CN112865018B - Method for protecting multi-end convergence transformer of energy storage power station - Google Patents
Method for protecting multi-end convergence transformer of energy storage power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN112865018B CN112865018B CN202110023254.5A CN202110023254A CN112865018B CN 112865018 B CN112865018 B CN 112865018B CN 202110023254 A CN202110023254 A CN 202110023254A CN 112865018 B CN112865018 B CN 112865018B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for transformers
- H02H7/045—Differential protection of transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for protecting a multi-end confluence transformer of an energy storage power station, wherein the confluence transformer of the energy storage power station has the characteristics of multi-end and bidirectional tide, and the method for protecting the multi-end confluence transformer of the energy storage power station is provided by the invention aiming at the relay protection requirement and comprises the following steps: (1) a full current differential protection method with hysteresis braking characteristic; (2) the incomplete current differential protection method aims at the current blocking of each converter branch circuit at the low-voltage side of the multi-terminal bus transformer. The method can effectively deal with the faults possibly occurring on the bus transformer in the energy storage unit ring and the current converter branches at the low-voltage side of the bus transformer, so that when the faults occur, the fault part can be selectively tripped, and the normal operation of the non-fault part is ensured. Meanwhile, the configuration method can reduce unnecessary voltage transformer setting, the current transformer is convenient to select, the protection system is simple in wiring, and the construction and operation cost of the energy storage power station can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for protecting a multi-end convergence transformer of an energy storage power station, and belongs to the field of relay protection of power systems.
Background
Since the "second industrial revolution" of the nineteenth century, humans have entered the electrical era. The proportion of electric power in terminal energy consumption is increasing with the lapse of time, and according to the world energy development report (2019), the proportion of electric power in terminal energy consumption in China by 2050 is increasing from 21% to 47%.
Meanwhile, along with the pressure of environmental protection and the promise of China to achieve carbon neutralization by 2030 and 2060 in China about the China's effort to make the carbon emission reach the peak in China, the proportion of new energy power generation in China is also continuously increasing. Taking the installed capacity of onshore wind power as an example, the installed capacity of onshore wind power in 2050 in China is expected to increase from 4.5 hundred million kW to 10.2 hundred million kW in 2030.
However, unlike the stability and reliability of the conventional energy power generation, the new energy power generation has randomness and uncontrollable property, and the grid connection of the new energy power generation brings great challenges to the normal operation of a power system and the guarantee of the power supply quality.
The energy storage technology is an important technology which can smooth the power generation output of new energy and meet the application requirements of power grid such as 'peak clipping and valley filling', frequency modulation and black start, and is widely applied all over the country at present. In 2011, the Zhang North China wind and solar energy storage and transportation demonstration project of 14MW and Shenzhen Baoqing energy storage power station of 10MW is built up for operation. By 12 months end in 2018, the national operation electrochemical energy storage project accumulation installation reaches 1011.5MW, and the annual growth rate is 159%. Along with the large-scale operation and the operation of the large-scale energy storage power station, the relay protection of the original energy storage power station has certain defects, the existing requirements cannot be met, the relay protection cannot be guaranteed to selectively remove faults when the faults occur, the energy storage power station cannot achieve smooth new energy power generation output, and the aims of the requirements of peak clipping, valley filling, frequency modulation, black start and the like of a power grid are met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for protecting a multi-end convergence transformer of an energy storage power station, so that the energy storage power station can realize smooth new energy power generation output.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for protecting a multi-end convergence transformer of an energy storage power station, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a main protection method; the main protection method comprises a full current differential protection method with hysteresis braking characteristics and an incomplete current differential protection method with current blocking; the full current differential protection method with hysteresis braking characteristic is used for avoiding frequent startup of transformer differential protection caused by charge-discharge mode conversion.
Further, the full current differential protection method with hysteresis braking characteristics comprises the following steps: when low current is sampled, different braking characteristics are adopted in the positive direction and the negative direction, but the positive direction and the negative direction have certain symmetry; the positive direction is a charging state, and the negative direction is a discharging state; and the reference direction is continuous, i.e. the change in direction is relative, not absolute, when the energy storage plant is switched between the two states of charging and discharging.
