CN112886827B - Half-capacity cophase power supply converter - Google Patents

Half-capacity cophase power supply converter Download PDF

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CN112886827B
CN112886827B CN202110135799.5A CN202110135799A CN112886827B CN 112886827 B CN112886827 B CN 112886827B CN 202110135799 A CN202110135799 A CN 202110135799A CN 112886827 B CN112886827 B CN 112886827B
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phase
winding
converter
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CN112886827A (en
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隋明飞
孟岩
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Zhongke Zhaohe Power Technology Shandong Co ltd
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Zhongke Zhaohe Power Technology Shandong Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/14—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion between circuits of different phase number
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M3/00—Feeding power to supply lines in contact with collector on vehicles; Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/12—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a half-capacity cophase power supply converter, relates to the technical field of power control, and consists of a multi-winding transformer three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter. The primary side of the multi-winding transformer comprises seven windings, three windings of the primary side of the multi-winding transformer are connected to a three-phase alternating-current power grid, three secondary windings of the multi-winding transformer are connected to the input side of a three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter, and the output side of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter is connected with a fourth winding of the multi-winding transformer in series and then connected to a traction contact net and a steel rail of the electrified railway. By controlling the input side current of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter, the unit power factor operation of three primary windings of the multi-winding transformer can be realized, namely, the input current has no reactive current and no negative sequence current. The single-phase output side current of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter is the same as the current supplied by the traction substation to the contact network, and the sum of the output voltage and the voltage of the contact network is half of the voltage of the contact network, so that the capacity and the manufacturing cost of the power electronic device can be reduced.

Description

Half-capacity cophase power supply converter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power control, in particular to a co-phase power supply converter of an electrified railway traction power supply system with the capacity of the converter being half of the power supply capacity and a control method.
Background
The traction power supply system of the electrified railway is a power supply system for providing electric power for traction of an electric locomotive and mainly comprises a traction substation and a contact network. Traction substations generally convert alternating current of a three-phase public power grid into an electric energy form suitable for electric locomotives, and the electric energy form is sent to a contact network, and then the locomotive is supplied with power by the contact network.
Because an electric locomotive generally needs single-phase power supply, an existing traction power supply system of the electrified railway generally adopts a sectional and split-phase mode to supply power to the electric locomotive (i.e. a contact network generally adopts a sectional power supply mode, and different power supply sections only adopt a certain phase in a three-phase power grid to supply power). Between the different power supply sections there is usually provided an electrically non-conductive insulation zone (neutral section) through which the electric locomotive is not able to obtain power supply when passing. In the process, the traction and speed loss of the electric locomotive is caused, and the train is in a single-phase power supply mode, so that negative sequence current is generated in a three-phase power grid, and the negative sequence current is caused in the three-phase power grid, and the negative sequence current is more serious along with the increase of the power of the electric locomotive.
At present, a cophase power supply converter based on a power electronic technology is mainly adopted to supply single-phase alternating current to an electric locomotive, and meanwhile, negative sequence current can be prevented from being generated in a three-phase power grid. However, the capacity of the existing cophase power supply converter is generally the same as the capacity provided by the traction substation to an alternating current contact network, so that the cost of the converter is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a co-phase power supply converter of an electrified railway traction power supply system, and a control method of the co-phase power supply converter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a half-capacity cophase power supply converter is composed of a multi-winding transformer and a three-phase single-phase AC-AC converter. The multi-winding transformer comprises seven windings, one connecting terminal of a first winding is T1, and the other connecting terminal of the first winding is connected to a point N1; one connection terminal of the second winding is T2, and the other connection terminal of the second winding is connected to point N1; one connection terminal of the third winding is T3, and the other connection terminal of the third winding is connected to a point N1; one connection terminal of the fourth winding is T4, and the other connection terminal of the fourth winding is connected to a point N2; one connection terminal of the fifth winding is T5, and the other connection terminal of the fifth winding is connected to point N2; one connection terminal of the sixth winding is T6, and the other connection terminal of the sixth winding is connected to point N2; one connection terminal of the seventh winding is T7, and the other connection terminal of the seventh winding is T8; the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter is provided with five connecting terminals Ta, Tb, Tc, Tx and Ty; the multi-winding transformer winding terminal T1 is connected to the A phase of the three-phase alternating current power grid, T2 is connected to the B phase of the three-phase alternating current power grid, and T3 is connected to the C phase of the three-phase alternating current power grid; t4 is connected to the Ta terminal of the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter, T5 is connected to the Tb terminal of the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter, T6 is connected to the Tc terminal of the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter; the T7 is connected to the Ty terminal of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter, and the T8 is connected to the steel rail; the Tx terminal of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter is connected to a contact net.
