CN112859185A - Non-invasive remote material detection device based on earth field nuclear magnetic resonance - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-invasive remote material detection device based on earth field nuclear magnetic resonance, which is based on the nuclear magnetic resonance technical principle, namely, utilizes the Zeeman energy level splitting and Larmor precession of material magnetic atomic nucleus induced by the earth magnetic field to irradiate a detection area by a very low frequency electromagnetic excitation pulse, so that a specific magnetic atomic nucleus absorbs photon energy carried by radio frequency with specific frequency and transits from a low energy level to a high energy level to generate a nuclear magnetic resonance signal; the signal receiving device is used for detecting and sensing nuclear magnetic resonance signals of the target substance, and qualitative and spatial positioning of the target substance is achieved. The invention has definite scientific basis and technical realization way, is not restricted by the variety and physical form of the detected substance in the detection process, and does not change the physical and chemical properties of the detected substance, thereby being a non-invasive remote substance detection device; the invention can be applied to the exploration of underground mineral resources and can also be applied to the fields of environmental protection, archaeology and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-long near field substance detection, and particularly relates to a non-invasive remote substance detection device based on earth field nuclear magnetic resonance.
Background
Remote detection of substances, particularly qualitative and positioning detection of underground minerals, is an unsolved key technical problem in the field of geological mineral exploration at home and abroad. Practice shows that traditional geophysical measurement such as heavy, magnetic, electric and seismic has obvious advantages for exploring large-scale or regional geoscience problems, but qualitative and positioning detection of small and medium-scale targets such as ore deposits or ore bodies often encounters the problem of multi-solution and resolution which are difficult to overcome. Geophysical exploration usually defines some geophysical anomalies in an exploration area, but whether the anomalies and expected target locking elements (such as component attributes, spatial distribution, geometric forms and the like of target substances) can establish a clear and reliable corresponding relationship, and further, the material attributes and the spatial positioning of the detected target are judged, so that the geophysical exploration is a main index for checking the detection effectiveness. From a large number of mineral exploration cases at home and abroad, the conventional geophysical prospecting technology is difficult to achieve, so that the actual requirements of geological prospecting work are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a non-invasive remote material detection device based on earth field nuclear magnetic resonance, which adopts a natural ubiquitous earth magnetic field as a near-constant external magnetic field, obtains real-time material resonance frequency through a high-precision Larmor resonance frequency meter, uses a soft and hard pulse sequence emitting specific resonance frequency of a target material as a radio frequency excitation source to irradiate a detection area, induces the magnetic nuclear energy level transition of the material to be detected to generate a nuclear magnetic resonance signal, and detects and senses the spatial orientation and distance of the magnetic resonance signal of the target material by a dipole receiving antenna with a front amplifier, thereby realizing remote spatial positioning and qualitative identification of the target material. The device is mainly used for positioning and detecting underground mineral products, and can also be applied to the detection fields of related substances such as environment monitoring, archaeology and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a non-invasive remote material detection device based on earth field nuclear magnetic resonance, comprising: the system comprises a host system, a Larmor frequency calculation module, an airborne module and a receiving module;
the host system further includes: the device comprises a host signal source module, a host power supply module, an internal omnidirectional transmitting module, an internal frequency excitation module and an external beam module;
the Larmor frequency calculation module is used for measuring the real-time geomagnetic total field intensity and calculating the Larmor frequency of a detected substance, then displaying data results of the geomagnetic total field intensity and the Larmor frequency on a liquid crystal display screen and preparing for calling at any time according to actual detection requirements;
the host signal source module is used for generating extremely-low-frequency soft and hard pulse signals with different frequencies and different waveforms, amplifying signal power according to actual detection requirements and outputting modulated electromagnetic signals with different powers to the signal transmitting load;
the host power supply module is used for supplying power to the whole host system;
the built-in omnidirectional transmitting module is used for transmitting a soft pulse signal of full-space scanning detection;
the built-in excitation frequency module is used for exciting the molecular frequency of a substance sample and transmitting a wave packet pulse carrying the molecular frequency, so that the detection of a corresponding substance which is nearly homogeneous with the sample is realized;
the external beam module is used for fine positioning detection of the target substance;
the airborne module is used for rapid aerial scanning detection of the detection area;
the receiving module is used for receiving the nuclear magnetic resonance signals;
the output end of the Larmor frequency calculation module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module through wireless communication; the output end of the host power supply module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module; the output end of the host signal source module is respectively connected with the input ends of the built-in omnidirectional emission module, the built-in frequency excitation module and the external beam module; the airborne module and the receiving module are independent modules and are jointly applied with the host system during material detection.
Preferably, the larmor frequency calculation module is an independent module, and when in use, the larmor frequency calculation module is in wireless communication with the host signal source module for information transmission or manually inputs calculation data of the larmor frequency calculation module into the host signal source module;
the Larmor frequency calculation module comprises a power supply, a geomagnetic sensor, a central processing unit, a memory, a liquid crystal display, a frequency calculation program, Bluetooth and the like; the power supply, the geomagnetic sensor, the memory, the liquid crystal display, the frequency calculation program and the Bluetooth are electrically connected with the central processing unit;
the power supply is used for uniformly supplying power to the Larmor frequency calculation module; the geomagnetic sensor is used for measuring the intensity of a geomagnetic field in real time; the central processing unit is used for analyzing the instruction of the module or processing the data in the module; the memory is used for calculating or calling the real-time Larmor frequency of the substance; the liquid crystal display is used for presenting calculated or measured data on a screen; a frequency calculation program for calculating or calling the real-time larmor frequency of the substance; and the Bluetooth is used for transmitting signals with specific frequency with the host signal source module.
