CN112878467B - Ecological rainwater collection system of preventing grass is protected to soil moisture along railway - Google Patents
Ecological rainwater collection system of preventing grass is protected to soil moisture along railway Download PDFInfo
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- CN112878467B CN112878467B CN202110036549.6A CN202110036549A CN112878467B CN 112878467 B CN112878467 B CN 112878467B CN 202110036549 A CN202110036549 A CN 202110036549A CN 112878467 B CN112878467 B CN 112878467B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
- E03F5/0401—Gullies for use in roads or pavements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
Abstract
The invention discloses a railway line soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological micro rain collection system which comprises an artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge constructed beside a railway, wherein a low-lying area of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge is a water collection area, a water collection pit is dug downwards at the water collection area, water retention films are laid on the upper surface of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge and the upper surface of the water collection area, and soil stacking ridges are piled on the lower part of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge at intervals; a natural sodium-based bentonite soil moisture-conservation and grass-prevention ecological cushion is closely paved on the inner wall of the water collecting pit in a circle, a fine soil layer is paved at the bottom of the water collecting pit, an underwater broken stone infiltration cushion layer which is bundled in advance is arranged on the periphery of the root of the drought-resistant tree species, and a sand layer is buried in the root of the drought-resistant tree species; a flaky and oval gravel cushion layer is arranged above the plant straw cushion layer. The invention fully collects and utilizes the rainfall, prevents the growth of weeds, reduces the use of herbicide, achieves the effects of preserving soil moisture, storing water, increasing temperature and preventing weeds, improves the survival rate of sandy soil greening vegetation, has low cost and has no pollution to soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil moisture conservation, and particularly relates to a soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological micro rainwater collection system along a railway.
Background
The water is the most basic environmental factor in the growth and development process of plants and occupies an irreplaceable position in agriculture and forestry and fruit industry production.
For typical temperate continental drought climate in the Hami region of Xinjiang, the climate is dry and rainless, the climate is sunny, the annual average temperature is 9.8 ℃, the annual precipitation is 33.8 mm, the annual evaporation capacity is 3300 mm, the annual average sunshine is 3358 hours, and the frost-free period is 182 days. The wind is more in spring, the temperature is changeable, the summer is extremely hot, the evaporation is strong, the autumn is clear, the temperature is rapidly reduced, the winter is cold, and the low air layer is stable. The extreme highest temperature is 43 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature is-32 ℃, and the frost-free period is 182 days on average. The air is dry, the atmosphere transparency is good, the cloud cover is less, the light energy resource is rich, the sunlight is sufficient, the annual sunshine duration is 3300-3500 hours, and the annual sunshine duration is one of the areas with the most sunshine duration in China.
According to the characteristics of rare annual rainfall, huge annual evaporation capacity, annual sunshine period, long frostless period, dry air and difficult water replenishing in the Hami area of Xinjiang. Moreover, areas where the green vegetation is recovered are all in the barren and wild mountainous areas, the sprinkling irrigation technology and water supplement are adopted after the vegetation is planted, labor and time are wasted, and the survival rate of the plants can not be guaranteed to be 100%.
For arid and semiarid regions in northwest China, the characteristics of less rainfall, strong evaporation, deep soil layer and the like exist, so that the phenomena of deeper underground water burial and deficient surface soil moisture are caused. The sandy soil has relatively poor water retention and relatively obvious water shortage, so that the part of land resources are difficult to utilize, and even natural disasters such as water loss, soil erosion, sand storm and the like can be caused by severe weather.
Therefore, how to increase the utilization rate of land resources, how to reduce the consumption of water resources, how to improve the utilization rate of water resources and how to meet the requirements of quality improvement and efficiency improvement has very important significance for the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry and fruit industry.
