CN112870845B - Active carbon-based air purification material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Active carbon-based air purification material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112870845B CN112870845B CN202011610152.5A CN202011610152A CN112870845B CN 112870845 B CN112870845 B CN 112870845B CN 202011610152 A CN202011610152 A CN 202011610152A CN 112870845 B CN112870845 B CN 112870845B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0407—Additives and treatments of the filtering material comprising particulate additives, e.g. adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0442—Antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
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Abstract
The invention provides an active carbon-based air purification material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of air purification. The active carbon-based air purification material prepared by the invention has multiple functions of resisting bacteria, removing formaldehyde, removing fine particulate matters in air, adsorbing harmful organic solvent gas and the like, has high specific surface area, good air permeability and high filtration efficiency, and simultaneously has excellent secondary forming processing capacity, thereby further expanding the application range of the invention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air purification, in particular to an active carbon-based air purification material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In northern China, due to air pollution, many tiny particles are suspended in the air, the particle size of the particles is mostly in the micron and nanometer level, and the particles not only have harmful effects on visibility, radiation compulsion and climate change on our living environment, but also have certain effects on human health, such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In particular to pollutant particles with the particle size of less than 0.1 mu m (PM 0.1), has higher reactivity and is easy to bring potential harm to human health. Meanwhile, various chemicals are used in factories, so that substances harmful to human bodies, such as benzene, homologous compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo [ a ] pyrene, pathogenic bacteria and the like, exist in the environment, and the harmful substances generally do not exist in a suspension or gas state independently, and are usually adsorbed on common dust or smoke dust of PM10, PM7, PM5, PM2.5, PM1 and the like to be changed into toxic and harmful particles. The particles have light weight and long suspension time in the air, so the human body has more chances to inhale. When a human body inhales the toxic particles, although acute poisoning cannot be caused immediately, the toxic particles are accumulated too much, and serious damage can be caused to the nervous system, the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the circulatory system and the reproductive system of the human body.
Formaldehyde is one of main pollutants of indoor air, low-concentration formaldehyde can cause changes of central nervous system and in-vivo enzyme activity and changes of endocrine and immune systems, high-concentration formaldehyde can damage the nervous system, the immune system and the liver of a human body and simultaneously stimulate eye conjunctiva and respiratory mucosa of the human body, so that people can generate lacrimation, watery nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, sphagitis, asthma, bronchitis and other diseases, indoor formaldehyde pollution mainly comes from artificial boards such as plywood, wood strips and shaving boards used for decoration, materials such as wallpaper, wall covering cloth and paint used for decoration, and furniture made of unqualified boards.
In the prior art, human body protective articles such as an activated carbon mask, a KN95 mask, a medical mask and the like exist, but the functions are single, and toxic and harmful substances such as toxic particles, formaldehyde, germs and the like in the air cannot be removed simultaneously. The activated carbon fiber is a good adsorption material, can adsorb and recover benzene, ketone, ester and petroleum waste gases, has high adsorption speed and large adsorption capacity, can be widely used in the fields of water purification and air purification, but is not widely applied at present due to poor secondary processing forming capability. Therefore, it is necessary to research a material for purifying air with high efficiency and removing solid particles, toxic and harmful gases, pathogenic bacteria and the like in the air.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing an active carbon-based air purification material and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides an active carbon-based air purification material which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-80 parts of nano material, 1-10 parts of graphene oxide, 5-30 parts of surfactant, 500-2000 parts of deionized water, 10-50 parts of antibacterial agent, 10-100 parts of lignin, 200-1000 parts of alkaline compound and 500-2000 parts of organic polymer rubber powder.
Further, the active carbon-based air purification material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-50 parts of nano material, 1-8 parts of graphene oxide, 10-30 parts of surfactant, 500-1800 parts of deionized water, 10-30 parts of antibacterial agent, 30-80 parts of lignin, 200-600 parts of alkaline compound and 500-1500 parts of organic polymer glue powder.
Further, the nano material may be a combination of at least one of nano zinc oxide, nano silver, nano titanium dioxide, nano mineral crystal, nano activated carbon, nano zinc and nano copper oxide, specifically, the nano material may be a combination of at least one of nano zinc oxide, nano silver, nano titanium dioxide, nano mineral crystal and nano activated carbon, and preferably, the nano material may be a combination of at least one of nano zinc oxide, nano titanium dioxide, nano mineral crystal and nano activated carbon.
