CN112867621B - 机动车辆的变速器和驱动系统 - Google Patents

机动车辆的变速器和驱动系统 Download PDF

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CN112867621B
CN112867621B CN201980068182.7A CN201980068182A CN112867621B CN 112867621 B CN112867621 B CN 112867621B CN 201980068182 A CN201980068182 A CN 201980068182A CN 112867621 B CN112867621 B CN 112867621B
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transmission
gear
drive shaft
drive
shaft
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CN112867621A (zh
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J·卡尔滕巴赫
M·霍恩
U·格里斯迈尔
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种机动车辆的变速器具有：用于第一驱动组件(3)的第一驱动轴(7)；用于第二驱动组件(4)的第二驱动轴(8)；从动轴(9)；第一子变速器(5)，第一子变速器包括第一驱动轴和以恒定传动比与第一驱动轴联接的副轴(11)，其中，齿轮(16，17，18)布置在副轴上，它们排他地与跟第一驱动轴共轴地布置的齿轮(12，13，15)啮合，至少一些齿轮(14、15)与布置在从动轴(9)上的齿轮(20，21)啮合，并且第一驱动轴和副轴指配有多个第一换挡元件(A，B，C，D)，它们或者提供具有第一数量的齿轮接合的挡位，或者提供具有第二数量的齿轮接合的曲径挡位；第二子变速器(6)，第二子变速器包括第二驱动轴，第二子变速器被设计为行星齿轮变速器，其中，齿圈(22)构成第二驱动轴，行星架(23)藉由一个与第一驱动轴共轴地布置的齿轮(14)联接至从动轴(9)，并且行星齿轮变速器指配有多个第二换挡元件(F，E)，太阳齿轮(24)能够藉由第二换挡元件与壳体固定地连接或者能够使行星齿轮变速器进行整体运行；子变速器离合器，所述子变速器离合器是能够藉由一个第一换挡元件(A)提供的。

Description

机动车辆的变速器和驱动系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车辆的变速器。此外，本发明涉及一种机动车辆的驱动系统。
背景技术
从US2017/0129323A1已知一种被设计为混合动力车辆的机动车辆的变速器。该变速器具有第一驱动轴，第一驱动组件可以联接至该第一驱动轴；以及第二驱动轴，第二驱动组件可以联接至该第二驱动轴。此外，该变速器包括从动轴，从动装置可以联接至该从动轴。第一驱动轴是用于第一驱动组件的第一子变速器的组成部分。第二驱动轴是用于第二驱动组件的第二子变速器的组成部分。两个子变速器根据US2017/0129323A1被实施为正齿轮变速器。这两个子变速器可以彼此联接，尤其藉由布置在副轴上的换挡元件彼此联接。
根据US2017/0129323A1所述的变速器需要相对较大的结构空间并且具有相对较大的重量。
发明内容
由此出发，本发明的基本目的在于，提供一种机动车辆的新型变速器和一种具有这样的变速器的驱动系统。
该目的通过按本发明的机动车辆的变速器来实现。
