CN112880543B - Halbach array-based cement rod inner steel bar diameter measurement method - Google Patents
Halbach array-based cement rod inner steel bar diameter measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a Halbach array-based method for measuring the diameter of a steel bar in a cement rod, belonging to the field of electromagnetic detection. The method comprises the steps of analyzing the magnetic field of a four-module Halbach array, combining finite element simulation analysis to obtain the change rule of the magnetic field on the strengthening side of the Halbach array, collecting a space cosine magnetic field under the influence of the magnetization effect of the steel bar in a moving Hall sensor mode, carrying out sampling integral processing to convert an obtained characteristic signal into a characteristic value, and further analyzing the characteristic value by utilizing an algorithm to obtain the accurate diameter of the steel bar. The method fully combines the characteristics of Halbach array enhanced magnetic field and changed spatial magnetic field distribution, and adopts the least square method to process data, thereby greatly improving the measurement precision of the diameter of the steel bar in the cement rod, overcoming the defect of low precision of the traditional electromagnetic measurement method in the measurement of the diameter of the steel bar, and providing a feasible method for the measurement of the diameter of the steel bar in the cement rod.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic detection, and relates to a cement rod inner steel bar diameter measuring method based on a Halbach array.
Background
The detection of the related parameters of the steel bars in the cement pole is a necessary means for diagnosing the corrosion degree of the steel bars and evaluating the quality of the cement pole. Because the manufacturer steals the work and reduces the material, the diameter of the steel bar used in the cement pole is smaller than the design size, thereby causing the cement pole to have problems when the external force is less than the rated load and the expected service life is not reached. Meanwhile, when the cement pole is put into use for a long time, the internal reinforcing steel bars of the cement pole can be corroded to different degrees, so that the diameter of the reinforcing steel bars is changed. Therefore, the diameter of the steel bar in the cement pole can be accurately measured, the safety of the electric power facility can be effectively verified, and the possible economic loss and accidents caused by unqualified steel bar quality can be avoided.
The existing method for detecting the diameter of the steel bar in the concrete member generally adopts a chiseling method and an electromagnetic induction measurement method. The chiseling method is to chiseling the steel bar out of the concrete and directly measure the diameter by a caliper. The method needs to expose a half of the cross section of a steel bar after a large hole is chiseled on the surface of a component so as to meet the measurement requirement of a vernier caliper, and if the protective layer of the steel bar is large, the chiseling range is larger. In order to find out the diameters of the reinforcing steel bars in a cement pole without drawings, the cement pole may be dug to form a scab and a plurality of holes. Therefore, the diameter of the steel bar detected by the picking method can cause the section of the component to be obviously damaged, and the bearing capacity of the component is obviously influenced. The electromagnetic induction measuring method is a nondestructive testing method widely used at present, and a sensor generates an electromagnetic field in a tested structure, receives an induced magnetic field of a steel bar in the structure and converts the induced magnetic field into an electric signal for measurement. The method has the advantages of common detection depth, difficulty in detecting a complex reinforcing steel bar structure and large measurement error of the diameter of the reinforcing steel bar.
Therefore, how to provide a nondestructive testing method for the diameter of a steel bar in a cement rod, which reduces the damage to the bearing capacity of a member while improving the detection precision of the diameter of the steel bar, is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for measuring the diameter of a steel bar in a cement rod based on a Halbach array.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the diameter of a steel bar in a cement rod based on a Halbach array comprises the following steps:
s1: resolving a magnetic field of the Halbach magnetic array;
s2: finite element analysis of Halbach magnetic array;
s3: measuring a space magnetic field;
s4: and (5) measuring the diameter of the steel bar.
Optionally, S1 specifically is:
establishing a four-module Halbach magnetic array, wherein the magnetizing direction is a 90-degree direction;
wherein l is the unit wavelength,/ m Is the unit permanent magnet length, d is the permanent magnet thickness;
the discontinuous Halbach array is equivalent to a continuous permanent magnet surface, the magnetic induction intensity expression above the magnetic array is obtained by Fourier decomposition of the magnetization intensity and derivation according to a magnetic vector equation, and the magnetic induction intensity expression is as follows:
wherein, mu 0 Is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, M 0 Is the peak magnetization, k is the wave number, d is the permanent magnet thickness, and x is the lateral coordinate.
Optionally, the S2 specifically is:
a Halbach array three-dimensional simulation model magnetized in a 90-degree direction is built on finite element simulation analysis software, the Halbach array has good unilateral performance, and a magnetic field is concentrated on a reinforcing side; according to simulation results of magnetic field strengths of different distances of the reinforcing side, the magnetic induction intensity is higher at the position closer to the magnetic array; when the distance becomes far away, the magnetic induction intensity is reduced and tends to be cosine; and comparing and analyzing the space magnetic field theoretical analysis result and the finite element simulation result, proving that the analysis result is fitted with the finite element simulation result, and proving the correctness of the analytical method.