The winding voltage u of the multi-winding transformerT4N2And uT1N1In phase, uT5N2And uT2N1In phase, uT6N2And uT3N1In phase, uT7T8And uT3N1In phase; the winding voltage u of the multi-winding transformerT4N2、uT5N2、uT6N2、uT7T8And a connection terminal voltage u of the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converterTxTyAre all equal in amplitude and are 1/2 of the supply voltage between the catenary and the rail.
The input currents of Ta, Tb and Tc connecting terminals of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter are i respectivelya、ibAnd icThe output current of a seventh winding terminal T7 of the multi-winding transformer winding is if(ii) a The electric angle operator lags by 120 DEG is represented by alpha, alpha x represents an instantaneous value lags by 120 DEG in electric angle with respect to the real-time variable x, alpha2x represents an instantaneous value that lags the real-time variable x by 240 ° in electrical angle; i all right anglea、ibAnd icThe positive sequence component of (a) is obtained as follows: i.e. ia+＝(ia+αib+α2ic)/3，ib+＝(α2ia+ib+αic)/3，ic+＝(αia+α2ib+ic)/3。ia、ibAnd icThe negative sequence component of (a) is obtained as follows: i.e. ia-＝(ia+α2ib+αic)/3，ib-＝(αia+ib+α2ic)/3，ic-＝(α2ia+αib+ic)/3。
The real-time phase of the sine alternating voltage of the A-phase power grid is theta, the real-time phase of the sine alternating voltage of the B-phase power grid is theta-120 degrees, the real-time phase of the sine alternating voltage of the C-phase power grid is theta-240 degrees, and ia+、ib+And ic+The reactive component of (A) is as followsThe method comprises the following steps:
ia+q＝Iqabc+×cos(θ)，ib+q＝Iqabc+×cos(θ-120°)，ic+q＝Iqabc+xcos (. theta. -240 ℃ C.). Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Iqabc+＝[ia+×cos(θ)+ib+×cos(θ-120°)+ic+×cos(θ-240°)]×2/3。
ifthe positive sequence component of (a) is obtained as follows: i.e. ifa+＝α2if/3，ifb+＝αif/3，ifc+＝if/3。ifThe negative sequence component of (a) is obtained as follows: i.e. ifa-＝αif/3，ifb-＝α2if/3，ifc-＝if/3。
ifa+、ifb+And ifc+The reactive component of (a) is obtained as follows:
ifa+q＝Iqf+×cos(θ)，ifb+q＝Iqf+×cos(θ-120°)，ifc+q＝Iqf+xcos (. theta. -240 ℃ C.). Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Iqf+＝[ifa+×cos(θ)+ifb+×cos(θ-120°)+ifc+×cos(θ-240°)]×2/3。
the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter enables the i to be controlled in a closed loop modea-、ib-、ic-、ifa-、ifb-、ifc-、ia+q、ib+q、ic+q、ifa+q、ifb+q、ifc+qThe following relationship is satisfied:
ia-+ifa-＝ib-+ifb-＝ic-+ifc-＝0，ia+q+ifa+q＝ib+q+ifb+q＝ic+q+ifc+q＝0。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the unit power factor operation of three primary windings of the multi-winding transformer is realized by controlling the input side current of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter, namely, the input current has no reactive current and no negative sequence current, so that the influence of the negative sequence current on an electric locomotive is avoided; the single-phase output side current of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter is the same as the current supplied by the traction substation to the contact network, and the output voltage is half of the voltage of the contact network, so that the capacity of the power electronic device is effectively reduced, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the input cost is reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a half-capacity in-phase power converter circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of one embodiment of a three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter in a half capacity in-phase power converter of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a control strategy for the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a half-capacity in-phase power supply converter circuit of the invention, which consists of a multi-winding transformer and a three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter. The multi-winding transformer comprises seven windings, one connecting terminal of a first winding is T1, and the other connecting terminal of the first winding is connected to a point N1; one connection terminal of the second winding is T2, and the other connection terminal of the second winding is connected to point N1; one connection terminal of the third winding is T3, and the other connection terminal of the third winding is connected to a point N1; one connection terminal of the fourth winding is T4, and