CN112865701B - Flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photo-thermal combination - Google Patents
Flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photo-thermal combination Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
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- H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photo-thermal combination, which comprises a spectrum frequency division unit, a photovoltaic cell, a flow battery and a light condensing unit, wherein ultraviolet-visible light transmitted by the spectrum frequency division unit directly irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic cell to generate electricity, and reflected infrared light is condensed by the light condensing unit; the photovoltaic cell is connected with the flow battery through a wire or a conductive coating to drive oxidation-reduction reaction in the flow battery; the flow battery comprises an electrolytic cell body, an anolyte liquid storage tank, a catholyte liquid storage tank and a circulating pump, wherein porous photothermal conversion materials are arranged in the anode cavity and the cathode cavity, the main body of the porous photothermal conversion materials is a porous framework, a plurality of mutually communicated pore channels are arranged in the main body, and photothermal conversion layers are arranged on the outer surface and the inner pore channels of the porous framework; the shell of the electrolytic cell body is made of light-transmitting materials, and the light spots obtained by the light condensing unit penetrate through the shell of the electrolytic cell body and irradiate on the porous photo-thermal conversion materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flow battery energy storage system, in particular to a photoelectric-photo-thermal combination-based flow battery energy storage system.
Background
As an inexhaustible renewable resource, the efficient utilization of solar energy is one of the important ways of reducing fossil energy consumption and reducing greenhouse gas emission. At present, common solar energy utilization modes comprise photoelectric conversion, photo-thermal conversion and the like. However, due to the intermittence and fluctuation of the solar energy, the instability of the energy output is directly caused, and the industrialized development of the energy is limited. Therefore, it is important to develop a solar energy conversion and storage technology that is safe, reliable, inexpensive and less polluting.
Currently, the conversion and storage modes of solar energy mainly comprise: 1) The solar energy is converted into fuel for storage, and common forms include water photocatalytic hydrogen production, photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 and the like; 2) Solar energy is converted to chemical energy for storage, and common forms include photoelectrocatalytic flow batteries. Among them, based on the photoelectrocatalytic flow battery, that is, the photo energy is stored in the form of chemical energy in the oxidation-reduction pair by means of solar energy driving, since it realizes the storage and release of solar energy by the oxidation-reduction pair having different valence states, the conversion and storage of solar energy of large capacity, low cost, recycling and high safety can be realized [ Li W, jin s.acception of CHEMICAL RESEARCH,2020,53:2611-2621]. Thus, it is considered as a potential solar energy efficient conversion-storage utilization technology.
The photoelectrocatalysis flow battery has two modes of photoelectrode driving and solar battery driving. Solar energy is converted into electric energy through photoelectrodes [ Feng H, jiao XH, chen R, et al journal of Power Sources,2018,404:1-6] or solar cells [ Li WJ, fu HC, zhao YZ, et al chem,2018,4:2644-2657] respectively to drive oxidation-reduction reactions in the flow battery, so that solar energy is stored. However, since the valence band of the material used to prepare the photoelectrode and the solar cell needs to be more positive than the anodic oxidation reaction potential and the conduction band position needs to be more negative than the cathodic reduction reaction potential during the driving oxidation-reduction reaction, only the spectrum of the ultraviolet-visible light band and part of the near infrared light band can be utilized, and most of the near infrared-infrared band solar energy is not available in both modes, which greatly limits the efficient storage and utilization of solar energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the technical problems and provides a flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photo-thermal combination, which mainly drives solar energy conversion and storage based on a flow battery in a photoelectric conversion and photo-thermal conversion combination mode to realize full spectrum and high-efficiency utilization of solar energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photo-thermal combination comprises a spectrum frequency division unit, a photovoltaic cell, a flow battery and a light condensing unit, wherein the spectrum frequency division unit is used for transmitting the spectrum of ultraviolet-visible light wave bands of sunlight and reflecting the spectrum of infrared light wave bands, the ultraviolet-visible light transmitted by the spectrum frequency division unit directly irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic cell to generate electricity, and the reflected infrared light is condensed by the light condensing unit; the photovoltaic cell is connected with the flow battery through a wire or a conductive coating to drive oxidation-reduction reaction in the flow battery;
The flow battery comprises an electrolytic cell body, an anolyte liquid storage tank, a catholyte liquid storage tank and a circulating pump, wherein the electrolytic cell body comprises an anode cavity and a cathode cavity, porous photo-thermal conversion materials are arranged in the anode cavity and the cathode cavity, the main body of the porous photo-thermal conversion materials is a porous framework, a plurality of mutually communicated pore channels are arranged in the main body, photo-thermal conversion layers are arranged on the outer surface of the porous framework and the surfaces of the inner pore channels, and the photo-thermal conversion layers can convert infrared light from a light condensing unit into heat energy; the shell of the electrolytic cell body is made of a light-transmitting material, and the light spots obtained by condensing the light by the light condensing unit irradiate on the porous photo-thermal conversion material through the shell of the electrolytic cell body.
