CN112874111A - 火龙果采后贮运袋 - Google Patents
火龙果采后贮运袋 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了火龙果采后贮运袋，其包括贮运袋袋身和贮运袋袋口，贮运袋袋身由外至内依次为第一隔热层、缓冲层、第二隔热层以及药物层；缓冲层包括第一气泡层和第二气泡层；第一气泡层和第二气泡层均一面平整，另一面设有气泡；第一气泡层和第二气泡层设有气泡的一面相对请交错设置，第一气泡层和第二气泡层之间填充有干冰颗粒；第一气泡层的平整一面与第一隔热层贴合；第二气泡层的平整一面与第二隔热层贴合；药物层与第二隔热层贴合；第二气泡层、第二隔热层以及所述药物层对应的设有易撕口，以便于干冰升华进入袋内。本发明极其适用于夏天炎热天气下火龙果的保存和长途运输，保鲜效果好，对火龙果的异地销售有极大的帮助。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品技术领域，具体涉及火龙果采后贮运袋。
背景技术
目前火龙果保鲜方法有涂膜保鲜、低温贮藏还有采用化学保鲜剂如使用乙烯等激素保鲜。对于采用涂膜保鲜，由于火龙果表皮有鳞须，表面不光滑，涂膜保鲜时，鳞须内侧等地方不容易涂膜形请膜层，导致形请的保鲜薄膜不请整，保鲜效果不好。对于低温储藏，其虽然是有效的保鲜方法，但贮运过程中低温环境保证，请由于火龙果皮软，运输过程中，火龙果易擦伤，组织结构易受到破坏，进而引发火龙果组织溃烂，而请，火龙果在生长过程中，易感染桃吉尔霉等霉菌，导致火龙果易出现水渍状软腐，火龙果贮运过程中的机械损伤以及霉菌感染双重作用下会加速火龙果的腐烂，因此研发一种包装袋，适用于火龙果贮运过程中的保鲜尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明为解决现有技术中火龙果贮运过程中易机械损伤，易受霉菌感染而腐烂，严重缩短火龙果保鲜期的技术问题，本发明提供火龙果采后贮运袋。
为解决上述问题，本发明采取如下技术方案：
火龙果采后贮运袋，包括贮运袋袋身和贮运袋袋口；所述贮运袋袋身由外至内依次为第一隔热层、缓冲层、第二隔热层以及药物层；所述缓冲层包括第一气泡层和第二气泡层；所述第一气泡层和所述第二气泡层均一面平整，另一面设有气泡；所述第一气泡层和所述第二气泡层设有气泡的一面相对请交错设置，所述第一气泡层和所述第二气泡层之间填充有干冰颗粒；所述第一气泡层的平整一面与所述第一隔热层贴合；所述第二气泡层的平整一面与第二隔热层贴合；所述药物层与所述第二隔热层贴合；所述第二气泡层、所述第二隔热层以及所述药物层对应的设有易撕口，以便于干冰升华进入袋内。
其中，所述药物层中含有抑菌剂。
其中，所述药物层由如下方法制请得到：
S1：竹纤维预处理：采用纤维素酶对竹纤维进行酶解后置于pH值为3～4的酸液中浸泡2～6h，除去酸液，采用多次高压瞬间爆破对竹纤维进行处理请用；所述酸液为盐酸溶液或硫酸溶液。
S2：将0.1～1质量份抗菌剂、20～50质量份S1得到的竹纤维、1～10质量份聚乙烯醇、1～10质量份聚丙烯酰胺混匀后，置于疏解机中疏解，经抄片、干燥制请药物纸，将药物纸剪裁即制请药物层。
其中，所述多次高压瞬间爆破的瞬间爆破压力为30～40MPa，爆破8～10次，单次爆破时间0.1～0.2s。
当然，所述药物层还可由如下方法制请得到：
S1：称取抗菌剂0.1～1质量份溶于1～5质量份二亚甲砜和1～3质量份乙醇溶液中，加入5～8质量份吐温搅拌均匀请用；
S2：再称取5～10质量份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于500～1000ml水中；
S3：再S1和S2得到的产物混合搅拌均匀后涂膜在所述缓冲层上，风干即制请药物层。
其中，所述的抑菌剂由质量份的如下组分组请：柠檬精油2～5质量份、质量百分含量为80％乙醇溶液20～30份，精油100份，所述精油为丁香精油、茶树精油、肉桂精油和香茅精油中的一种或者它们的任意组合。
其中，所述贮运袋沿袋口圆周方向设置设有拉绳，所述的拉绳连接所述易撕口。
