CN112865701A - Flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal combination - Google Patents
Flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal combination Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal combination, which comprises a spectrum frequency division unit, a photovoltaic battery, a flow battery and a light condensation unit, wherein ultraviolet-visible light transmitted by the spectrum frequency division unit directly irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic battery to generate electricity, and reflected infrared light is condensed by the light condensation unit; the photovoltaic cell is connected with the flow battery through a lead or a conductive coating to drive the redox reaction in the flow battery; the flow cell comprises an electrolytic cell body, an anolyte storage tank, a catholyte storage tank and a circulating pump, wherein porous photothermal conversion materials are arranged in an anode cavity and a cathode cavity, a main body of the porous photothermal conversion material is a porous framework, a plurality of mutually communicated pore channels are arranged in the main body, and photothermal conversion layers are arranged on the outer surface of the porous framework and the inner pore channels; the shell of the electrolytic cell body is made of light-transmitting materials, and light spots obtained by the light-gathering unit penetrate through the shell of the electrolytic cell body and irradiate on the porous photothermal conversion materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flow battery energy storage system, in particular to a flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal combination.
Background
As an inexhaustible renewable resource, the efficient utilization of solar energy is one of the important ways to reduce fossil energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. At present, common utilization modes of solar energy include photoelectric conversion, photothermal conversion and the like. However, due to the intermittency and fluctuation of solar energy, the instability of energy output is directly caused, and the industrial development of the solar energy is limited. Therefore, it is important to develop a safe, reliable, inexpensive and low-pollution solar energy conversion and storage technology.
At present, the conversion and storage modes of solar energy mainly comprise: 1) the solar energy is converted into fuel for storage, and the common form is hydrogen production by photolysis of water and photocatalytic reduction of CO2Etc.; 2) the solar energy is converted to chemical energy for storage, and the common form comprises a photoelectrocatalytic flow battery. Among them, based on the photoelectrocatalysis flow battery, that is, the light energy is stored in the form of Chemical energy in the oxidation-reduction couple by the solar energy driving mode, and because the storage and release of the solar energy are realized by the oxidation-reduction couple with different valence states, the solar energy conversion and storage [ LiW, Jin S.Accounts of Chemical Research,2020,53: 2611-2621-]. Therefore, the solar energy conversion-storage utilization technology is considered as a potential solar energy efficient conversion-storage utilization technology.
The photoelectrocatalysis flow battery has two modes of photoelectrode driving and solar battery driving. Solar energy is converted into electric energy through a photoelectrode [ Feng H, Jiano XH, ChenR, et al. journal of Power Sources,2018,404:1-6] or a solar cell [ Li WJ, Fu HC, ZHao YZ, et al. chem,2018,4: 2644-. However, in the process of driving the oxidation-reduction reaction, the valence band of the materials used for preparing the photoelectrode and the solar cell needs to be more positive than the anode oxidation reaction potential, and the position of the conduction band needs to be more negative than the cathode reduction reaction potential, so that in the two modes, only the spectrum of the ultraviolet-visible light band and part of the near infrared light band can be utilized, but most of the near infrared-infrared band solar energy is not available, and the efficient storage and utilization of the solar energy are greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a flow battery energy storage system based on photoelectric-photothermal combination, which mainly drives the solar energy conversion and storage based on a flow battery in a combined mode of photoelectric conversion and photothermal conversion to realize full spectrum and high efficiency utilization of solar energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal combination comprises a spectrum frequency division unit, a photovoltaic battery, a flow battery and a light condensation unit, wherein the spectrum frequency division unit is used for transmitting the spectrum of the ultraviolet-visible light wave band of sunlight and reflecting the spectrum of the infrared light wave band, the ultraviolet-visible light transmitted by the spectrum frequency division unit directly irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic battery to generate electricity, and the reflected infrared light is condensed by the light condensation unit; the photovoltaic cell is connected with the flow battery through a lead or a conductive coating to drive the redox reaction in the flow battery;
the flow cell comprises an electrolytic cell body, an anolyte liquid storage tank, a catholyte liquid storage tank and a circulating pump, wherein the electrolytic cell body comprises an anode cavity and a cathode cavity, porous photothermal conversion materials are arranged in the anode cavity and the cathode cavity, a main body of the porous photothermal conversion materials is a porous framework, a plurality of mutually communicated pore channels are arranged in the main body, photothermal conversion layers are arranged on the outer surface of the porous framework and the surfaces of the inner pore channels, and the photothermal conversion layers can convert infrared light from a light gathering unit into heat energy; the shell of the electrolytic cell body is made of a light-transmitting material, and light spots obtained by light condensation of the light-condensing unit penetrate through the shell of the electrolytic cell body and irradiate on the porous photothermal conversion material.