Aiming at the problems and the existing drought and water shortage conditions in northwest arid areas and areas along railways in China, the ecological soil moisture conservation and grass prevention micro rainwater collection system which has obvious water conservation effect, low production cost, relatively simple manufacture and no pollution to soil is developed and has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological micro rainwater collection system along a railway, which not only fully collects and utilizes rainfall, but also prevents the growth of weeds, reduces the use of herbicides, reduces the consumption of manpower, material resources and financial resources, achieves the effects of preserving soil moisture, storing water, increasing temperature and preventing grass and greatly improves the survival rate of sandy soil greening vegetation; meanwhile, the preparation is simple, the cost is low, and the soil is not polluted.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a railway soil moisture conservation prevents ecological collection rain system that declines of grass along line which characterized in that: the water-retaining film is paved on the upper surface of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge and the upper surface of the water collecting area, and soil piles for pressing the water-retaining film are piled on the lower part of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge at intervals; the soil moisture conservation and weed control ecological pad is characterized in that a natural sodium-based bentonite soil moisture conservation and weed control ecological pad is closely paved on one circle of the inner wall of the water collecting pit, a fine soil layer is paved at the bottom of the water collecting pit, an underwater seepage fragment stone cushion layer which is bundled in advance is arranged on the periphery of the root of the drought-resistant tree species, the underwater seepage fragment stone cushion layer is arranged above the fine soil layer, and a sand layer for fixing the drought-resistant tree species is buried in the root of the drought-resistant tree species; sand layer and the top of oozing the piece stone bed course under water all are provided with the plant straw bed course, the top of plant straw bed course is provided with slice, ovum form rubble bed course, the joint pressure of water-retaining nature film is in the bottom of slice, ovum form rubble bed course and paste mutually with the plant straw bed course.
Foretell railway is ecological little rain system that gathers of soil moisture conservation grass along line, its characterized in that: the natural sodium bentonite soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological pad comprises a soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological pad body and a plurality of hollow cavity pipes vertically inserted in the soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological pad body, the ecological pad body for preserving soil moisture and preventing grass comprises a front fabric cloth layer, a rear fabric cloth layer, a left fabric cloth layer, a right fabric cloth layer, an upper fabric cloth layer, a lower fabric cloth layer and a middle fabric cloth layer, the front fabric cloth layer, the rear fabric cloth layer, the left fabric cloth layer, the right fabric cloth layer, the upper fabric cloth layer and the lower fabric cloth layer enclose a closed hollow cuboid structure, the number of the middle fabric cloth layers is one or more, the middle fabric cloth layers are arranged in the hollow cuboid structure, the periphery of the middle fabric cloth layer is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the hollow cuboid structure, the middle fabric cloth layer divides the interior of the hollow cuboid structure into a plurality of filling cavities, and natural sodium bentonite is filled in the filling cavities; the plurality of cavity pipes vertically penetrate through the lower fabric cloth layer, the middle fabric cloth layer and the upper fabric cloth layer, the outer walls of the cavity pipes are tightly attached to the lower fabric cloth layer, the middle fabric cloth layer and the upper fabric cloth layer, the upper end of each cavity pipe penetrates through the upper fabric cloth layer, the lower end of each cavity pipe penetrates through the lower fabric cloth layer, and a plurality of water permeable holes are formed in each cavity pipe; the cavity pipe is vertically arranged in the water collecting pit.
Foretell railway is ecological little rain system that gathers of soil moisture conservation grass along line, its characterized in that: the number of the middle fabric cloth layers is two, and the two middle fabric cloth layers are uniformly arranged in the hollow cuboid structure; the middle fabric cloth layer is of a cuboid structure, the cavity pipes are evenly arranged along the length direction of the middle fabric cloth layer, and the distance between the adjacent cavity pipes is 15 cm-25 cm.
Foretell railway is ecological little rain system that gathers of soil moisture conservation grass along line, its characterized in that: the cavity pipe is a circular cavity pipe, and the outer diameter of the cavity pipe is 1 cm-2 cm; the shape of the water permeable hole 11 is square or circular, the front fabric cloth layer 1, the rear fabric cloth layer 2, the left fabric cloth layer 3, the right fabric cloth layer 4, the upper fabric cloth layer 5, the lower fabric cloth layer 6 and the middle fabric cloth layer 7 are sewn by a synthetic fiber surface layer and a linen bottom layer, and the cavity pipe 8 is a polyethylene pipe.
Foretell railway is ecological little rain system that gathers of soil moisture conservation grass along line, its characterized in that: the manufacturing method of the natural sodium bentonite soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological pad comprises the following steps:
step one, crushing and purifying natural sodium bentonite: crushing and purifying natural sodium bentonite tailings by a dry method to separate impurities from bentonite, thereby obtaining fine natural sodium bentonite powder; then grinding the natural sodium bentonite fine powder into mineral powder with the particle size of 100-200 meshes to obtain the natural sodium bentonite;
step two, forming the ecological cushion: the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological cushion body is formed by adopting a fabric cloth layer, a plurality of water permeable cavity pipes are inserted into the formed soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological cushion body, the two ends of each cavity pipe penetrate through an upper fabric cloth layer and a lower fabric cloth layer respectively, and the interior of the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological cushion body is divided into a plurality of layers of filling cavities by the cavity pipes; then, uniformly filling the natural sodium bentonite obtained in the step one into a filling cavity, closely attaching the filled natural sodium bentonite to a cavity pipe, and sealing the soil moisture preservation and weed prevention ecological pad body after filling to obtain a soil moisture preservation and weed prevention ecological pad of the natural sodium bentonite;
the height H of the natural sodium bentonite filled in each layer of filling cavity is 1 cm-1.5 cm, and the overall thickness D of the hollow cuboid structure filled with the natural sodium bentonite is 3 cm-5 cm.