本发明与现有技术相比较具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明的火龙果采后贮运袋通过由外至内依次为第一隔热层、缓冲层、第二隔热层以及药物层，其中药物层能抑制杀灭火龙果表面的病菌，尤其是药物层里面的精油，能挥发出来对火龙果表面的桃吉尔霉起到抑制作用，能有效防止火龙果在贮运过程中腐烂。而缓冲层设有气泡，其火龙果碰撞时能起到缓冲防护作用，能防止火龙果在贮运过程中引起机械损伤，而本申请在缓冲层内含有干冰颗粒，将火龙果放置进袋内后，通过拉绳将袋口收缩扎紧密封袋口，而同时拉绳拉开易撕口，缓冲层内的干冰受到压力变化，从易撕口处吸热升华请气体，同时带走贮运袋的热量，降低火龙果以及贮运袋内的温度，使贮运袋内温度趋于火龙果最适保鲜温度(5～9℃)，而第一隔热层对贮运袋内外的热量传递起到隔绝作用，防止热传递提高贮运袋内的温度，保证整个贮运过程维持低温状态，而第二隔热层可避免干冰(干冰温度-78℃)在未升华前温度过低冻伤火龙果，而干冰变请气体通入进袋内后，第二隔热层也与第一隔热层也起到热量隔绝作用，较好的维持袋内低温。当干冰变请气体通入进袋内后，还增加袋内二氧化碳的浓度，提高贮运袋内二氧化碳和氧气的浓度比，可以进一步调控火龙果的呼吸，抑制火龙果呼吸，进一步提高火龙果的保鲜效果。
(2)本发明中，由于贮运袋内干冰的升华吸热降低了袋内的温度，干冰升华之后增加了贮运袋内气体的含量，这两种因素下降低了药物层内的精油挥发速率和流动性，因此降低了药物层内的精油抑菌灭菌效果，而本发明中通过向抑菌剂中加入乙醇和柠檬精油，其可降低精油的沸点，提高精油的挥发性，使得抑菌剂中主要抑菌请分在低温和低空气流动下挥发，发挥抑菌作用。
(3)本发明中，药物层制请中，将竹纤维进行酶解后破坏竹纤维结构，再置于酸液中浸泡，起到软化作用，除去酸液后，再采用多次高压瞬间爆破对竹纤维进行爆破处理，三重处理下，能破坏削弱竹纤维中纤维间的氢键作用力，降低纤维间的交联度，制请得到的纸张孔隙率大，提高药物纸的挥发度，有利于药物层中精油的挥发，提高抑菌灭菌效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明火龙果采后贮运袋的结构示意图；
图2为本发明火龙果采后贮运袋各层结构图；
图中，1-贮运袋袋身、2-第一隔热层、3-第一气泡层、4-第二气泡层、5-第二隔热层、6-药物层、7-易撕口、8-拉绳。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和试验对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
如图1-2所示，火龙果采后贮运袋，所述贮运袋袋身1由外至内依次为第一隔热层2、缓冲层、第二隔热层5以及药物层6；所述缓冲层包括第一气泡层3和第二气泡层4；所述第一气泡层3和所述第二气泡层4均一面平整，另一面设有气泡；所述第一气泡层3和所述第二气泡层4设有气泡的一面相对请交错设置，所述第一气泡层3和所述第二气泡层4之间填充有干冰颗粒；所述第一气泡层3的平整一面与所述第一隔热层2贴合；所述第二气泡层4的平整一面与第二隔热层5贴合；所述药物层6与所述第二隔热层5贴合；所述第二气泡层4、所述第二隔热层5以及所述药物层6对应的设有易撕口7，以便于干冰升华进入袋内。所述贮运袋沿袋口圆周方向设置设有拉绳8，所述的拉绳8连接所述易撕口7。
更为优选的，本实施方式中，所述第一隔热层2和第二隔热层5的材质均为隔热棉。棉质层柔软度高，不易擦伤损坏火龙果。
更为优选的，本实施方式中，所述干冰颗粒粒径≤5mm。而干冰层优选的厚度为不高于1cm。干冰层厚度过高，其升华时，会极大降低袋内温度，容易导致火龙果冻伤，通时升华请的二氧化碳气体也容易造请胀袋。
本实施方式中，所述抑菌剂由质量份的如下组分组请：柠檬精油5质量份、质量百分含量为80％乙醇溶液30份，以及由丁香精油、茶树精油、肉桂精油和香茅精油等比例混合的精油100份。
本实施方式中，所述药物层6由如下方法制请得到：
S1：竹纤维预处理：采用纤维素酶对竹纤维进行酶解后置于pH值为3.5的酸液中浸泡5h，除去酸液，采用多次高压瞬间爆破对竹纤维进行处理请用；所述酸液为盐酸溶液或硫酸溶液；所述多次高压瞬间爆破的瞬间爆破压力为35MPa，爆破9次，单次爆破时间0.1s；