所述变速器具有用于第一驱动组件的第一驱动轴。
所述变速器还具有用于第二驱动组件的第二驱动轴。
所述变速器还具有从动轴。
所述变速器具有用于所述第一驱动组件的第一子变速器，所述第一子变速器包括所述第一驱动轴和以恒定传动比与所述第一驱动轴联接的副轴，其中，多个齿轮布置在所述副轴上，所述多个齿轮排他地与跟所述第一驱动轴共轴地布置的多个相应的齿轮啮合，其中，与所述第一驱动轴共轴地布置的各齿轮中的至少一些齿轮与布置在所述从动轴上的多个齿轮啮合，并且其中，所述第一驱动轴和所述副轴指配有多个第一换挡元件，所述第一换挡元件取决于其换挡位置为所述第一驱动组件或者提供具有第一数量的齿轮接合的挡位，或者提供具有更大的第二数量的齿轮接合的曲径挡位(Windungsgang)。
所述变速器具有用于所述第二驱动组件的第二子变速器，所述第二子变速器包括第二驱动轴，其中，所述第二子变速器被设计为具有太阳齿轮、齿圈和行星架的行星齿轮变速器，其中，所述行星齿轮变速器的齿圈构成所述第二子变速器的第二驱动轴，其中，所述行星齿轮变速器的行星架藉由一个与所述第一驱动轴共轴地布置的齿轮联接至所述从动轴，其中，所述行星齿轮变速器指配有多个第二换挡元件，所述太阳齿轮能够藉由所述第二换挡元件取决于所述第二换挡元件的换挡位置与壳体固定地连接或者能够使所述行星齿轮变速器进行整体运行。
所述变速器还具有子变速器离合器，所述子变速器离合器是能够藉由指配给所述副轴的第一换挡元件中的一个第一换挡元件提供的、是在所述第一子变速器与所述第二子变速器之间的，其中，当指配给所述副轴的所述一个第一换挡元件(藉由所述一个第一换挡元件能够提供子变速器离合器)闭合时，所述行星齿轮变速器的齿圈联接至所述副轴并且藉由所述副轴联接至所述第一驱动轴。
在根据本发明的变速器中，用于第二驱动组件的子变速器不是被实施为正齿轮变速器，而是被实施为行星齿轮变速器。
行星齿轮变速器的驱动侧或驱动轴提供该行星齿轮变速器的齿圈。行星齿轮变速器的从动侧由行星架构成，该行星架与从动轴处于操作性连接。行星齿轮变速器的太阳齿轮可以取决于指配给行星齿轮变速器的第二换挡元件的换挡位置或者与壳体固定地连接，或者联接至行星齿轮变速器的其他元件(例如行星齿轮变速器的齿圈)以确保整体运行。然而为了连锁，行星齿轮变速器的太阳齿轮还可能替代性地连接至行星齿轮变速器的行星架。
在根据本发明的变速器中，从动轴可以被实施得非常短，相对于与第一驱动轴共轴地布置的齿轮仅具有两个正齿轮层级。由此可以减小变速器的结构空间和重量。
根据一个有利的改进方案，所述行星齿轮变速器指配有另外的换挡元件，能够藉由所述另外的换挡元件取决于所述另外的换挡元件在所述行星齿轮变速器上的换挡位置设定所述第一驱动组件和所述第二驱动组件的转速叠加模式，在所述转速叠加模式下所述第一驱动组件与所述行星齿轮变速器的太阳齿轮联接，所述第二驱动组件与所述行星齿轮变速器的齿圈联接，并且所述行星齿轮变速器的行星架与所述从动轴联接。
藉由转速叠加模式，可以为所谓的电动力的行驶提供所谓的EDA模式。于是在EDA模式下，与第二驱动轴处于操作性连接的电机反向旋转并且相应地作为发电机运行，从而使得在电能储存器没有充电时也可以使用EDA模式。
根据一个有利的改进方案，存在第三驱动组件，所述第三驱动组件被设计为电机，其中所述第三驱动组件与所述第一驱动轴处于操作性连接。
借助第二电机或第三驱动组件可以实现变速器的特别有利的运行。因此，第二电机或第三驱动组件可以作为起动机-发电机工作并且改进包括变速器的混合动力驱动系统的功能。此外可以实现串行的行驶运行，其中第三驱动组件(即第二电机)在变速器的限定的换挡状态下为第二驱动组件(即第一电机)产生电流。
当第三驱动组件与在第一驱动组件与第一驱动轴之间的分离离合器组合使用时，可以提供纯电力的EDS动力换挡。