Preferably, the spectrum frequency dividing unit adopts a spectrum frequency divider, the light condensing unit adopts a light condenser, and the porous photo-thermal conversion material is a porous photo-thermal conversion plate. The spectrum divider can be directly purchased from the market and is easy to obtain, and the spectrum divider capable of transmitting and reflecting different wavelength spectrums can be selected according to the types of photovoltaic cells. The size and shape of the condensing light spot of the condenser are adjustable, and the size of the condensing light spot of the condenser is equivalent to the size of the porous photo-thermal conversion material.
Preferably, the porous skeleton is made of foamed metal (such as foamed titanium, foamed nickel, etc.) or porous carbon material, and the material of the photo-thermal conversion layer is black titanium dioxide, carbon nanotube or activated carbon; the shell of the electrolytic cell body is made of polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate, and the light condensing unit adopts a Fresnel lens. The materials available in the market are many, and can be selected according to the needs.
Preferably, an anolyte inlet and an anolyte outlet are arranged on an anode chamber of the flow battery, the anolyte inlet is connected with an anolyte liquid storage tank through an anode liquid inlet pipe, and the anolyte outlet is connected with the anolyte liquid storage tank through an anode liquid outlet pipe; a catholyte inlet and a catholyte outlet are arranged on a cathode chamber of the flow battery, the catholyte inlet is connected with a catholyte reservoir through a catholyte inlet pipe, and the catholyte outlet is connected with the catholyte reservoir through a catholyte outlet pipe; the anode liquid inlet pipe and the cathode liquid inlet pipe are respectively provided with a circulating pump; the electrolytic cell body is internally provided with a separation membrane, an anode and a cathode, and the separation membrane separates the electrolytic cell body into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber.
Preferably, the photovoltaic cell comprises an anode port and a cathode port, the photovoltaic cell is one or a series system of several of a silicon-based solar cell, a III-V group laminated solar cell, a perovskite solar cell and a full-organic solar cell, the anode port is connected with an anode of the flow battery through a first lead, and the cathode port is connected with a cathode of the flow battery through a second lead.
Preferably, the photovoltaic cell is a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, and the spectrum frequency dividing unit adopts a spectrum frequency divider capable of transmitting ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrum below 1100nm and reflecting infrared spectrum above 1100 nm.
Preferably, the monocrystalline silicon solar cell comprises a toughened glass layer, an elastic protective layer, a monocrystalline silicon cell piece and a reflecting film which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the front surface of the monocrystalline silicon cell piece is provided with a positive electrode, and the back surface of the monocrystalline silicon cell piece is provided with a negative electrode. The reflecting film is used for reflecting light rays, and the purpose of the reflecting film is to utilize the light rays transmitted through the battery, so that the light loss is reduced.
Preferably, the toughened glass layer is a high-transmittance toughened glass layer, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are both gate electrodes, and the reflecting film is a composite reflecting film. These materials can be obtained from direct purchasing in the market and are easy to obtain.
Preferably, the positive electrode is welded with the positive electrode port of the battery and connected with the anode of the flow battery through a first lead, and the negative electrode is welded with the negative electrode port of the battery and connected with the cathode of the flow battery through a second lead.
