CN112874719A - Ice zone ship propeller blade optimization method for improving ice load resistance - Google Patents

Ice zone ship propeller blade optimization method for improving ice load resistance Download PDF

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CN112874719A
CN112874719A CN202011409905.6A CN202011409905A CN112874719A CN 112874719 A CN112874719 A CN 112874719A CN 202011409905 A CN202011409905 A CN 202011409905A CN 112874719 A CN112874719 A CN 112874719A
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ice
blade
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傅江妍
陈曦
贺懿丽
朱江波
赵阳
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China Ship Development and Design Centre
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B71/00Designing vessels; Predicting their performance
    • B63B71/10Designing vessels; Predicting their performance using computer simulation, e.g. finite element method [FEM] or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • B63H1/02Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type
    • B63H1/12Propulsive elements directly acting on water of rotary type with rotation axis substantially in propulsive direction
    • B63H1/14Propellers
    • B63H1/26Blades
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/15Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]

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Abstract

The invention discloses an ice region ship propeller blade optimization method for improving ice load resistance, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the size and the range of the ice load of the propeller are simulated by a finite element method, the stress distribution condition is calculated, the ultimate strength and the fatigue strength are analyzed, the design scheme of the blade is iteratively corrected, and the ice load resistance of the blade is improved on the premise of avoiding design redundancy and ensuring the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of short development period, controllable technical risk under the input of manpower and material resources, and important help for improving the design quality and navigation safety of ships in ice regions.

