CN105091922A - Virtual watch plate based pointer reading identifying method - Google Patents
Virtual watch plate based pointer reading identifying method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GNSS carrier loop circuit tracking method based on a stochastic resonance algorithm. According to the invention, the signal to noise ratio of receiving signals is increased by integral accumulation and multiplication feedback treatment on input signals; rough tracking of frequency of the receiving signals is performed by utilizing a second-order frequency locking loop; and precise tracking is performed on the signals subjected to rough tracking by adopting a third-order phase locking loop. Therefore, precise carrier loop circuit tracking on the GNSS signals is realized in a low carrier-to-noise ratio. According to the invention, an advantage of the stochastic resonance algorithm in an aspect of improving the signal to noise ratio and an advantage of anti-interference and robustness of the cooperation of the second order frequency locking loop and the third-order phase locking loop are integrated effectively. The method is simple in hardware implementation and stable in signal tracking, and can realize stable and reliable tracking of highly dynamic satellite signals by a receiver in a severe environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machine vision technique and technology of instrument and meter field, be specifically related to a kind of pointer gauge Recognition of Reading method based on virtual dial plate.
Background technology
Accurate pointer gauge reading is directly perceived, structure is simple, easy to use and cost performance is high, be widely used in production practices.In order to ensure the quality of production and production safety, instrument need regularly be examined and determine, and guarantees its service precision.Because accurate pointer gauge has particular/special requirement when reading, so artificial verification process length consuming time, easily introduce error thus affect calibration accuracy.
Pointer gauge reading identifies automatically through years of researches, and basic theory and application have had certain development, and industrial low precision pointer gauge reading automatically identifies and entered the practical stage; And not yet find the practical application of accurate pointer electrical instrument (being not less than 0.5 grade) reading automatic recognition system at present.Ten hundreds of accurate pointer gauges is had to need measurement unit to examine and determine every year, because the speed of this kind of pointer gauge Recognition of Reading and precision problem are not also well solved, therefore the calibration operation of such pointer gauge all by manually having come, can only need the calibration operation that just can complete one piece of accurate pointer gauge for 2 ~ 3 hours at present usually.
Solve the method that the speed of pointer gauge Recognition of Reading and precision problem core are its Recognition of Reading.The certain methods of Recent study is all detected the positional information of pointer straight line and scale mark by Hough transformation, but the calculated amount of image procossing, and be easily subject to noise impact, detect the pointer straight line that obtains and scale mark positional information inaccurate, had a strong impact on precision and the speed of Recognition of Reading.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming existing pointer gauge Recognition of Reading method, propose a kind of accurate pointer gauge Recognition of Reading method based on virtual dial plate.
To achieve the object of the present invention, according to specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses following technical scheme, a kind of accurate pointer gauge Recognition of Reading method based on virtual dial plate, comprising:
(1) control criterion source exports a small-signal and large-signal signal input part to instrument, the Instrument image that after pointer comes to a complete stop, Real-time Collection two width reading pointer angle is larger;
(2) rotation center of Instrument image pointer is located;
(3) arc radius of measuring instrument image mirror;
(4) the virtual dial plate of instrument is set up;
(5) signal input part of instrument receives an input signal, the Instrument image of Real-time Collection after pointer comes to a complete stop;
(6) virtual mouse is set up;
(7) calculate according to virtual dial plate and virtual mouse the current reading identifying instrument.
Wherein, the rotation center of step (2) location Instrument image pointer comprises the steps:
(2A) obtain the pointer image in two width Instrument images by difference shadow method, method is as follows: Instrument image 2. deduct Instrument image 1. obtain Instrument image 1. in gauge pointer image 3.; Instrument image 1. deduct Instrument image 2. obtain Instrument image 2. in gauge pointer image 4.;
(2B) be added with pointer image by original image and obtain pointer-free Instrument image, method is as follows: 1. Instrument image adds (Instrument image 1. in), and 5. 3. gauge pointer image obtain pointer-free Instrument image; 2. Instrument image adds (Instrument image 2. in), and 5. 4. gauge pointer image obtain pointer-free Instrument image;
(2C) pre-service pointer image, method is as follows: coloured image is for conversion into gray level image; The contrast of gray level image is strengthened by carrying out gray scale stretching to gray level image; Finally binary conversion treatment is carried out to gray level image;
(2D) use minimum distance method to carry out fitting a straight line to the characteristic image of two straight lines, obtain two pointer straight-line equations; By the position of two pointer straight-line equation find intersection determination pointer rotation centers.