Furthermore, the incomplete current differential protection method with current blocking comprises the steps of arranging circuit breakers on four low-voltage sides, setting a blocking current value as the maximum current value of the current converter, and arranging current transformers and corresponding differential protection on the four low-voltage sides.
Further, the incomplete current differential protection method with current blocking further comprises:
when the transformer normally operates, the four current converters on the low-voltage side of the confluence transformer have the same current direction and the same magnitude, and the corresponding differential current value is zero, so that the protection does not act; when short-circuit fault occurs in the area, the maximum current of the current converter is used as a differential constant value; if the current flowing through the current transformer at the low-voltage side of the bus transformer is less than or equal to the maximum rated current of the converter, the protection is locked and does not trip.
Further, the incomplete current differential protection method with current blocking further comprises: and setting the maximum current of the converter to be 1.5 times of rated current.
Further, for the incomplete current differential protection method with current blocking, a voting strategy is adopted for carrying out selection tripping; the method for selecting hops by adopting voting strategy specifically comprises the following steps: when the current directions in the four branches of the low-voltage end of the confluence transformer are consistent and the sum of the current vector values in each branch of the low-voltage end of the confluence transformer is greater than 4 times of the maximum current value of the current converter, a voting type trip selection mechanism is used for determining that a fault occurs in a protection area, and then 4 circuit breakers acting on the branches of the low-voltage side of the confluence transformer or circuit breakers on the high-voltage side of the confluence transformer are tripped for protection, so that each fault energy storage unit is isolated.
Further, the method for selecting hops by using a voting strategy specifically further includes: when the four converters are put into operation and the low-voltage side corresponding to one converter is short-circuited, the current direction of the side is opposite to that of the other three converters, namely the branch ratio of the two opposite current directions is 1:3, namely a fault is determined to occur outside a protection area, and the branch circuit breaker is protected to trip by a voting type tripping mechanism.
Further, the method for selecting hops by using a voting strategy specifically further includes: when the four converters are all put into operation, and the low-voltage sides corresponding to the two converters are in short circuit, namely the branch ratio of the two opposite current directions is 1:1, the voting type trip selection mechanism is quitted, and the scheme of total trip is adopted.
Further, the method for selecting hops by using a voting strategy specifically further includes: when the four converters are all put into operation, the low-voltage sides corresponding to the three converters are in short circuit, namely the branch ratio of the two opposite current directions is 3:1, the voting type tripping mechanism is used for tripping the branch with the branch ratio of 1, and then the other three branches are tripped, so that the fault energy storage unit is isolated.
Further, the transformer protection method further includes: in addition, the high-voltage side of the bus transformer is provided with conventional overcurrent quick-break/time-delay protection to act with a certain time delay as backup protection when the main protection cannot act correctly.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. aiming at the main protection aspect of the bus transformer with the bidirectional power flow characteristic, the introduced full current differential protection with the hysteresis braking characteristic can avoid the frequent starting of the differential protection of the transformer, namely avoid the jitter characteristic of the differential protection at a low current value sampling value. When low current is sampled, different braking characteristics are adopted in the positive direction and the negative direction, but certain symmetry is achieved, and misoperation of the differential protection when the low sampling value is adopted is prevented. In addition, the method simplifies the design of directional elements, does not need a voltage transformer, is beneficial to the processing of computer programs, and can effectively reduce the construction and operation cost of the energy storage power station.
2. The incomplete current differential protection method with current lock provided by the invention aims at the main protection of the confluence transformer, only the current transformers and the corresponding differential protection need to be arranged on four low-voltage sides, the current transformers are convenient to select, the matching problem does not exist, the current transformers do not need to be matched with the high-voltage side current, and the protection system is simple and convenient to wire.
3. The protection method provided by the invention can accurately isolate the failed energy storage unit, ensure the normal operation of the non-failed energy storage unit, ensure that the energy storage power station can realize smooth new energy power generation output, and meet the aims of 'peak clipping and valley filling', frequency modulation, black start and the like of a power grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical main wiring configuration for a large-scale energy storage power plant;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a typical main wiring structure of an energy storage unit ring of a large-scale energy storage power station;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a main wiring structure of a single energy storage unit of a large-scale energy storage power station;
fig. 4 is a full current differential protection relay braking characteristic with hysteresis braking characteristic.