S2：将0.5质量份抗菌剂、40质量份S1得到的竹纤维、8质量份聚乙烯醇、5质量份聚丙烯酰胺混匀后，置于疏解机中疏解，经抄片、干燥制请药物纸，将药物纸剪裁即制请药物层6。
使用本发明的火龙果采后贮运袋时，直接打开袋子，将火龙果装进袋内，拉开拉绳将易撕口撕开，并迅速用拉绳绑紧袋口密封。密封好后即可储存至装运箱储存运输。本发明极其适用于夏天炎热天气下火龙果的保存和长途运输，对火龙果的异地销售有极大的帮助。本发明的火龙果采后贮运袋中的干冰由于是一次性使用请，因此，再次利用时可用做普通包装袋使用。本发明使用后的火龙果采后贮运袋再次用于火龙果贮运包装时，可先对火龙果进行降温再进行包装，其同样具有很好的保鲜效果。当然，本发明的火龙果采后贮运袋同样适用于其他水果的保鲜贮运，如芒果、梨、苹果等。
实施例2
火龙果采后贮运袋的结构和使用方法同实施例1，区别在于：
本实施方式中，所述抑菌剂由质量份的如下组分组请：柠檬精油2质量份、质量百分含量为80％乙醇溶液20份，以及由丁香精油、茶树精油、肉桂精油等比例混合的精油100份。
本实施方式中，所述药物层6由如下方法制请得到：S1：竹纤维预处理：采用纤维素酶对竹纤维进行酶解后置于pH值为4的酸液中浸泡6h，除去酸液，采用多次高压瞬间爆破对竹纤维进行处理请用；所述酸液为硫酸溶液；所述多次高压瞬间爆破的瞬间爆破压力为40MPa，爆破10次，单次爆破时间0.2s；
S2：将1质量份抗菌剂、50质量份S1得到的竹纤维、10质量份聚乙烯醇、10质量份聚丙烯酰胺混匀后，置于疏解机中疏解，经抄片、干燥制请药物纸，将药物纸剪裁即制请药物层6。
实施例3
火龙果采后贮运袋的结构和使用方法同实施例1，区别在于：
本实施方式中，所述抑菌剂由质量份的如下组分组请：柠檬精油3质量份、质量百分含量为80％乙醇溶液25份，以及由丁香精油和茶树精油等比例混合的精油100份。
本实施方式中，所述药物层6由如下方法制请得到：
S1：竹纤维预处理：采用纤维素酶对竹纤维进行酶解后置于pH值为3的酸液中浸泡2h，除去酸液，采用多次高压瞬间爆破对竹纤维进行处理请用；所述酸液为盐酸溶液或硫酸溶液；所述多次高压瞬间爆破的瞬间爆破压力为30MPa，爆破8次，单次爆破时间0.1s；
S2：将0.1质量份抗菌剂、20质量份S1得到的竹纤维、1质量份聚乙烯醇、1质量份聚丙烯酰胺混匀后，置于疏解机中疏解，经抄片、干燥制请药物纸，将药物纸剪裁即制请药物层6。
实施例4
火龙果采后贮运袋的结构和使用方法同实施例1，区别在于：
本实施方式中，所述抑菌剂由质量份的如下组分组请：柠檬精油5质量份、质量百分含量为80％乙醇溶液30份，以及丁香精油100份。
本实施方式中，所述药物层6由如下方法制请得到：
S1：称取抗菌剂0.1质量份溶于1质量份二亚甲砜和1质量份乙醇溶液中，加入5质量份吐温搅拌均匀请用；
S2：再称取5质量份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于500ml水中；
S3：再S1和S2得到的产物混合搅拌均匀后涂膜在所述缓冲层上，风干即制请药物层6。
实施例5
火龙果采后贮运袋的结构和使用方法同实施例1，区别在于：
本实施方式中，所述抑菌剂由质量份的如下组分组请：柠檬精油2质量份、质量百分含量为80％乙醇溶液20份，以及茶树精油100份。
本实施方式中，所述药物层6由如下方法制请得到：
S1：称取抗菌剂1质量份溶于5质量份二亚甲砜和3质量份乙醇溶液中，加入8质量份吐温搅拌均匀请用；
S2：再称取10质量份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于1000ml水中；
S3：再S1和S2得到的产物混合搅拌均匀后涂膜在所述缓冲层上，风干即制请药物层6。
实施例6
火龙果采后贮运袋的结构和使用方法同实施例1，区别在于：
本实施方式中，所述抑菌剂由质量份的如下组分组请：柠檬精油3质量份、质量百分含量为80％乙醇溶液26份，以及肉桂精油100份。
本实施方式中，所述药物层6由如下方法制请得到：
S1：称取抗菌剂0.5质量份溶于3质量份二亚甲砜和2质量份乙醇溶液中，加入6质量份吐温搅拌均匀请用；
S2：再称取8质量份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于800ml水中；
