the length of the stirring needle is 0.2-0.4 times of the diameter of the shaft shoulder.
Specifically, the thread pitch of the stirring pin with the threads is 8% -10% of the root diameter.
Furthermore, the width d of the upper part of the trapezoidal through groove is 1-5 mm larger than the diameter of the root part;
the width l of the bottom of the trapezoidal through groove is calculated by the following formula:
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the steel plate surface is provided with a plurality of trapezoidal through grooves which are parallel to each other, the depth of each trapezoidal through groove is 1.8mm, the width of the upper part of each trapezoidal through groove is 8.0mm, the root angle of each trapezoidal through groove is 60 degrees, the width of the bottom of each trapezoidal through groove is 10.0mm, and the distance between every two trapezoidal through grooves is 1.0 mm;
placing the steel plate into a heating furnace, preheating to 300 ℃, and preserving heat for 10 min;
then placing an aluminum plate on a steel plate, and performing friction stir processing by using a stirring head with threads and taking the direction of the trapezoidal through groove as a processing direction to obtain an aluminum/steel composite transition joint;
the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head with the threads is 15mm, the diameters of the root part and the end part of the stirring needle are respectively 6.0mm and 3.5mm, the length is 6.5mm, and the thread pitch is 1.0 mm.
The aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships, which is prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships, is provided by the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ships, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the plurality of trapezoidal through grooves are processed on the surface of steel, the conical stirring head with threads is pricked into the middle part of the trapezoidal through grooves, the stirring pin is only stirred in aluminum, and the aluminum can be conveyed into the trapezoidal through grooves under the action of the threads of the stirring pin, so that the aluminum can be completely filled with plasticized aluminum without leaving holes. The method can reduce the problem of abrasion of the stirring pin caused by high steel hardness when the stirring pin is stirred in steel, and is favorable for obtaining good interface bonding strength.
2. Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a multi-pass same-direction stirring friction processing technology to combine the whole surfaces of the lapped aluminum/steel successfully to realize the preparation of the aluminum/steel composite material. According to the invention, the trapezoidal through groove is formed on the steel surface, the heat input of aluminum/steel during friction stir processing is reduced by using the threaded conical stirring head, the formation of metal compounds is effectively inhibited when proper parameters are matched, the dual combination effect of metallurgical combination and mechanical interlocking combination during the combination of the aluminum/steel and the steel is realized, the problems of cracking of an interface and the like are effectively avoided, and the aluminum/steel composite material with better mechanical property is prepared.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention for manufacturing an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships by multi-pass co-directional friction stir processing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention for machining trapezoidal through slots in a steel surface;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for a ship by processing a trapezoidal through groove on the steel surface and performing multi-pass same-direction friction stir processing.
FIG. 4 is a surface after friction stir processing and an interface of aluminum-steel bonding.
Fig. 5 shows the surface of the comparative example and the interface of the aluminum-steel bond.
Detailed Description
In the following, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, including by addition, deletion, modification, etc., without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In order to inhibit the generation of intermetallic compounds, reduce heat input and reduce the abrasion between the steel and the stirring head, a plurality of trapezoidal through grooves are processed on the surface of the steel. By utilizing the advantages of the friction stir processing technology and the advantages of the processed groove, the aluminum/steel composite material is successfully prepared by combining the advantages of the friction stir processing technology and the processed groove, the preparation method of the aluminum/steel composite material is enriched, and a new method is provided for guiding the aluminum/steel composite material.
The invention relates to an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships, which is a key material for effectively connecting an aluminum alloy superstructure with a steel structure, and is mainly used on ships. Because aluminum and steel are difficult to weld directly, the welding quality can be enhanced only by welding the aluminum and the aluminum, and welding the steel and the steel with the same material through the aluminum/steel composite transition joint. The method comprises the steps of arranging a plurality of trapezoidal through grooves which are parallel to each other on the surface of a steel plate, placing an aluminum plate on the steel plate, taking the arrangement direction of the trapezoidal through grooves as the machining direction, then enabling a stirring head with threads to penetrate through the aluminum plate to enter the trapezoidal through grooves, and carrying out friction stir machining on the aluminum plate until the aluminum subjected to friction stir machining is completely filled in the trapezoidal through grooves, so that the machining is completed, and the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship is obtained.
The aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships meets the performance index in aluminum-steel transition joint specification (CB 1343-1998).
The trapezoidal through groove is similar to a trapezoid in shape. The purpose of processing the trapezoidal through groove on the steel surface is to enable the aluminum to be completely filled in the trapezoidal through groove under the action of the stirring head after stirring, and a mechanical interlocking effect can be formed at the interface of the trapezoidal through groove and the stirring head. But also diffusion occurs at the aluminum/steel interface during friction stir processing, resulting in a metallurgical bond, resulting in higher bond strength.