Foretell railway is along soil moisture conservation prevents ecological collection rain system a little of grass, its characterized in that: the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge is formed by piling up sandy soil and broken stones, the length of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge is 5-10 m, the width of the ridge surface of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge is 0.5-1.5 m, and the height between the highest point of the ridge surface of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge and the ground surface is 0.4 m; the width of a soil groove of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge is 3-8 m, the depth of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge is 10-15 cm, and the gradient of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge is 10-30 degrees; the water-retaining film is a black or white impermeable and slightly light-transmitting film, and the joint of the water-retaining film is buried in the earth surface by sand and soil stones at the place contacted with the railway line foundation.
Foretell railway is ecological little rain system that gathers of soil moisture conservation grass along line, its characterized in that: the number of the water collecting pits is multiple, the water collecting pits are arranged at intervals of 2-3 m along the length direction of a water collecting area, and the water collecting pits are of cylindrical structures with the diameters of 50cm and the depths of 30-40 cm.
Foretell railway is ecological little rain system that gathers of soil moisture conservation grass along line, its characterized in that: the fine soil layer is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 56-75% of fine soil, 8-20% of composite water-retaining agent, 8-12% of rooting agent and 6-16% of saline-alkali resistant microbial inoculum; the composite water-retaining agent is formed by mixing 72-92% of sodium polyacrylate and 8-28% of sodium bentonite in percentage by mass, the rooting agent is ABT biological bacterium rooting powder, and the saline-alkali resistant microbial agent is a microbial agent.
Foretell railway is ecological little rain system that gathers of soil moisture conservation grass along line, its characterized in that: the thickness of the plant straw cushion layer is 8-12 cm, and the plant straw cushion layer is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-40% of a difficult-to-rot plant material, 45-65% of a perishable plant material and 10-18% of a fertilizer; the plant material difficult to rot is branches with the length of 2 cm-6 cm, and the plant material easy to rot is leaves or crushed plant straws; the fertilizer is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25 to 30 percent of urea, 36 to 45 percent of calcium superphosphate and 26 to 35 percent of potassium sulfate.
Foretell railway is ecological little rain system that gathers of soil moisture conservation grass along line, its characterized in that: the underwater broken stone infiltration layer is in a square shape with the length, width and height of 10cm, and the thickness of the flaky and oval broken stone cushion layer is 8 cm-12 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention achieves the functions of effective water collection, soil moisture preservation and weeding through the combined action of the water collection ridges and the surface films on the V-shaped ground surface, the water collection pits are also internally provided with flaky and oval stones and plant straws with water retention and downward water permeability, the collected rainwater directly reaches the root soil of the plants through the square underwater infiltration fragment stone cushion layer, meanwhile, the square underwater infiltration fragment stone cushion layer is provided with flaky gravels to facilitate water collection and rapid infiltration, and finally, the plants can fully utilize natural rainfall to meet the growth requirements of the plants.
2. The invention not only fully collects and utilizes rainfall, but also prevents the growth of weeds, reduces the use of herbicide, reduces the consumption of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and achieves the effect of increasing the yield of fruit trees.
3. The ecological pad for preserving soil moisture and preventing grass is low in production cost, the fabric cloth and the natural sodium bentonite inside the fabric cloth are rich in source, and the plant straw adopts tree pruning, leaves, weed roots and plant stems, so that the ecological pad is rich in source of raw materials and low in cost, has the effects of increasing temperature, storing water, preserving soil moisture, preventing grass and gradually decomposing and releasing nutrients, and has obvious effects of inhibiting weeds, improving soil, fixing quicksand and the like.
3. The soil moisture conservation and weed control ecological pad is very simple in manufacturing method, free of pollution to soil, capable of increasing soil moisture storage capacity by using rain collection when greenbelt greening projects are made in arid and rainless areas, capable of collecting rain to preserve soil moisture and soil preparation for planted plant seedlings, and simple in operation, convenient to construct, low in manufacturing cost, strong in durability and efficient in water and fertilizer utilization.