Preferably, the host signal source module includes: the device comprises a central controller, a multi-waveform signal generating circuit, a power amplifying circuit, a display screen, a direct-current power supply, a panel and Bluetooth;
the multi-waveform signal generating circuit, the power amplifying circuit and the central processing unit are electrically connected with the direct current power supply; the display, the panel and the Bluetooth are electrically connected with the central processing unit;
the direct current power supply is used for uniformly supplying power to the host signal source module; the central processing unit is used for sending a control instruction; the multi-waveform signal generating circuit is used for generating an electromagnetic signal with specific frequency and waveform; the panel is used for setting required power amplification, duty ratio and emission load type parameters through the function adjusting knob and the keyboard; the display screen is used for displaying the signal parameters and the functional parameters on the display screen of the host computer in real time; the Bluetooth is used for transmitting a signal emission instruction of a specific frequency with the Larmor frequency calculation module; and the power amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the signal power according to the actual detection requirement.
Preferably, the waveform generated by the host signal source module is a sine wave, a rectangular wave, a triangular wave or a sawtooth wave; the wave transmitted by the transmitting load of the host signal source module is continuous wave, hard pulse or soft pulse;
different types, detection modes or detection targets of the transmitting loads adopt pulse combinations with different waveforms, powers and duty ratios.
Preferably, the built-in omnidirectional emission module comprises a magnetic probe and a specially-made soft magnetic core;
the magnetic probe is a coil formed by densely winding a copper enameled wire on an ABS I-shaped framework; the special soft magnetic core is arranged at the center of the I-shaped frame.
Preferably, the built-in omnidirectional transmitting module acquires target space data of each machine position by adopting a multi-machine position detection method, respectively scans and detects symbiotic and associated elements, and determines whether the symbiotic and associated elements exist in the same space range; the target space data of each machine position comprises machine position coordinates, a target position, a machine position-target distance and detected elements;
the built-in omnidirectional transmitting module and the airborne module work jointly, and the airborne module full-frequency excitation and the ground host system selection resonance working mode are adopted to realize the aerial rapid scanning detection in the detection area.
Preferably, the built-in excitation frequency module comprises a matter frequency excitation probe; the built-in excitation frequency module is electrically connected with the host power signal generation module; the built-in frequency excitation module and the built-in omnidirectional emission module have the same structure and different electromagnetic parameters;
the built-in excitation frequency module is used for exciting the molecular frequency of a substance sample and emitting wave packet pulses carrying the molecular frequency to realize detection of corresponding substances which are nearly homogeneous with the sample, namely, the sample is placed in a substance excitation area, full-frequency high-energy hard pulses with specific central frequency are applied to the substance excitation area to excite the molecular frequency components of the sample, wave packet pulses containing the molecular frequency components of the sample are generated through frequency mixing modulation, and then the wave packet pulses are radiated to the detection area through the omnidirectional transmitting antenna;
when the wave packet pulse containing the frequency components of the sample molecules irradiates the homogeneous substance of the sample in the radiation space to which the wave packet pulse belongs, the wave packet pulse and the homogeneous substance of the sample can generate resonance absorption to form a magnetic resonance signal;
the full-frequency high-energy hard pulse is a carrier wave, and the frequency of the substance molecules is an effective signal.
Preferably, the external beam module is a separable module, and is connected to the external port of the host signal source module only when performing fine positioning detection;
the external beam module comprises a narrow beam transmitting probe, a specially-made soft magnetic core, a tubular resonant cavity, a laser pointer, an aviation plug and a scale triangular support; the narrow-amplitude beam emission probe and the special soft magnetic core are fixed in the tubular resonant cavity and are electrically connected with the aviation plug; the laser pointer is fixed above the tubular resonant cavity by a screw; the tubular resonant cavity and the scale triangular support are fixed through screws.
Preferably, the soft pulse narrow beam emitted by the external beam module directly irradiates an underground target, and the occurrence space position of the ore body is detected at multiple points according to a certain exploration distance; and (3) aiming at the targets with medium to steep inclination, delineating the three-dimensional forms of the targets by adopting an upper disc and a lower disc combined detection mode.
Preferably, the onboard module is an independent module and is only used in combination with the host system when the airborne detection of the detection area is carried out;
the airborne module selects a ground takeoff position, compiles a flight route, sets a level flight height and sets the transmitting power of the airborne module according to the level flight height and the depth of ground detection in advance according to the detection area range and the landform condition.
Preferably, the receiving module is an independent module and is used in combination with the host system during all ground detection and aerial detection;
and the target filtering device in the receiving module adopts a monopole method or a dipole method to carry out electromagnetic compatibility matching.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a magnetic current source to emit an extremely low frequency electromagnetic excitation signal, takes the core area of an ultra-long wave near-zone field as an effective detection area, and an alternating induction field of the invention has the flow of an extremely low frequency magnetic signal and has the characteristics of instantaneous over-distance energy transfer property and low impedance field, and the near-zone field characteristics endow ultra-strong electromagnetic energy and instantaneous over-distance perception capability for realizing remote material detection; the device has clear scientific basis and technical realization way, is not restricted by the type and physical form of the detected substance in the detection process, does not change the physical and chemical properties of the detected substance, is a non-invasive nondestructive detection device, can be applied to the exploration of underground mineral resources, and can also be applied to the related fields of environmental protection, archaeology and the like.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the construction of the main modules of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ground detection of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional inspection of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of bit-space joint detection.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
The invention is based on the nuclear magnetic resonance technical principle, namely, the Zeeman energy level splitting and Larmor precession of substance magnetic atomic nuclei induced by the earth magnetic field are utilized, and a detection area is irradiated by a very low-frequency high-energy electromagnetic excitation pulse, so that specific magnetic atomic nuclei absorb photon energy carried by specific frequency radio frequency and jump from a low energy level to a high energy level to generate a nuclear magnetic resonance signal; the signal receiving device is used for detecting and sensing nuclear magnetic resonance signals of the target substance, and qualitative and spatial positioning of the target substance is achieved.