The invention also provides a solar energy conversion and storage method based on photoelectric-photo-thermal combination solar energy full spectrum utilization, which adopts the flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photo-thermal combination, and comprises the following steps:
starting the flow battery, pumping an anolyte and a catholyte into an electrolytic tank body of the flow battery, communicating the photovoltaic battery with the flow battery after stable flow is formed in the flow battery, and storing solar energy in the flow battery in a chemical energy form after photoelectric-photo-thermal conversion;
Preferably, the inert gas is used to purge the interior of the flow battery for oxygen removal prior to pumping the electrolyte into the cell.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The operating temperature range of flow batteries on the one hand directly affects the solubility of the energy storage carrier (redox couple) and on the other hand also contributes to improving the mass transport and reaction kinetics properties of the electrochemically active material. The system solves the problem of extremely large spectrum loss in the process of solar energy conversion and storage by the photoelectrocatalysis flow battery from the source, integrates a porous photothermal conversion material into the flow battery, and a porous framework attached with a photothermal conversion layer can provide rich pore canal structures.
The system can directly use the existing photovoltaic cell to be connected with the flow battery, has simple structure and can be arranged in a large amount; the system has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient maintenance and the like, can improve the efficiency and the speed of converting light energy into chemical energy and storing the chemical energy on the basis of utilizing full-spectrum solar energy, and can be widely applied to the fields of construction of a distributed energy system and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal coupling according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the flow battery in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a porous photothermal conversion material in the flow battery of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the single crystal silicon solar cell in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photo-thermal combination shown in fig. 1-3 mainly comprises a spectrum frequency division unit 1, a photovoltaic cell 2, a flow battery 3 and a condensation unit 4, wherein the spectrum frequency division unit 1 is used for transmitting the spectrum of ultraviolet-visible light wave band of sunlight and reflecting the spectrum of infrared light wave band, the ultraviolet-visible light transmitted by the spectrum frequency division unit 1 directly irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic cell 2 for generating electricity, and the reflected infrared light is condensed by the condensation unit 4; the photovoltaic cell 2 is connected with the flow battery 3 through a wire or a conductive coating to drive oxidation-reduction reaction in the flow battery 3;
The flow battery 3 comprises an electrolytic cell body 25, an anolyte storage tank 5, a catholyte storage tank 6 and circulating pumps 7 and 8, wherein the electrolytic cell body 25 comprises an anode chamber 26 and a cathode chamber 32, porous photo-thermal conversion materials 13 and 14 are arranged in the anode chamber 26 and the cathode chamber 32, a porous framework 47 is arranged as a main body of the porous photo-thermal conversion materials 13 and 14, a plurality of mutually communicated pore channels 48 are arranged in the main body, photo-thermal conversion layers 46 are arranged on the outer surface of the porous framework 47 and the surfaces of the inner pore channels 48, and the photo-thermal conversion layers 46 can convert infrared light from the light condensing unit 4 into heat energy; the outer shell of the electrolytic cell body 25 is made of light-transmitting materials, and the light spots obtained by the light focusing of the light focusing unit 4 penetrate through the outer shell of the electrolytic cell body 25 and irradiate on the porous photo-thermal conversion materials 13 and 14.
In some embodiments, the spectral division unit 1 employs a spectral divider, the condensing unit 4 employs a condenser, and the porous photothermal conversion materials 13,14 are porous photothermal conversion plates.
In some embodiments, the porous skeleton 47 is made of foamed metal (such as foamed titanium, foamed nickel, etc.) or porous carbon material, and the material of the photo-thermal conversion layer 46 is black titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes or activated carbon; the material of the outer shell of the electrolytic cell body 25 is polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, an anolyte inlet 34 and an anolyte outlet 35 are disposed on the anode chamber 26 of the flow battery 3, the anolyte inlet 34 is connected with the anolyte reservoir 5 through an anolyte inlet pipe 9, and the anolyte outlet 35 is connected with the anolyte reservoir 5 through an anolyte outlet pipe 11; a catholyte inlet 36 and a catholyte outlet 37 are arranged on the cathode chamber 32 of the flow battery 3, the catholyte inlet 36 is connected with the catholyte reservoir 6 through a catholyte inlet pipe 10, and the catholyte outlet 37 is connected with the catholyte reservoir 6 through a catholyte outlet pipe 12; the anode liquid inlet pipe 9 and the cathode liquid inlet pipe 10 are respectively provided with a circulating pump 7 and 8; a separation membrane 29, an anode 28 and a cathode 30 are arranged in the electrolytic cell body 25, and the separation membrane 29 divides the electrolytic cell body 25 into an anode chamber 26 and a cathode chamber 32.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the photovoltaic cell 2 includes a positive electrode port 23 and a negative electrode port 24, and the photovoltaic cell 2 is a serial system of one or more of a silicon-based solar cell, a group III-V stacked solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, and an all-organic solar cell.