本发明还实现一种机动车辆的的驱动系统，所述驱动系统具有：
根据本发明的变速器，
联接至所述第一驱动轴的第一驱动组件，
联接至所述第二驱动轴的第二驱动组件，
联接至所述从动轴的从动装置。
附图说明
优选的改进方案自以下说明得出。借助附图详细地阐述本发明的实施例，而局限于此。在附图中：
图1示出机动车辆的具有变速器的第一实施例的驱动系统的简图；
图2示出图1的驱动系统的换挡矩阵；
图3示出机动车辆的具有变速器的第二实施例的驱动系统的简图；
图4示出机动车辆的具有变速器的第三实施例的驱动系统的简图；
图5示出机动车辆的具有变速器的第四实施例的驱动系统的简图；
图6示出机动车辆的具有变速器的第五实施例的驱动系统的简图；
图7示出机动车辆的具有变速器的第六实施例的驱动系统的简图；
图8示出机动车辆的具有变速器的第七实施例的驱动系统的简图；
图9示出机动车辆的具有变速器的第八实施例的驱动系统的简图；
图10示出机动车辆的具有变速器的另一个实施例的驱动系统的简图。
具体实施方式
图1示出机动车辆的根据本发明的驱动系统1的示意图，该驱动系统包括根据本发明的变速器2和两个驱动组件3、4，即优选被设计为内燃机的第一驱动组件3和优选被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4。
在优选的实施例中，该驱动系统相应地是具有内燃机3、电机4和根据本发明的变速器2的混合动力驱动系统。
根据本发明的变速器2包括两个子变速器5和6，即用于优选被设计为内燃机的第一驱动组件3的第一子变速器5，其中这个第一子变速器5包括第一驱动轴7，在图1的实施例中，第一驱动组件3永久地连接至该第一驱动轴。
根据本发明的变速器2还具有第二子变速器6。第二子变速器6用作用于优选被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4的子变速器，其中第二子变速器6提供第二驱动轴8，在图1中，被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4永久地直接地联接至该第二驱动轴。
变速器2还具有从动轴9(即唯一的从动轴9)，从动装置10联接至该从动轴。在此示意性地由从动装置10示出为差速器。
除了用于第一驱动组件3的第一驱动轴7之外，第一子变速器5还具有副轴11。副轴11与第一驱动轴7平行地延伸。
齿轮16、17和18布置或者支承在副轴11上。副轴11的齿轮16是固定齿轮，该固定齿轮防旋转地与副轴11连接。副轴11的齿轮17和18是活动齿轮。
副轴11指配有子变速器5的两个换挡元件A和C，这些换挡元件优选地构成双换挡元件，使得始终只能使这些换挡元件A和C中的一个换挡元件闭合。当换挡元件A闭合时，活动齿轮18防旋转地连接至副轴11。相比之下，当换挡元件C闭合时，活动齿轮17防旋转地连接至副轴11。
副轴11的齿轮16、17和18排他地与跟第一驱动轴7共轴地布置的齿轮(即齿轮12、13和15)啮合。齿轮12是第一驱动轴7的固定齿轮，该固定齿轮与副轴11的固定齿轮16啮合。由此实现副轴11的恒定传动比ic。
与第一驱动轴7共轴地布置的、与副轴11的活动齿轮17啮合的齿轮13是第一驱动轴7的活动齿轮，在第一子变速器5的指配给第一驱动轴7的换挡元件D闭合时，该活动齿轮防旋转地联接至第一驱动轴7。
在第一驱动轴7上支承有另外的活动齿轮14，该活动齿轮与第一驱动轴7共轴地布置。在第一子变速器5的指配给第一驱动轴7的另外的换挡元件B闭合时，这个活动齿轮14防旋转地联接至驱动轴7。
指配给第一驱动轴7的这两个换挡元件D和B在此进而优选地被实施为双换挡元件，其中始终只能闭合这些换挡元件D、B中的一个换挡元件。
副轴11的活动齿轮18与齿轮15啮合。这个齿轮15也与第一驱动轴7共轴地定位。