Further, the surfactant is a combination of at least one of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, fluorocarbon surfactant, polyoxyethylene ether, tween and pentaerythritol fatty acid ester, specifically, the surfactant is a combination of at least one of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, fluorocarbon surfactant and tween, preferably, the surfactant is a combination of at least one of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate and fluorocarbon surfactant.
Further, the antibacterial agent is a combination of at least one of nano silver, nano zinc oxide, nano titanium dioxide, chitin, chitosan and vanillin, specifically, the antibacterial agent is a combination of at least one of nano zinc oxide, nano titanium dioxide, chitin and chitosan, and preferably, the antibacterial agent is a combination of at least one of nano zinc oxide, nano titanium dioxide and chitosan.
Further, the organic polymer rubber powder is a combination of at least one of polyimide rubber powder, EVA rubber powder, PET rubber powder, PP rubber powder, PBT rubber powder, polyester rubber powder and acrylic rubber powder, specifically, the organic polymer rubber powder is a combination of at least one of polyimide rubber powder, EVA rubber powder, PET rubber powder, PBT rubber powder and polyester rubber powder, and preferably, the organic polymer rubber powder is polyimide rubber powder, EVA rubber powder and PET rubber powder respectively.
Further, the basic compound is a combination of at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, specifically, the basic compound is a combination of at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium phosphate, preferably, the basic compound is potassium carbonate.
In one aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of an active carbon-based air purification material, which comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing the nano material, the graphene oxide and the surfactant according to the weight part ratio, adding deionized water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the vacuum degree and the temperature, and stirring to fully react to obtain a mixed solution A;
2) Weighing lignin and an alkaline compound according to the weight part ratio, adding 300 parts by weight of deionized water, stirring at constant temperature and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution B;
3) Pouring the mixed solution A prepared in the step 1) and the mixed solution B prepared in the step 2) into a reaction kettle, uniformly mixing, and heating to completely react;
4) Cooling, filtering, drying the obtained solid filter residue, calcining under the protection of inert atmosphere, cooling, pulverizing, and sieving;
5) Adding organic polymer rubber powder and an antibacterial agent, uniformly mixing, melting, and spinning by a screw extruder to obtain the active carbon-based air purification material.
Further, the vacuum degree in the step 1) is 0.05Pa-5Pa, the temperature is 10-50 ℃, specifically, the vacuum degree in the step 1) is 0.1Pa-3Pa, the temperature is 10-30 ℃, preferably, the vacuum degree in the step 1) is 0.1Pa, 0.5Pa, 0.8Pa, the temperature is 10 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃.
Further, the stirring speed in the step 1) is 200rpm-1500rpm, and the stirring time is 30-120 minutes, specifically, the stirring speed in the step 1) is 500rpm-1000rpm, and the stirring time is 30-90 minutes, preferably, the stirring speed in the step 1) is 500rpm, 800rpm, 1000rpm, and the stirring time is 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes.
Further, the reaction temperature in step 2) is 50-100 ℃ and the stirring time is 10-60 minutes, specifically, the reaction temperature in step 2) is 60-90 ℃ and the stirring time is 30-60 minutes, preferably, the reaction temperature in step 2) is 60 ℃, 75 ℃, 85 ℃, and the stirring time is 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 60 minutes.
Further, the heating temperature in step 3) is 100 to 500 ℃ and the reaction time is 1 to 6 hours, specifically, the heating temperature in step 3) is 100 to 300 ℃ and the reaction time is 2 to 5 hours, preferably, the heating temperature in step 3) is 200 ℃ and the reaction time is 4 hours.
Further, the drying temperature in the step 4) is 40-80 ℃, the drying time is 10-50 hours, specifically, the drying temperature in the step 4) is 45-75 ℃, the drying time is 12-36 hours, preferably, the drying temperature in the step 4) is 45 ℃, 60 ℃, 75 ℃, and the drying time is 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours.
Further, the calcination temperature in step 4) is 500-1000 ℃, the calcination time is 1-5 hours, specifically, the calcination temperature in step 4) is 600-950 ℃, the calcination time is 2-4 hours, preferably, the calcination temperature in step 4) is 850 ℃, 900 ℃, 950 ℃, and the calcination time is 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours.
Further, the particle size of the crushed and sieved particles in the step 4) is 50-500 meshes, specifically, the particle size of the crushed and sieved particles in the step 4) is 100-300 meshes, and preferably, the particle size of the crushed and sieved particles in the step 4) is 100 meshes, 200 meshes or 300 meshes.