4. The invention has strong pertinence applicability, simple structural design, convenience and practicability, can bring remarkable economic benefit and social benefit, has wide application object range and wide application prospect, has obvious effects of preserving soil moisture, storing water, increasing temperature and preventing grasses, and greatly improves the survival rate of sandy soil greening vegetation.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of fig. 1 at B.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the position relationship between the present invention and a railway foundation slope.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of fig. 3 at C.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of fig. 3 at D.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological pad of natural sodium bentonite of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the natural sodium bentonite soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological mat of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 7.
Description of reference numerals:
1-natural sodium bentonite soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological pad; 1-front fabric cloth layer;
1-2-back fabric cloth layer; 1-3-left fabric layer; 1-4-right fabric cloth layer;
1-5, covering a fabric cloth layer; 1-6-lower fabric cloth layer; 1-7-intermediate fabric layer;
1-8-hollow cavity tube; 1-9-filling the cavity; 1-10-natural sodium bentonite;
1-11-water permeable holes; 2-fine soil layer; 3-underwater infiltration of a debris stone cushion layer;
4, artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge; 4-1-a water collection area; 5-stacking soil;
6-sandy soil layer; 7-plant straw cushion layer; 8-sheet-shaped and egg-shaped gravel cushion layer;
9-a water collecting pit; 10-drought resistant tree species; 11-railway line foundation;
12-water-retentive film; 13-earth surface; 14-railway foundation slope;
15-rail.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the invention comprises an artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge 4 constructed beside a railway, wherein the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge 4 is perpendicular to a foundation 11 along the railway, the low-lying area of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge 4 is a water collecting area 4-1, a water collecting pit 9 is dug downwards at the position of the water collecting area 4-1, the root of a drought-resistant tree species 10 is positioned in the water collecting pit 9, water-retaining films 12 are laid on the upper surface of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge 4 and the upper surface of the water collecting area 4-1, and soil piles 5 for pressing the water-retaining films 12 are piled at intervals on the lower part of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge 4; a natural sodium-based bentonite soil moisture conservation and weed prevention ecological cushion 1 is closely laid on the inner wall of the water collection pit 9 in one circle, a fine soil layer 2 is laid at the bottom of the water collection pit 9, an underwater seepage fragment stone cushion layer 3 which is bundled in advance is arranged on the periphery of the root of the drought-resistant tree species 10, the underwater seepage fragment stone cushion layer 3 is arranged above the fine soil layer 2, and a sandy soil layer 6 for fixing the drought-resistant tree species 10 is buried in the root of the drought-resistant tree species 10; sand layer 6 and the top of oozing piece stone bed course 3 under water all are provided with plant straw bed course 7, the top of plant straw bed course 7 is provided with slice, ovum form rubble bed course 8, the joint pressure of water-retaining nature film 12 is in slice, ovum form rubble bed course 8 the bottom and paste mutually with plant straw bed course 7.
A soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological micro rain collection system along a railway is used in arid and water-deficient areas, firstly, artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridges 4 are built on the sides of the railway, the area of low-lying areas between the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridges 4 is a water collection area 4-1, a water collection pit 9 is dug in the water collection area 4-1, the built artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridges 4 are vertically arranged with a railway foundation 11 along the railway, a railway foundation side slope 14 is stacked on the upper portion of the railway foundation 11 along the railway, and rails 15 are laid on the top of the railway foundation side slope 14. Black or white films which are impermeable, slightly transparent and have water-retaining property are paved on the upper surfaces of the whole artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge 4 and the water collecting area 4-1. The joints of the films are buried in the ground surface by sand, soil and stones at the contact positions with the railway foundation 11 along the railway, soil piles 5 with pressed films are piled on the films at intervals, and the soil piles 5 are used for preventing strong wind from blowing up the films and fixing the films to be tightly attached to the ground surface.
As shown in fig. 6 to 8, the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological pad 1 comprises a soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological pad body and a plurality of cavity pipes 1 to 8 vertically inserted into the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological pad body, the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological pad body comprises a front fabric cloth layer 1 to 1, a rear fabric cloth layer 1 to 2, a left fabric cloth layer 1 to 3, a right fabric cloth layer 1 to 4, an upper fabric cloth layer 1 to 5, a lower fabric cloth layer 1 to 6 and an intermediate fabric cloth layer 1 to 7, the front fabric cloth layer 1 to 1, the rear fabric cloth layer 1 to 2, the left fabric cloth layer 1 to 3, the right fabric cloth layer 1 to 4, the upper fabric cloth layer 1 to 5 and the lower fabric cloth layer 1 to 6 enclose a closed hollow cuboid structure, and the number of the intermediate fabric cloth layers 1 to 7 is one or more, the middle fabric cloth layers 1-7 are arranged in the hollow cuboid structure, the periphery of the middle fabric cloth layers 1-7 is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the hollow cuboid structure, the middle fabric cloth layers 1-7 divide the interior of the hollow cuboid structure into a plurality of filling cavities 1-9, and the filling cavities 1-9 are filled with natural sodium bentonite 1-10; the hollow cavity pipe 1-8 vertically penetrates through the lower fabric cloth layer 1-6, the middle fabric cloth layer 1-7 and the upper fabric cloth layer 1-5, the outer wall of the hollow cavity pipe 1-8 is tightly attached to the lower fabric cloth layer 1-6, the middle fabric cloth layer 1-7 and the upper fabric cloth layer 1-5, the upper end of the hollow cavity pipe 1-8 penetrates through the upper fabric cloth layer 1-5, the lower end of the hollow cavity pipe 1-8 penetrates through the lower fabric cloth layer 1-6, and the hollow cavity pipe 1-8 is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes 1-11; the cavity pipes 1-8 are vertically arranged in the water collecting pits 1-9.