由于副轴11的齿轮16、17和18排他地与跟第一驱动轴7共轴地布置的齿轮12、13和15啮合，并且相应地没有与从动轴9的齿轮啮合，因此在周向方向上看，副轴11可以相对于第一驱动轴7相对自由地定位，即避免了与其他组件的几何碰撞。
变速器2的从动轴9承载齿轮19、20和21，这些齿轮全部被设计为固定齿轮。在此，从动轴9的固定齿轮19与从动装置10啮合，即与从动装置10的差速器啮合。固定齿轮20与第一驱动轴7的活动齿轮13啮合。固定齿轮21与第一驱动轴7的活动齿轮14啮合。
除了用于优选被实施为内燃机的第一驱动组件3的这个第一子变速器5之外，变速器2还包括用于优选被实施为电机的第二驱动组件4的第二子变速器6。
这个第二子变速器6在此被实施为行星齿轮变速器并且包括齿圈22、行星架23和太阳齿轮24。行星架22提供第二子变速器6的第二驱动轴8，在图1的实施例中，第二驱动组件4直接地并且永久地连接至该第二驱动轴。第二子变速器6的从动侧由行星架23提供，该行星架与活动齿轮14联接并且藉由活动齿轮14与从动轴9的固定齿轮21联接。
被设计为行星齿轮变速器的第二子变速器6指配有换挡元件F和E。藉由换挡元件F和E，行星齿轮变速器6的太阳齿轮24或者与壳体固定地连接至壳体25，或者以如下方式联接至行星齿轮变速器的其他元件，使得行星齿轮变速器处于整体运行。
当换挡元件E闭合时，被设计为行星齿轮变速器的第二子变速器6的太阳齿轮24与壳体固定地连接。与此相比，当换挡元件F闭合时，行星齿轮变速器6处于整体运行，尤其其方式为使得图1的太阳齿轮24连接至齿圈22。
与此不同地还可能可以实现，通过将太阳齿轮24连接至行星架23来提供被设计为行星齿轮变速器的第二子变速器6的整体运行。
如已实施地，第一子变速器5用作用于优选被设计为内燃机的第一驱动组件3的子变速器。在此，取决于换挡元件A、B、C或D的换挡位置，用于第一驱动组件3的第一子变速器5或者提供具有第一数量的齿轮接合(即两个齿轮接合)的常规挡位，或者提供具有更大的第二数量的齿轮接合(即四个齿轮接合)的曲径挡位。
在此，图2的换挡矩阵的挡位VM1和挡位VM3是这样的曲径挡位，在这些曲径挡位中，指配给副轴11的换挡元件C或A中的一个换挡元件闭合。
具有更小数量的齿轮接合的常规挡位是图2的换挡矩阵的挡位VM2和VM4。在常规挡位下，换挡元件C和A断开。
变速器2的这两个子变速器5、6可以藉由子变速器离合器相互联接。这个子变速器离合器由指配给副轴11的换挡元件A提供。在换挡元件A闭合时，优选被设计为内燃机的第一驱动组件3和优选被实施为电机的第二驱动组件4处于固定的转速比。因此，第一驱动组件3于是可以使用第二子变速器6的挡位，第二子变速器4于是同样可以使用第一子变速器5的挡位。因此，尤其在图1的换挡矩阵的状态1下，内燃机3的第一挡位使用与图1的第二驱动组件4相对应的电机EM1的第一挡位。
图2的换挡矩阵总结了图1的变速器2的可实现的换挡状态、挡位以及传动比。相应闭合的换挡元件用X标记。可以藉由第二驱动组件4(电机EM)进行纯电力行驶，或者藉由第一驱动组件3(内燃机VM)进行纯内燃机动力行驶，或者在这两个驱动组件3、4的参与下进行混合动力行驶。图2的换挡矩阵的传动比值仅为纯示例性质的。
此外可以在空挡中为未示出的电能储存器充电。
由于第二子变速器6被实施为行星齿轮变速器，从动轴9可以被实施得相对较短并且仅具有两个与第一驱动轴7的活动齿轮13、14啮合的固定齿轮20、21。由此可以节省结构空间和重量。在换挡元件F和E被实施为布置在第一驱动轴7的端部处的双换挡元件时，可以进一步减小结构空间。可以进一步地实现节省结构空间的是，如在图1中电机或第二驱动组件4共轴地实施，原因在于于是行星齿轮变速器的行星齿轮组可以被布置成嵌套在电机4的转子中。