Optionally, the S3 specifically is:
the Halbach magnetic array strengthening side generates a space magnetic field with cosine change, when a steel bar is positioned right below the magnetic array, the magnetization characteristic has certain influence on the space magnetic field, and the magnetic field is in cosine distribution; measuring a space magnetic field by using a Hall element sensor, keeping the distance between the Hall element sensor and a magnetic array unchanged, moving the sensor in parallel, and acquiring the detected magnetic field intensity with cosine change to a processor through an AD acquisition module for data analysis; the detected n voltage signals converted by the magnetic field intensity of one unit wavelength have excessively large sampling data, the n voltage signals are subjected to data processing in an integral mode, and the characteristic signals are represented by a characteristic value S; because the AD acquisition data is discrete data, the integral of the discrete data is converted into the accumulation form of the vergence data, and the accumulated value S is expressed as follows:
wherein V i Means that the ith Hall sensor detects data, and the sigma symbol represents V 0 To Vn.
Optionally, S4 specifically is:
when the position of the steel bar is unchanged relative to the Halbach magnetic array, the value S is only related to the diameter D of the steel bar in the cement rod, and a functional relation D = f (S) is established;
selecting reinforcing steel bars with different diameters for detection, collecting m groups of data in total, and constructing a D-s database for subsequent data analysis;
the relation between D = f(s) is a nonlinear relation, and the data in the D-s database is substituted by adopting a least square method to obtain a normal equation set:
wherein, Σ s i Denotes s 0 To s m And, solving a by solving the normal equation group 0 ～a n To determine a fitting polynomial:
D(s)＝a 0 s+·a 1 s 2 +···+a n s n
wherein, a 0 ～a n Is each coefficient of the polynomial, s is the detected value; and when other parameters of the steel bar are kept unchanged, the diameter D of the steel bar can be calculated according to the detected s value and the polynomial obtained by fitting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the space magnetic field distribution condition of the Halbach array is theoretically analyzed, simulation analysis is combined, a cosine magnetic field is formed outside the magnetic field strengthening side of the Halbach array, then according to the magnetic measurement principle, the reinforcing steel bar is placed in the cosine magnetic field, the Hall sensor is moved to detect the magnetic field strength under the unit wavelength and study the relation between the magnetic field strength and the diameter of the reinforcing steel bar, and the method for measuring the diameter of the reinforcing steel bar in the cement pole based on the Halbach array is provided. According to the invention, the Halbach array is established by arranging the permanent magnets according to a certain rule, the spatial magnetic field distribution is enhanced and changed on the basis of the traditional steel bar magnetic induction detection, and meanwhile, the detection mode and the detection data processing method are improved, so that the measurement precision of the diameter of the steel bar in the cement rod is improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four module Halbach array;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of a four-module Halbach array;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of magnetic field intensity at different distances on the reinforcing side of a Halbach array;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field detection principle.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention, shown in the drawings are schematic representations and not in the form of actual drawings; for a better explanation of the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
(1) Referring to fig. 1: magnetic field resolution of Halbach arrays
As shown in figure 1, a four-module Halbach array is established and chargedThe magnetic direction is 90 deg. direction. Wherein l is the unit wavelength,/ m For unit permanent magnet length, d permanent magnet thickness, it can be seen that l =4l m . The Halbach is an array formed by discontinuous permanent magnets, the permanent magnet array needs to be equivalent to a continuous permanent magnet surface when the space electromagnetic field is solved, the theoretical basis is that any intermittent function can be expanded into Fourier series, and the difficulty of mathematical analysis can be simplified by researching the function with the minimum period. The sequence taken must be a periodic convergence function. The discontinuous Halbach array is equivalent to a continuous permanent magnet surface, and the magnetic induction intensity expression above the magnetic array can be obtained by carrying out Fourier decomposition on the magnetization intensity of the permanent magnet surface and deducing according to a magnetic vector equation as follows:
wherein, mu 0 Is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, M 0 Is the peak magnetization, k is the wave number, and d is the permanent magnet thickness.
(2) See fig. 2 and 3: finite element analysis of Halbach array
As shown in fig. 2, a Halbach array three-dimensional simulation model magnetized in a 90-degree direction is built on finite element simulation analysis software, and according to a simulation result schematic diagram, the Halbach array has good unilateral performance, and a magnetic field is concentrated on a reinforcing side. Meanwhile, according to the simulation results of magnetic field intensity at different distances on the reinforcing side in fig. 3, it can be found that the magnetic induction intensity is higher at a position closer to the magnetic array, but the distortion rate of the magnetic induction intensity is higher due to the influence of higher harmonics. When the distance becomes farther, although the magnetic induction intensity is reduced, the magnetic induction intensity tends to be more cosine, and the Halbach array is proved to have very good cosine.
