CN112892210A - Deuterium purification device - Google Patents
Deuterium purification device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112892210A CN112892210A CN202011399921.1A CN202011399921A CN112892210A CN 112892210 A CN112892210 A CN 112892210A CN 202011399921 A CN202011399921 A CN 202011399921A CN 112892210 A CN112892210 A CN 112892210A
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D59/22—Separation by extracting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a deuterium purification device, and belongs to the technical field of deuterium purification. The purification device comprises a separation heat exchanger, a separation column, a closed cavity, a temperature regulation compressor, a butterfly valve, a reflux valve, a four-way reversing valve, a reflux column and a reflux heat exchanger, wherein the closed cavity is divided into the separation cavity and the reflux cavity through the butterfly valve, the separation heat exchanger and the separation column are installed in the separation cavity, the reflux heat exchanger and the reflux column are installed in the reflux cavity, the separation heat exchanger and the reflux heat exchanger are correspondingly connected to two ends of a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the temperature regulation compressor through the four-way reversing valve, the separation column and the reflux column are communicated through the reflux valve, the separation column is filled with a palladium-loaded porous material, the reflux column is filled with an A-type molecular sieve, and a liquid heat. The purification device provided by the invention improves the energy utilization rate, greatly reduces the energy consumption, improves the heat exchange efficiency, enables the adsorption and release processes to be faster, and improves the separation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a deuterium purification device, and belongs to the technical field of deuterium purification.
Background
The current main deuterium gas preparation technologies are: liquid hydrogen rectification technology, electrolytic heavy water technology, metal hydride technology, laser technology, gas chromatography technology and the like. Although the energy consumption in the electrolysis process of the deuterium electrolysis technology is high, the relevant theory and preparation equipment of the deuterium electrolysis technology are relatively mature, the prepared deuterium gas has high purity, and the post-treatment cost is reduced, so the deuterium gas is mainly prepared by the deuterium electrolysis technology at present.
The biggest technical problem in the application process of the heavy water electrolysis technology is the problems of deuterium purification and impurity removal, and the impurities of the deuterium prepared by adopting the technology mainly comprise: protium, O2、N2And a small amount of D2O impurities, and the like. Wherein protium is the largest impurity in the preparation of deuterium gas for electrolysis of heavy water. Protium removal is usually performed using a Thermal Cycle Adsorption Process (TCAP), which is a well-known hydrogen isotope separation technique using a separation column comprising a chromatographic column packed with a palladium-loaded porous material and a reflux column; the solubility of hydrogen isotope in palladium shows obvious isotope effect, so that the palladium-carrying column is constantly in cold-hot circulation of half-cycle high temperature and half-cycle low temperature to remove impurities and obtain high-purity deuterium gas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a deuterium gas purification device, which improves the energy utilization rate and solves the problems of high energy consumption and low separation efficiency.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A deuterium gas purification device comprises a separation heat exchanger, a separation column, a closed cavity, a temperature regulation compressor, a butterfly valve, a reflux valve, a four-way reversing valve, a reflux column and a reflux heat exchanger;
the butterfly valve is arranged on the closed cavity and divides the closed cavity into a separation cavity and a backflow cavity; a separation heat exchanger and a separation column are arranged in the separation cavity, and a reflux heat exchanger and a reflux column are arranged in the reflux cavity; the separation heat exchanger and the reflux heat exchanger are correspondingly connected with two ends of a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the temperature regulation compressor through a four-way reversing valve, the separation column is communicated with the reflux column through a reflux valve, a palladium-loaded porous material is filled in the separation column, and an A-type molecular sieve with an isotope effect opposite to that of palladium is filled in the reflux column; a first outlet is arranged at one end of the separation cavity far away from the reflux cavity, a second outlet is arranged at one end of the reflux cavity far away from the separation cavity, and a charging opening communicated with the separation column is arranged on the separation cavity; the liquid heat transfer medium is filled in the separation cavity and the backflow cavity.
Furthermore, the separation column is composed of more than one (including one) spiral stainless steel tube; when the number of the spiral stainless steel pipes is more than two, the two ends and the middle part of the spiral stainless steel pipes are respectively communicated with the two spiral stainless steel pipes through the annular stainless steel pipes; correspondingly, a stirring paddle is arranged on the central axis of the separation column;
the reflux column consists of more than one spiral stainless steel pipe; when the number of the spiral stainless steel pipes is more than two, the two ends of the spiral stainless steel pipe are respectively communicated with the two spiral stainless steel pipes through the annular stainless steel pipe.