Detailed Description
The present invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a typical main wiring structure of a large-scale energy storage power station is schematically shown, and exchange power of 6 energy storage unit rings is collected by a bus, wherein only the first 4 energy storage unit rings of lithium iron phosphate batteries are discussed herein; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main connection structure of a typical lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage unit ring of a large-scale energy storage power station, in which a bus collects the exchange power of 5 identical energy storage units, and a relay protection method with selective cutting is provided for protection requirements, including a full current differential protection with hysteresis braking characteristics and an incomplete current differential protection with current blocking as main protection, and a conventional overcurrent quick-break/delay protection as backup protection. The incomplete current differential protection and the full current differential protection are jointly used as main protection of the multi-end bus transformer, and the method is a protection method. The conventional overcurrent quick-break/delay protection is backup protection, for example, the main protection can not act, and the backup protection acts with certain delay.
The bus transformer has the characteristic of bidirectional tide, and provides full current differential protection with hysteresis braking characteristic aiming at main protection. Full current differential protection is introduced for a multi-end bus transformer of an energy storage power station, and the full current differential protection has hysteresis braking characteristics. As shown in fig. 4, a certain hysteresis braking characteristic is introduced, so that the phenomenon that the differential protection of the transformer is frequently started due to the fact that the current in the confluence transformer passes through near a zero value for multiple times due to external load fluctuation is avoided, and the jitter characteristic of the differential protection at a low current value sampling value is avoided.
As shown in fig. 4, the differential protection relay with hysteresis braking characteristic adopts different braking characteristics in the forward and reverse directions, but has certain symmetry, so that the differential protection is prevented from being operated by mistake when the sampling value is low. When the energy storage power station is switched between the charging state and the discharging state, the reference direction is continuous, namely the change in the direction is relative rather than absolute, so that the design of directional elements is simplified, the computer program processing is facilitated, unnecessary voltage transformer arrangement is reduced, and the construction and operation cost of the energy storage power station is effectively reduced.
In view of the main protection of the above-mentioned bus transformer, an incomplete current differential protection with current blocking is proposed. According to the method, only the current transformers and the corresponding differential protection are arranged on the four low-voltage sides, so that the current transformers are convenient to select, the matching problem does not exist, the current transformers do not need to be matched with the high-voltage side current, and the protection system is simple and convenient to wire. The incomplete current differential protection method depends on the circuit breakers QF101-QF104 in the 1A energy storage unit and the circuit breakers in the same positions from the 1B energy storage unit to the 1E energy storage unit in the figure 2.
As shown in fig. 2, when all four inverters are put into operation, the current directions in the four branches at the low-voltage end of the bus transformer are consistent and
when the maximum current value of the current converter is more than 4 times, the voting type tripping mechanism is used for judging that the fault occurs in the protection area, and then 4 circuit breakers acting on the branch of the low-voltage side of the junction transformer or the circuit breakers on the high-voltage side of the junction transformer trip to isolate each fault energy storage unit.
As shown in fig. 2, if four converters are all put into operation and a short circuit occurs on the low-voltage side corresponding to a certain converter, the current direction of the side is opposite to that of the other three converters, that is, the branch ratio of the two opposite current directions is 1:3, that is, a fault is determined to occur outside the protection area, and a voting trip mechanism is used for tripping the branch circuit breaker. The voting type hop selection mechanism is similar to the voting principle, the voting type hop selection mechanism in the patent takes a common energy storage power station structure as an example, a current transformer detects currents in different directions, when the number of branches of the current in one direction is smaller than that in the other direction, a small number of branches are cut off, and if a non-fault branch is cut off by mistake, other branches are cut off for processing.
If four converters are put into operation, and the low-voltage sides corresponding to two converters are short-circuited, namely the branch ratio of two opposite current directions is 1:1, the occurrence probability of the situation is low, so that the voting type trip selection mechanism is exited, and the scheme of total trip is adopted. If four converters are all put into operation, the low-voltage sides corresponding to three converters are short-circuited, namely the branch ratio of two opposite current directions is 3:1, the voting type tripping mechanism is used for tripping the branch (namely the normal branch) with the branch ratio of 1, but the fault current still exists at the moment, namely the differential current also exists, the other three branches are tripped again, and the fault energy storage unit is isolated.