Preferably, the spectrum frequency dividing unit adopts a spectrum frequency divider, the light condensing unit adopts a light condenser, and the porous photothermal conversion material is a porous photothermal conversion plate. The spectrum frequency divider can be directly purchased from the market, is easy to obtain, and can transmit and reflect different wavelength spectrums according to the types of the photovoltaic cells. The size and the shape of the light condensing spot of the light condenser can be adjusted, and the size of the light condensing spot of the light condenser is equivalent to the size of the porous photothermal conversion material.
Preferably, the material of the porous framework is a foamed metal (such as foamed titanium, foamed nickel and the like) or a porous carbon material, and the material of the photothermal conversion layer is black titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes or activated carbon; the shell of the electrolytic cell body is made of polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate, and the light condensing unit adopts a Fresnel lens. The selectable materials on the market are many, and can be selected according to different needs.
Preferably, an anolyte inlet and an anolyte outlet are arranged on an anode cavity of the flow battery, the anolyte inlet is connected with the anolyte storage tank through an anode liquid inlet pipe, and the anolyte outlet is connected with the anolyte storage tank through an anode liquid outlet pipe; a cathode electrolyte inlet and a cathode electrolyte outlet are arranged on a cathode chamber of the flow battery, the cathode electrolyte inlet is connected with a cathode electrolyte storage tank through a cathode liquid inlet pipe, and the cathode electrolyte outlet is connected with the cathode electrolyte storage tank through a cathode liquid outlet pipe; circulating pumps are arranged on the anode liquid inlet pipe and the cathode liquid inlet pipe; the electrolytic cell comprises an electrolytic cell body, and is characterized in that a separation membrane, an anode and a cathode are arranged in the electrolytic cell body, and the separation membrane divides the electrolytic cell body into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber.
Preferably, the photovoltaic cell comprises a positive electrode port and a negative electrode port, the photovoltaic cell is a series system of one or more of a silicon-based solar cell, a III-V group laminated solar cell, a perovskite solar cell and an all-organic solar cell, the positive electrode port is connected with the anode of the flow battery through a lead, and the negative electrode port is connected with the cathode of the flow battery through a lead.
Preferably, the photovoltaic cell is a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, and the spectrum frequency dividing unit adopts a spectrum frequency divider which can transmit ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrum below 1100nm and reflect infrared spectrum above 1100 nm.
Preferably, the monocrystalline silicon solar cell comprises a toughened glass layer, an elastic protection layer, a monocrystalline silicon cell piece and a reflection film which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein a positive electrode is arranged on the front surface of the monocrystalline silicon cell piece, and a negative electrode is arranged on the back surface of the monocrystalline silicon cell piece. The reflecting film is used for reflecting light, and aims to utilize the light penetrating through the battery and reduce light loss.
Preferably, the tempered glass layer is a high-light-transmission tempered glass layer, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are both gate electrodes, and the reflecting film is a composite reflecting film. These materials are readily available from commercial sources as they are directly available.
Preferably, the positive electrode is welded to the positive port of the battery and connected to the anode of the flow battery by a wire, and the negative electrode is welded to the negative port of the battery and connected to the cathode of the flow battery by a wire.