The transmission and reflection wavelengths of the spectrum divider are generally adjustable, and the spectrum divider can be determined according to the type of the selected photovoltaic cell in the invention. In the invention, since the monocrystalline silicon solar cell is a commercial cell with high stability and working efficiency, the photovoltaic cell 2 preferably adopts the monocrystalline silicon solar cell, and since the spectral response range of the monocrystalline silicon solar cell is within 1100nm, the selected spectrum divider can transmit ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrum below 1100nm and reflect infrared spectrum above 1100 nm. When the perovskite solar cell is adopted as the photovoltaic cell 2, the spectral response range of the perovskite solar cell is 300-800nm, and a spectrum divider capable of transmitting a spectrum below 800nm and reflecting a spectrum above 800nm is selected.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the photovoltaic cell 2 is a single-crystal silicon solar cell, and mainly consists of a tempered glass layer 17, an elastic protective layer 18, a single-crystal silicon cell 20 and a reflective film 22 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the front surface of the single-crystal silicon cell is provided with a positive electrode 19, and the back surface of the single-crystal silicon cell is provided with a negative electrode 21. Preferably, the toughened glass layer 17 is a high light transmittance toughened glass layer, the positive electrode 19 and the negative electrode 21 are both gate electrodes, and the reflective film 22 is a composite reflective film. Positive electrode 19 is welded to battery positive port 23 and connected to anode 28 of flow battery 3 via lead one 15, and negative electrode 21 is welded to battery negative port 24 and connected to cathode 30 of flow battery 3 via lead two 16.
In the redox flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal coupling of the present invention, the separation membrane 29 may be a material having both conductive ion transfer and redox couple permeation inhibition, such as an ion exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, or the like, and a porous membrane, and has a size larger than that of the anode chamber 26 and the cathode chamber 32 for separating the anolyte and the catholyte while ensuring ion transfer between the cathode and anode chambers. The materials of anode 28 and cathode 29 may be selected from activated carbon felt, which has both catalytic and current collecting effects. The porous photothermal conversion material 13, 14 is in the form of a block having a size slightly smaller than the anode chamber 26 and the cathode chamber 32. Anolyte and catholyte 3 are stored in anolyte reservoir 5 and catholyte reservoir 6, respectively, and pumped into anode chamber 26 and cathode chamber 32 by circulation pump 7 and circulation pump 8, respectively. The composition of the anolyte comprises a redox couple and a supporting electrolyte, wherein the redox couple can be AQDS/AQDSH 2、VO2+/VO2 + and the like, and the supporting electrolyte can be H 2SO4, HCl and the like; the composition of the catholyte includes a redox couple, which may be Br -/Br3 -、V2+/V3+, etc., and a supporting electrolyte, which may be H 2SO4, HCl, etc.
The porous skeleton 47 to which the photothermal conversion layer 46 is attached can provide a rich pore structure; when the infrared light reflected by the spectrum frequency division unit 1 irradiates the anode porous photo-thermal conversion material 13 through the condenser 4, the abundant pore canal structure can strengthen the transmission of the electrolyte to avoid the component non-uniformity, and the pore canal structure can serve as a light scattering point to strengthen the photo-thermal conversion, ensure the high-efficiency utilization of the spectrum energy and the temperature rise of a reaction system and promote the anodic oxidation reaction. The structure and function of the cathode porous photothermal conversion material 14 are identical to those of the anode porous photothermal conversion material 13. The condenser 4 can select a Fresnel lens, and the material is generally organic glass, so that the light-condensing lens has high transmittance, reduces spectrum loss and ensures that more infrared light irradiates the surface of the porous photothermal conversion material. The size and shape of the condensing light spot of the condenser are adjustable, and the size of the condensing light spot of the condenser is equivalent to the size of the porous photo-thermal conversion material.