As shown in fig. 2, the width of the upper portion of the trapezoidal through groove is d, the width of the bottom of the trapezoidal through groove is l, the angle of the bottom of the trapezoidal through groove is θ, and h is the depth.
The stirring head used for friction stir processing is pricked into the middle part of the trapezoidal through groove and not pricked into steel, only the molten aluminum after plastic deformation is sent into the trapezoidal through groove by the stirring head with threads, mechanical occlusion is formed between the molten aluminum and the base steel plate, and the mechanical property of the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship can be improved under the combined action of metallurgical bonding.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: after an aluminum plate and a steel plate are selected, firstly, a plurality of trapezoidal through grooves with the depth of 0.1-0.5 times of the thickness of the aluminum plate, the bottom angle of 45-60 degrees, the upper width of 2-4 mm more than the diameter of a stirring pin and the spacing distance between adjacent grooves of 1-5 mm are machined on the surface of the steel plate along the rolling direction, then, the surfaces of the aluminum plate and the steel plate are cleaned, then, the preheated steel plate is overlapped in a mode that the aluminum plate is arranged above and below, a specially-made conical stirring head with threads is aligned to the middle part of the groove to be subjected to one-way stirring friction machining, after each one-way stirring friction machining is finished, the stirring head is moved by the spacing distance of one adjacent trapezoidal through groove to be subjected to the next one-way stirring friction machining, and the steps are repeated to enable the surface of the aluminum/steel to be.
The starting materials in the present invention are all commercially available.
Example 1:
with reference to the attached drawings, the embodiment provides a method for manufacturing an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships, which includes the steps of arranging a plurality of trapezoidal through grooves parallel to each other on the surface of a steel plate, placing an aluminum plate on the steel plate, taking the arrangement direction of the trapezoidal through grooves as a machining direction, then enabling a stirring head with threads to penetrate through the aluminum plate to enter the trapezoidal through grooves, performing stirring friction machining on the aluminum plate until the trapezoidal through grooves are completely filled with aluminum subjected to stirring friction machining, and completing machining to obtain the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ships;
the spacing distance between a plurality of adjacent trapezoidal through grooves is 1-5 mm, the angle of the bottom of each trapezoidal through groove is 45-75 degrees, and the depth of each trapezoidal through groove is 0.1-0.5 times of the thickness of the aluminum material.
The depth of the trapezoidal through grooves is 1.8mm, the width of the upper parts of the trapezoidal through grooves is 8.0mm, the angle of the root parts of the trapezoidal through grooves is 60 degrees, the width of the bottom parts of the trapezoidal through grooves is 10.0mm, and the distance between every two trapezoidal through grooves is 1.0 mm;
placing the steel plate into a heating furnace, preheating to 300 ℃, and preserving heat for 10 min;
parameters of the threaded mixing head of the present example: h13 tool steel is selected, the diameter of a shaft shoulder is 15mm, the diameter of the root part and the diameter of the end part of a stirring pin are respectively 6.0mm and 3.5mm, the length of the stirring pin is 6.5mm, and the stirring pin is provided with a right-handed threaded conical stirring head with the thread pitch of 1.0 mm.
In this embodiment, a 5083 aluminum alloy plate for ships and a B-class steel plate for ships and having a specification of 300mm × 300mm × 5mm are selected, the aluminum alloy plate for 5083 ships and the B-class steel plate for ships and having a specification of 300mm × 300mm × 5mm are polished by an angle grinder, and then are scrubbed clean by alcohol and are dried by a blower. And cleaning the surface of the steel plate for the B-level ship by using a water milling machine.
In the embodiment, a 5083 aluminum alloy plate for ships is placed on a B-level steel plate for ships, a stirring head with threads is adopted to perform stirring friction processing by taking the direction of a trapezoidal through groove as a processing direction, and the rotating speed and the advancing speed of the selected stirring head are respectively 1000rpm and 400mm/min during the stirring friction processing; the reduction of the shaft shoulder is 0.2mm, and the inclination angle of the stirring needle is 2.5 degrees.
During processing, the stirring head is placed in the middle of the trapezoidal through groove, so that the stirring needle can be just pricked in the middle of the trapezoidal through groove when being pricked downwards, the stirring needle is ensured to be in the middle of the trapezoidal through groove, molten aluminum can be fully filled into the groove, multi-pass same-direction stirring friction repeated processing is adopted until the aluminum/steel surface is completely processed, the whole surface combination is achieved, and the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship is prepared.
This example successfully produced an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships, as shown in FIG. 4(a), which had a bright surface and was free of defects. When the interface was observed by a scanning electron microscope, the interface bonding portion had no gap and holes as shown in FIG. 4 (b). The photograph shows that the joint interface is straight and clearly visible, indicating that the aluminum is fully extruded into the trapezoidal channel. And BSD pictures show that no intermetallic compound is generated on the interface.
The six samples of the example were subjected to room temperature lap shear tensile testing using a tensile rate of 2.54 mm/min. The six values were averaged to meet the performance set forth in aluminum-steel transition joint Specification (CB 1343-1998) drafted by Severe. Scanning electron micrographs showed breaks at the aluminum, indicating good interfacial bonding.