The invention also provides a solar energy conversion and storage method based on photovoltaic-photothermal combined solar full spectrum utilization, which adopts any one of the above-mentioned flow battery energy storage systems based on photovoltaic-photothermal combined, and comprises the following steps:
starting the flow battery, pumping the anolyte and the catholyte into an electrolytic cell tank body of the flow battery, communicating the photovoltaic cell and the flow battery after stable flow is formed in the flow battery, and storing solar energy in the flow battery in a chemical energy form after photoelectric-photothermal conversion;
preferably, before the electrolyte is pumped into the electrolytic cell body, the interior of the flow battery is purged by using inert gas to remove oxygen.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the operating temperature range of a flow battery directly influences the solubility of the energy storage carriers (redox couple) on the one hand and also contributes to the improvement of the mass transport and reaction kinetics of the electrochemically active substances on the other hand. The system solves the problem of great spectral loss of the photoelectrocatalysis flow battery in the process of solar energy conversion and storage from the source, integrates the porous photothermal conversion material into the flow battery, can provide rich pore channel structures by the porous framework attached with the photothermal conversion layer, when the reflected infrared light is converged into light spots with certain sizes by the condenser and irradiates the porous photothermal conversion material to realize high-efficiency photothermal conversion, the rich pore channel structure can strengthen the transmission of the electrolyte on one hand so as to avoid the nonuniformity of the components, in addition, the pore structure can be used as a light scattering point, the photo-thermal conversion is enhanced, the efficient utilization of spectral energy is ensured, the temperature of a reaction system of the flow battery is increased, the transmission of electrolyte is promoted, the reaction dynamics is improved, and the energy storage capacity is improved at the same time, and further, efficient solar energy conversion and storage are guaranteed, and a new idea is provided for full-spectrum utilization of solar energy.
The system can be directly connected with the flow battery by using the existing photovoltaic cell, has a simple structure and can be arranged in a large number; the system has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in maintenance and the like, can improve the efficiency and the speed of converting light energy into chemical energy and storing the chemical energy on the basis of utilizing full-spectrum solar energy, and can be widely applied to the fields of construction of a distributed energy system and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal combination of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow battery of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the porous photothermal conversion material in the flow cell of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the single crystalline silicon solar cell of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereby. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the flow cell energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal combination mainly comprises a spectrum frequency dividing unit 1, a photovoltaic cell 2, a flow cell 3 and a light condensing unit 4, wherein the spectrum frequency dividing unit 1 is used for transmitting a spectrum of an ultraviolet-visible light band of sunlight and reflecting a spectrum of an infrared light band, the ultraviolet-visible light transmitted by the spectrum frequency dividing unit 1 directly irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic cell 2 to generate electricity, and the reflected infrared light is condensed by the light condensing unit 4; the photovoltaic cell 2 is connected with the flow battery 3 through a lead or a conductive coating to drive the redox reaction in the flow battery 3;
the flow cell 3 comprises an electrolytic cell body 25, an anolyte storage tank 5, a catholyte storage tank 6 and circulating pumps 7 and 8, wherein the electrolytic cell body 25 comprises an anode chamber 26 and a cathode chamber 32, porous photothermal conversion materials 13 and 14 are respectively arranged in the anode chamber 26 and the cathode chamber 32, the main bodies of the porous photothermal conversion materials 13 and 14 are porous frameworks 47, a plurality of mutually communicated pore channels 48 are arranged in the main bodies, photothermal conversion layers 46 are respectively arranged on the outer surfaces of the porous frameworks 47 and the surfaces of the internal pore channels 48, and the photothermal conversion layers 46 can convert infrared light from the light gathering unit 4 into heat energy; the shell of the electrolytic cell body 25 is made of a light-transmitting material, and light spots obtained by light condensation by the light-condensing unit 4 penetrate through the shell of the electrolytic cell body 25 and irradiate on the porous photothermal conversion materials 13 and 14.
In some embodiments, the spectral frequency dividing unit 1 employs a spectral frequency divider, the light condensing unit 4 employs a light condenser, and the porous photothermal conversion materials 13,14 are porous photothermal conversion plates.