Among 108 natural chemical elements found on earth, most of them have magnetic nuclide, and about 140 or more in total; all magnetic nuclei can theoretically induce nuclear magnetic resonance under appropriate conditions (external magnetic field and radio frequency excitation) and then be used as detection objects. The magnetic nucleus is an odd number of protons or neutrons constituting the nucleus. Since each charged magnetic core has its unique spin angular momentum and spin magnetic moment, different magnetic cores have different spin ratios. The gyromagnetic ratio is the intrinsic physical constant of each magnetic nucleus. The nuclear magnetic resonance technology can be used for detecting and identifying substances based on the scientific fact that the magnetic nuclei of different substances have different gyromagnetic ratios.
In the microscopic world, spin, like mass, is an inherent property of all microscopic particles. The charged nuclei spin, producing a spin angular momentum and a spin magnetic moment, the spin ratio being the ratio of the magnetic moment of the magnetic nuclei to the spin angular momentum. Quantum mechanics holds that the atomic nucleus with even proton number and neutron number has zero spin quantum number due to the spin pair offset, so that the macroscopic spin angular momentum and spin magnetic moment are certainly zero, and the atomic nucleus belongs to a nonmagnetic nucleus and does not have nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon, such as12C6、16O8、32S16And the like. Only nuclei with an odd number of protons or neutrons have their spins incompletely cancelled in pairs, and spin quantum numbers (integers or half-integers) are not zero, and thus have spin angular momentum,Magnetic moment and specific spin ratio. Most chemical elements in the periodic table have natural magnetic cores.
Under the condition of no external magnetic field, the spin magnetic moments of most magnetic cores are in a random disordered state, and the magnetic energy level of the cores is degenerate, so that the material does not show nuclear magnetism macroscopically; when the magnetic core is placed in an external magnetic field, the magnetic core is subjected to magnetic moment to form macroscopic magnetic moment. The movement of the microscopic particles follows quantum mechanical behavior and mainly comprises spin, Zeeman energy level splitting, Botzmann distribution, Larmor precession and the like. In the external magnetic field, the macroscopic magnetic moment of the magnetic core is not rotated to the direction completely parallel to the external magnetic field, but keeps a certain included angle with the external magnetic field, so that the macroscopic magnetic moment is always acted by the magnetic moment exerted by the external magnetic field, and then the macroscopic magnetic moment revolves around the external magnetic field at a certain angular speed, the precession is called Larmor precession, and the precession frequency is called Larmor precession frequency. The motion state of the microscopic particles is very similar to the phenomenon that a gyroscope also revolves around the gravity direction while rotating.
Derived from classical electromagnetics or quantum mechanics, Larmor precession frequency (upsilon)0) With the strength of the external magnetic field (B)0) Proportional to the magnetic spin ratio (γ):
υ0＝γB0/2π(Hz) (1)
if the magnetic atomic nucleus is placed in an external magnetic field and is irradiated by radio frequency of Larmor precession frequency, the magnetic nucleus at low energy level can absorb photon energy carried by the radio frequency and jump from low energy level to high energy level, and then a corresponding nuclear magnetic resonance absorption signal is formed. By detecting and receiving the nuclear magnetic resonance absorption signal, qualitative and positioning detection of the detected target can be realized.
From the formula (1), the larmor precession frequency of the magnetic core is in direct proportion to the magnetic rotation ratio and the external magnetic field intensity; different magnetic atomic nuclei have different magnetic rotation ratios, and have different Larmor frequencies under the same external magnetic field; of course, the same kind of magnetic nuclei will also have different larmor frequencies under different external magnetic fields. Therefore, under a specific external magnetic field, nuclear magnetic resonance can be induced by emitting radio frequency pulses with specific frequency to excite the atomic nuclei of the detected substance, so that the detection of the specific substance is realized.
Since the average field strength of the natural earth's magnetic field is low, the frequency of larmor precession induced by it is also low. Taking 50 μ T (0.5Gs) in the middle latitude area as an example, the larmor precession frequency of about 140 magnetic nuclei of all the natural chemical elements calculated according to the formula (1) is between 30 and 3000 Hz. The spectrum belongs to the category of extremely low frequency superlong wave, namely the spectrum range of excitation radio frequency for nuclear magnetic resonance detection. From the classical electromagnetic wave theory, the larger the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, the stronger the diffraction capability and the larger the skin depth. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave in the frequency band not only has super diffraction capability, but also has super ground drilling capability. This is advantageous for remote sensing.
The present invention belongs to the field of matter detecting technology in near-field (induction field) of superlong wave, and makes full use of the instantaneous superdistance effect of near-field energy transfer of electromagnetic wave. Although the invention has strong remote detection capability, the detection range of the invention still belongs to the near-zone field category of the excitation source for the ultra-low frequency electromagnetic wave. The electromagnetic wave application technique is generally centered on a wave source, and a region within one wavelength (λ) is referred to as a near field and a region outside one wavelength is referred to as a far field. Since there are fundamental differences between the near field and the far field in the characteristics of the field intensity variation trend, electromagnetic energy exchange and wave impedance, any electromagnetic wave application technology must comply with and utilize the differences of the relevant fields. In the near-field, most of the electromagnetic wave energy mainly flows and exchanges between the wave source and the field and between the electric field and the magnetic field; the average poynting vector is close to zero; the electromagnetic intensity of a near-region field is large and uneven, the attenuation is fast, but the energy transfer and exchange between the field and a source have no hysteresis phenomenon, and the near-region field has the characteristic of instantaneous over-distance action similar to a static field; the electric field and the magnetic field of the near field have a phase difference of pi/2, and the electric field and the magnetic field have no fixed proportional relation in numerical value. Based on the above characteristics, the near field is also called an induction field or a confinement field, and the near field electromagnetic wave is also called a confinement electromagnetic wave. If the magnetic current source is used for emitting electromagnetic waves, the magnetic field intensity of a near field of the magnetic current source is necessarily larger than the electric field intensity, and the wave impedance is far smaller than that of a far field in value, so that the magnetic current source belongs to a low impedance field. The invention adopts a magnetic current source to emit an extremely low frequency electromagnetic excitation signal, takes the core area of an ultra-long wave near-zone field as an effective detection area, and the alternating induction field of the invention has the flowing of high-energy and ultra-low frequency magnetic signals, and has the characteristics of instantaneous over-distance energy transfer and low impedance field, and the near-zone field characteristics endow ultra-strong electromagnetic energy and instantaneous over-distance perception for realizing remote substance detection.