Furthermore, the separating heat exchanger is formed by annularly arranging more than two (including two) U-shaped heat exchange tubes, and the open ends of the U-shaped heat exchange tubes are communicated with the more than two U-shaped heat exchange tubes through the annular heat exchange tubes; correspondingly, the separation columns are spirally arranged in the U-shaped gap of the U-shaped heat exchange tube;
the reflux heat exchanger is formed by annularly arranging more than two U-shaped heat exchange tubes, and the open ends of the U-shaped heat exchange tubes are communicated with the more than two U-shaped heat exchange tubes through the annular heat exchange tubes; correspondingly, the reflux columns are spirally arranged in the U-shaped gap of the U-shaped heat exchange tube.
Further, a first electronic expansion valve is connected between the shunting heat exchanger and the reflux heat exchanger.
Furthermore, a first servo proportional valve is connected between the four-way reversing valve and the separating heat exchanger, a second servo proportional valve is connected between the four-way reversing valve and the reflux heat exchanger, and the first servo proportional valve and the second servo proportional valve are connected through a first compensating heat exchanger, a second electronic expansion valve and a second compensating heat exchanger in sequence.
Furthermore, the side wall of the closed cavity is made of heat insulation material.
The operation of deuterium gas purification by the purification device is as follows:
filling mixed gas to be treated into a separation column through a feeding port;
step two, starting a temperature adjusting compressor, controlling a four-way reversing valve to vacuumize a separating heat exchanger, using the separating heat exchanger as an evaporator for refrigeration, compressing a refrigeration medium in a separating cavity to apply work to generate heat, increasing the temperature of a reflux column through the liquid heat conduction medium and heat radiation, and accelerating palladium to absorb protium with lighter molecular weight in mixed gas;
opening a butterfly valve to mix liquid heat conduction media in the separation cavity and the reflux cavity for heat exchange, so that the separation column can be heated initially, meanwhile, the liquid heat conduction media after heat exchange can reduce the temperature of the reflux column, after the separation cavity and the reflux cavity reach heat balance, controlling a four-way reversing valve to ensure that a temperature adjusting compressor vacuumizes the reflux heat exchanger, the refrigeration media in the separation heat exchanger is compressed to do work and then generates heat, the protium absorbed by palladium is released by the increase of the temperature of the separation column, and the temperature reduction of the reflux column accelerates the molecular sieve to adsorb deuterium;
and step four, circulating the step two and the step three, namely separating high-purity deuterium easily, and discharging protium and deuterium after separation through the arranged first outlet and the second outlet.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the separation heat exchanger and the reflux heat exchanger are arranged in the separation cavity and the reflux cavity, and the separation heat exchanger and the reflux heat exchanger share the same temperature regulation compressor, so that the structure can efficiently utilize the temperature regulation compressor to respectively carry out refrigeration and heating, the energy utilization rate is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced;
(2) a plurality of spiral stainless steel pipes are used as the separation column and the reflux column, so that the heat exchange area is increased, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the adsorption and release processes are quicker;
(3) the liquid heat-conducting medium through filling can be better carry out heat-conduction to separation column and backward flow post, can improve the speed that the device cold and hot switched through stirring rake and the butterfly valve that sets up, reduce the use of compressor, it is more energy-conserving.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a deuterium gas purification apparatus after a sealed cavity is cut open.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a deuterium gas purification apparatus.
3 fig. 3 3 3 is 3 a 3 cross 3- 3 sectional 3 view 3 at 3 a 3- 3 a 3 in 3 fig. 3 2 3. 3
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the installation position of the stirring paddle in the separation column.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship of the respective components of the temperature control part in the purification apparatus of deuterium gas.