In some embodiments, the material of the porous framework 47 is a foamed metal (such as titanium foam, nickel foam, etc.) or a porous carbon material, and the material of the photothermal conversion layer 46 is black titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, or activated carbon; the shell of the electrolytic cell body 25 is made of polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the anode chamber 26 of the flow battery 3 is provided with an anolyte inlet 34 and an anolyte outlet 35, the anolyte inlet 34 is connected to the anolyte tank 5 through the anolyte inlet pipe 9, and the anolyte outlet 35 is connected to the anolyte tank 5 through the anolyte outlet pipe 11; a cathode cavity 32 of the flow cell 3 is provided with a cathode electrolyte inlet 36 and a cathode electrolyte outlet 37, the cathode electrolyte inlet 36 is connected with the cathode electrolyte storage tank 6 through a cathode liquid inlet pipe 10, and the cathode electrolyte outlet 36 is connected with the cathode electrolyte storage tank 6 through a cathode liquid outlet pipe 12; the anode liquid inlet pipe 9 and the cathode liquid inlet pipe 10 are both provided with circulating pumps 7 and 8; a separation membrane 29, an anode 28 and a cathode 30 are arranged in the electrolytic cell body 25, the separation membrane 29 dividing the electrolytic cell body 25 into an anode chamber 26 and a cathode chamber 32.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the photovoltaic cell 2 comprises a positive port 23 and a negative port 24, the photovoltaic cell 2 being one of a silicon based solar cell, a group III-V tandem solar cell, a perovskite solar cell, an all organic solar cell or a tandem system of several cells.
The transmission and reflection wavelengths of the spectral divider are generally adjustable, and the spectral divider can be determined according to the type of the selected photovoltaic cell in the invention. In the present invention, since the single crystalline silicon solar cell is a commercial one, and has high stability and operation efficiency, the photovoltaic cell 2 is preferably a single crystalline silicon solar cell, and since the spectral response range of the single crystalline silicon solar cell is within 1100nm, the selected spectral frequency divider can transmit ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrum below 1100nm and reflect infrared spectrum above 1100 nm. When the photovoltaic cell 2 is a perovskite solar cell, the spectral response range of the perovskite solar cell is generally 300-800nm, and a spectral frequency divider capable of transmitting a spectrum below 800nm and reflecting a spectrum above 800nm is selected.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the photovoltaic cell 2 is a single crystal silicon solar cell, which is mainly composed of a tempered glass layer 17, an elastic protection layer 18, a single crystal silicon cell sheet 20 and a reflection film 22, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the front surface of the single crystal silicon cell sheet is provided with a positive electrode 19, and the back surface is provided with a negative electrode 21. Preferably, the tempered glass layer 17 is a high-transmittance tempered glass layer, the positive electrode 19 and the negative electrode 21 are both gate electrodes, and the reflective film 22 is a composite reflective film. Positive electrode 19 is welded to battery positive port 23 and connected to anode 28 of flow battery 3 by lead 15, and negative electrode 21 is welded to battery negative port 24 and connected to cathode 30 of flow battery 3 by lead 16.
In the flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal combination of the present invention, the material of the separation membrane 29 can be an ion exchange membrane such as a proton exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane, and the like, and a porous membrane and the like, which have both conductive ion transfer and oxidation-reduction pair permeation inhibition, and the size of the separation membrane is larger than that of the anode chamber 26 and the cathode chamber 32, and the separation membrane is used for separating the anolyte and the catholyte, and simultaneously ensuring the ion transfer between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber. The anode 28 and cathode 29 materials may alternatively be made of activated carbon felt, which serves both catalytic and current collecting functions. The porous photothermal conversion materials 13,14 are in the form of blocks having a size slightly smaller than the anode chamber 26 and the cathode chamber 32. The anolyte and catholyte 3 are stored in an anolyte reservoir 5 and a catholyte reservoir 6, respectively, and pumped by a circulation pump 7 and a circulation pump 8, respectively, into the anode chamber 26 and the cathode chamber 32. The anolyte solution comprises redox couple (AQDS/AQDSH) and supporting electrolyte2、VO2+/VO2 +Etc., the supporting electrolyte may be H2SO4HCl, etc.; the composition of the catholyte includes a redox couple, which may be Br, and a supporting electrolyte-/Br3 -、V2+/V3+Etc., the supporting electrolyte may be H2SO4HCl, etc.