Description

Ice zone ship propeller blade optimization method for improving ice load resistance
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ship propulsion technology, in particular to a design method for optimizing propeller blades so as to improve the anti-ice load capacity of the propeller blades of ships in ice regions.
Background
The hydrodynamic forces acting on the blades when the propeller is in operation have an axial thrust and a resistance opposite to the direction of rotation, both of which cause the blades to bend and twist. When the propeller rotates, the mass of the blades per se generates radial centrifugal force to stretch the blades, and if the blades are inclined or longitudinally inclined, the centrifugal force also needs to bend the blades; when the ship sails in an ice area or during the ice breaking process, the propeller blades are also subjected to the acting force of the load of ice blocks, the ice blocks can impact the blades, and the propeller of the ice breaker can be twisted, broken or even the propeller shaft is broken. It can be seen that the load borne by the propeller blades of the ship in the ice region is complex.
And whether the bearing capacity of the propeller meets the requirement of safe navigation of the ship is mainly judged at home and abroad through strength check. The strength of the conventional propeller in China is checked by adopting a cantilever beam method, namely, the propeller blade is regarded as a twisted cantilever beam with a variable cross section. The unit area load power of the propeller of the ship sailing in the ice region is often higher, and the strength checking method of the propeller blade is greatly different from that of a conventional propeller due to the existence of the ice load. The domestic CCS has part of general regulations about ice region sailing ships, but does not have complete standards about the inspection of the strength of the propeller, and the international relevant specification system only has relevant description on the load stress type of the blade. From the related research documents at present, the research on the ice load resistance of the ice region propeller is mainly to perform strength check and does not form a complete standard, and the research on the method for improving the ice load resistance of the ice region propeller through blade optimization design is less.
Therefore, in order to ensure the safe navigation of the ship sailing in the ice region, the ice load resistance of the propeller must be considered in the design process, and a corresponding optimization design method is provided, so that the propeller has enough strength in the ice region sailing state and cannot be damaged or broken.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ice region ship propeller blade optimization method for improving ice load resistance. By adopting the scheme, the stress condition of the propellers of the ice region sailing ship when the propellers are impacted by ice blocks can be simulated, the ultimate strength and the fatigue strength are analyzed, the design parameters of the blades are iteratively corrected, the hydrodynamic performance is evaluated, the blade design scheme is finally formed, and the technical support is provided for safe sailing of the ice region ship.
The invention discloses an ice region ship propeller blade optimization method for improving ice load resistance, which mainly comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: determining the size, the area and the direction of the blade bearing the ice load according to the ice level of the propeller;
the second step is that: finite element mesh division is carried out on the preliminary scheme strength analysis of the ship propeller in the ice region;
the third step: calculating and analyzing finite element strength;
the fourth step: optimizing the design of propeller blades;
the fifth step: carrying out finite element calculation analysis on the modified blade scheme, and if the scheme cannot meet the ultimate strength and fatigue strength balance at the same time or meets the requirements but has larger result redundancy, continuing to carry out iterative modification according to the method in the fifth step until the strength balance in the third step is met;
sixthly, carrying out open water performance evaluation on the iteratively modified blade by means of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) numerical simulation or model test and the like, and verifying whether the requirement on rapidity of the ship in an open water area is met;
and seventhly, determining a final blade optimization method and drawing a blade graph.
Preferably, the first step: and determining the size, the area and the direction of the blade bearing the ice load according to the ice level of the propeller. Determining the ice load according to the ice level of the propeller and design parameters, wherein the ice load on the suction surface is as follows:
Figure BDA0002815338440000031
the ice load on the pressure surface is as follows:
Figure BDA0002815338440000032
wherein S isice、HiceIs a coefficient determined according to the PC level;
n is the maximum rotation speed (MCR) of the propeller in ice region navigation, and unit rps;
d is the diameter of the blade in m;
d is the hub diameter in m;
EAR is disc surface ratio;
z is the number of blades;
Figure BDA0002815338440000033
according to the difference of ice load range, the method is mainly divided into the following four different load working conditions:
(1) load size of FbThe regions are uniformly distributed on the suction surface from 0.6R to the blade tip and extend 0.2 times of chord length from the leading edge, and the direction is vertical to the chord line at the position of 0.7R and faces backwards;
(2) the load size is 0.5FbThe blade tip areas are uniformly distributed in the suction force except for 0.9R, and the direction is vertical to the backward direction of a chord line at the position of 0.7R;
(3) load size of FfThe areas are uniformly distributed on the pressure surface from 0.6R to the blade tip and extend from the leading edge by 0.2 times of chord length, and the direction is vertical to the chord line at the position of 0.7R and is forward;
(4) the load size is 0.5FfThe blade tip areas are uniformly distributed on the pressure surface except for 0.9R, and the direction is vertical to the chord line at 0.7R and forwards.
The second step is that: finite element mesh division is carried out on the preliminary scheme strength analysis of the ship propeller in the ice region;
and (4) analyzing the strength of the blade under the ice load of the propeller by adopting a finite element method. And converting the radial distribution of the geometric parameters and the blade profile parameters of the preliminary scheme of the propeller into space point coordinate values according to the design parameter geometric relationship of the propeller of the sailing ship in the ice region. And constructing space points by using three-dimensional software, connecting the space points at each radius into a profile contour line, connecting the head and tail end points of the profile contour line into a guide edge contour line and a trailing edge contour line, constructing a leaf surface and leaf back space curved surface according to the contour lines, checking the quality of the curved surface and finishing to meet the requirement of finite element analysis.
And carrying out mesh division on the geometric model of the propeller blade. In order to be able to represent the complex three-dimensional stress state of the structure and to reach an acceptable accuracy, the propeller meshing employs hexahedral or tetrahedral spatial volume elements. The thinnest area of the blade divides at least 2 individual cells in the thickness direction of the blade and keeps the cell shape good.
