CN109149614B - Method for setting AC line reclosing mode of AC/DC hybrid system - Google Patents
Method for setting AC line reclosing mode of AC/DC hybrid system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for setting reclosing modes of an alternating current line of an alternating current-direct current hybrid system, aiming at the influence of tripping of different reclosing modes of an alternating current line at a receiving end of the alternating current-direct current system on a system SCR (silicon controlled rectifier), and calculating a critical short circuit ratio CSCR (circuit switched resistor) after a three-phase breaker of a fault line trips3And system short-circuit ratio SCR, and CSCR3Determining the reclosing mode of the circuit according to the size of the SCR; when the short-circuit ratio of the three phases of the fault line after tripping is less than or equal to the critical short-circuit ratio calculated after the three phases of the corresponding line trip, the alternating-current transmission line adopts a single-phase reclosing mode to prevent the system instability caused by continuous phase commutation failure during the fault tripping. When the short circuit ratio of the fault line after three-phase tripping is larger than the calculated critical short circuit ratio of the corresponding line after three-phase tripping, the alternating current transmission line adopts a three-phase reclosing mode to increase the direct current transmission power during the fault tripping.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power systems, and particularly relates to a method for setting a reclosing mode of an alternating current line of an alternating current-direct current hybrid system.
Background
Compared with the traditional alternating current transmission, the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission has the advantages of large transmission power, low line manufacturing cost, convenience and rapidness in control, capability of realizing asynchronous grid connection of systems at two ends and the like. With the rapid development of the electric power industry in China, the largest standard alternating current-direct current series-parallel large power grid in China has been built in China.
Cascading failures caused by direct current commutation failures are the main problems of the alternating current and direct current series-parallel power grid. When the commutation fails, the problems of the voltage drop of the alternating current bus, the increase of the direct current, the reduction of the direct current transmission power, the shortening of the service life of the converter valve, the commutation transformation direct current magnetic biasing and the like can be caused, and even the direct current transmission power is interrupted, and the valve bank of the direct current system is locked or even extremely locked. In a multi-feed dc system, the problem of commutation failure is more serious.
The commutation voltage amplitude drop of the converter valve to be switched off is the root cause of commutation failure. The size of the arc-quenching angle (or turn-off angle) in the operation process of the inverter directly determines whether the converter valve can be successfully turned off, and when the turn-off angle is smaller than the inherent limit turn-off angle of the converter valve, the converter fails to convert the phase. When an alternating current line fails, the amplitude of an alternating current bus voltage is reduced, phase deviation and waveform distortion occur, a large amount of reactive power shortage occurs in a converter station, and if a reactive power compensation device is not enough to meet reactive power consumption of the converter station, the phase change failure fault of an inverter occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for setting the reclosing mode of the alternating current circuit of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system aiming at the defects in the prior art, an extra-high voltage direct current power transmission system model is established by using electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC, and the influence of the reclosing mode of the alternating current circuit on the commutation of the direct current system at different short circuit ratios of the alternating current-direct current system is verified.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for setting an alternating current circuit reclosing mode of an alternating current-direct current hybrid system includes the steps of starting protection when a single-phase earth fault occurs in a power transmission line, calculating a system critical short circuit ratio CSCR after a receiving end alternating current system fault line adopts a three-phase reclosing mode and three-phase tripping3And comparing the short circuit ratio with the SCR of the system after tripping, and selecting a reclosing mode according to a comparison result.
Specifically, aiming at a single-feed-in high-voltage direct-current power transmission system, the critical short-circuit ratio CSCR of the system after three-phase tripping of a fault line of a receiving-end alternating-current system3The calculation is as follows:
u is the alternating current voltage of a current conversion bus after the three-phase tripping of the fault line; pd、QdActive power and reactive power of a direct current system after three-phase tripping of a fault line are provided; gamma is an arc-quenching angle; mu is a commutation angle; qcThe reactive compensation capacity of the converter station after three-phase tripping of the fault line is obtained; and theta is the equivalent impedance angle of the alternating current system after the three-phase tripping of the fault line.