The porous skeleton 47 to which the photothermal conversion layer 46 is attached can provide a rich pore structure; when infrared light obtained by reflection of the spectrum frequency division unit 1 irradiates the anode porous photothermal conversion material 13 through the condenser 4, the rich pore structure can strengthen the transmission of the electrolyte on one hand to avoid component nonuniformity, and in addition, the pore structure can also be used as a light scattering point to strengthen photothermal conversion, ensure the efficient utilization of spectrum energy and the improvement of the temperature of a reaction system, and promote the anodic oxidation reaction. The structure and function of the cathode porous photothermal conversion material 14 are the same as those of the anode porous photothermal conversion material 13. The condenser 4 can select a Fresnel lens, the material is generally selected from organic glass materials, the transmittance is high, the spectral loss is reduced, and more infrared light is ensured to irradiate the surface of the porous photothermal conversion material. The size and the shape of the light condensing spot of the light condenser can be adjusted, and the size of the light condensing spot of the light condenser is equivalent to the size of the porous photothermal conversion material.
The working process of the invention is as follows: first, to suppress the effects of dissolved oxygen in the anolyte and catholyte and residual oxygen in the flow cell, the anolyte, catholyte, anolyte reservoir 5, catholyte reservoir 6, anode chamber 26 and cathode chamber 32 in the flow cell 3 are purged with nitrogen or argon, respectively, for 15-30 minutes prior to pumping the electrolyte into the flow cell. Subsequently, the anolyte and catholyte are added to the anolyte reservoir 5 and catholyte reservoir 6, respectively, and are pumped into the anode chamber 26 and cathode chamber 32 of the flow cell 3 by the circulation pump 7 and circulation pump 8, respectively, until a steady flow is established. Subsequently, the photovoltaic cell 2 and the flow cell 3 are connected. When sunlight irradiates the spectrum frequency division unit 1, ultraviolet-visible-near infrared light penetrates through the sunlight frequency division system to irradiate the surface of the photovoltaic cell 2, and a photo-generated voltage and current are generated; after the near infrared-infrared light is reflected, the near infrared-infrared light irradiates the anode porous photothermal material 13 and the cathode porous photothermal material 14 through a condenser, and the temperature of the reaction system is increased through photothermal conversion. On one hand, the reaction kinetics are enhanced due to the fact that the temperature of the reaction system is increased, and the reaction rates of the anode side oxidation reaction and the cathode side reduction reaction are obviously improved, so that the high-efficiency storage of solar energy is facilitated; on the other hand, the temperature of the reaction system is also beneficial to improving the solubility of the redox couple, and at the moment, the solar energy storage capacity of the flow battery is obviously increased; meanwhile, due to the adoption of the porous photothermal conversion material, the developed pore structure can strengthen the transmission of active species in the anolyte and the catholyte and reduce the energy loss caused by concentration polarization on one hand, and can also be used as a light scattering point and reduce the light loss on the other hand. Under the beneficial effects, oxidation reaction occurs on the anode side and reduction reaction occurs on the cathode side in the flow cell 3, and solar energy is stored in the redox couple in the form of chemical energy after photoelectric-photothermal conversion.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art from the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal combination is characterized in that: the solar energy collecting device comprises a spectrum frequency dividing unit (1), a photovoltaic cell (2), a flow battery (3) and a light condensing unit (4), wherein the spectrum frequency dividing unit (1) is used for transmitting a spectrum of an ultraviolet-visible light waveband of sunlight and reflecting a spectrum of an infrared light waveband, the ultraviolet-visible light transmitted by the spectrum frequency dividing unit (1) directly irradiates the surface of the photovoltaic cell (2) to generate electricity, and the reflected infrared light is condensed by the light condensing unit (4); the photovoltaic cell (2) is connected with the flow battery (3) through a lead or a conductive coating to drive the redox reaction in the flow battery (3);
the flow cell (3) comprises an electrolytic cell body (25), an anolyte liquid storage tank (5), a catholyte liquid storage tank (6) and circulating pumps (7,8), wherein the electrolytic cell body (25) comprises an anode chamber (26) and a cathode chamber (32), porous photothermal conversion materials (13,14) are arranged in the anode chamber (26) and the cathode chamber (32), a main body of the porous photothermal conversion materials (13,14) is a porous framework (47), a plurality of mutually communicated pore channels (48) are arranged in the main body, photothermal conversion layers (46) are arranged on the outer surface of the porous framework (47) and the surface of the internal pore channel (48), and the photothermal conversion layers (46) can convert infrared light from the photothermal unit (4) into heat energy; the shell of the electrolytic cell body (25) is made of a light-transmitting material, and light spots obtained by light condensation of the light condensation unit (4) penetrate through the shell of the electrolytic cell body (25) and irradiate on the porous photothermal conversion materials (13, 14).