图3示出图1的变速器2的改型，其中图3的实施例与图1的实施例的不同之处仅在于，优选被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4不是共轴地、而是轴线平行地布置的。在此，被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4藉由至少一个正齿轮级26连接至第二子变速器6的行星齿轮组的齿圈22。替代性地，第二驱动组件4可以藉由链条连接至齿圈22，该齿圈提供第二驱动轴8。在齿圈22与第二驱动组件4之间还可以藉由另外的行星齿轮级连接有预传动装置。图3的实施例与图1的实施例的不同之处还在于，在换挡元件F闭合时，太阳齿轮24与行星架23连锁并且没有与齿圈22连锁。在图3中还可以在换挡元件F闭合时，针对行星齿轮变速器实现整体运行。
图4示出图1的变速器2的另一个改型，其中在图4中，优选被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4藉由至少一个正齿轮级27或者还藉由链条连接至副轴11的活动齿轮18，并且因此藉由副轴11的活动齿轮18间接地与齿圈22联接，并且因此间接地与第二子变速器6的第二驱动轴8处于操作性连接。在图4的实施方式中，与图3的实施例类似的是，在换挡元件F闭合时，太阳齿轮24联接至行星架3，以便因此针对第二子变速器6的行星齿轮变速器提供整体运行。
就这一点而言应指出，在图1、图3和图4的实施例中，同样如将在更下文中描述的图7的实施方式中，第一驱动轴7不一定延伸直至变速器2的端部，而是第一驱动轴7也可以仅是从第一驱动组件3出发来看延伸直至换挡元件B。
图5示出本发明的实施方式，其中变速器2是镜像的，或者优选被设计为内燃机的第一驱动组件3与图1、图3和图4的实施例相比在变速器2的相反侧连接至第一驱动轴7。
图6示出本发明的实施方式，该实施方式基于图3的实施方式并且具有指配给第二子变速器6的另外的换挡元件G。当排他地这个另外的换挡元件G闭合并且所有其他的换挡元件A、B、C、D、E和F均断开时，在行星齿轮变速器6上存在对于第一驱动组件3和第二驱动组件4而言的EDA运行模式或转速叠加模式。在换挡元件G闭合时，被设计为内燃机的第一驱动组件3连接至行星齿轮变速器的太阳齿轮24。被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4与行星齿轮变速器的齿圈22操作性连接。行星架23进而用作从动装置。于是，以图2的数值示例，从优选被设计为内燃机的驱动组件3到从动装置(即到差速器)的转矩传动比为14.9并且高于第一挡位。通过在换挡元件G闭合并且所有其他的换挡元件断开时所提供的EDA运行模式可以相应地扩大变速器2的速比范围(Spreizung)。以图2的数值示例，被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4的转矩传动比为8.63并且与第二驱动组件4的第一挡位相对应。
在EDA运行模式下，可以在电能储存器为空时起步，原因在于于是被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4反向旋转并且相应地在车辆静止时作为发电机工作。
在(同样基于图3的实施例的)图7的实施例中，存在第三驱动组件28，该第三驱动组件同样如第二驱动组件4一样被实施为电机。
在此，被实施为电机的第三驱动组件28在图7中藉由一个或多个正齿轮级29连接至副轴11，即连接至副轴11的固定齿轮16，该固定齿轮与第一驱动轴7的固定齿轮12处于接合。由于副轴11以恒定传动级ic与第一驱动轴7处于固定的转速比，因此第三驱动组件28可以有利地连接至副轴11的固定齿轮16。还可以直接在第三驱动组件28的转子处实现另外的行星齿轮组作为预传动装置。