Further, the reactive power Q consumed by the converterdThe calculation is as follows:
wherein α is the firing angle, PdFor the active power on the dc side of the converter station,
is the converter station power factor angle.
Specifically, the short-circuit ratio SCR after tripping of the three-phase reclosing of the receiving-end alternating-current system fault line is calculated as follows:
wherein S isacThe three-phase short-circuit capacity of the alternating current system at the position of the current conversion bus after the three-phase tripping of the fault line is obtained; u shapeNRated line voltage for the current conversion bus; pdNRated power for the converter; and Z is the equivalent impedance of the alternating current system.
Specifically, when the short-circuit ratio of the three-phase tripped fault line is smaller than or equal to the critical short-circuit ratio calculated after the three-phase tripped corresponding line, the alternating-current transmission line adopts a single-phase reclosing mode to trip off the fault-phase circuit breaker.
Specifically, when the short-circuit ratio of the fault line after three-phase tripping is larger than the critical short-circuit ratio calculated after the corresponding line three-phase tripping, the alternating-current transmission line adopts a three-phase reclosing mode to trip the three-phase circuit breaker.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a method for setting the reclosing mode of an alternating current line of an alternating current-direct current hybrid system, which can reduce the occurrence probability of commutation failure of a direct current system, ensure the stable operation of the system and the transmission of direct current power and ensure the critical short circuit ratio CSCR (circuit switched resistor) by changing the self-adaptive reclosing mode3The SCR is a judgment standard for measuring the strength of an alternating current system, when the SCR is small, a rated working point is positioned on the left side of a critical short circuit ratio, and at the moment, the system cannot operate in a stable state, because serious dynamic overvoltage is generated near a compensation device due to the switching of a parallel reactance and a capacitor in an extremely weak alternating current system, the anti-interference capability is very poor, the instability of the system is possibly caused due to the existence of small disturbance, and a series of more serious problems are generated.
Furthermore, compared with the traditional alternating current transmission, the high-voltage direct current transmission has the advantages of large transmission power, low line manufacturing cost, convenience and rapidness in control of direct current voltage and current power, capability of asynchronous grid connection of systems at two ends and the like.
Furthermore, when the system short-circuit ratio after the three-phase tripping of the fault line is smaller than or equal to the critical short-circuit ratio calculated after the three-phase tripping of the corresponding line, the alternating-current line adopts a single-phase reclosing mode, so that the occurrence of phase-change failure fault during the fault tripping period can be effectively avoided.
Further, when the system short-circuit ratio after the three-phase tripping of the fault line is larger than the critical short-circuit ratio calculated after the three-phase tripping of the corresponding line, the direct-current transmission power during the fault tripping period can be increased by adopting a three-phase reclosing mode for the alternating-current line.
In summary, the invention provides a reclosing mode setting strategy for a receiving-end alternating current line in a single-feed alternating current-direct current system, by the method, the occurrence of a commutation failure fault can be effectively avoided when the supporting strength of the receiving-end alternating current system is weak, and the direct current transmission power during fault tripping can be effectively improved when the supporting strength of the receiving-end alternating current system is strong.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation model according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a comparison graph of arc extinguishing angles of different reclosure modes when the SCR is 2.024 in the invention;
fig. 3 is a comparison graph of arc extinguishing angles of different reclosure modes when the SCR is 2.825 in the present invention;
fig. 4 is a comparison graph of arc extinguishing angles of different reclosing modes when the SCR is 2.994;
fig. 5 is a comparison graph of arc extinguishing angles of different reclosing modes of the SCR-5 in the invention;
fig. 6 is a comparison graph of dc power of different reclosing modes of SCR-5 in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of steps performed in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for setting reclosing modes of an alternating current line of an alternating current-direct current hybrid system, which aims at the influence of tripping of different reclosing modes of an alternating current line at a receiving end of the alternating current-direct current system on a system SCR (selective catalytic reduction), and gives out a critical short circuit ratio CSCR (circuit switched resistor) after three-phase tripping of the alternating current line at the receiving end fault3Tool (A)The method comprises the steps of establishing a single-feed-in high-voltage direct-current power transmission system model by utilizing electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC, verifying the influence of alternating-current line reclosing modes on the phase change of a direct-current system when the alternating-current system short-circuit ratios are different, comparing the relationship between the two switching-on modes and corresponding data on the inversion side of the direct-current system by changing the short-circuit ratio of the alternating-current system at the receiving end, and providing a setting strategy of the reclosing mode of the alternating-current power transmission line on the inversion side from the perspective of reducing the probability of phase change failure on the direct-current side.