In the embodiment, the number of the middle fabric cloth layers 1 to 7 is two, and the two middle fabric cloth layers 1 to 7 are uniformly arranged in the hollow cuboid structure; the middle fabric cloth layer 1-7 is of a cuboid structure, a plurality of the cavity pipes 1-8 are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the middle fabric cloth layer 1-7, and the distance between every two adjacent cavity pipes 1-8 is 15 cm-25 cm.
In the embodiment, the cavity pipes 1 to 8 are circular cavity pipes, and the outer diameters of the cavity pipes 1 to 8 are 1 cm-2 cm; the shape of the water permeable hole 11 is square or circular, the front fabric cloth layer 1, the rear fabric cloth layer 2, the left fabric cloth layer 3, the right fabric cloth layer 4, the upper fabric cloth layer 5, the lower fabric cloth layer 6 and the middle fabric cloth layer 7 are all formed by sewing a synthetic fiber surface layer and a linen bottom layer, and during specific manufacturing, the fabric cloth is formed by manufacturing synthetic fibers into a surface layer by a tufting method or a weaving method and then sewing the surface layer with the linen bottom layer. The cavity pipe 8 is a polyethylene pipe.
When rainwater enters the hollow pipe 1-8 of the fabric blanket with the natural sodium bentonite 1-10, water flow or water drops flow downwards along the inner pipe wall of the hollow pipe 1-8, and when the water drops flow to the water permeable holes 1-11 on the hollow pipe 1-8, the water drops can pass through the water permeable holes 1-11 and enter the sodium bentonite interlayer.
At the moment, the natural sodium bentonite 1-10 has a natural nano interlayer structure and cationic activity, can be highly expanded to 30 times of the volume of the natural sodium bentonite after absorbing water, and is arranged by interpenetration under the action of water pressure, so that the water is absorbed and stored in the sodium bentonite layer to the maximum extent, and the purpose of water storage and soil moisture preservation of the sodium bentonite is achieved. Meanwhile, the fabric felt absorbs more water when contacting with the sodium bentonite, and stores the water among the fabric cloths. When the plant needs moisture, the soil at the root of the plant seedling is subjected to moisture exchange, the moisture stored in the bentonite interlayer is slowly discharged outwards through the fabric cloth felt, the moisture between the bentonite interlayers is discharged, the volume of the bentonite is slowly reduced at the moment, and in the process from expansion to reduction of the bentonite interlayer, the soil near the plant seedling is loosened, so that the air permeability of the soil is improved. Meanwhile, as the fabric cloth felt surrounds the plant seedlings for a circle, the fabric cloth felt plays a good role in heat preservation and warm keeping in cold weather.
This ecological pad of soil moisture conservation grass protection can utilize collection rain to increase soil moisture reserves when the median greenery patches is done in arid few rain area, collects rain to plant seedling to the soil moisture conservation soil preparation, has easy operation, construction convenience, low in cost, the persistence is strong, the efficient characteristics are utilized to the liquid manure.