Although nmr spectrometers and mri are also based on the principle of magnetic resonance, these instruments differ from the present invention in the most important way: the former adopts an ultrahigh-strength artificial constant-stability external magnetic field, generally 10,000-100,000Gs, and is mainly used for the research of laboratory material structures or the medical field; compared with the former, the invention uses the natural earth magnetic field as the near-constant stable external magnetic field, the magnetic field intensity is about 0.5Gs generally in the middle latitude area, the difference between the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field intensity is 100,000-1,000,000 times, and the invention is mainly applied to the remote qualitative and positioning detection of substances. Therefore, the invention is completely different from the former in the aspects of component composition, technical requirements, implementation approaches, detection objects, use methods, application fields and use environments, and is a brand-new remote material detection technology.
Based on this, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a non-invasive remote material detection apparatus based on earth field nuclear magnetic resonance, comprising: the system comprises a Larmor frequency calculation module, a host signal source module, a host power supply module, an internal omnidirectional emission module, an internal excitation frequency module, an external beam module, an airborne module and a receiving module;
the output end of the host power supply module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module; the output end of the host signal source module is respectively connected with the input ends of the built-in omnidirectional emission module, the built-in frequency excitation module and the external beam module; the external beam module is a separable module of the invention and is connected with an external port of the host only when fine positioning detection is implemented; the airborne module is an independent module of the invention and is only used in combination with a host system when the airborne detection of the detection area is implemented; the receiving module is an independent module of the invention and is used in combination with a host system during ground detection and aviation detection.
The output end of the Larmor frequency calculation module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module through wireless communication; the output end of the host power supply module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module; the output end of the host signal source module is respectively connected with the input ends of the built-in omnidirectional emission module, the built-in frequency excitation module and the external beam module; the airborne module and the receiving module are independent modules and need to be jointly applied with a host system during actual related detection operation.
(1) A Larmor frequency calculation module (full name: real-time geomagnetic measurement and Larmor frequency calculation module):
the Larmor frequency calculation module is an independent module of the invention, and can communicate with a host system through Bluetooth when in use, and can also manually input the calculation data into the host system; the Larmor frequency calculation module is used for measuring the intensity of the implemented geomagnetic field and calculating the Larmor precession frequency of a substance under the corresponding magnetic field, can perform data communication of detection frequency with a ground host through built-in Bluetooth, and can also manually input the frequency data into the ground host according to the frequency data calculated by the built-in Bluetooth for transmitting detection signals. Secondly, the module can be used together with a ground host to form an integrated machine and can also be used independently. And the internal memory preset stores the reduced magnetic rotation ratio data of common detection substances.
The module mainly comprises a power supply, a geomagnetic sensor, a central processing unit, a memory, a liquid crystal display, a frequency calculation program, Bluetooth and other software and hardware; the power supply, the geomagnetic sensor, the liquid crystal display and the Bluetooth are all electrically connected with the central processing unit.
The power supply is used for uniformly supplying power to the Larmor frequency calculation module; the geomagnetic sensor is used for measuring the intensity of the geomagnetic field in real time; the central processing unit is used for analyzing the instruction of the module or processing the data in the module; a memory for calculating or calling a real-time larmor frequency of a substance; a liquid crystal display for presenting measured or calculated data on a screen; a frequency calculation program for calculating or calling the real-time larmor frequency of the substance; and the Bluetooth is used for transmitting a signal emission command with a specific frequency with the detection host.
If the nuclear magnetic resonance method is used for detecting the earth surface or underground substances, the nuclear magnetic resonance response of a potential target body is excited by irradiating a detection area with a pulse electromagnetic signal of a real-time Larmor precession frequency of a region where the substances are located on the premise of obtaining the real-time Larmor precession frequency of the region where the substances are located in advance. Generally, the average strength of the earth's magnetic field is greatest at the north and south poles and smallest near the equator. In the middle latitude area, for example, most areas in China, the latitude is usually about 50 mu T (0.5 Gs). Therefore, the average geomagnetic intensity in a specific region on the earth is mainly related to the latitude of the earth, and the whole earth is relatively stable. However, due to accidental extraterrestrial space electromagnetic events (such as solar black sub-event, solar wind, space magnetic storm, major meteorological event, etc.), major dynamic events (earthquake, strong volcanic activity) in the earth, and large-equivalent artificial nuclear explosion, etc., global or regional disturbance and change of the earth magnetic field can be caused. Therefore, when nuclear magnetic resonance material detection is performed in a specific area, the larmor resonance frequency of the detected material must be calculated according to the real-time geomagnetic field intensity, and the working frequency of the instrument and the great change of the geomagnetic field of the detection area are ensured to be synchronous as much as possible so as to obtain a high-resolution detection result.