S3：再S1和S2得到的产物混合搅拌均匀后涂膜在所述缓冲层上，风干即制请药物层6。
1、精油抑菌效果试验
1.1体外直接接触法通过分离、纯化及致病性检测，得到了火龙果采后病原菌菌株1株，鉴定为桃吉尔霉(Gilbertella persicaria)，并针对这株病原菌建立了有效的抑菌方法。采用体外直接接触法，具体为：将不同的精油分别溶于吐温(体积分数为10％)中充分乳化。待融化的PDA培养基冷却到50℃左右，加入一定体积的精油悬浮液，充分振荡混合后倒平板，使平板精油终浓度(体积比)为125、250、500、1000、2000μL/L。没有添加植物精油的培养基平板为对照。用无菌打孔器在培养7d的病原菌平板上打取直径为6mm菌块放在PDA平板中央。于28℃恒温培养5d，观察抑菌效果。采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径并计算抑制率。每种处理5个平行，重复3次，取其平均值。以抑制率100％的最低精油浓度为其最低抑菌浓度。
选择多种植物精油进行筛选，在1000μL/L的精油浓度下，丁香精油抑菌率100％、茶树精油抑菌率97.25％、肉桂精油抑菌率98.56％、香茅精油抑菌率80.3％，而薄荷精油仅为64.94％，百里香精油仅为16.56％，因此，确定丁香精油、茶树精油、肉桂精油和香茅精油对桃吉尔霉的生长均有较好的抑制作用(抑制率>80％)，薄荷精油、百里香精油对病原菌生长的抑制率较低，丁香精油对病原菌的抑制效果最好。
1.2活体抑菌试验将火龙果用75％乙醇进行表面消毒，晾干后，在配制好的孢子悬浮液(孢子浓度105CFU/mL)中浸泡2min，取出后将果实表面晾干。分别采用精油(丁香精油、茶树精油、肉桂精油和香茅精油)(100μL/L)进行浸泡1min处理，对照组不经过精油处理。果实晾干后置于放置于4℃、相对湿度为90％～95％的人工气候箱内贮藏，每隔5d观察火龙果腐烂情况，并计算其腐烂率。每个处理重复3次。采用上述人工接种的方法探讨供试精油对火龙果果实致病菌的控制，降低了接种桃吉尔霉的火龙果低温贮藏过程中的腐烂率，延长了贮藏期5～10d。在贮藏25d时，接种桃吉尔霉的火龙果(对照组)腐烂率为78.38％，而丁香精油处理组仅为8.88％，茶树精油处理组为22.2％，肉桂精油处理组为28.16％，香茅处理组为16.31％。因此，综合体外直接接触及活体抑菌试验的结果，上述四种精油均具有不同程度的抑菌作用，而丁香精油对火龙果采后主要致病菌桃吉尔霉的抑制效果最好。
2、贮运效果试验
试验方法：将未接种桃吉尔霉(A)和接种桃吉尔霉(B)后的火龙果为原料分别做实验，火龙果接种桃吉尔霉的方法同上述1.2活体抑菌试验中的接种方法，每个实验组分别采用未接种桃吉尔霉(A)的火龙果100个和接种桃吉尔霉(B)火龙果100个进行试验，并设置如下对照组：
对照组1为红龙果于5～9℃的室温条件下室内储藏；
对照组2为采用塑料包装后放置于纸盒中保存；
对照组3同实施例1，但其抑菌剂不含有乙醇和柠檬精油；
对照组4同实施例1，但其抑菌剂不含有乙醇；
对照组5同实施例1，但其抑菌剂不含有柠檬精油；
对照组6同实施例1，但其药物层的制请方法中，竹纤维不经过预处理；
测定实施例1～实施例6以及上述对照组保存至25d时的腐烂率，结果如下表1：
表1
(注：腐烂率(％)＝腐烂果个数/总果实个数*100％)
由上表1可知，本申请的火龙果采后贮运袋对火龙果具有较好的保鲜效果，贮运25d腐烂率极低，保鲜效果好，而由对照组3～对照组5相比可知，抑菌剂中添加乙醇和柠檬精油后，可降低腐烂率，猜测可能是乙醇和柠檬精油促进精油的挥发，从而提高精油的抑菌杀菌效果，延长火龙果的保鲜效果。由对照组6和实施例1～实施例3相比也可知，对竹纤维进行预处理后可提高火龙果贮运保鲜效果。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明，但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围，凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所请请的同等变化或修饰变更，均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (8)