In this embodiment, the method for manufacturing the natural sodium bentonite soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological mat 1-1 comprises the following steps:
step one, crushing and purifying natural sodium bentonite: crushing and purifying natural sodium bentonite tailings by a dry method to separate impurities from bentonite, thereby obtaining fine natural sodium bentonite powder; then grinding the natural sodium bentonite fine powder into mineral powder with the particle size of 100-200 meshes to obtain 1-10 parts of natural sodium bentonite;
step two, forming the ecological cushion: the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological cushion body is formed by adopting a fabric cloth layer, a plurality of water permeable cavity pipes 1-8 are inserted into the formed soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological cushion body, two ends of the cavity pipes 1-8 respectively penetrate out of an upper fabric cloth layer 1-5 and a lower fabric cloth layer 1-6, and the cavity pipes 1-8 divide the interior of the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological cushion body into a plurality of layers of filling cavities 1-9; then uniformly filling 1-10 parts of the natural sodium bentonite obtained in the step one into a filling cavity 1-9, closely attaching 1-10 parts of the filled natural sodium bentonite to a cavity pipe 1-8, and sealing the soil moisture preservation and weed prevention ecological cushion body after filling to obtain a natural sodium bentonite soil moisture preservation and weed prevention ecological cushion;
wherein the height H of the natural sodium bentonite 1-10 filled in each layer of the filling cavity 1-9 is 1 cm-1.5 cm, and the overall thickness D of the hollow cuboid structure filled with the natural sodium bentonite 1-10 is 3 cm-5 cm.
In the embodiment, the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge 4 is formed by piling up sandy soil and broken stones, the length of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge 4 is 5 m-10 m, the width of the ridge surface of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge 4 is 0.5 m-1.5 m, and the height between the highest point of the ridge surface of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge 4 and the ground surface 13 is 0.4 m; the width of a soil groove of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge 4 is 3-8 m, the depth of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge 4 is 10-15 cm, and the gradient of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge 4 is 10-30 degrees; the water-retaining film 12 is a black or white impermeable and slightly light-transmitting film, and the joint of the water-retaining film 12 is buried in the earth surface by sand and soil stones at the place where the railway line foundation 11 contacts.
In this embodiment, the number of the water collecting pits 9 is plural, the plural water collecting pits 9 are arranged at intervals of 2m to 3m along the length direction of the water collecting area 4-1, and the water collecting pits 9 have a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 50cm and a depth of 30cm to 40 cm.
In this embodiment, the fine soil layer 2 is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 56-75% of fine soil, 8-20% of composite water-retaining agent, 8-12% of rooting agent and 6-16% of saline-alkali resistant microbial inoculum; the composite water-retaining agent is formed by mixing 72-92% of sodium polyacrylate and 8-28% of sodium bentonite in percentage by mass, the rooting agent is ABT biological bacterium rooting powder (commercially available), and the saline-alkali resistant microbial agent is a microbial agent (product: bacterium invincibility).
In this embodiment, the thickness of the plant straw cushion layer 7 is 8 cm-12 cm, and the plant straw cushion layer 7 is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-40% of a difficultly rotten plant material, 45-65% of a perishable plant material and 10-18% of a fertilizer; the plant material difficult to rot is branches with the length of 2 cm-6 cm, and the plant material easy to rot is leaves or crushed plant straws; the fertilizer is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25 to 30 percent of urea, 36 to 45 percent of calcium superphosphate and 26 to 35 percent of potassium sulfate.
In this embodiment, the underwater broken stone pad layer 3 is in the shape of a cube with a length, a width and a height of 10cm, and the thickness of the flaky and oval broken stone pad layer 8 is 8 cm-12 cm.
The invention relates to a soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological micro-rainwater collection system along a railway, when raining, rainwater rapidly flows through a waterproof black plastic film pressed by a soil heap ridge 5 and under the condition of a water collection ridge, and during the flow generation process, less rainwater is lost, and collected water quickly reaches
In the water collecting pit, collected water quickly penetrates through the gaps of the sheet crushed stone layers and quickly infiltrates to the plant straw layers, and then infiltrates to the water collecting pit 9 through the plant straw layers. At the moment, a small amount of water permeates into the soil downwards, most of collected water rapidly permeates through the cube column type underwater seepage fragment stone cushion layer 3, the seepage of the collected water is accelerated by the flaky and oval gravel cushion layer 8, and in the process of seepage, accumulated water enters root soil of plants around a seepage channel to supplement the water shortage of the plants.