Based on the above, the larmor frequency calculation module firstly measures the geomagnetic total field intensity in real time, and after the calculation program reads geomagnetic average intensity (60 seconds) data (unit μ T), the data is expressed as υ according to a formula0＝γB0The/2 pi calculates the real-time Larmor frequency (unit Hz) of the common detection substance, wherein upsilon0Is the larmor precession frequency, B0The strength of the external magnetic field and gamma are the magnetic rotation ratio; and the data are stored in the RAM for being called and presented on the liquid crystal display screen at any time. The calling of the frequency data can adopt menu page turning indirect selection or input element or material number direct selection. After the detected material is selected, a transmission instruction can be sent to the detection host by adopting Bluetooth, and the detection signal can also be transmitted by manually inputting the calculated frequency data into the host. Although the time-varying fluctuation property of the geomagnetic field exists, the fluctuation is less than +/-5 mu T, the material resonance frequency cannot be changed greatly, and the frequency shift correction is performed in the design of the host detection mode in advance, so that the method can be used for detecting the electromagnetic wave in the geomagnetic fieldDetection errors due to small frequency shift variations are not taken into account. However, if a random significant earth magnetic field change (caused by solar black sub-activity, space magnetic storm or regional high-intensity earthquake) is detected, the measured earth magnetic field intensity must be updated in time to match the larmor frequency of the substance. In order to guarantee the detection effect, the geomagnetic change is detected once in 2-3 hours generally during the actual detection operation, so that the emitted resonance frequency can be updated or adjusted in time.
(2) Host signal source module (full name: host power signal generation module):
the module is a basic component of a ground detection host, and mainly comprises a central controller, a multi-waveform signal generating circuit, a power amplifying circuit, a display screen, a direct-current power supply, a digital and functional keyboard, a data interface, an internal-external transmitting interface, an internal frequency exciting interface, a function adjusting knob, Bluetooth, a starting switch, a waterproof and shockproof shell and other components, and has the main functions of generating ultralow-frequency soft pulse signals with different frequencies and different waveforms, amplifying signal power according to actual detection requirements, and outputting modulation signals with different powers to a signal transmitting load.
The direct current power supply is electrically connected with the parts such as the multi-waveform signal generating circuit, the power amplifying circuit, the central processing unit and the like, and supplies power to the module in a unified way; the display, the number and function keyboard, the data interface, the internal and external emission interface, the internal excitation interface, the function adjusting knob, the Bluetooth and other parts are electrically connected with the central processing unit.
According to actual detection requirements, a central processing unit sends out an instruction, a signal generating circuit generates an electromagnetic signal with specific frequency and waveform, required parameters such as power amplification, duty ratio, emission load type and the like are set through a function adjusting knob and a keyboard, and the signal parameters and the function parameters are displayed on a host display screen and corresponding working state indicator lamps in real time. The panel comprises a digital and functional keyboard, a working state indicator light, a transmitting power adjusting (range) knob, a detection mode selection knob, a built-in omnidirectional transmitting interface, a built-in excitation frequency transmitting interface, an external beam transmitter interface, an upper computer data interface, a charging interface, a power switch and the like. The working mode selection knob is mainly used for fine adjustment of the center frequency of the pulse so as to resist the frequency shift phenomena of the detected target caused by factors such as potential external magnetic field micro fluctuation, molecular displacement and the like, and comprises modes such as scanning, resonance, target confirmation and the like. The liquid crystal display will present the content of working frequency, waveform, duty ratio, peak-to-peak voltage, power output state, detection distance, etc. in real time. The module can not only follow the instruction of the frequency meter module to transmit detection signals, but also can independently trigger signal transmission manually; full frequency pulses, single frequency pulses, or a combined pulse sequence may be transmitted according to specific detection needs.
The module cooperates with a Larmor frequency calculation module at the front end, a built-in soft pulse omnidirectional emission module, a built-in excitation frequency module or an external narrow-amplitude wave beam emission module at the rear end to finish the space emission of various excitation electromagnetic signals. Through the central controller, the coordination signal generating unit, the power amplifier unit and the like complete task instructions sent by input components such as a keyboard, a function knob and the like, and input specific detection electromagnetic signals to a specified transmitting load to complete space transmission of excitation signals. According to detection requirements, the waveform generated by the module is mainly sine wave, rectangular wave, triangular wave and sawtooth wave. The frequency range is 1-300kHz (the frequency range is 30-3000Hz in general), the power amplification is 0-10 watts, and the duty ratio is 0-99%. It can emit both continuous wave and hard or soft pulse. According to different types of connected transmitting loads or different detection modes and detection targets, pulse combinations with different waveforms, powers and duty ratios are adopted. The general detection operation mainly uses high-power soft and hard pulse signals. Near-field detection or large target detection usually employs voltage signal (low-power) transmission; remote field detection or small target detection employs power signal transmission. The magnitude of the transmitted power is proportional to the detection distance and the detection depth. A large number of application experiments show that the effective detection distance of the earth surface can reach 10 kilometers and the underground detection depth can reach 1500 meters by transmitting soft pulses with the power of 10 watts.
(3) Built-in omnidirectional emission module (full scale: built-in soft pulse omnidirectional emission module)
The magnetic probe is a coil formed by densely winding a copper enameled wire on an ABS I-shaped framework, and the special soft magnetic core is arranged at the center of the I-shaped framework so as to improve the magnetic flux performance, the output impedance and the electromagnetic compatibility of the module. The module is electrically connected with the front-end power signal source module, is arranged in the host case and is mainly used for transmitting soft pulse signals for full-space scanning detection. The soft pulse is mainly used for narrowing the radio frequency bandwidth and simultaneously increasing the main lobe intensity of the central frequency so as to excite the detected substance with the central frequency as Larmor frequency at high intensity. The aim of omnidirectional emission is adopted, and the implementation of full-space scanning detection in an unknown measurement area is mainly considered. The method comprises the following specific implementation steps: on the premise of determining the type and detection area of the detected substance, firstly, fast full-interval scanning is carried out to determine whether the detected substance exists in the detection area; if present, the substantially planar spatial extent of the target occurrence is delineated by the directional scan. In geological prospecting the above-mentioned operation is called prospecting target area optimization. The host is set to have larger transmitting power and real-time Larmor frequency of the detected ore species, the module is used for transmitting omnidirectional high-power detection signals, and then the dipole signal receiving antenna is used for detecting and receiving nuclear magnetic resonance signals of a potential target body. Referring to fig. 2, if there is a potential detected substance in the detection area (the range that the excitation signal can reach), the receiving antenna will detect and sense the corresponding nmr signal and clearly calibrate the orientation and distance of the target object; if the detection area does not have the detected substance, the receiving antenna does not generate signal response. Deposits of various types in nature are generally composed of a plurality of useful elements or minerals, i.e., multi-element compounds, constituting an ore body or mineralizer. According to the characteristic of the composition of the ore deposit, a multi-element combined detection method can be adopted to respectively scan and detect the symbiotic elements and the associated elements to determine whether the symbiotic elements and the associated elements exist in the same spatial range, so that the accuracy of positioning detection can be increased. In order to accurately position the detection target, a multi-machine detection method is generally adopted. The target space data (including machine position coordinates, target position, machine position-target distance, detected elements and the like) acquired by each machine position need to be recorded in detail so as to be organized and drawn in the indoor data. And drawing the intersecting lines of the target orientations obtained by different machine positions on the same target, so that the target can be accurately positioned in a plane. In addition, the module can work together with the airborne module, and the airborne full-frequency scanning and ground selective resonance working mode is adopted to realize the aerial rapid scanning and detection of the mining area.