(3) Referring to fig. 4: measurement of spatial magnetic fields
As shown in fig. 4, the Halbach array reinforcement side generates a space magnetic field with cosine change, and when a steel bar is positioned right below the magnetic array, the magnetic field is still in cosine distribution due to certain influence of magnetization characteristics on the space magnetic field. At the moment, a Hall element sensor is adopted to measure a space magnetic field, the distance between the Hall element sensor and the magnetic array is kept unchanged, the sensor is moved in parallel, and the detected magnetic field intensity with cosine change is collected into a processor through an AD collection module to carry out data analysis. Since the detected n voltage signals converted by the magnetic field intensity of one unit wavelength are too large in sampling data, the n voltage signals are subjected to data processing in an integral mode, and the characteristic signal is represented by a characteristic value s. Because the AD acquisition data are discrete data, the integral of the discrete data can be converted into the accumulation form of the vergence data, and the expression is as follows:
(4) Referring to fig. 4: measurement of rebar diameter
As shown in fig. 4, when the position of the steel bar is kept unchanged relative to the Halbach array, the measured value s is only related to the diameter D of the steel bar in the cement pole, and a functional relation D = f(s) can be established, so that the steel bars with different diameters are selected for detection, and a D-s database is constructed for subsequent data analysis. Since the relation between D = f(s) is nonlinear, the data analysis cannot be directly performed by means of linear fitting. For nonlinear single-input single-output data, a least square method can be selected for analysis, and data in a D-s database is substituted to obtain a normal equation set:
wherein, assuming a total of m sets of D-s data, the sigma symbols represent summations from 0 to m, and a can be solved by solving the normal system of equations k (k =0,1,2 \8230; n), thereby determining a fitting polynomial:
D(s)＝a 0 s+·a 1 s 2 +···+a n s n
and when other parameters of the steel bar are kept unchanged, the diameter of the steel bar can be calculated according to the detected s value and the polynomial obtained by fitting.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for measuring the diameter of a steel bar in a cement rod based on a Halbach array is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: resolving a magnetic field of the Halbach magnetic array;
s2: finite element analysis of Halbach magnetic array;
s3: measuring a space magnetic field;
s4: measuring the diameter of the steel bar;
the S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
establishing a four-module Halbach magnetic array, wherein the magnetizing direction is a 90-degree direction;
wherein l is the unit wavelength and d is the thickness of the permanent magnet;
the discontinuous Halbach array is equivalent to a continuous permanent magnet surface, the magnetic induction intensity expression above the magnetic array is obtained by Fourier decomposition of the magnetization intensity and derivation according to a magnetic vector equation, and the magnetic induction intensity expression is as follows:
wherein, mu 0 Is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, M 0 Is the peak magnetization, k is the wave number, d is the permanent magnet thickness, and x is the lateral coordinate.
2. The method for measuring the diameter of the steel bar in the cement rod based on the Halbach array according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: the S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
a Halbach array three-dimensional simulation model magnetized in a 90-degree direction is built on finite element simulation analysis software, the Halbach array has good unilateral performance, and a magnetic field is concentrated on a reinforcing side; according to simulation results of magnetic field strengths of different distances of the reinforcing side, the magnetic induction intensity is higher at the position closer to the magnetic array; when the distance becomes far away, the magnetic induction intensity is reduced and tends to be cosine; and comparing and analyzing the space magnetic field theoretical analysis result and the finite element simulation result, proving that the analysis result is fitted with the finite element simulation result, and proving the correctness of the analytical method.
3. The method for measuring the diameter of the steel bar in the cement rod based on the Halbach array according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
the Halbach magnetic array strengthening side generates a space magnetic field with cosine change, when a steel bar is positioned right below the magnetic array, the magnetization characteristic has certain influence on the space magnetic field, and the magnetic field is in cosine distribution; measuring a space magnetic field by using a Hall element sensor, keeping the distance between the Hall element sensor and a magnetic array unchanged, moving the sensor in parallel, and acquiring the detected magnetic field intensity with cosine change to a processor through an AD acquisition module for data analysis; the detected n voltage signals converted by the magnetic field intensity of one unit wavelength have excessively large sampling data, the n voltage signals are subjected to data processing in an integral mode, and the characteristic signals are represented by a characteristic value S; because the AD acquisition data is discrete data, the integral of the discrete data is converted into the accumulation form of the vergence data, and the accumulated value S is expressed as follows:
wherein V i Means that the ith Hall sensor detects data, and the sigma symbol represents V 1 To Vn.
4. The method for measuring the diameter of the steel bar in the cement rod based on the Halbach array according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the S4 specifically comprises the following steps:
when the position of the steel bar is unchanged relative to the Halbach magnetic array, the value S is only related to the diameter D of the steel bar in the cement rod, and a functional relation D = f (S) is established;
selecting reinforcing steel bars with different diameters for detection, collecting m groups of data in total, and constructing a D-s database for subsequent data analysis;
the relation between D = f(s) is a nonlinear relation, and the data in the D-s database is substituted by adopting a least square method to obtain a normal equation set:
wherein, Σ s i Denotes s 0 To s m And, solving a by solving the normal equation group 0 ～a n To determine a fitting polynomial:
D(s)＝a 0 s+·a 1 s 2 +···+a n s n
wherein, a 0 ～a n Is the coefficient of the polynomial, s is the detected value; and when other parameters of the steel bar are kept unchanged, the diameter D of the steel bar can be calculated according to the detected s value and the polynomial obtained by fitting.
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