Meanwhile, part of the water is absorbed by the natural sodium bentonite soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological pad 1, and the soil moisture conservation material stores the water to the maximum extent under the condition of sufficient water. In the process of rainfall, rain collection, infiltration and plant root system soil, the black or white film is not only impermeable, so that the effect of water collection is achieved, but also the plants on the ground surface beside the water collecting pit can not grow normally, the consumption of water is reduced, the effect of preserving soil moisture by using a common film is achieved, and the water utilized by the plants is increased again. The flaky and oval gravel cushion 8 does not absorb water like soil and plays a role in moisturizing; meanwhile, the plant straws also play a role in ventilation and moisture preservation; when rainfall is strong, the water is accumulated too much, the flow is produced quickly in the ordinary soil preparation, the field can be washed, and the soil can not be infiltrated quickly, and the square upright column type underwater infiltration fragment stone cushion layer 3 and the flaky and oval crushed stone cushion layer 8 in the system can quickly enable the water to be gathered and infiltrated into the soil around the plant root system, so that the rainfall is fully utilized under the drought condition.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a railway soil moisture conservation prevents ecological collection rain system that declines of grass along line which characterized in that: the anti-drought water-retaining film mulching; a natural sodium-based bentonite soil moisture conservation and weed prevention ecological cushion (1) is closely paved on the inner wall of the water collecting pit (9) in a circle, a fine soil layer (2) is paved at the bottom of the water collecting pit (9), an underwater infiltration fragment stone cushion layer (3) which is bundled in advance is arranged on the periphery of the root of the drought-resistant tree species (10), the underwater infiltration fragment stone cushion layer (3) is arranged above the fine soil layer (2), and a sandy soil layer (6) for fixing the drought-resistant tree species (10) is buried in the root of the drought-resistant tree species (10); plant straw cushion layers (7) are arranged above the sand layer (6) and the underwater seepage fragment stone cushion layer (3), sheet-shaped and oval-shaped broken stone cushion layers (8) are arranged above the plant straw cushion layers (7), and joints of the water-retaining thin films (12) are pressed at the bottoms of the sheet-shaped and oval-shaped broken stone cushion layers (8) and are attached to the plant straw cushion layers (7);
the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological pad (1) comprises a soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological pad body and a plurality of cavity pipes (1-8) vertically inserted into the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological pad body, the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological pad body comprises a front fabric cloth layer (1-1), a rear fabric cloth layer (1-2), a left fabric cloth layer (1-3), a right fabric cloth layer (1-4), an upper fabric cloth layer (1-5), a lower fabric cloth layer (1-6) and an intermediate fabric cloth layer (1-7), the front fabric cloth layer (1-1), the rear fabric cloth layer (1-2), the left fabric cloth layer (1-3), the right fabric cloth layer (1-4), the upper fabric cloth layer (1-5) and the lower fabric cloth layer (1-6) are enclosed into a closed hollow cuboid structure, the number of the middle fabric cloth layers (1-7) is one or more, the middle fabric cloth layers (1-7) are arranged in the hollow cuboid structure, the periphery of the middle fabric cloth layers (1-7) is connected with the inner wall of the hollow cuboid structure in a sealing mode, the middle fabric cloth layers (1-7) divide the interior of the hollow cuboid structure into a plurality of filling cavities (1-9), and natural sodium bentonite (1-10) is filled in the filling cavities (1-9); the fabric comprises a plurality of cavity pipes (1-8), a lower fabric cloth layer (1-6), a middle fabric cloth layer (1-7) and an upper fabric cloth layer (1-5), wherein the outer walls of the cavity pipes (1-8) vertically penetrate through the lower fabric cloth layer (1-6), the middle fabric cloth layer (1-7) and the upper fabric cloth layer (1-5), the upper end of each cavity pipe (1-8) penetrates through the upper fabric cloth layer (1-5), the lower end of each cavity pipe (1-8) penetrates through the lower fabric cloth layer (1-6), and a plurality of water permeable holes (1-11) are formed in each cavity pipe (1-8); the cavity pipes (1-8) are vertically arranged in the water collecting pits (1-9).
2. The soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological micro rain collection system along the railway according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the number of the middle fabric cloth layers (1-7) is two, and the two middle fabric cloth layers (1-7) are uniformly arranged in the hollow cuboid structure; the middle fabric cloth layer (1-7) is of a cuboid structure, the cavity pipes (1-8) are evenly arranged along the length direction of the middle fabric cloth layer (1-7), and the distance between every two adjacent cavity pipes (1-8) is 15 cm-25 cm.
3. The soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological micro rain collection system along the railway according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cavity pipe (1-8) is a circular cavity pipe, and the outer diameter of the cavity pipe (1-8) is 1 cm-2 cm; the water permeable holes (1-11) are square or circular, the front fabric cloth layer (1-1), the rear fabric cloth layer (1-2), the left fabric cloth layer (1-3), the right fabric cloth layer (1-4), the upper fabric cloth layer (1-5), the lower fabric cloth layer (1-6) and the middle fabric cloth layer (1-7) are formed by sewing a synthetic fiber surface layer and a linen bottom layer, and the hollow cavity pipe (1-8) is a polyethylene pipe.