On the other hand, the active carbon-based air purification material prepared by the invention can be applied to the preparation of air filtration materials, waste water filtration materials, personal protection products, household protection products and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The graphene oxide is utilized to have higher specific surface area and functional groups with rich surface, and reacts with the nano material and the surfactant under high vacuum degree, so that organic bonding of all components in the prepared active carbon-based air purification material is ensured, and the high adsorption rate characteristic of the prepared active carbon-based air purification material is ensured;
2) Dissolving lignin into a solution by using an alkaline compound, uniformly mixing the lignin with graphene oxide and a nano material, and reacting to bond the lignin, the graphene oxide and the nano material to form a net structure, uniformly distributing the graphene oxide, uniformly embedding and wrapping the nano material in the net structure, and calcining at high temperature to obtain a composite material of the lignin-based activated carbon loaded nano material, wherein the specific surface area of the activated carbon-based air purification material is further improved by using the characteristic of high specific surface area of the lignin-based activated carbon, so that the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon-based air purification material is greatly improved;
3) The organic polymer rubber powder, the micro-fine particle size particles and the antibacterial agent are mixed and melted and then extruded for spinning, so that the secondary forming processing capacity of the active carbon-based air purification material is improved, and the application range of the active carbon-based air purification material is expanded;
4) The active carbon-based air purification material prepared by the invention has multiple functions of resisting bacteria, removing formaldehyde, removing fine particles in air, adsorbing harmful organic solvent gas and the like, and has the advantages of high specific surface area, good air permeability and high filtration efficiency.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without further limiting its scope.
Example 1
A preparation method of an active carbon-based air purification material comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing 10 parts by weight of nano zinc oxide, 2 parts by weight of graphene oxide, 30 parts by weight of nano activated carbon, 10 parts by weight of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 100 parts by weight of deionized water, controlling the vacuum degree to be 0.1Pa, controlling the temperature to be 10 ℃, adjusting the stirring speed to be 500rpm, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain a mixed solution A;
2) Weighing 30 parts by weight of lignin and 200 parts by weight of potassium carbonate, adding 800 parts by weight of deionized water, adjusting the temperature to 60 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, and stirring for 30 minutes to obtain a mixed solution B;
3) Mixing the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, heating the mixture to 200 ℃, and reacting for 4 hours;
4) Cooling to room temperature, filtering, drying the solid filter residue at 45 deg.C for 24 hr, adjusting temperature to 850 deg.C under nitrogen protection, calcining for 3.5 hr, cooling to room temperature, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain 100 mesh particulate;
5) Adding 500 parts of polyimide rubber powder and 20 parts of chitosan by weight, uniformly mixing, melting at 350 ℃, and spinning by a screw extruder to obtain the active carbon-based air purification material.
Example 2
A preparation method of an active carbon-based air purification material comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing 30 parts by weight of nano titanium dioxide, 5 parts by weight of graphene oxide, 15 parts by weight of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 150 parts by weight of deionized water, controlling the vacuum degree to be 0.5Pa, controlling the temperature to be 20 ℃, adjusting the stirring speed to be 800rpm, and stirring for 60 minutes to obtain a mixed solution A;
2) Weighing 60 parts by weight of lignin and 300 parts by weight of potassium carbonate, adding 1000 parts by weight of deionized water, adjusting the temperature to 75 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, and stirring for 40 minutes to obtain a mixed solution B;
3) Mixing the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, heating the mixture to 200 ℃, and reacting for 4 hours;
4) Cooling to room temperature, filtering, drying the solid filter residue at 60 deg.C for 36 hr, adjusting temperature to 900 deg.C under nitrogen protection, calcining for 4.0 hr, cooling to room temperature, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain 200 mesh particulate;
5) Adding 800 parts of EVA rubber powder and 20 parts of chitosan, uniformly mixing, melting at 300 ℃, and spinning by a screw extruder to obtain the active carbon-based air purification material.