The third step: calculating and analyzing finite element strength;
and (3) adopting the finite element analysis grid obtained in the second step, constraining all degrees of freedom at the blade root, loading according to the four working conditions determined in the first step respectively, carrying out finite element calculation to obtain stress distribution of the propeller under each working condition, and analyzing the strength condition of the propeller according to the ultimate strength balance and the fatigue strength balance.
The ultimate strength was first analyzed. The ultimate strength balance is as follows:
Figure BDA0002815338440000051
wherein σ0.2Is the material yield strength, σuIs the tensile strength of the material. If the maximum stress sigma in four operating conditionsmaxLess than sigmaacceptAnd the ultimate strength of the propeller blade meets the requirement.
And then checking the fatigue strength according to the Palmgren-Miner criterion. And obtaining the maximum stress range of the propeller blade according to the maximum main stress of the working condition 1 and the minimum main stress of the working condition 3, calculating the minimum sustained fatigue loss damage rate MDR, and if the MDR is less than 1, enabling the fatigue strength of the propeller blade to meet the requirement.
The fourth step: optimizing the design of propeller blades;
and analyzing in the third step, and if one of the ultimate strength or the fatigue strength does not meet the balance, optimizing the blade. According to the calculation result, blade optimization design is carried out by increasing the thickness of the blade section of the corresponding area, adjusting the form of the blade section and the like; if the finite element analysis result meets the strength requirement but the redundancy is larger, the thickness of the corresponding area is properly reduced or the section form of the blade is adjusted. And the design parameters of the modified area and other areas are kept smooth in the radial direction, so that the smooth degree of the curved surface of the blade is ensured.
The fifth step: and (4) carrying out finite element calculation analysis on the modified blade scheme, and if the scheme cannot meet the ultimate strength and fatigue strength balance at the same time or meets the requirements but has larger result redundancy, continuing to carry out iterative modification according to the method in the fifth step until the strength balance in the third step is met.
And sixthly, carrying out open water performance evaluation on the iteratively modified blade by means of CFD numerical simulation or model test and the like, and verifying whether the blade meets the rapidity requirement of the ship in an open water area.
And seventhly, determining a final blade optimization method and drawing a blade graph.
Compared with the prior art, the ice region ship propeller blade optimization method for improving the ice load resistance has the following benefits: under the conditions of short time and low investment, the condition that the ship propeller in the ice region bears the ice load can be simulated more accurately, local optimization of the blades is performed in a targeted mode, and design redundancy of the ship propeller in the ice region is avoided under the conditions of guarantee, safety and hydrodynamic performance.
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The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a finite element model and a mesh partition according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a loading condition of condition 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a loading condition of condition 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a loading condition of condition 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates a loading condition of condition 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a stress cloud under loading condition 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a stress cloud under load condition 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a stress cloud under load condition 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a stress cloud under load condition 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cloud of the maximum principal stresses under condition 1 of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cloud of the minimum principal stresses under condition 3 of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a stress cloud under the combined effect of condition 1 and condition 3 of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a radial distribution of thickness optimization for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description will explain the embodiments of the present invention by taking the optimization of the strength of the adjustable propeller blades of a certain PC6 grade ice-water vessel as an example.
Firstly, 4 working conditions of finite element analysis are obtained by calculation according to propeller design parameters and are shown in the following table 1,
TABLE 1 Propeller blade load conditions
Working conditions Working condition 1 Working condition 2 Working condition 3 Working condition 4
Stress (KN) 703.4 351.7 459.4 229.7
And establishing a propeller blade geometric model and carrying out finite element meshing. As shown in fig. 1, most regions of the finite element meshing adopt hexahedral meshes, and leaf tips adopt tetrahedral meshes locally to ensure the calculation accuracy and the mesh quality.
The loading of 4 working conditions is performed respectively, and corresponding boundary conditions are set, as shown in fig. 2 to 5.
Equivalent stress calculation is carried out, stress cloud charts of 4 working conditions are shown in fig. 6-9, and equivalent maximum stress results under all the working conditions are shown in table 2; the main stress cloud pictures of the working condition 1 and the working condition 3 are shown in figures 10 and 11, the stress cloud pictures under the combined action are shown in figure 12, and the fatigue strength balance calculation result is shown in table 3.
Table 2 initial solution ultimate strength calculation results
Figure BDA0002815338440000071
TABLE 3 initial recipe fatigue Strength calculation results
Figure BDA0002815338440000072
The allowable stress value is 284MPa according to the calculation of the propeller material, the maximum equivalent stress of 4 working conditions is 304MPa, and the ultimate strength of the scheme can not meet the requirement and the blade optimization is required.
As shown in fig. 13, the radial distribution of the blade thickness is adjusted, the thickness at the radius of 0.4R is increased by 10%, the thickness increment within 0.4R is gradually increased, and the thickness increment beyond 0.4R is gradually decreased to the thickness at the radius of 0.6R, which is consistent with the initial scheme, so as to ensure the smoothness of the optimized radial distribution of the thickness. Through finite element analysis and calculation, the ultimate strength and the fatigue strength of the optimized scheme are shown in tables 4 and 5, the requirements are met, and the redundancy of the calculation result is low.
Table 4 optimization scheme ultimate strength calculation results
Figure BDA0002815338440000081
TABLE 5 optimized solution fatigue Strength calculation results
Figure BDA0002815338440000082
And evaluating the hydrodynamic performance of the optimized propeller, and after the thickness is adjusted, the influence on the open water performance of the propeller is not large, so that the requirement on the rapidity of the ship can be met through calculation.
And finally, redrawing a blade graph according to the optimized blade design parameters to form the ship propeller design scheme.