2. The flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal coupling of claim 1, wherein: the spectrum frequency division unit (1) adopts a spectrum frequency divider, the light condensation unit (4) adopts a light condenser, and the porous photothermal conversion materials (13,14) are porous photothermal conversion plates.
3. The flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal combination according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the porous framework (47) is made of foam metal or porous carbon material, and the photothermal conversion layer (46) is made of black titanium dioxide, carbon nano tubes or activated carbon; the shell of the electrolytic cell body (25) is made of polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate, and the light gathering unit (4) adopts a Fresnel lens.
4. The flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal coupling of claim 1, wherein: an anode cavity (26) of the flow battery (3) is provided with an anolyte inlet (34) and an anolyte outlet (35), the anolyte inlet (34) is connected with the anolyte storage tank (5) through an anode liquid inlet pipe (9), and the anolyte outlet (35) is connected with the anolyte storage tank (5) through an anode liquid outlet pipe (11); a cathode cavity (32) of the flow cell (3) is provided with a cathode electrolyte inlet (36) and a cathode electrolyte outlet (37), the cathode electrolyte inlet (36) is connected with the cathode electrolyte storage tank (6) through a cathode liquid inlet pipe (10), and the cathode electrolyte outlet (36) is connected with the cathode electrolyte storage tank (6) through a cathode liquid outlet pipe (12); the anode liquid inlet pipe (9) and the cathode liquid inlet pipe (10) are both provided with circulating pumps (7, 8); a separation membrane (29), an anode (28) and a cathode (30) are arranged in the electrolytic cell body (25), and the electrolytic cell body (25) is divided into an anode chamber (26) and a cathode chamber (32) by the separation membrane (29).
5. The flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal coupling of claim 1, wherein: the photovoltaic cell (2) comprises a positive electrode port (23) and a negative electrode port (24), the photovoltaic cell (2) is a series system of one or more of a silicon-based solar cell, a III-V group laminated solar cell, a perovskite solar cell and an all-organic solar cell, the positive electrode port (23) is connected with an anode (28) of the flow battery (3) through a lead (15), and the negative electrode port (24) is connected with a cathode (30) of the flow battery (3) through a lead (16).
6. The flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal coupling of claim 5, wherein: the photovoltaic cell (2) is a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, and the spectrum frequency division unit (1) adopts a spectrum frequency divider which can transmit ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrum below 1100nm and reflect infrared spectrum above 1100 nm.
7. The flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal coupling of claim 6, wherein: the monocrystalline silicon solar cell comprises a toughened glass layer (17), an elastic protection layer (18), a monocrystalline silicon cell piece (20) and a reflection film (22) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein a positive electrode (19) is arranged on the front side of the monocrystalline silicon cell piece, and a negative electrode (21) is arranged on the back side of the monocrystalline silicon cell piece.
8. The flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal coupling of claim 7, wherein: the toughened glass layer (17) is a high-light-transmission toughened glass layer, the positive electrode (19) and the negative electrode (21) are both gate electrodes, and the reflecting film (22) is a composite reflecting film.
9. The flow battery energy storage system based on photovoltaic-photothermal combination according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: the positive electrode (19) is welded with a battery positive electrode port (23) and is connected with an anode (28) of the flow battery (3) through a lead (15), and the negative electrode (21) is welded with a battery negative electrode port (24) and is connected with a cathode (30) of the flow battery (3) through a lead (16).
10. A solar energy conversion and storage method based on photovoltaic-photothermal combined solar full spectrum utilization, wherein the photovoltaic-photothermal combined liquid flow battery energy storage system of any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, comprising the following steps:
starting the flow cell (3), pumping the anolyte and the catholyte into an electrolytic cell groove body (25) of the flow cell (3), communicating the photovoltaic cell (2) and the flow cell (3) after stable flow is formed in the flow cell (3), and storing solar energy in the flow cell (3) in a chemical energy form after photoelectric-photothermal conversion;
preferably, before the electrolyte is pumped into the electrolytic cell body (25), the interior of the flow battery (3) is purged by inert gas to remove oxygen.
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