Example 3
A preparation method of an active carbon-based air purification material comprises the following steps:
1) Weighing 20 parts by weight of nano mineral crystal, 20 parts by weight of nano zinc oxide, 8 parts by weight of graphene oxide, 200 parts by weight of fluorocarbon surfactant FS-310020 and deionized water, controlling the vacuum degree to be 0.8Pa, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃, adjusting the stirring speed to be 1000rpm, and stirring for 90 minutes to obtain a mixed solution A;
2) Weighing 80 parts by weight of lignin and 500 parts by weight of potassium carbonate, adding 1500 parts by weight of deionized water, adjusting the temperature to 85 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, and stirring for 60 minutes to obtain a mixed solution B;
3) Mixing the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B, placing the mixture in a reaction kettle, heating the mixture to 200 ℃, and reacting for 4 hours;
4) Cooling to room temperature, filtering, drying the solid filter residue at 75 deg.C for 12 hr, adjusting temperature to 950 deg.C under nitrogen protection, calcining for 3.0 hr, cooling to room temperature, pulverizing, and sieving to obtain 300 mesh particulate;
5) Adding 1200 parts of PET rubber powder and 20 parts of chitosan, uniformly mixing, melting at 320 ℃, and spinning by a screw extruder to obtain the active carbon-based air purification material.
Comparative example
Active carbon-based air purification materials were prepared according to CN110302755 and CN112076735 as comparative examples 1 and 2, respectively.
Example 4
The activated carbon-based air purification materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were woven into filter membranes, and the purification capacity of the filter membranes was measured according to GB/T18801, the results of which are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
As shown in the table, the specific surface area of the active carbon-based air purification material prepared by the invention is more than 1800 m 2 The benzene adsorption rate is more than 90 percent, the toluene adsorption rate is more than 90 percent, the iodine adsorption rate is more than 150 percent, the filtration efficiency is more than 99 percent, the adsorption efficiency is superior to that of the comparative example 1 and that of the comparative example 2, and the GB/T18801 requirement is met.
Example 5
The activated carbon-based air purification materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were woven into filter membranes, and the formaldehyde removal capacity, PM removal rate, bacteriostatic rate, and air permeability were measured, with the results shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the table above, the formaldehyde removal capacity, the germ inhibition capacity, the PM2.5 removal rate and the air permeability of the activated carbon-based air purification material prepared by the invention are all superior to those of the comparative examples 1 and 2.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of an active carbon-based air purification material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Weighing the nano material, the graphene oxide and the surfactant according to the weight part ratio, adding deionized water, uniformly mixing, adjusting the vacuum degree and the temperature, and stirring to fully react to obtain a mixed solution A;
2) Weighing lignin and an alkaline compound according to the weight part ratio, adding 300 parts by weight of deionized water, stirring at constant temperature and dissolving to obtain a mixed solution B;
3) Pouring the mixed solution A prepared in the step 1) and the mixed solution B prepared in the step 2) into a reaction kettle, uniformly mixing, and heating to completely react;
4) Cooling, filtering, drying the obtained solid filter residue, calcining under the protection of inert atmosphere, cooling, pulverizing, and sieving;
5) Adding organic polymer rubber powder and an antibacterial agent, uniformly mixing, melting, and spinning by a screw extruder to obtain an active carbon-based air purification material;
the active carbon-based air purification material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-80 parts of nano material, 1-10 parts of graphene oxide, 5-30 parts of surfactant, 500-2000 parts of deionized water, 10-50 parts of antibacterial agent, 10-100 parts of lignin, 200-1000 parts of alkaline compound and 500-2000 parts of organic polymer glue powder; the alkaline compound is potassium carbonate;
the nano material is a combination of at least one of nano zinc oxide, nano titanium dioxide and nano mineral crystal;
the surfactant is a combination of at least one of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate and fluorocarbon surfactant;
the antimicrobial agent is chitosan;
the organic polymer rubber powder is a combination of at least one of polyimide rubber powder, EVA rubber powder and PET rubber powder.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the degree of vacuum is 0.05Pa to 5Pa, the temperature is 10 to 50 ℃, the stirring speed is 200rpm to 1500rpm, and the stirring time is 30 to 120 minutes.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature in the step 2) is 50 to 100 ℃ and the stirring time is 10 to 60 minutes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in the step 3) is 100 to 500 ℃ and the reaction time is 1 to 6 hours.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in step 4) is 40 to 80 ℃, the drying time is 10 to 50 hours, the calcining temperature is 500 to 1000 ℃, the calcining time is 1 to 5 hours, and the particle size of the crushed and sieved particles is 50 to 500 meshes.
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| CN113996187B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2024-01-09 | 中科朗劢技术有限公司 | Graphene oxide air sterilization film and preparation method thereof |
| CN114849412A (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2022-08-05 | 吕国杰 | Preparation process of formaldehyde purification material |
| CN115594163B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-07-28 | 青岛农业大学 | Columnar lignin-based capsule foam carbon and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN112076735A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-15 | 苏州远浩新纺织科技有限公司 | Active carbon fiber with air purification function and product thereof |
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