替代性地，第三驱动组件28还可以直接连接至第一驱动轴7的固定齿轮12。此外，第三驱动组件26可以藉由链条连接，为此可能需要第一驱动轴7或副轴11上的额外的固定齿轮，链条可以接合至该额外的固定齿轮。此外，第三驱动组件28(该第三驱动组件是另外的电机)还可以与第一驱动轴7共轴地布置，尤其布置在变速器2的两个端部处，即或者被布置成与被设计为内燃机的第一驱动组件3相邻或邻接或者被布置在邻接第二子变速器6的相反的端部处。同样还可以与图1的变体类似地实现两个共轴的电机4和28的组合。
被设计为电机的第三驱动组件28可以作为起动机-发电机工作并且因此改进驱动系统的功能。此外，可以实现串行的行驶运行，其中尤其在图2的换挡矩阵的换挡状态10和11下第三驱动组件28为第二驱动组件4产生电流。
图8示出图7的改进发展方案，其中进而存在另外的换挡元件G。图8的变体相应地可以说与图6和图7的变体的组合相对应，其中额外地存在分离离合器K0，该分离离合器连接在第一驱动轴7与被设计为内燃机的第一驱动组件3之间。
在图8的实施例中，这个分离离合器K0是形状配合的分离离合器。
当分离离合器K0闭合或替代性地不存在分离离合器时，可以提供功率分流的行驶运行。当在图8中分离离合器K0闭合并且此外排他地仅换挡元件G闭合并且所有另外的换挡元件A、B、C、D、E和F均断开时，可以提供功率分流的行驶运行，其中所有这三个驱动组件3、4和28共同作用。这种行驶运行可以在电能储存器为空时被用来起步，还直到较高的速度。当使换挡元件B、C或D中的一个换挡元件闭合时，可以实现变换至图2的换挡矩阵的挡位VM2、VM3和VM4。
当在图8中分离离合器K0断开时，可以纯电力地行驶。于是在这种情况下，第三驱动组件28取代第一驱动组件3。于是，被设计为电机的第三驱动组件28可以使用第一子变速器5的挡位。于是，在用于图1的实施例的图2的表格中提供有附注“混合动力驱动”的换挡状态在图8中被理解为以两个电机4和28运行。于是，对内燃机的说明适用于第三驱动组件，即电机28。
在图8的实施方式中，在分离离合器K0断开时，可以实现纯电力的动力换挡，所谓的EDS动力换挡。从图2的换挡状态10(其中被实施为电机的第二驱动组件4使用第一电动机的挡位)出发，可以实现在没有发生牵引力中断的情况下到达图2的换挡矩阵的换挡状态11。为此，于是被设计为电机的第三驱动组件28藉由换挡元件G联接至行星齿轮变速器6的太阳齿轮24并且接过换挡元件E的支持力矩。随后使换挡元件E脱离接合。然后，对换挡元件F进行同步并且置入该换挡元件。
在此有利的是，被设计为电机的第三驱动组件28在太阳齿轮24上所需的支持力矩和功率明显小于被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4在齿圈22上所需的支持力矩和功率。由此可以由相对较小且成本有效的电机实现第三驱动组件28。
在分离离合器K0断开时，还可以在所谓的EDA模式下纯电力起步。当排他地换挡元件G闭合并且所有其他的换挡元件均断开时，在行星齿轮变速器6上在由驱动组件4和28提供的这两个电机之间存在转速叠加模式。因此可以纯电力起步，其中两个电机4、28也可以在车辆静止状态下旋转。由此可以防止电机4、28上的所谓的静止状态功率降低(Stillstands-Derating)。
可以实现藉由共用的致动器来致动分离离合器K0和另外的换挡元件G，因此始终只能使换挡元件K0或G中的一个换挡元件闭合，而从来无法同时使这两个换挡元件闭合。由此可以节省一个致动器。然而在此不利的是，于是在分离离合器K0闭合时无法实现功率分流的行驶运行，原因在于无法同时使换挡元件K0和G闭合。然而在电能储存器为空时可以实现串行的行驶运行。