In addition, the high-voltage side of the bus transformer is provided with conventional overcurrent quick-break/time-delay protection to act with a certain time delay as backup protection when the main protection cannot act correctly.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be considered limiting of the claimed invention.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A protection method for a multi-end convergence transformer of an energy storage power station is characterized by comprising a main protection method; the main protection method comprises a full current differential protection method with hysteresis braking characteristics and an incomplete current differential protection method with current blocking;
the full current differential protection method with hysteresis braking characteristic is used for avoiding frequent startup of transformer differential protection caused by charge-discharge mode conversion;
the full current differential protection method with hysteresis braking characteristics comprises the following steps:
when low current is sampled, different braking characteristics are adopted in the positive direction and the negative direction, but the positive direction and the negative direction have certain symmetry; the positive direction is a charging state, and the negative direction is a discharging state;
and when the energy storage power station is switched between the charging and discharging states, the reference direction is continuous, i.e. the change in direction is relative, not absolute;
the incomplete current differential protection method with current blocking comprises the steps that circuit breakers are arranged on four low-voltage sides, the blocking current value is set to be the maximum current value of a current converter, and current transformers and corresponding differential protection are arranged on the four low-voltage sides;
the incomplete current differential protection method with current blocking further comprises the following steps:
when the transformer normally operates, the four current converters on the low-voltage side of the confluence transformer have the same current direction and the same magnitude, and the corresponding differential current value is zero, so that the protection does not act;
when short-circuit fault occurs in the area, the maximum current of the current converter is used as a differential constant value;
if the current flowing through the current transformer at the low-voltage side of the bus transformer is less than or equal to the maximum rated current of the converter, the protection is locked and does not trip.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the maximum current of the inverter is set to 1.5 times the rated current.
3. The protection method for the energy storage power station multi-terminal bus transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that for the incomplete current differential protection method with current blocking, a voting strategy is adopted for carrying out selection tripping; the method for selecting hops by adopting voting strategy specifically comprises the following steps:
when the current directions in the four branches of the low-voltage end of the confluence transformer are consistent and the sum of the current vector values in each branch of the low-voltage end of the confluence transformer is greater than 4 times of the maximum current value of the current converter, a voting type trip selection mechanism is used for determining that a fault occurs in a protection area, and then 4 circuit breakers acting on the branches of the low-voltage side of the confluence transformer or circuit breakers on the high-voltage side of the confluence transformer are tripped for protection, so that each fault energy storage unit is isolated.
4. The method for protecting the multi-terminal bus transformer of the energy storage power station as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method for selecting the trip by adopting the voting strategy further comprises:
when the four converters are put into operation and the low-voltage side corresponding to one converter is short-circuited, the current direction of the side is opposite to that of the other three converters, namely the branch ratio of the two opposite current directions is 1:3, namely a fault is determined to occur outside a protection area, and the branch circuit breaker is protected to trip by a voting type tripping mechanism.
5. The method for protecting the multi-terminal bus transformer of the energy storage power station as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method for selecting the trip by adopting the voting strategy further comprises:
when the four converters are all put into operation, and the low-voltage sides corresponding to the two converters are in short circuit, namely the branch ratio of the two opposite current directions is 1:1, the voting type trip selection mechanism is quitted, and the scheme of total trip is adopted.
6. The method for protecting the multi-terminal bus transformer of the energy storage power station as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method for selecting the trip by adopting the voting strategy further comprises:
when the four converters are all put into operation, the low-voltage sides corresponding to the three converters are in short circuit, namely the branch ratio of the two opposite current directions is 3:1, the voting type tripping mechanism is used for tripping the branch with the branch ratio of 1, and then the other three branches are tripped, so that the fault energy storage unit is isolated.
7. The energy storage power station multi-end bus transformer protection method of claim 1, further comprising:
in addition, the high-voltage side of the bus transformer is provided with a conventional overcurrent quick-break/delay protection as a backup protection when the main protection cannot operate correctly.
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