the other connection terminal of the fourth winding is connected to a point N2; one connection terminal of the fifth winding is T5, and the other connection terminal of the fifth winding is connected to point N2; one connection terminal of the sixth winding is T6, and the other connection terminal of the sixth winding is connected to point N2; one connection terminal of the seventh winding is T7, and the other connection terminal of the seventh winding is T8; the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter is provided with five connecting terminals Ta, Tb, Tc, Tx and Ty; the multi-winding transformer winding terminal T1 is connected to the a-phase of the three-phase ac grid, T2 is connected to the B-phase of the three-phase ac grid, and T3 is connected to the C-phase of the three-phase ac grid; t4 is connected to the Ta terminal of the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter, T5 is connected to the Tb terminal of the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter, T6 is connected to the Tc terminal of the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter; the T7 is connected to the Ty terminal of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter, and the T8 is connected to the steel rail; the Tx terminal of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter is connected to the overhead line system.
Winding voltage u of multi-winding transformerT4N2And uT1N1In phase, uT5N2And uT2N1In phase, uT6N2And uT3N1In phase, uT7T8And uT3N1In phase; winding voltage u of multi-winding transformerT4N2、uT5N2、uT6N2、uT7T8And connection terminal voltage u of three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converterTxTyAre all equal in amplitude and are 1/2 of the supply voltage between the catenary and the rail.
The input currents of Ta, Tb and Tc connection terminals of a three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter are i respectivelya、ibAnd icThe output current of the seventh winding terminal T7 of the multi-winding transformer winding is if(ii) a The electric angle operator lags by 120 DEG is represented by alpha, alpha x represents an instantaneous value lags by 120 DEG in electric angle with respect to the real-time variable x, alpha2x represents an instantaneous value that lags the real-time variable x by 240 ° in electrical angle; i all right anglefThe positive sequence component of (a) is obtained as follows: i.e. ifa+＝α2if/3，ifb+＝αif/3，ifc+＝if/3。ifThe negative sequence component of (a) is obtained as follows: i.e. ifa-＝αif/3，ifb-＝α2if/3，ifc-＝if/3。
With real-time phase of sinusoidal AC voltage of A-phase network being theta and sinusoidal AC voltage of B-phase networkThe real-time phase is theta-120 DEG, the real-time phase of the C-phase power grid sine alternating voltage is theta-240 DEG, ifa+、ifb+And ifc+The reactive component of (a) is obtained as follows:
ifa+q＝Iqf+×cos(θ)，ifb+q＝Iqf+×cos(θ-120°)，ifc+q＝Iqf+xcos (. theta. -240 ℃ C.). Wherein, Iqf+＝[ifa+×cos(θ)+ifb+×cos(θ-120°)+ifc+×cos(θ-240°)]×2/3。
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment of a three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter in a half-capacity in-phase power supply converter according to the present invention, and the converter is composed of 6N power modules PM, where N is a positive integer, and the power modules PM can be selected from half-bridge and full-bridge circuits. The terminals Ta, Tb, Tc, Tx and Ty of the three-phase-single-phase AC converter and the positive pole P are respectively connected with N power modules PM and an inductor L in series; the terminals Ta, Tb, Tc, Tx and Ty of the three-phase-single-phase AC converter and the negative pole N are respectively connected with N power modules PM and an inductor L in series.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a control strategy of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter in FIG. 2, with a DC voltage outer loop reference value uPN_refAnd a DC voltage feedback value uPNGenerating the amplitude I of the reference value of the current inner loop positive sequence active current through the PI regulator by taking the difference+p。I+pMultiplying by sin (theta), sin (theta-120 degrees) and sin (theta +120 degrees) respectively to obtain a three-phase positive sequence active current reference value ia+p_ref、ib+p_ref、ic+p_ref。