图9示出如下实施方式，其中离合器K0和另外的换挡元件G被实施为双换挡元件并且可以藉由共用的致动器被致动。在此，图9的实施例的变速器2与图8的变速器2相比是镜像的，即内燃机3连接在变速器2的另一侧。图8的实施例与图9的实施例之间的另一个不同点在于：在图9中，第三驱动组件28藉由至少一个正齿轮级29连接至第一驱动轴7的固定齿轮12，而不是像在图8中那样连接至副轴11的固定齿轮16。
图10示出本发明的另一个实施变体，该实施变体与图8的实施方式的不同之处在于：分离离合器K0不是被实施为形状配合的离合器，而是被实施为摩擦离合器。使用摩擦配合的分离离合器K0是有利的，原因在于还可以使摩擦配合的分离离合器K0在负载下断开，由此于是可以提供用于被设计为内燃机的第一驱动组件3的停止保护。于是这意味着，分离离合器K0在紧急制动时可以被断开，以防止被设计为内燃机的第一驱动组件3不期望地进入静止状态。
在图1至图10中示出的变体可以任意地彼此组合。因此，可以在分离离合器K0被示出为形状配合的爪式离合器的每个实施例中都使用摩擦配合的分离离合器K0。所有的变体可以具有分离离合器或者不具有分离离合器地实现。所有的变体可以具有换挡元件G或者不具有换挡元件地实现。在所有的变体中，被设计为电机的第二驱动组件4可以是共轴地或轴线平行地实施的。所有的变体都可以使用或者也可以不使用被实施为另外的电机的第三驱动组件28。电机4、28可以优选地为变速器2的整体式的组件。
附图标记清单
1 驱动系统
2 变速器
3第一驱动组件/内燃机
4第二驱动组件/电机
5 第一子变速器
6 第二子变速器
7 第一驱动轴
8 第二驱动轴
9 从动轴
10 从动装置
11 副轴
12 固定齿轮
13 活动齿轮
14 活动齿轮
15 活动齿轮
16 固定齿轮
17 活动齿轮
18 活动齿轮
19 固定齿轮
20 固定齿轮
21 固定齿轮
22 齿圈
23 行星架
24 太阳齿轮
25 壳体
26 正齿轮级
27正齿轮级
28第三驱动组件/电机
29 正齿轮级
A 换挡元件
B 换挡元件
C 换挡元件
D 换挡元件
E 换挡元件
F 换挡元件
G 换挡元件
K0 分离离合器

Claims (10)

1.一种机动车辆的变速器(2)，所述变速器具有：
用于第一驱动组件(3)的第一驱动轴(7)；
用于第二驱动组件(4)的第二驱动轴(8)；
从动轴(9)；
用于所述第一驱动组件(3)的第一子变速器(5)，所述第一子变速器包括所述第一驱动轴(7)和以恒定传动比与所述第一驱动轴(7)联接的副轴(11)，
其中，多个齿轮(16，17，18)布置在所述副轴(11)上，所述多个齿轮排他地与跟所述第一驱动轴(7)共轴地布置的多个相应的齿轮(12，13，15)啮合，
其中，与所述第一驱动轴(7)共轴地布置的各齿轮中的至少一些齿轮(14，15)与布置在所述从动轴(9)上的多个相应的齿轮(20，21)啮合，
其中，所述第一驱动轴(7)和所述副轴(11)指配有多个第一换挡元件(A，B，C，D)，所述多个第一换挡元件取决于其换挡位置为所述第一驱动组件(3)或者提供具有第一数量的齿轮接合的挡位，或者提供具有更大的第二数量的齿轮接合的曲径挡位；
用于所述第二驱动组件(4)的第二子变速器(6)，所述第二子变速器包括所述第二驱动轴(8)，
其中，所述第二子变速器(6)被设计为具有太阳齿轮(24)、齿圈(22)和行星架(23)的行星齿轮变速器，
其中，所述行星齿轮变速器的齿圈(22)构成所述第二子变速器(6)的第二驱动轴(8)，
其中，所述行星齿轮变速器的行星架(23)藉由一个与所述第一驱动轴(7)共轴地布置的齿轮(14)联接至所述从动轴(9)，