4. The soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological micro rain collection system along the railway according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the manufacturing method of the natural sodium bentonite soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological pad (1) comprises the following steps:
step one, crushing and purifying natural sodium bentonite: crushing and purifying natural sodium bentonite tailings by a dry method to separate impurities from bentonite, thereby obtaining fine natural sodium bentonite powder; then grinding the natural sodium bentonite fine powder into mineral powder with the particle size of 100-200 meshes to obtain natural sodium bentonite (1-10);
step two, forming the ecological cushion: the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological cushion body is formed by adopting a fabric cloth layer, a plurality of water permeable cavity pipes (1-8) are inserted into the formed soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological cushion body, two ends of each cavity pipe (1-8) respectively penetrate out of an upper fabric cloth layer (1-5) and a lower fabric cloth layer (1-6), and the interior of the soil moisture preservation and grass prevention ecological cushion body is divided into a plurality of filling cavities (1-9) by the plurality of cavity pipes (1-8); then uniformly filling the natural sodium bentonite (1-10) obtained in the step one into a filling cavity (1-9), closely attaching the filled natural sodium bentonite (1-10) to a cavity pipe (1-8), and sealing the soil moisture and grass conservation ecological cushion body after filling to obtain the soil moisture and grass conservation ecological cushion;
the height H of the natural sodium bentonite (1-10) filled in each layer of the filling cavity (1-9) is 1 cm-1.5 cm, and the overall thickness D of the hollow cuboid structure filled with the natural sodium bentonite (1-10) is 3 cm-5 cm.
5. The ecological rainwater harvesting system for preserving soil moisture and preventing grass along a railway according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge (4) is formed by piling up sandy soil and broken stones, the length of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge (4) is 5-10 m, the width of the ridge surface of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge (4) is 0.5-1.5 m, and the height between the highest point of the ridge surface of the artificial soil and stone V-shaped ridge (4) and the ground surface (13) is 0.4 m; the width of a soil groove of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge (4) is 3-8 m, the depth of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge (4) is 10-15 cm, and the gradient of the artificial soil-stone V-shaped ridge (4) is 10-30 degrees; the water-retaining film (12) is a black or white waterproof and slightly light-transmitting film, and the joint of the water-retaining film (12) is buried in the earth surface by sand and soil at the place contacted with the railway line foundation (11).
6. The soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological micro rain collection system along the railway according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the number of the water collecting pits (9) is multiple, the water collecting pits (9) are arranged at intervals of 2-3 m along the length direction of the water collecting area (4-1), and the water collecting pits (9) are of cylindrical structures with the diameters of 50cm and the depths of 30-40 cm.
7. The soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological micro rain collection system along the railway according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fine soil layer (2) is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 56-75% of fine soil, 8-20% of composite water-retaining agent, 8-12% of rooting agent and 6-16% of saline-alkali resistant microbial inoculum; the composite water-retaining agent is formed by mixing 72-92% of sodium polyacrylate and 8-28% of sodium bentonite in percentage by mass, the rooting agent is ABT biological bacterium rooting powder, and the saline-alkali resistant microbial agent is a microbial agent.
8. The soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological micro rain collection system along the railway according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the plant straw cushion layer (7) is 8-12 cm, and the plant straw cushion layer (7) is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-40% of a difficult-to-rot plant material, 45-65% of a perishable plant material and 10-18% of a fertilizer; the plant material difficult to rot is branches with the length of 2 cm-6 cm, and the plant material easy to rot is leaves or crushed plant straws; the fertilizer is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25 to 30 percent of urea, 36 to 45 percent of calcium superphosphate and 26 to 35 percent of potassium sulfate.
9. The soil moisture conservation and grass prevention ecological micro rain collection system along the railway according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the underwater seepage fragment stone cushion layer (3) is in a square shape with the length, width and height of 10cm, and the thickness of the flaky and oval broken stone cushion layer (8) is 8 cm-12 cm.
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| USRE37295E1 (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 2001-07-24 | Naue-Fasertechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Water and/or oil-impermeable sealing mat consisting substantially of a substrate layer, a layer of swellable clay and a cover layer |
| EP1416094B1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2005-03-30 | Cidieffe S.r.l. | A multilayer sealing mat |
| CN202017265U (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2011-10-26 | 上海仁众实业有限公司 | Bentonite waterproof blanket with geogrid |
| CN203684315U (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-07-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Micro rain collecting system for preserving soil moisture of trees in arid region |
| CN106320253A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽省水利水电勘测设计院 | Multi-pond ecological water compensation system construction method |
| CN109845444A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-06-07 | 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 | A kind of arid-desert area forestation without irrigation revegetation method |
| CN211730523U (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-10-23 | 上海兰光环保工程有限公司 | Double-faced film-coated sodium bentonite waterproof blanket |
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