Referring to fig. 7, the method for setting the reclosing mode of the alternating current line of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system according to the present invention reduces the probability of phase change failure occurring at the direct current side by changing the adaptive reclosing mode, and includes the following specific steps:
s1, starting protection;
s2, calculating the critical short circuit ratio CSCR of the system after the fault line of the receiving-end alternating current system adopts three-phase reclosing tripping3；
Because factors such as direct current transmission power, converter bus voltage, reactive power of a converter station and the like can be changed after the three-phase circuit breaker of the fault line is tripped, the critical short circuit ratio CSCR of the system needs to be recalculated after the fault line is tripped3。
The IEEE gives a specific calculation formula of the critical short circuit ratio CSCR for a single-feed-in ultrahigh voltage direct current transmission system:
u is the alternating current voltage of a current conversion bus after the three-phase tripping of the fault line; pd、QdActive power and reactive power of a direct current system after three-phase tripping of a fault line are provided; gamma is an arc-quenching angle; mu is a commutation angle; qcThe reactive compensation capacity of the converter station after three-phase tripping of the fault line is obtained; and theta is the equivalent impedance angle of the alternating current system after the three-phase tripping of the fault line.
Reactive power Q consumed by the converterdThe specific formula of (2):
wherein α is the firing angle, PdFor the active power on the dc side of the converter station,
is the converter station power factor angle.
S3, calculating a short-circuit ratio SCR after tripping of a three-phase reclosing lock of a receiving end alternating current system fault line;
the short circuit ratio SCR in the direct current transmission system is represented by dividing the three-phase short circuit capacity of the alternating current system at the converter bus by the rated direct current transmission power.
Wherein S isacThe three-phase short-circuit capacity of the alternating current system at the converter bus; u shapeNRated line voltage for the current conversion bus; pdNRated power for the converter; and Z is the equivalent impedance of the alternating current system.
And (4) calculating equivalent impedance of the receiving end alternating current system after the fault line trips in a three-phase reclosing mode, and further obtaining the three-phase reclosing short circuit ratio SCR of the fault line according to the formula (4).
S4, comparing SCR and CSCR3The size of (2).
When the short-circuit ratio of the three-phase tripped fault line is smaller than or equal to the critical short-circuit ratio calculated after the three-phase tripped fault line, the alternating-current transmission line adopts a single-phase reclosing mode to trip off the fault-phase circuit breaker, so that the system instability caused by continuous phase commutation failure during the fault tripping period can be prevented; when the system short-circuit ratio after the three-phase tripping of the fault line is larger than the calculated critical short-circuit ratio after the three-phase tripping of the fault line, the alternating-current transmission line adopts a three-phase reclosing mode to trip off the three-phase circuit breaker, and the direct-current transmission power during the fault tripping period can be increased.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The simulation results are as follows:
an alternating current-direct current system simulation model shown in figure 1 is established based on PSCAD/EMTDC, the model is a bipolar +/-800 kV ultrahigh voltage single-feed direct current transmission system established based on an actual system, an alternating current power supply on an inversion side is connected with the direct current system through two parallel alternating current transmission lines, the alternating current voltage level is 500kV, the length of the alternating current transmission line is 100km, the bipolar rated transmission power of the direct current system is 5000MW, each pole is formed by connecting two twelve pulse wave current converters in series, and four unipolar converter transformers are respectively connected with two twelve pulse wave current conversion bridges in a Y/Y, Y/delta, Y/Y and Y/delta connection mode. And the direct current control part adopts a control strategy based on a CIGRE model. The rectification side adopts constant current control matched with low-voltage current-limiting control, the inversion side adopts constant extinction angle control and is matched with a control strategy of constant current, a low-voltage current-limiting link and current deviation correction. And performing simulation verification on the closing setting scheme based on the model.