Experiments show that the module has good electromagnetic compatibility with a power signal source connected with the front end, and when different transmitting frequencies and different power outputs are carried out, the electromagnetic parameters such as inductance, impedance, distributed capacitance, Q value and the like are very stable, and the transmitted electromagnetic signals have strong remote penetration capability.
(4) Built-in excitation frequency module (full name: built-in substance excitation frequency module):
the device mainly comprises a substance frequency excitation probe and is electrically connected with a front-end power signal source. The structure of the module is basically the same as that of the built-in omnidirectional emission module, but the two electromagnetic parameters are different, and the module has the functions of exciting the molecular frequency of a substance sample and emitting wave packet pulses carrying the molecular frequency to realize the detection of the corresponding substance which is nearly the same as the substance sample. One situation is often encountered in field prospecting: only the ore specimen is on hand, and the mineralizer or ore body similar to the specimen is expected to be searched in the favorable section of the ore formation, but the specific material composition is not clear. The components are unknown and cannot be detected with the calculated larmor resonance frequency electromagnetic signal. By using the module, the molecular frequency of the sample can be obtained in real time by using the frequency excitation and emission functions of the substance, and the object can be found by the object. The magnetic resonance excitation method is called as 'molecular frequency', mainly because field rock and ore samples are mostly conjugates of natural multi-element molecules rather than simple substance element aggregates, when the field rock and ore samples are irradiated by excitation hard pulses (full frequency pulses) with specific central frequency, multiple magnetic nuclides in the rock and ore samples can be excited to simultaneously generate magnetic resonance, and then a multi-element resonance frequency combination is formed; the wave packet pulse after the mixing modulation of the non-radiative evanescent wave of the sample contains the frequency components of the multi-element magnetic nuclei of the rock and ore sample. It should be noted that the "molecular frequency" herein is not a strictly-defined molecular frequency, and it is still a larmor frequency combination of multi-element magnetic nuclei in ultra-low field magnetic resonance
The specific implementation way is as follows: a sample is placed in a substance excitation area above an excitation module, full-frequency high-energy hard pulses with specific central frequency are applied to the substance excitation area, molecular frequency components of the sample are excited, wave packet pulses containing the molecular frequency components of the sample are generated through mixing modulation, and then the wave packet pulses are radiated to a detection area through an omnidirectional transmitting antenna. Once the wave packet pulse containing the frequency components of the sample molecules irradiates the homogeneous substance of the sample in the radiation space, the wave packet pulse and the homogeneous substance undergo resonance absorption to form a magnetic resonance signal. The high-energy excitation full-frequency hard pulse is a carrier wave, and the frequency of substance molecules is an effective signal.
(5) External beam module (full name: external narrow-amplitude soft pulse beam transmitting module):
the external beam module is a separable module and is connected with an external port of the host signal source module only when fine positioning detection is carried out; the device mainly comprises a narrow-amplitude beam emission probe coil, a specially-made soft magnetic core, a tubular resonant cavity, a laser pointer, an aviation plug, a scale triangular support and the like. The probe coil and the soft magnetic core are fixed in the tubular resonant cavity by the core component of the module and are electrically connected with the aviation plug; the laser pointer is fixed above the tubular resonant cavity by screws and is mainly used for pointing of beam detection; the tubular resonant cavity and the triangular support are fixed by screws, and the tubular resonant cavity mainly has the functions of electromagnetic shielding and beam collimation. The module is electrically connected with the front-end ground host power signal generator module and is mainly used for fine positioning and detection of targets. On the premise that the full-space scanning detection is completed and the target is basically defined, referring to fig. 3, a soft pulse narrow beam (the diameter is about 40-60cm, preferably 50cm) emitted by the module is utilized to directly irradiate the underground ore body, and the occurrence space position of the ore body is detected in multiple points according to a certain exploration distance (such as according to an exploration line), so that key geometric factors such as the burial depth, the space form, the attitude and the like of the ore body can be defined finely. For moderately to steeply inclined ore bodies, combined detection of the upper and lower trays can be employed to determine the three-dimensional morphology of the ore body. According to the distance range of the corresponding coupling of the transmitting power, the distance between the ore body resonance point and the detector position can be roughly determined, and then the spatial position of the resonance point is calculated according to the beam inclination angle. The recording of the detection data is required to be done during the field detection operation, so that the subsequent data arrangement and drawing can be facilitated.