The arc radius of step (3) measuring instrument image mirror comprises the steps:
(3A) Sobel operator is adopted 5. to carry out rim detection to pointer-free Instrument image;
(3B) then gray inversion is carried out to the result images that (3A) obtains;
(3C) again level corrosion and image thinning are carried out to the result images that (3B) obtains;
(3D) in order to improve the probability obtaining scale circular arc unique point, the result images also needing (3C) to obtain carries out Edge track;
(3E) finally detect the circular arc line of the result images acquisition mirror that (3D) obtains according to Hough transform, thus determine the arc radius of mirror.
Step (4) is set up the virtual dial plate of instrument and is comprised the steps:
(4A) 5. go up at pointer-free Instrument image, can split according to the radius of pointer rotation center and mirror circular arc the pointer-free scale mark area image obtaining instrument.
(4B) gradation conversion is carried out to pointer-free scale mark area image, gray scale stretches and binaryzation can obtain scale mark binary image clearly;
(4C) characteristic image of all scale marks is obtained by largest connected area image segmentation;
(4D) barycenter of each scale mark feature is calculated;
(4E) make line according to barycenter to pointer rotation center, set up the virtual dial plate of pointer gauge as corresponding virtual scale mark.
Step (6) is set up instrument virtual mouse and is comprised the steps:
(6A) 5. pointer-free Instrument image is made difference shadow with Instrument image and obtain pointer image in Instrument image;
(6B) the pointer part image between mirror and scale mark is extracted according to the rotation center of gauge pointer and the arc radius segmentation of mirror;
(6C) gradation conversion is carried out to this part pointer image, gray scale stretches, binaryzation, then found by largest connected territory and obtain this part pointer binary image clearly;
(6D) calculate the barycenter of this part pointer feature, remake the line of barycenter to pointer rotation center as the virtual mouse of the current reading of instrument.
Step (7) calculates according to virtual dial plate and virtual mouse the current reading identifying instrument.
Contrast prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention utilizes image technique automatic identifier list index, avoids artificial cognition to introduce personal error, reduces the labour intensity of accurate pointer gauge calibration operation, improve the efficiency of instrument calibration;
(2) the present invention is based on the criterion of artificial cognition, adopt the mode of point-to-point line to set up virtual dial plate and virtual mouse, substantially reduce the error of fitting that pointer fitting a straight line is in the past introduced, improve the precision of recognition result;
(3) the present invention sets up virtual mouse by Extraction parts pointer image and carrys out identifier meter reading, substantially increases the speed of Recognition of Reading, shortens the calibrating time of accurate pointer gauge.
(4) finally can the image obtained or Recognition of Reading result be stored and be printed, facilitate meter information to manage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is hardware device compositional block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is meter reading identification process figure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is Instrument image pointer rotation center positioning flow figure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is Instrument image mirror arc radius overhaul flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 5 a is instrument of the present invention virtual dial plate Establishing process figure;
Fig. 5 b is the virtual dial plate figure that the invention process is set up;
Fig. 6 is instrument virtual mouse Establishing process figure of the present invention;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further.
Implement a kind of hardware device block diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, comprise computing machine 1, accurate pointer gauge 2, illumination system 3, image capture device 4, standard signal source 5, printer 6 and memory device 7, image capture device 4, standard signal source 5, printer 6 is connected with computing machine 1 respectively with memory device 7, predetermined less signal is exported to accurate pointer gauge 2 by computing machine 1 control criterion signal source 5, the pointer of accurate pointer gauge 2 is made to be parked in less deflection angle, then computing machine 1 controls image capture device 4 and carries out accurate pointer gauge image real-time acquisition and obtain little readout instrument image, again export predetermined larger signal to accurate pointer gauge 2 by computing machine 1 control criterion signal source 5, the pointer of accurate pointer gauge 2 is made to be parked in larger deflection angle, then computing machine 1 controls image capture device 4 and carries out accurate pointer gauge image real-time acquisition and obtain large readout instrument image, difference shadow method is utilized to obtain characteristic image and the pointer-free Instrument image of two pointers of size reading to the two width initialization Instrument images obtained, after pointer feature Image semantic classification, matching two pointer straight lines ask its intersection point just can determine the rotation center of pointer, again pre-service and circular-arc detection determination radius are carried out to pointer-free Instrument image, then pointer-free scale mark area image is split and the barycenter of trying to achieve each scale mark characteristic image sets up virtual dial plate.
After initialization completes, prearranged signal is exported to accurate pointer gauge 2 by computing machine 1 control criterion signal source 5, after the pointer of accurate pointer gauge 2 is come to a complete stop, then computing machine 1 controls image capture device 4 and carries out the Instrument image that accurate pointer gauge image real-time acquisition obtains current reading, the characteristic image that shadow obtains reading pointer is differed to the Instrument image obtained and the pointer-free Instrument image obtained before, after pointer feature Image semantic classification, matching obtains pointer straight line, then the pointer part image between scale mark and mirror is split and the barycenter of trying to achieve characteristic image sets up virtual mouse, finally compare the reading calculating and obtain corresponding to current gauge pointer.