In the simulation model, the leading trigger angle β of the inversion side is 40 °, the commutation angle μ is 22 °, and the result is obtained
QdSetting the reactive compensation capacity of the converter station as Q for 2919.183Mvarc2860Mvar, three-phase tripping back-commutation busThe voltage amplitude is reduced to 91.88%, the direct current active power is reduced to 88%, the reactive power consumption is 2568.72Mvar, the data are substituted into formula (1), and the critical short-circuit ratio CSCR after the three-phase tripping of the L2 line is calculated to be 1.7473.
The CSCR 1.7473 is taken as the criterion for judging whether the phase change failure fault occurs in the converter station after the L2 line is tripped by the three-phase reclosing when the system is symmetrical, and is recorded as the CSCR3. I.e. when the system short-circuit ratio is less than CSCR31.7473, the AC system support strength can not satisfy the commutation, resulting in the failure of commutation failure, when the system short-circuit ratio is larger than CSCR3The commutation can be done at 1.7473.
Please refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3, which compare L2And line faults are generated along with the change curve of the arc extinguishing angle of the inversion side with the system short-circuit ratio gradually increased. Comparing fig. 2 and fig. 3, it can be seen that: when a single-phase short circuit grounding fault occurs at the middle point of the line of the alternating current line L2 in 1s, the arc extinguishing angle of the inversion side drops to zero at the moment of the fault, a commutation failure fault occurs, the voltage of the commutation bus and the direct current transmission power drop from different degrees respectively, the circuit breaker acts after 0.06s, and the circuit breaker is successfully superposed after 1 s. When the circuit adopted single-phase reclosing mode, the circuit breaker tripping operation back, the system through a period of oscillation, resume steady operation gradually, and can effectively avoid the emergence of continuous commutation losing, and along with the increase of system short circuit ratio, the contravariant side arc-extinguishing angle resumes sooner when the circuit adopted single-phase reclosing mode, the advantage of single-phase reclosing mode is more obvious, and when the circuit adopted three-phase reclosing mode, the circuit breaker tripping operation back, the unstability takes place for the system, continuous commutation failure trouble takes place for the contravariant side, can't maintain DC power's transport.
Therefore, when the short circuit of the system is small, the receiving end alternating current circuit is insufficient to meet the stable operation of the system after the circuit trips in a three-phase reclosing mode, and the transmission of direct current power after the fault trips can be kept without causing the instability of the system by adopting a single-phase reclosing mode.
Referring to fig. 4, the ac line adopts a three-phase reclosing mode, and the short-circuit ratio of the system after the fault trip is in the waveform comparison of the arc extinguishing angles of the inversion sides before and after the critical short-circuit ratio setting value of the symmetric system. When the system short-circuit ratio is 2.994, the system short-circuit ratio becomes 1.784 after the three phases of the L2 line are disconnected, namely, the simulation result shows that the system critical short-circuit ratio after the line is tripped by a three-phase reclosing breaker when the system is symmetrical is about 1.784, and the error with the calculation result CSCR is in an acceptable range of 1.7473.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, waveforms of the arc-extinguishing angle of the inverter side and the dc transmission power are shown when the system SCR is 5. As can be seen from the figure, the advantages of the three-phase reclosing are more obvious as the short-circuit ratio of the system is increased. Under the condition that the short circuit ratio of an alternating current system is large enough, the difference degree of the impact of a reclosing mode on the direct current system is reduced during the tripping period of the circuit breaker, the arc extinguishing angle is similar to the voltage drop degree of a current conversion bus, but the three-phase reclosing mode has higher transmission power of the direct current system during the tripping period compared with a single-phase reclosing mode, and the three-phase reclosing avoids the problems of non-full-phase operation and potential current, so that under the condition that the strength of the alternating current system is high, the alternating current circuit usually adopts the three-phase reclosing mode, and the simulation verification result is consistent with the closing setting strategy.