Claims (8)

1. An ice zone ship propeller blade optimization method for improving ice load resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: determining the size, the area and the direction of the blade bearing the ice load according to the ice level of the propeller;
the second step is that: finite element mesh division is carried out on the preliminary scheme strength analysis of the ship propeller in the ice region;
the third step: calculating and analyzing finite element strength;
the fourth step: optimizing the design of propeller blades;
the fifth step: carrying out finite element calculation analysis on the modified blade scheme, and if the scheme cannot meet the ultimate strength and fatigue strength balance at the same time or meets the requirements but has larger result redundancy, continuing to carry out iterative modification according to the method in the fifth step until the strength balance in the third step is met;
sixthly, carrying out open water performance evaluation on the iteratively modified blade by means of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) numerical simulation or model test and the like, and verifying whether the requirement on rapidity of the ship in an open water area is met;
and seventhly, determining a final blade optimization method and drawing a blade graph.
2. An ice bank marine propeller blade optimization method for improving ice load resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step: determining the ice load according to the ice level of the propeller and design parameters, wherein the ice load on the suction surface is as follows:
Figure FDA0002815338430000011
the ice load on the pressure surface is as follows:
Figure FDA0002815338430000021
wherein S isice、HiceIs a coefficient determined according to the PC level;
n is the maximum rotation speed (MCR) of the propeller in ice region navigation, and unit rps;
d is the diameter of the blade in m;
d is the hub diameter in m;
EAR is disc surface ratio;
z is the number of blades;
Figure FDA0002815338430000022
3. the method for optimizing the propeller blade of the ship in the ice area for improving the ice load resistance as claimed in claim 2, wherein the following four different load conditions are mainly adopted according to the ice load range:
(1) load size of FbThe regions are uniformly distributed on the suction surface from 0.6R to the blade tip and extend 0.2 times of chord length from the leading edge, and the direction is vertical to the chord line at the position of 0.7R and faces backwards;
(2) the load size is 0.5FbThe blade tip areas are uniformly distributed in the suction force except for 0.9R, and the direction is vertical to the backward direction of a chord line at the position of 0.7R;
(3) load size of FfUniformly distributed in the region from 0.6R to the blade tip on the pressure surface and extending 0.2 times of chord length from the leading edge, and the direction is perpendicular to 0The chord line at 7R is forward;
(4) the load size is 0.5FfThe blade tip areas are uniformly distributed on the pressure surface except for 0.9R, and the direction is vertical to the chord line at 0.7R and forwards.
4. A method for optimizing a propeller blade of an ice bank ship for improving ice load resistance according to claim 3, wherein in the second step: analyzing the blade strength of the propeller under the ice load by adopting a finite element method, and converting the radial distribution of the geometric parameters and the blade profile parameters of the preliminary scheme of the propeller into space point coordinate values according to the design parameter geometric relationship of the propeller of the sailing ship in the ice region; and constructing space points by using three-dimensional software, connecting the space points at each radius into a profile contour line, connecting the head and tail end points of the profile contour line into a guide edge contour line and a trailing edge contour line, constructing a leaf surface and leaf back space curved surface according to the contour lines, checking the quality of the curved surface and finishing to meet the requirement of finite element analysis.
5. The method for optimizing the propeller blades of the ship in the ice region for improving the ice load resistance as claimed in claim 4, wherein the geometric model of the propeller blades is subjected to meshing, and in order to show the composite three-dimensional stress state of the structure and achieve acceptable precision, the propeller meshing adopts hexahedral or tetrahedral space body units; the thinnest area of the blade is divided into more than or equal to 2 individual units along the thickness direction of the blade, and the shape of the unit is kept good.
6. The method for optimizing the propeller blade of the ship in the ice region for improving the ice load resistance as claimed in claim 5, wherein the third step adopts the finite element analysis grid obtained in the second step, all degrees of freedom are constrained at the blade root, loading is respectively carried out according to the four working conditions determined in the first step, finite element calculation is carried out, stress distribution of the propeller under each working condition is obtained, and the propeller strength condition is analyzed according to the ultimate strength balance and the fatigue strength balance.
7. The method for optimizing the propeller blade of the ice region ship for improving the ice load resistance as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ultimate strength is firstly analyzed and is weighed as follows:
Figure FDA0002815338430000031
wherein σ0.2Is the material yield strength, σuThe tensile strength of the material; if the maximum stress sigma in four operating conditionsmaxLess than sigmaacceptThe ultimate strength of the propeller blade meets the requirement;
and then checking the fatigue strength according to a Palmgren-Miner criterion, obtaining the maximum stress range of the propeller blade according to the maximum main stress of the working condition 1 and the minimum main stress of the working condition 3, calculating the Miner continuous fatigue loss damage rate MDR, and if the MDR is less than 1, the fatigue strength of the propeller blade meets the requirement.
8. The method for optimizing the propeller blades of the ship on the ice area to improve the ice load resistance as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fourth step is performed by analyzing in the third step, and if one of the ultimate strength and the fatigue strength does not meet the balance, the propeller blades are optimized; according to the calculation result, blade optimization design is carried out by increasing the thickness of the blade section of the corresponding area, adjusting the form of the blade section and the like; if the finite element analysis result meets the strength requirement but the redundancy is larger, the thickness of the corresponding area is properly reduced or the section form of the blade is adjusted. And the design parameters of the modified area and other areas are kept smooth in the radial direction, so that the smooth degree of the curved surface of the blade is ensured.
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CN117574551A (en) * 2024-01-15 2024-02-20 武汉理工大学 Design method, device and equipment of propeller and storage medium

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113806864A (en) * 2021-09-13 2021-12-17 中国舰船研究设计中心 Marine metal propeller flow-induced vibration identification method based on noise cloud chart
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CN114154379A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-03-08 中国船舶科学研究中心 Method for calculating strength of polar region ship propeller
CN117574551A (en) * 2024-01-15 2024-02-20 武汉理工大学 Design method, device and equipment of propeller and storage medium
CN117574551B (en) * 2024-01-15 2024-04-19 武汉理工大学 Design method, device and equipment of propeller and storage medium

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Application publication date: 20210601

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