其中，所述行星齿轮变速器指配有多个第二换挡元件(F，E)，所述太阳齿轮(24)能够藉由所述第二换挡元件取决于所述第二换挡元件的换挡位置与壳体固定地连接或者能够使所述行星齿轮变速器进行整体运行；
子变速器离合器，所述子变速器离合器是能够藉由指配给所述副轴(11)的所述多个第一换挡元件中的一个第一换挡元件(A)提供的、是在所述第一子变速器(5)与所述第二子变速器(6)之间的，其中，当指配给所述副轴(11)的所述一个第一换挡元件(A)闭合时，所述行星齿轮变速器的齿圈(22)联接至所述副轴(11)并且藉由所述副轴(11)联接至所述第一驱动轴(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述第二驱动组件(4)能够直接联接至所述第二子变速器(6)的第二驱动轴(8)，使得所述第二驱动组件(4)直接地与所述第二子变速器(6)的第二驱动轴(8)处于操作性连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述第二驱动组件(4)能够间接联接至所述第二子变速器(6)的第二驱动轴(8)，使得所述第二驱动组件(4)间接地与所述第二子变速器(6)的第二驱动轴(8)处于操作性连接。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮变速器指配有另外的换挡元件(G)，能够藉由所述另外的换挡元件取决于所述另外的换挡元件在所述行星齿轮变速器上的换挡位置设定所述第一驱动组件(3)和所述第二驱动组件(4)的转速叠加模式，在所述转速叠加模式下所述第一驱动组件(3)与所述行星齿轮变速器的太阳齿轮(24)处于操作性连接，所述第二驱动组件(4)与所述行星齿轮变速器的齿圈(22)处于操作性连接，并且所述行星齿轮变速器的行星架(23)与所述从动轴(9)处于操作性连接。
5.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的变速器，其特征在于第三驱动组件(28)，所述第三驱动组件被设计为电机，其中所述第三驱动组件(28)与所述第一驱动轴(7)处于操作性连接。
6.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的变速器，其特征在于，一个布置在所述第一驱动轴上的固定齿轮(12)与一个布置在所述副轴上的固定齿轮(16)啮合，以便在所述第一驱动轴(7)与副轴(11)之间提供恒定传动比。
7.根据权利要求5所述的变速器，其特征在于，一个布置在所述第一驱动轴上的固定齿轮(12)与一个布置在所述副轴上的固定齿轮(16)啮合，以便在所述第一驱动轴(7)与副轴(11)之间提供恒定传动比，并且所述第三驱动组件(28)或者联接至布置在所述第一驱动轴(7)上的所述固定齿轮(12)，或者联接至布置在所述副轴(11)上的所述固定齿轮(16)。
8.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的变速器，其特征在于指配给所述第一驱动轴(7)的分离离合器(K0)，所述分离离合器用于使所述第一驱动组件(3)以能够脱离联接的方式连接至所述第一驱动轴(7)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述分离离合器(K0)被设计为形状配合的或摩擦配合的分离离合器。
10.一种机动车辆的驱动系统，所述驱动系统具有：
根据权利要求1至9之一所述的变速器(2)，
联接至所述第一驱动轴(7)的第一驱动组件(3)，
联接至所述第二驱动轴(8)的第二驱动组件(4)，
联接至所述从动轴(9)的从动装置(10)。
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