Through the method, the invention provides a method for setting the reclosing mode of the alternating current line of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system. When the system short-circuit ratio of the fault line after three-phase tripping is smaller than the critical short-circuit ratio calculated after the corresponding line three-phase tripping, the fault alternating-current transmission line adopts a single-phase reclosing mode to prevent the system instability caused by continuous phase commutation failure during the fault tripping.
When the system short-circuit ratio of the fault line after three-phase tripping is larger than or equal to the critical short-circuit ratio calculated after the corresponding line three-phase tripping, the fault alternating-current transmission line adopts a three-phase reclosing mode to increase the direct-current transmission power during the fault tripping.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for setting an alternating current circuit reclosing mode of an alternating current-direct current hybrid system is characterized in that protection is started when a single-phase earth fault occurs in a power transmission line, and a critical short circuit ratio CSCR (circuit switched resistor) of the system after a receiving end alternating current system fault line adopts a three-phase reclosing mode and three-phase tripping is calculated3And comparing the short-circuit ratio with the SCR of the tripped system, and selecting a reclosing mode according to the comparison result.
2. The method for setting the reclosing mode of the alternating current line of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein for the single-feed-in high-voltage direct current transmission system, the critical short circuit ratio CSCR of the system after the three-phase tripping of the fault line of the receiving end alternating current system3The calculation is as follows:
u is the alternating current voltage of a current conversion bus after the three-phase tripping of the fault line; pd、QdActive power and reactive power of a direct current system after three-phase tripping of a fault line are provided; gamma is an arc-quenching angle; mu is a commutation angle; qcThe reactive compensation capacity of the converter station after three-phase tripping of the fault line is obtained; and theta is the equivalent impedance angle of the alternating current system after the three-phase tripping of the fault line.
3. The method for setting the reclosing mode of the alternating current line of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system according to claim 2, wherein the reactive power Q consumed by the converterdThe calculation is as follows:
wherein α is the firing angle, PdFor the active power on the dc side of the converter station,
is the converter station power factor angle.
4. The method for setting the reclosing mode of the alternating current line of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the short circuit ratio SCR after tripping of the three-phase reclosing of the fault line of the receiving-end alternating current system is calculated as follows:
wherein S isacThe three-phase short-circuit capacity of the alternating current system at the position of the current conversion bus after the three-phase tripping of the fault line is obtained; u shapeNRated line voltage for the current conversion bus; pdNRated power for the converter; and Z is the equivalent impedance of the alternating current system.
5. The method for setting the reclosing mode of the alternating current line of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein when the short-circuit ratio of the three-phase tripped fault line is smaller than or equal to the critical short-circuit ratio calculated after the three-phase tripped corresponding line, the alternating current transmission line adopts a single-phase reclosing mode to trip off a fault-phase circuit breaker.
6. The method for setting the reclosing mode of the alternating current line of the alternating current-direct current hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein when the short-circuit ratio of a fault line after three-phase tripping is larger than the calculated critical short-circuit ratio of the corresponding line after three-phase tripping, the alternating current transmission line adopts a three-phase reclosing mode to trip off a three-phase circuit breaker.
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| CN112803353B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-06-28 | 华北电力大学 | Reclosing method and system based on alternating current-direct current interconnection system |
| CN114094615B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-06-13 | 国家电网有限公司西北分部 | Multi-DC conveying limit calculation method based on DC interaction coupling clustering |
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| A Flexible Power Control Method of VSC-HVDC Link for the Enhancement of Effective Short-Circuit Ratio in a Hybrid Multi-Infeed HVDC System;Yan Liu et al.;《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS》;20130531;第28卷(第2期);第1568-1581页 * |
| A Method of Detecting Commutation Failure in Multi-infeed HVDC Systems Based on Critical Failure Impedance Boundary;Guoqing Li et al.;《IEEE》;20171231;第1-5页 * |
| 交直流混联电网过电压保护应用分析;张健康 等;《电力系统自动化》;20110625;第35卷(第12期);第95-100页 * |
| 换流站近端交流输电线路重合时序问题研究;束洪春 等;《中国电机工程学报》;20120305;第32卷(第7期);第114-123页 * |
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| CN109149614A (en) | 2019-01-04 |
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