The working flow of the invention is as follows: first, to suppress the influence of dissolved oxygen in the anolyte and catholyte and residual oxygen in the flow battery, the anolyte, catholyte, anolyte reservoir 5, catholyte reservoir 6, anode chamber 26 and cathode chamber 32 in flow battery 3 are purged with nitrogen or argon, respectively, for 15-30 minutes before the electrolyte is pumped into the flow battery. Subsequently, anolyte and catholyte are added to anolyte reservoir 5 and catholyte reservoir 6, respectively, and pumped into anode chamber 26 and cathode chamber 32 of flow battery 3 by circulation pump 7 and circulation pump 8, respectively, until a steady flow is established. Subsequently, the photovoltaic cell 2 and the flow battery 3 are connected. After the sunlight irradiates the spectrum frequency division unit 1, ultraviolet-visible-near infrared light irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic cell 2 through the sunlight frequency division system to generate photo-generated voltage and current; the near infrared light is reflected and then irradiated to the anode porous photo-thermal material 13 and the cathode porous photo-thermal material 14 through a condenser, and the temperature of the reaction system is increased through photo-thermal conversion. On one hand, the increase of the temperature of the reaction system is beneficial to enhancing the reaction kinetics, and the reaction rates of the anode side oxidation reaction and the cathode side reduction reaction are obviously improved, so that the high-efficiency storage of solar energy is facilitated; on the other hand, the increase of the temperature of the reaction system is also beneficial to improving the solubility of the redox couple, and at the moment, the solar energy storage capacity of the flow battery can be obviously increased; meanwhile, due to the adoption of the porous photo-thermal conversion material, the developed pore channel structure can strengthen the transmission of active species in the anolyte and the catholyte on one hand, reduce the energy loss caused by concentration polarization, and can serve as a light scattering point and reduce the light loss on the other hand. Under these beneficial effects, oxidation reaction occurs on the anode side and reduction reaction occurs on the cathode side in the flow battery 3, and solar energy is stored in the redox couple in the form of chemical energy after photoelectric-photothermal conversion.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by the concept of the present invention by the person skilled in the art shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (11)
1. A flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photo-thermal combination is characterized in that: the solar energy power generation device comprises a spectrum frequency division unit (1), a photovoltaic cell (2), a flow battery (3) and a light condensing unit (4), wherein the spectrum frequency division unit (1) is used for transmitting the spectrum of ultraviolet-visible light wave band of sunlight and reflecting the spectrum of infrared light wave band, the ultraviolet-visible light transmitted by the spectrum frequency division unit (1) directly irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic cell (2) to generate electricity, and the reflected infrared light is condensed by the light condensing unit (4); the photovoltaic cell (2) is connected with the flow battery (3) through a wire or a conductive coating to drive oxidation-reduction reaction in the flow battery (3);
The flow battery (3) comprises an electrolytic cell body (25), an anolyte storage tank (5), a catholyte storage tank (6) and circulating pumps (7, 8), wherein the electrolytic cell body (25) comprises an anode chamber (26) and a cathode chamber (32), porous photothermal conversion materials (13, 14) are arranged in the anode chamber (26) and the cathode chamber (32), a porous framework (47) is arranged in a main body of the porous photothermal conversion materials (13, 14), a plurality of mutually communicated pore channels (48) are arranged in the main body, photothermal conversion layers (46) are arranged on the outer surface of the porous framework (47) and the surfaces of the inner pore channels (48), and the photothermal conversion layers (46) can convert infrared light from a light-gathering unit (4) into heat energy; the shell of the electrolytic cell body (25) is made of a light-transmitting material, and light spots obtained by light condensation of the light condensation unit (4) irradiate on the porous photo-thermal conversion materials (13, 14) through the shell of the electrolytic cell body (25).