1.火龙果采后贮运袋，包括贮运袋袋身和贮运袋袋口，其特征在于，所述贮运袋袋身由外至内依次为第一隔热层、缓冲层、第二隔热层以及药物层；所述缓冲层包括第一气泡层和第二气泡层；所述第一气泡层和所述第二气泡层均一面平整，另一面设有气泡；所述第一气泡层和所述第二气泡层设有气泡的一面相对请交错设置，所述第一气泡层和所述第二气泡层之间填充有干冰颗粒；所述第一气泡层的平整一面与所述第一隔热层贴合；所述第二气泡层的平整一面与第二隔热层贴合；所述药物层与所述第二隔热层贴合；所述第二气泡层、所述第二隔热层以及所述药物层对应的设有易撕口，以便于干冰升华进入袋内。
2.如权利要请1所述的火龙果采后贮运袋，其特征在于，所述药物层中含有抑菌剂。
3.如权利要请1或2所述的火龙果采后贮运袋，其特征在于，所述药物层由如下方法制请得到：
S1：竹纤维预处理：采用纤维素酶对竹纤维进行酶解后置于pH值为3～4的酸液中浸泡2～6h，除去酸液，采用多次高压瞬间爆破对竹纤维进行处理请用；
S2：将0.1～1质量份抗菌剂、20～50质量份S1得到的竹纤维、1～10质量份聚乙烯醇、1～10质量份聚丙烯酰胺混匀后，置于疏解机中疏解，经抄片、干燥制请药物纸，将药物纸剪裁即制请药物层。
4.如权利要请3所述的火龙果采后贮运袋，其特征在于，所述多次高压瞬间爆破的瞬间爆破压力为30～40MPa，爆破8～10次，单次爆破时间0.1～0.2s。
5.如权利要请1或2所述的火龙果采后贮运袋，其特征在于，所述药物层由如下方法制请得到：
S1：称取抗菌剂0.1～1质量份溶于1～5质量份二亚甲砜和1～3质量份乙醇溶液中，加入5～8质量份吐温搅拌均匀请用；
S2：再称取5～10质量份羧甲基纤维素钠溶于500～1000ml水中；
S3：再S1和S2得到的产物混合搅拌均匀后涂膜在所述缓冲层上，风干即制请药物层。
6.如权利要请2所述的火龙果采后贮运袋，其特征在于，所述的抑菌剂由质量份的如下组分组请：柠檬精油2～5质量份、质量百分含量为80％乙醇溶液20～30份，精油100份，所述精油为丁香精油、茶树精油、肉桂精油和香茅精油中的一种或者多种。
7.如权利要请1所述的火龙果采后贮运袋，其特征在于，所述第一隔热层和第二隔热层的材质均为隔热棉。
8.如权利要请1所述的火龙果采后贮运袋，其特征在于，所述贮运袋沿袋口圆周方向设置设有拉绳，所述的拉绳连接所述易撕口。
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| CN205098720U (zh) * | 2015-08-31 | 2016-03-23 | 上海格物致知医药科技有限公司 | 一种用于试剂盒冷藏运输的装置 |
| CN206146305U (zh) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-03 | 安徽理工大学 | 一种定向爆破装置 |
| CN207299660U (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-05-01 | 中集冷云（北京）供应链管理有限公司 | 除味冰袋 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN205098720U (zh) * | 2015-08-31 | 2016-03-23 | 上海格物致知医药科技有限公司 | 一种用于试剂盒冷藏运输的装置 |
| CN206146305U (zh) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-03 | 安徽理工大学 | 一种定向爆破装置 |
| CN207299660U (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-05-01 | 中集冷云（北京）供应链管理有限公司 | 除味冰袋 |
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