The present invention adopts high-resolution image capture device 4 to carry out the image acquisition of accurate pointer gauge, gather the data such as the pointer gauge reading obtaining image and obtain after identifying can automatically be saved on memory device 7, facilitate information system management, and according to embody rule, can also at any time identifying information be printed by printer 6.
The present embodiment automatically identifies the reading of accurate pointer gauge, and its idiographic flow as shown in Figure 2, comprises the steps:
(1) control criterion source exports a small-signal and large-signal signal input part to instrument, the Instrument image that after pointer comes to a complete stop, Real-time Collection two width reading pointer angle is larger;
(2) rotation center of Instrument image pointer is located;
(3) arc radius of measuring instrument image mirror;
(4) the virtual dial plate of instrument is set up;
(5) signal input part of instrument receives an input signal, the Instrument image of Real-time Collection after pointer comes to a complete stop;
(6) virtual mouse is set up;
(7) calculate according to virtual dial plate and virtual mouse the current reading identifying instrument.
Wherein, step (2) Instrument image pointer rotation center positioning flow figure as shown in Figure 3, comprises the steps:
(2A) obtain the pointer image in two width Instrument images by difference shadow method, method is as follows: Instrument image 2. deduct Instrument image 1. obtain Instrument image 1. in gauge pointer image 3.; Instrument image 1. deduct Instrument image 2. obtain Instrument image 2. in gauge pointer image 4.;
(2B) be added with pointer image by original image and obtain pointer-free Instrument image, method is as follows: 1. Instrument image adds (Instrument image 1. in), and 5. 3. gauge pointer image obtain pointer-free Instrument image; 2. Instrument image adds (Instrument image 2. in), and 5. 4. gauge pointer image obtain pointer-free Instrument image;
(2C) pre-service pointer image, method is as follows: coloured image is for conversion into gray level image; The contrast of gray level image is strengthened by carrying out gray scale stretching to gray level image; Finally binary conversion treatment is carried out to gray level image;
(2D) use minimum distance method to carry out fitting a straight line to the characteristic image of two straight lines, obtain two pointer straight-line equations; By the position of two pointer straight-line equation find intersection determination pointer rotation centers.
Described minor increment line fitting method is as follows: n the unique point (x establishing scale mark image
i, y
i), i=1,2 ..., n, the straight-line equation that matching obtains is
y＝k
dx+b
d
For convenience of describing, introduce following mark
Then by slope and the intercept of following formulae discovery fitting a straight line:
Step (3) Instrument image mirror arc radius overhaul flow chart as shown in Figure 4, comprises the steps:
(3A) Sobel operator is adopted 5. to carry out rim detection to pointer-free Instrument image;
(3B) then gray inversion is carried out to the result images that (3A) obtains;
(3C) again level corrosion and image thinning are carried out to the result images that (3B) obtains;
(3D) in order to improve the probability obtaining scale circular arc unique point, the result images also needing (3C) to obtain carries out Edge track;
(3E) finally detect the circular arc line of the result images acquisition mirror that (3D) obtains according to Hough transform, thus determine the arc radius of mirror.
Step (4) sets up the process flow diagram of the virtual dial plate of instrument as shown in Figure 5 a, comprises the steps:
(4A) 5. go up at pointer-free Instrument image, can split according to the radius of pointer rotation center and mirror circular arc the pointer-free scale mark area image obtaining instrument.
(4B) gradation conversion is carried out to pointer-free scale mark area image, gray scale stretches and binaryzation can obtain scale mark binary image clearly;
(4C) characteristic image of all scale marks is obtained by largest connected area image segmentation;
(4D) barycenter of each scale mark feature is calculated;
(4E) make line according to barycenter to pointer rotation center, set up the virtual dial plate of pointer gauge as corresponding virtual scale mark.
The virtual dial plate set up in the present embodiment as shown in Figure 5 b.
Step (6) sets up the process flow diagram of instrument virtual mouse as shown in Figure 6, comprises the steps:
(6A) 5. pointer-free Instrument image is made difference shadow with Instrument image and obtain pointer image in Instrument image;
(6B) the pointer part image between mirror and scale mark is extracted according to the rotation center of gauge pointer and the arc radius segmentation of mirror;
(6C) gradation conversion is carried out to this part pointer image, gray scale stretches, binaryzation, then found by largest connected territory and obtain this part pointer binary image clearly;
(6D) calculate the barycenter of this part pointer feature, remake the line of barycenter to pointer rotation center as the virtual mouse of the current reading of instrument.