2. The flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal coupling according to claim 1, wherein: the spectrum frequency division unit (1) adopts a spectrum frequency divider, the light gathering unit (4) adopts a light condenser, and the porous photo-thermal conversion materials (13, 14) are porous photo-thermal conversion plates.
3. The flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal coupling according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the porous framework (47) is made of foam metal or porous carbon material, and the photo-thermal conversion layer (46) is made of black titanium dioxide, carbon nano tubes or activated carbon; the shell of the electrolytic cell body (25) is made of polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate, and the light condensing unit (4) adopts a Fresnel lens.
4. The flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal coupling according to claim 1, wherein: an anode electrolyte inlet (34) and an anode electrolyte outlet (35) are arranged on an anode chamber (26) of the flow battery (3), the anode electrolyte inlet (34) is connected with an anode electrolyte liquid storage tank (5) through an anode liquid inlet pipe (9), and the anode electrolyte outlet (35) is connected with the anode electrolyte liquid storage tank (5) through an anode liquid outlet pipe (11); a catholyte inlet (36) and a catholyte outlet (37) are arranged on a cathode chamber (32) of the flow battery (3), the catholyte inlet (36) is connected with a catholyte reservoir (6) through a catholyte inlet pipe (10), and the catholyte outlet (37) is connected with the catholyte reservoir (6) through a catholyte outlet pipe (12); the anode liquid inlet pipe (9) and the cathode liquid inlet pipe (10) are respectively provided with circulating pumps (7, 8); the electrolytic cell is characterized in that a separation membrane (29), an anode (28) and a cathode (30) are arranged in the electrolytic cell body (25), and the separation membrane (29) separates the electrolytic cell body (25) into an anode chamber (26) and a cathode chamber (32).
5. The flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal coupling according to claim 1, wherein: the photovoltaic cell (2) comprises an anode port (23) and a cathode port (24), the photovoltaic cell (2) is one or a series system of a plurality of silicon-based solar cells, III-V group laminated solar cells, perovskite solar cells and all-organic solar cells, the anode port (23) is connected with an anode (28) of the flow battery (3) through a first lead (15), and the cathode port (24) is connected with a cathode (30) of the flow battery (3) through a second lead (16).
6. The photovoltaic-photothermal combination-based flow battery energy storage system of claim 5, wherein: the photovoltaic cell (2) is a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, and the spectrum frequency dividing unit (1) adopts a spectrum frequency divider capable of transmitting ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrum below 1100nm and reflecting infrared spectrum above 1100 nm.
7. The flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal coupling according to claim 6, wherein: the monocrystalline silicon solar cell comprises a toughened glass layer (17), an elastic protective layer (18), a monocrystalline silicon cell piece (20) and a reflecting film (22) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the front surface of the monocrystalline silicon cell piece is provided with a positive electrode (19), and the back surface of the monocrystalline silicon cell piece is provided with a negative electrode (21).
8. The photovoltaic-photothermal combination-based flow battery energy storage system of claim 7, wherein: the toughened glass layer (17) is a high-light-transmittance toughened glass layer, the positive electrode (19) and the negative electrode (21) are gate electrodes, and the reflecting film (22) is a composite reflecting film.
9. The flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal coupling according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: the positive electrode (19) is welded with a battery positive electrode port (23) and is connected with an anode (28) of the flow battery (3) through a first lead (15), and the negative electrode (21) is welded with a battery negative electrode port (24) and is connected with a cathode (30) of the flow battery (3) through a second lead (16).
10. A solar energy conversion and storage method based on full spectrum utilization of solar energy by photoelectric-photo-thermal combination, characterized in that the flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photo-thermal combination as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, comprising the following steps:
Starting the flow battery (3), pumping anolyte and catholyte into an electrolytic tank body (25) of the flow battery (3), communicating the photovoltaic battery (2) and the flow battery (3) after stable flow is formed in the flow battery (3), and storing solar energy in the flow battery (3) in a chemical energy form after photoelectric-photo-thermal conversion.
11. The solar energy conversion and storage method based on full spectrum utilization of solar energy by photoelectric-photothermal combination as defined in claim 10, wherein: before electrolyte is pumped into the electrolytic tank body (25), inert gas is utilized to purge and deoxidize the inside of the flow battery (3).
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