(6) An airborne module (full name: an airborne power signal source and a narrow-amplitude beam transmitting module):
the module mainly comprises a power signal source, a narrow beam emitter, a gyroscope and other components. The module, an airborne GPS, an airborne small-sized high-resolution camera and a multi-rotor helicopter form an aerial mobile detection platform together. Referring to fig. 4, the airborne module, the ground detection host and the signal receiving module together form a ground-air detection system to realize rapid scanning of the detection area and realize rapid detection of an area. Before real-time aerial detection, a proper ground takeoff position is selected in advance according to the detection area range and the landform condition, a reasonable flight route is compiled, the level flying height is set according to the landform fluctuation condition, and the transmitting power of an airborne module is set according to the level flying height and the ground detection depth. The air-ground resonance detection information link is as follows: after the airborne module is lifted off, a full-frequency hard pulse narrow-amplitude beam excitation signal is vertically transmitted to the ground, and full-frequency resonance can be formed with all substances in an effective detection depth range under the irradiated small unit area (the range of the beam projected to the ground); meanwhile, the ground host selectively transmits soft pulses of Larmor frequency of the detected substance to the air, and selective resonance of full-frequency resonance signals between the ground host and the airborne module and the underground substance is realized. Once the airborne module detects the detected substance in the flying process of the airborne module, the full-frequency resonance signal necessarily comprises the characteristic frequency component of the detected substance, so that the ground host machine inevitably generates selective resonance with the airborne signal, and a nuclear magnetic resonance signal link among the underground substance, the airborne module and the ground host machine is further formed. The realization of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal link completely depends on the characteristic instantaneous over-distance action characteristic of energy transfer and exchange of an electromagnetic wave near-zone field (induction field). As long as the airborne module finds the resonance signal of the detected substance in the flying process, the specific resonance signal of the detected substance can be instantly sensed by the host computer on the ground. At the moment, the ground host computer sends a hovering instruction to the unmanned aerial vehicle so as to mark the GPS coordinate of the starting position where the resonance signal appears. In actual operation, when the airborne module passes through each ore zone or ore vein, the GPS coordinates of the appearance point and the vanishing point of the resonance signal are generally only recorded; these two points represent the intersection of two boundaries of an ore body (or vein) with the flight path (or exploration line). When subsequent data arrangement and drawing are carried out, corresponding intersection points on a plurality of routes (exploration lines) in the exploration area are reasonably connected, and then the plane distribution form of the detected target ore body or the mineralized body in the exploration area can be drawn. This is similar to geological mineralization of the mine.
(7) Receiving module (full name: dipole signal receiving module):
the module is mainly composed of a dipole antenna, a preposed signal amplifier, a power supply, a connecting wire, an independent shell and the like, and is used for receiving nuclear magnetic resonance signals. The module is provided with a target filtering knob, and the amplification weight of the received signals can be set according to the size of the detected target. When a target with a larger scale or a shorter distance is detected, the gear is turned down to filter a small signal; for the target with smaller scale or longer distance, the gear is increased to improve the detection sensitivity. The module needs the participation of the human body parasitic capacitance of an operator when in work, and the human body parasitic capacitance of different operators has obvious difference, so that the module needs to be matched with a target filtering device of the module in an electromagnetic compatibility way. In practice, either a monopole method or a dipole method may be used. When an operator holds the dipole antenna to move and cut the vertical polarization magnetic field of the resonance signal band, induced electromotive force and induced current are generated in a loop formed by the antenna and a human body, and simultaneously, ampere force applied to the loop current by the magnetic field causes the dipole antenna to rotate directionally, so that the position and the orientation of the resonance signal band between a signal source and a detected object can be detected. After the signal band is positioned, the critical point of resonance is obtained by the host machine transmitting power-distance range coupling knob, and the distance between the resonance point (target) and the host machine is calculated.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (11)
1. A non-invasive remote material detection apparatus based on earth field nuclear magnetic resonance, comprising: the system comprises a host system, a Larmor frequency calculation module, an airborne module and a receiving module;
the host system further includes: the device comprises a host signal source module, a host power supply module, an internal omnidirectional transmitting module, an internal frequency excitation module and an external beam module;
the Larmor frequency calculation module is used for measuring the real-time geomagnetic total field intensity and calculating the Larmor frequency of a detected substance, then displaying data results of the geomagnetic total field intensity and the Larmor frequency on a liquid crystal display screen and preparing for calling at any time according to actual detection requirements;
the host signal source module is used for generating extremely-low-frequency soft and hard pulse signals with different frequencies and different waveforms, amplifying signal power according to actual detection requirements and outputting modulated electromagnetic signals with different powers to the signal transmitting load;
the host power supply module is used for supplying power to the whole host system;
the built-in omnidirectional transmitting module is used for transmitting a soft pulse signal of full-space scanning detection;
the built-in excitation frequency module is used for exciting the molecular frequency of a substance sample and transmitting a wave packet pulse carrying the molecular frequency, so that the detection of a corresponding substance which is nearly homogeneous with the sample is realized;
the external beam module is used for fine positioning detection of the target substance;
the airborne module is used for rapid aerial scanning detection of the detection area;
the receiving module is used for receiving the nuclear magnetic resonance signals;
the output end of the Larmor frequency calculation module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module through wireless communication; the output end of the host power supply module is connected with the input end of the host signal source module; the output end of the host signal source module is respectively connected with the input ends of the built-in omnidirectional emission module, the built-in frequency excitation module and the external beam module; the airborne module and the receiving module are independent modules and are jointly applied with the host system during material detection.
2. The non-invasive remote material detection apparatus based on a geomagnetic field nuclear magnetic resonance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the larmor frequency calculation module is an independent module, and when in use, the larmor frequency calculation module performs information transmission with the host signal source module through wireless communication or manually inputs calculation data thereof into the host signal source module;
the Larmor frequency calculation module comprises a power supply, a geomagnetic sensor, a central processing unit, a memory, a liquid crystal display, a frequency calculation program, Bluetooth and the like; the power supply, the geomagnetic sensor, the memory, the liquid crystal display, the frequency calculation program and the Bluetooth are electrically connected with the central processing unit;
the power supply is used for uniformly supplying power to the Larmor frequency calculation module; the geomagnetic sensor is used for measuring the intensity of a geomagnetic field in real time; the central processing unit is used for analyzing the instruction of the module or processing the data in the module; the memory is used for calculating or calling the real-time Larmor frequency of the substance; the liquid crystal display is used for presenting calculated or measured data on a screen; a frequency calculation program for calculating or calling the real-time larmor frequency of the substance; and the Bluetooth is used for transmitting signals with specific frequency with the host signal source module.