The device comprises a separation column 1, a feed inlet 101, a first outlet 102, a reflux column 2, a second outlet 201, a separation cavity 3, a separation heat exchanger 301, a reflux cavity 4, a reflux heat exchanger 401, a reflux valve 5, a butterfly valve 6 and a stirring paddle 7.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
A deuterium gas purification device comprises a separation heat exchanger 301, a separation column 1, a closed cavity, a temperature regulation compressor, a butterfly valve 6, a reflux valve 5, a four-way reversing valve, a reflux column 2 and a reflux heat exchanger 401;
the separation column 1 is composed of eight spiral stainless steel pipes, and the eight spiral stainless steel pipes are communicated with each other through annular stainless steel pipes at two ends and the middle part of each spiral stainless steel pipe respectively, as shown in fig. 1;
the reflux column 2 is composed of eight spiral stainless steel pipes, and the eight spiral stainless steel pipes are communicated with each other at two ends of the spiral stainless steel pipes through annular stainless steel pipes respectively, as shown in figure 1;
the separating heat exchanger 301 is formed by annularly arranging eight U-shaped heat exchange tubes, and the open ends of the U-shaped heat exchange tubes communicate the eight U-shaped heat exchange tubes through the annular heat exchange tubes, as shown in fig. 1;
the reflux heat exchanger 401 is formed by annularly arranging eight U-shaped heat exchange tubes, and the open ends of the U-shaped heat exchange tubes communicate the eight U-shaped heat exchange tubes through the annular heat exchange tubes, as shown in fig. 1;
the side wall of the closed cavity is made of heat insulation materials (such as glass fiber);
with reference to fig. 1 to 4, the assembling relationship among the components is as follows: the butterfly valve 6 is arranged on the closed cavity and divides the closed cavity into a separation cavity 3 and a backflow cavity 4; a separation heat exchanger 301 and a separation column 1 are arranged in the separation cavity 3, the separation column 1 is spirally arranged in an annular gap formed by U-shaped gaps of eight U-shaped heat exchange tubes in the separation heat exchanger 301, and a palladium-loaded porous material (such as a palladium-loaded porous ceramic material) is filled in the separation column 1; a reflux heat exchanger 401 and a reflux column 2 are arranged in the reflux cavity 4, the reflux column 2 is spirally arranged in an annular gap formed by U-shaped gaps of eight U-shaped heat exchange tubes in the reflux heat exchanger 401, and a 4A type molecular sieve having an isotope effect opposite to that of palladium is filled in the reflux column 2; the separation heat exchanger 301 and the reflux heat exchanger 401 are correspondingly connected to two ends of a liquid inlet and outlet of the temperature regulation compressor through a four-way reversing valve, and the separation column 1 is communicated with the reflux column 2 through a reflux valve 5; a stirring paddle 7 is arranged on the central axis of the separation column 1; a first outlet 102 is arranged at one end of the separation cavity 3 far away from the reflux cavity 4, a second outlet 201 is arranged at one end of the reflux cavity 4 far away from the separation cavity 3, and a feed inlet communicated with an annular stainless steel pipe in the middle of the separation column 1 is arranged on the separation cavity 3; a liquid heat transfer medium (e.g., heat transfer oil) is filled in the separation chamber 3 and the reflow chamber 4.
The operation of purifying deuterium gas by using the purification device of the embodiment is as follows:
filling mixed gas to be treated into a separation column 1 through a feed inlet 101;
step two, starting a temperature regulation compressor, controlling a four-way reversing valve to vacuumize the separation heat exchanger 301, refrigerating the separation heat exchanger 301 as an evaporator, reducing the temperature of the separation column 1 by using a liquid heat conduction medium in a separation cavity 3, compressing a refrigerating medium (such as Freon) in the reflux heat exchanger 401 by the temperature regulation compressor to do work and generate heat, increasing the temperature of the reflux column 2 by using the liquid heat conduction medium and heat radiation, and accelerating the palladium to absorb protium with lighter molecular weight in the mixed gas by reducing the temperature of the separation column 1;
step three, opening the butterfly valve 6 first, so that the liquid heat transfer medium in the separation cavity 3 and the backflow cavity 4 is mixed for heat exchange, the separation column 1 can be heated up preliminarily, meanwhile, the liquid heat transfer medium after heat exchange can reduce the temperature of the backflow column 2, when the separation cavity 3 and the backflow cavity 4 reach heat balance, the four-way reversing valve is controlled, the temperature adjusting compressor is used for vacuumizing the backflow heat exchanger 401, the refrigeration medium in the separation heat exchanger 301 is compressed and does work to generate heat, the protium absorbed by palladium is released by the temperature rise of the separation column 1, and the temperature reduction of the backflow column 2 accelerates the molecular sieve to absorb deuterium;
and step four, circulating the step two and the step three, namely separating high-purity deuterium easily, and discharging protium and deuterium after the protium and deuterium are separated through the arranged first outlet 102 and the second outlet 201.
Example 2
The deuterium gas purification apparatus in this embodiment is different from that in embodiment 1 in that a first electronic expansion valve is connected between the flow-dividing heat exchanger 301 and the reflux heat exchanger 401; a first servo proportional valve is connected between the four-way reversing valve and the separation heat exchanger 301, a second servo proportional valve is connected between the four-way reversing valve and the reflux heat exchanger 401, and the first servo proportional valve and the second servo proportional valve are connected through a first compensation heat exchanger, a second electronic expansion valve and a second compensation heat exchanger in sequence, as shown in fig. 5.