The embodiment also gives an example that the bottom angle of the trapezoidal through groove is 45 degrees, and a similar effect can be achieved. The rotating speed of the stirring head in the stirring and rubbing process is 1600rpm, the advancing speed is 450mm/min, and the reduction of the shaft shoulder is 0.1 mm.
Example 2:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the upper width, the bottom angle, and the tail angle of the trapezoidal through groove are changed. The parameters of the trapezoidal through-slots are shown in the following table:
the serial number 1 shows that the shearing strength is low due to the fact that the bottom angle of the trapezoidal through groove is too small, the meshing effect of aluminum and a steel plate is weak; the sequence number 2 shows that the trapezoidal through groove is not completely filled with aluminum due to the fact that the bottom angle is too large, and the bonding strength is reduced; the serial number 3 shows that after the depth of the trapezoidal through groove is increased, holes are generated at the interface, and the mechanical property of the trapezoidal through groove is influenced.
Comparative example
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that: a trapezoidal through groove is not machined in the surface of steel, only a 5083 aluminum plate and a B-grade steel plate for ships are overlapped by 100% and then subjected to multi-pass and same-direction friction stir machining, as shown in fig. 5(a), the obtained surface has large holes and furrows, the surface formability is extremely poor, and the mechanical property of a joint is seriously influenced. When the interface was observed by a scanning electron microscope, as shown in FIG. 5(b), the steel was distributed in the aluminum after the processing due to the stirring and crushing action of the friction stir processing, and the interface was irregular. And the interface has tunnel type holes, and the binding capacity is poor. Six specimens were tested using a 2.54 mm/min pull rate. The six values were averaged to a maximum load of 850N/mm and an extension at maximum load of 0.83 mm.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and therefore all equivalent variations made by the following claims should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships is characterized by comprising the steps of arranging a plurality of trapezoidal through grooves which are parallel to each other on the surface of a steel plate, placing an aluminum plate on the steel plate, taking the arrangement direction of the trapezoidal through grooves as a machining direction, penetrating a stirring head with threads into the trapezoidal through grooves through the aluminum plate, carrying out stirring friction machining on the aluminum plate until the trapezoidal through grooves are completely filled with aluminum subjected to stirring friction machining, and finishing machining to obtain the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ships;
the spacing distance between a plurality of adjacent trapezoidal through grooves is 1-5 mm, the angle of the bottom of each trapezoidal through groove is 45-60 degrees, and the depth of each trapezoidal through groove is 0.1-0.5 times of the thickness of the aluminum material.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship according to claim 1, wherein the steel plate is preheated at 200-500 ℃ for 10-40 min before the friction stir processing.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the stirring head in the stirring friction processing process is 450-1600 rpm, the advancing speed is 60-500 mm/min, and the reduction of the shaft shoulder is 0.1-0.3 mm.
4. The method for preparing an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships and warships according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the aluminum material is greater than or equal to that of the steel material.
5. The method for preparing an aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships and warships according to claim 1, wherein the threaded pin comprises a threaded pin and a shoulder, and the pin diameter comprises a root diameter and an end diameter;
the diameter of the end part is 0.4-0.8 times of the diameter of the root part, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 1.5-2.5 times of the diameter of the root part, and the length of the stirring needle is 0.2-0.4 times of the diameter of the shaft shoulder.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship according to claim 5, wherein the thread pitch of the threaded stirring pin is 8-10% of the root diameter.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship according to claim 5, wherein the width d of the upper part of the trapezoidal through groove is 1-5 mm larger than the diameter of the root part;
the width l of the bottom of the trapezoidal through groove is calculated by the following formula:
8. The method for preparing the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for the ship according to claim 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the steel plate surface is provided with a plurality of trapezoidal through grooves which are parallel to each other, the depth of each trapezoidal through groove is 1.8mm, the width of the upper part of each trapezoidal through groove is 8.0mm, the root angle of each trapezoidal through groove is 60 degrees, the width of the bottom of each trapezoidal through groove is 10.0mm, and the distance between every two trapezoidal through grooves is 1.0 mm;
placing the steel plate into a heating furnace, preheating to 300 ℃, and preserving heat for 10 min;
then placing an aluminum plate on a steel plate, and performing friction stir processing by using a stirring head with threads and taking the direction of the trapezoidal through groove as a processing direction to obtain an aluminum/steel composite transition joint;
the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head with the threads is 15mm, the diameters of the root part and the end part of the stirring needle are respectively 6.0mm and 3.5mm, the length is 6.5mm, and the thread pitch is 1.0 mm.
9. The aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships, which is prepared by the method for preparing the aluminum/steel composite transition joint for ships of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN113967784A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-01-25 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Large-size aluminum-steel reaction auxiliary heat toughening friction welding method |
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