3. The geo-court-based nuclear magnetic resonance non-invasive remote material detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the host signal source module comprises: the device comprises a central controller, a multi-waveform signal generating circuit, a power amplifying circuit, a display screen, a direct-current power supply, a panel and Bluetooth;
the multi-waveform signal generating circuit, the power amplifying circuit and the central processing unit are electrically connected with the direct current power supply; the display, the panel and the Bluetooth are electrically connected with the central processing unit;
the direct current power supply is used for uniformly supplying power to the host signal source module; the central processing unit is used for sending a control instruction; the multi-waveform signal generating circuit is used for generating an electromagnetic signal with specific frequency and waveform; the panel is used for setting required power amplification, duty ratio and emission load type parameters through the function adjusting knob and the keyboard; the display screen is used for displaying the signal parameters and the functional parameters on the display screen of the host computer in real time; the Bluetooth is used for transmitting a signal emission instruction of a specific frequency with the Larmor frequency calculation module; and the power amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the signal power according to the actual detection requirement.
4. The earth-field-based nuclear magnetic resonance non-invasive remote material detection device according to claim 3, wherein the waveform generated by the host signal source module is a sine wave, a rectangular wave, a triangular wave or a sawtooth wave; the wave transmitted by the transmitting load of the host signal source module is continuous wave, hard pulse or soft pulse;
different types, detection modes or detection targets of the transmitting loads adopt pulse combinations with different waveforms, powers and duty ratios.
5. The geo-court-based nuclear magnetic resonance non-invasive remote material detection apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the built-in omnidirectional transmit module comprises a magnetic probe and a purpose-made soft magnetic core;
the magnetic probe is a coil formed by densely winding a copper enameled wire on an ABS I-shaped framework; the special soft magnetic core is arranged at the center of the I-shaped frame.
6. The non-invasive remote material detection device based on earth field nuclear magnetic resonance according to claim 1, wherein the built-in omnidirectional emission module adopts a multi-station detection method to obtain target space data of each station, and scans and detects symbiotic and associated elements respectively to determine whether they exist in the same space range; the target space data of each machine position comprises machine position coordinates, a target position, a machine position-target distance and detected elements;
the built-in omnidirectional transmitting module and the airborne module work jointly, and the airborne module full-frequency excitation and the ground host system selection resonance working mode are adopted to realize the aerial rapid scanning detection in the detection area.
7. The earth-field nuclear magnetic resonance-based non-invasive remote material detection device according to claim 1, wherein said built-in excitation frequency module comprises a material frequency excitation probe; the built-in excitation frequency module is electrically connected with the host power signal generation module; the built-in frequency excitation module and the built-in omnidirectional emission module have the same structure and different electromagnetic parameters;
the built-in excitation frequency module is used for exciting the molecular frequency of a substance sample and emitting wave packet pulses carrying the molecular frequency to realize detection of corresponding substances which are nearly homogeneous with the sample, namely, the sample is placed in a substance excitation area, full-frequency high-energy hard pulses with specific central frequency are applied to the substance excitation area to excite the molecular frequency components of the sample, wave packet pulses containing the molecular frequency components of the sample are generated through frequency mixing modulation, and then the wave packet pulses are radiated to the detection area through the omnidirectional transmitting antenna;
when the wave packet pulse containing the frequency components of the sample molecules irradiates the homogeneous substance of the sample in the radiation space to which the wave packet pulse belongs, the wave packet pulse and the homogeneous substance of the sample can generate resonance absorption to form a magnetic resonance signal;
the full-frequency high-energy hard pulse is a carrier wave, and the frequency of the substance molecules is an effective signal.
8. The earth-field nuclear magnetic resonance-based noninvasive remote material detection device of claim 1, wherein the external beam module is a detachable module that is connected to the external port of the host signal source module only when performing fine positioning detection;
the external beam module comprises a narrow beam transmitting probe, a specially-made soft magnetic core, a tubular resonant cavity, a laser pointer, an aviation plug and a scale triangular support; the narrow-amplitude beam emission probe and the special soft magnetic core are fixed in the tubular resonant cavity and are electrically connected with the aviation plug; the laser pointer is fixed above the tubular resonant cavity by a screw; the tubular resonant cavity and the scale triangular support are fixed through screws.
9. The earth-field magnetic resonance-based non-invasive remote material detection apparatus according to claim 1,
soft pulse narrow beams emitted by the external beam module directly irradiate an underground target, and the occurrence space position of an ore body is detected at multiple points according to a certain exploration distance; and (3) aiming at the targets with medium to steep inclination, delineating the three-dimensional forms of the targets by adopting an upper disc and a lower disc combined detection mode.
10. The earth-field nuclear magnetic resonance-based non-invasive remote material detection device according to claim 1, wherein said onboard module is a stand-alone module, used in conjunction with said host system only when conducting airborne detection of the detection zone;
the airborne module selects a ground takeoff position, compiles a flight route, sets a level flight height and sets the transmitting power of the airborne module according to the level flight height and the depth of ground detection in advance according to the detection area range and the landform condition.
11. The earth-field nuclear magnetic resonance-based noninvasive remote material detection device of claim 1, wherein the receiving module is a stand-alone module that is used in conjunction with the host system for all ground detection and airborne detection;
and the target filtering device in the receiving module adopts a monopole method or a dipole method to carry out electromagnetic compatibility matching.
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