ia+p_ref-ifa--ifa+q＝ia_ref，ia_refAnd iaAfter the difference is made, pass through PR adjuster and subtract uT4N2Then as ua_ref，uPN/2-ua_refAs the PM reference voltage between Ta and P, uPN/2+ua_refAs the PM reference voltage between Ta and N; i.e. ib+p_ref-ifb--ifb+q＝ib_ref，ib_refAnd ibAfter the difference is made, pass through PR adjuster and subtract uT5N2Then as ub_ref，uPN/2-ub_refAs PM reference voltage between Tb and P, uPN/2+ub_refAs the PM reference voltage between Tb and N; i.e. ic+p_ref-ifc--ifc+q＝ic_ref，ic_refAnd icAfter the difference is made, pass through PR adjuster and subtract uT6N2Then as uc_ref，uPN/2-uc_refAs the PM reference voltage between Tc and P, uPN/2+uc_refAs the PM reference voltage between Tc and N.
u TxTy_ref1/2 for supplying voltage between contact net and rail, i.e. uTxTy_ref＝uTxT8/2。uPN/2-uTxTy_refV 2 as reference voltages for PM between Tx and P and PM between Ty and N, uPN/2+uTxTy_refAnd/2 as the reference voltage for PM between Tx and N and PM between Ty and P.
In summary, the primary winding of the multi-winding transformer includes seven windings, three windings of the primary winding of the multi-winding transformer are connected to the three-phase AC power grid, three secondary windings of the multi-winding transformer are connected to the input side of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter, and the output side of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter and the fourth winding of the multi-winding transformer are connected in series and then connected to the traction contact system of the electrified railway and the steel rail. The unit power factor operation of three primary windings of the multi-winding transformer is realized by controlling the input side current of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter, namely, the input current has no reactive current and has no negative sequence current. The single-phase output side current of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter is the same as the current supplied by the traction substation to the contact network, and the sum of the output voltage and the voltage of the contact network is half of the voltage of the contact network, so that the capacity and the manufacturing cost of the power electronic device can be reduced.

Claims (4)

1. Half capacity cophase supply converter, its characterized in that: the half-capacity cophase power supply converter consists of a multi-winding transformer and a three-phase single-phase AC-AC converter; the multi-winding transformer comprises seven windings, one connecting terminal of a first winding is T1, and the other connecting terminal of the first winding is connected to a point N1; one connection terminal of the second winding is T2, and the other connection terminal of the second winding is connected to point N1; one connection terminal of the third winding is T3, and the other connection terminal of the third winding is connected to a point N1; one connection terminal of the fourth winding is T4, and the other connection terminal of the fourth winding is connected to a point N2; one connection terminal of the fifth winding is T5, and the other connection terminal of the fifth winding is connected to point N2; one connection terminal of the sixth winding is T6, and the other connection terminal of the sixth winding is connected to point N2; one connection terminal of the seventh winding is T7, and the other connection terminal of the seventh winding is T8; the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter is provided with five connecting terminals Ta, Tb, Tc, Tx and Ty; the winding terminal T1 of the multi-winding transformer is connected to the A phase of the three-phase alternating-current power grid, T2 is connected to the B phase of the three-phase alternating-current power grid, and T3 is connected to the C phase of the three-phase alternating-current power grid; t4 is connected to the Ta terminal of the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter, T5 is connected to the Tb terminal of the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter, T6 is connected to the Tc terminal of the three-phase to single-phase AC-AC converter; the T7 is connected to the Ty terminal of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter, and the T8 is connected to the steel rail; the Tx terminal of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter is connected to an overhead line system;
wherein: ta, Tb and Tc are connected as input ends to the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter,
tx, Ty are connected to the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter as output terminals.