The computing method of described binary image unique point barycenter are as follows:
In formula
be bianry image, (i, j) is pixel coordinate in image, m and n is line number and the columns of image.
Step (7) calculates the current reading identifying instrument, according to following formulae discovery reading according to virtual dial plate and virtual mouse:
Wherein β
xinstrument current virtual pointer straight line deflection angle, β
iand β
i+1be respectively (i-th and the i-th+1) virtual scale mark deflection angle of the adjacent nearest left and right of instrument current virtual pointer straight line, M is the reading at the virtual scale mark interval of the adjacent nearest left and right of instrument current virtual pointer straight line, D
iit is the reading of i-th corresponding scale of virtual scale mark.
The image that finally can obtain the present embodiment or Recognition of Reading result store and print, and facilitate meter information to manage.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize instructions of the present invention and accompanying drawing content to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1., based on a pointer gauge Recognition of Reading method for virtual dial plate, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
The virtual dial plate of pointer gauge is set up by the barycenter of scale mark image and pointer rotation center;
The virtual mouse of pointer gauge is set up by the barycenter of part pointer image between mirror and scale mark and pointer rotation center;
According to described virtual mouse and virtual dial plate, carry out meter reading by scale coupling and linear interpolation and automatically identify.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described to identifying that the step of virtual dial plate set up by readout instrument, comprising:
When fixed instrumentation and collecting device relative position, gather two width Instrument images;
By the rotation center of pointer fitting a straight line intersection point orientator list index;
By the arc radius of hough change detection instrument mirror;
The pointer-free scale mark area image of instrument is extracted by the rotation center of pointer and the arc radius segmentation of mirror;
Image processing techniques is utilized to obtain the characteristic image of every bar scale mark;
The barycenter of every bar scale mark characteristic image is calculated according to the computing formula of barycenter;
Corresponding virtual scale mark is determined according to the rotation center of pointer and each scale mark barycenter;
Calculate the deflection angle of each virtual scale mark, set up the virtual dial plate of instrument.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the step of the rotation center of described orientator list index, comprising:
Gather the two width initialization Instrument images that the difference at acquisition needle deflection angle is larger;
The pointer image that shadow obtains respective Instrument image is differed to two width Instrument images;
The characteristic image that greyscale transformation, gray scale stretching and image binaryzation obtain pointer is carried out to two width pointer image;
Minimum distance method fitting a straight line is carried out to two width pointer feature images and obtains pointer straight-line equation;
Calculating the joining of two pointer straight-line equations, is namely the rotation center of pointer.
4. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the step of the arc radius of described measuring instrument mirror, comprising:
Pointer image and former Instrument image are added, obtain pointer-free Instrument image;
Sobel operator is adopted to carry out rim detection to pointer-free Instrument image;
Gray inversion, horizontal burn into image thinning and Edge track are carried out to the result images obtained;
Obtain the circular arc line equation of mirror according to Hough transform testing result image, thus determine the arc radius of mirror.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described to identifying that the step of virtual mouse set up by readout instrument, comprising:
Gather the Instrument image obtaining and need to identify reading;
The pointer-free Instrument image that Instrument image and method 4 obtain is subtracted each other, obtains the pointer image of Instrument image;
The characteristic image that greyscale transformation, gray scale stretching and image binaryzation obtain pointer is carried out to pointer image;
Minimum distance method fitting a straight line is carried out to pointer feature image and obtains pointer straight-line equation;
The pointer part image between mirror and scale mark is extracted according to the segmentation of the rotation center of gauge pointer, the arc radius of mirror and pointer straight-line equation;
Gradation conversion is carried out to this part pointer image, gray scale stretches, binaryzation, then found by largest connected territory and obtain this part pointer binary image;
Calculate the barycenter of this part pointer feature, remake the line of barycenter to pointer rotation center as the virtual mouse of the current reading of instrument, and calculate the deflection angle of virtual mouse.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out the step that meter reading identifies automatically, comprising according to virtual mouse and virtual dial plate:
The deflection angle deducting all virtual scale marks by the deflection angle of virtual mouse respectively obtains differential seat angle;
Find minimum positive-angle difference and the numbering of corresponding virtual scale mark;
Calculate minimum positive-angle difference and the ratio of the differential seat angle of the virtual scale mark deflection angle in virtual mouse left and right, be then multiplied by the reading at the virtual scale mark interval of the adjacent left and right of virtual mouse, obtain estimating and read part reading;
The reading that the virtual scale mark of the left neighbour of virtual mouse is corresponding adds to estimate reads the result that part reading is exactly meter reading identification.
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