The difference between the use of the purification apparatus for deuterium gas in this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the temperature in the separation chamber 3 and the temperature in the return chamber 4 can be controlled more precisely by adding the electronic expansion valve, the servo proportional valve and the compensating heat exchanger. The servo proportional valve can control the amount of refrigerant flowing into the compensation heat exchanger, when the temperature of one end of the separation heat exchanger 301 is reduced to a set temperature, redundant heat is generated at one end of the reflux heat exchanger 401, the refrigerant can be distributed into the second compensation heat exchanger through the arranged second servo proportional valve, and finally flows back into the compressor after sequentially passing through the second electronic expansion valve and the first compensation heat exchanger, so that the compensation of the reflux heat exchanger 401 is completed. The first compensating heat exchanger is not described in detail for the compensating process approximation of the separating heat exchanger 301.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A deuterium gas purification device is characterized in that: the purification device comprises a separation heat exchanger, a separation column, a closed cavity, a temperature regulation compressor, a butterfly valve, a reflux valve, a four-way reversing valve, a reflux column and a reflux heat exchanger;
the butterfly valve is arranged on the closed cavity and divides the closed cavity into a separation cavity and a backflow cavity; a separation heat exchanger and a separation column are arranged in the separation cavity, and a reflux heat exchanger and a reflux column are arranged in the reflux cavity; the separation heat exchanger and the reflux heat exchanger are correspondingly connected to two ends of a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet of the temperature regulation compressor through a four-way reversing valve, the separation column is communicated with the reflux column through a reflux valve, a palladium-loaded porous material is filled in the separation column, and an A-type molecular sieve is filled in the reflux column; a first outlet is arranged at one end of the separation cavity far away from the reflux cavity, a second outlet is arranged at one end of the reflux cavity far away from the separation cavity, and a charging opening communicated with the separation column is arranged on the separation cavity; the liquid heat transfer medium is filled in the separation cavity and the backflow cavity.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the separation column consists of more than one spiral stainless steel pipe; when the number of the spiral stainless steel pipes is more than two, the two ends and the middle part of the spiral stainless steel pipes are respectively communicated with the two spiral stainless steel pipes through the annular stainless steel pipes;
the reflux column consists of more than one spiral stainless steel pipe; when the number of the spiral stainless steel pipes is more than two, the two ends of the spiral stainless steel pipe are respectively communicated with the two spiral stainless steel pipes through the annular stainless steel pipe.
3. The apparatus for purifying deuterium gas as recited in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the separating heat exchanger is formed by annularly arranging more than two U-shaped heat exchange tubes, and the open ends of the U-shaped heat exchange tubes are communicated with the more than two U-shaped heat exchange tubes through the annular heat exchange tubes;
the reflux heat exchanger is formed by annularly arranging more than two U-shaped heat exchange tubes, and the open ends of the U-shaped heat exchange tubes are communicated with the more than two U-shaped heat exchange tubes through the annular heat exchange tubes.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the separation columns are spirally arranged in the U-shaped gaps of the U-shaped heat exchange tubes in the separation heat exchanger, and the reflux columns are spirally arranged in the U-shaped gaps of the U-shaped heat exchange tubes in the reflux heat exchanger.
5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: and a stirring paddle is arranged on the central axis of the separation column.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and a first electronic expansion valve is connected between the shunting heat exchanger and the reflux heat exchanger.
7. The apparatus for purifying deuterium gas as recited in claim 1 or 6, wherein: a first servo proportional valve is connected between the four-way reversing valve and the separating heat exchanger, a second servo proportional valve is connected between the four-way reversing valve and the reflux heat exchanger, and the first servo proportional valve and the second servo proportional valve are connected through a first compensating heat exchanger, a second electronic expansion valve and a second compensating heat exchanger in sequence.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the side wall of the closed cavity is made of a heat insulating material.
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| CN202011399921.1A CN112892210B (en) | 2020-12-03 | 2020-12-03 | Deuterium purification device |
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| CN202011399921.1A CN112892210B (en) | 2020-12-03 | 2020-12-03 | Deuterium purification device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113651293A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-16 | 中船重工（邯郸）派瑞特种气体有限公司 | Deuterium purification device with high adsorption capacity |
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Address after: 057550 No. five Weir Road, chemical industry gathering area, Feixiang District, Handan, Hebei, 1 Patentee after: China shipbuilding (Handan) Perry Special Gas Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.1 Weiwu Road, chemical industry gathering area, Feixiang County, Handan City, Hebei Province Patentee before: PERIC SPECIAL GASES Co.,Ltd. |