2. A half-capacity co-phased power converter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the winding voltage u of the multi-winding transformerT4N2And uT1N1In phase, uT5N2And uT2N1In phase, uT6N2And uT3N1In phase, uT7T8And uT3N1In phase; the winding voltage u of the multi-winding transformerT4N2、uT5N2、uT6N2、uT7T8And a connection terminal voltage u of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converterTxTyAre all equal in amplitude and are 1/2 of the supply voltage between the catenary and the rail.
3. According to claim1 the half-capacity cophase power supply converter is characterized in that: the input currents of Ta, Tb and Tc connecting terminals of the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter are i respectivelya、ibAnd icThe output current of a seventh winding terminal T7 of the multi-winding transformer winding is if(ii) a The lag 240 DEG electrical angle operator is represented by alpha, alpha x represents an instantaneous value that lags the real-time variable x by 240 DEG electrical angle, alpha2x represents an instantaneous value that lags the real-time variable x by 120 electrical degrees; i all right anglea、ibAnd icThe positive sequence component of (a) is obtained as follows: i all right anglea+＝(ia+αib+α2ic)/3，ib+＝(α2ia+ib+αic)/3，ic+＝(αia+α2ib+ic)/3，
ia、ibAnd icThe negative sequence component of (a) is obtained as follows: i all right anglea-＝(ia+α2ib+αic)/3，ib-＝(αia+ib+α2ic)/3，ic-＝(α2ia+αib+ic)/3，
The real-time phase of the sine alternating voltage of the A-phase power grid is theta, the real-time phase of the sine alternating voltage of the B-phase power grid is theta-120 degrees, the real-time phase of the sine alternating voltage of the C-phase power grid is theta-240 degrees, and ia+、ib+And ic+The reactive component of (a) is obtained as follows:
ia+q＝Iqabc+×cos(θ)，ib+q＝Iqabc+×cos(θ-120°)，ic+q＝Iqabc+x cos (. theta. -240 ℃ C.), wherein Iqabc+＝[ia+×cos(θ)+ib+×cos(θ-120°)+ic+×cos(θ-240°)]×2/3，
ifThe positive sequence component of (a) is obtained as follows: i.e. ifa+＝α2if/3，ifb+＝αif/3，ifc+＝if/3， ifThe negative sequence component of (a) is obtained as follows: i.e. ifa-＝αif/3，ifb-＝α2if/3，ifc-＝if/3，
ifa+、ifb+And ifc+The reactive component of (a) is obtained as follows:
ifa+q＝Iqf+×cos(θ)，ifb+q＝Iqf+×cos(θ-120°)，ifc+q＝Iqf+x cos (. theta. -240 ℃ C.), wherein Iqf+＝[ifa+×cos(θ)+ifb+×cos(θ-120°)+ifc+×cos(θ-240°)]×2/3。
4. A half-capacity co-phase fed converter according to claim 3, characterized in that: the three-phase-single-phase AC-AC converter enables the i to be controlled in a closed loop modea-、ib-、ic-、ifa-、ifb-、ifc-、ia+q、ib+q、ic+q、ifa+q、ifb+q、ifc+qThe following relationship is satisfied:
ia-+ifa-＝ib-+ifb-＝ic-+ifc-＝0，ia+q+ifa+q＝ib+q+ifb+q＝ic+q+ifc+q＝0。
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