JP2008268018A - Earth observation device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an earth observation device capable of detecting a structure of the inside of a structure. <P>SOLUTION: The device includes a sensor 14 for observing NMR by utilizing the NMR phenomenon, a sensor 15 for observing the SQUID by utilizing the SQUID, and a sensor 16 for observing THz waves by utilizing THz waves to observe the earth by switching the sensors by a switching part 10 properly based on the cooperation of functions of each sensor. A plurality of times measuring part 12 controls the measurement to enable the measurements for a plurality of times. The results of the measurements are analyzed while checking them against preliminary data in a checking and analyzing part 11. This earth observation device holds the data in common with the other observation devices and observes the earth in cooperation with the other observation devices properly through a communication part 13 with the outside. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an earth observation apparatus that performs earth observation using a sensor mounted on an artificial satellite or the like.

  Conventionally, in earth observation using an earth observation satellite (hereinafter also simply referred to as a satellite), a sensor for detecting electromagnetic waves in a predetermined wavelength band is mounted on the satellite, and the electromagnetic waves from the observation target are detected by this sensor. Information about the observation target is obtained. As shown in FIG. 2, the wavelength region of electromagnetic waves used for earth observation has a wide range from ultraviolet, visible, infrared to microwave and radio wave regions, and the wavelength received by the sensor according to the observation target. The bandwidth is determined. For example, the MSS sensor mounted on LANDSAT has four bands (4 to 7) from the visible to the infrared in the observation wavelength band. In addition, the sensor is a passive sensor that passively receives electromagnetic waves (spontaneous radiation) emitted by the observation target, and receives reflections by applying electromagnetic waves to the observation target artificially or actively (active). (For example, see Non-Patent Document 1 for the conventional earth observation by a satellite).

JP-T63-503563 JP-A-2005-326208 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-294853 Yasuyuki Takahashi “Physics lesson from Tanegashima Space Center”, Space Development Corporation, http://ispace.jaxa.jp/pilot_experiments/education/status/progress/tnsc/index.htm, October 15, 2002

  However, in the earth observation with the above conventional satellite-mounted sensor, the internal structure of the structure provided on the surface of the earth and the like is low and the distribution of resources inside the earth is known to some extent, There was a problem that it was difficult.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the above, Comprising: It aims at obtaining the earth observation apparatus which can detect the internal structure of a structure.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, an earth observation apparatus according to the present invention is arranged in outer space, above the sky, or on the ground surface, and has an internal structure of an observation target provided on the ground surface or in the ground. An earth observation device for observing the earth including detection, wherein a static magnetic field for irradiating the observation target is generated, and a static magnetic field generating unit for generating a gradient magnetic field for irradiating the observation target is disposed in the static magnetic field A resonance electromagnetic wave generation unit that generates a resonance electromagnetic wave that irradiates the observed object, an induced electromagnetic wave measurement unit that measures an induced electromagnetic wave emitted from the observation object after irradiation of the resonance electromagnetic wave, and the observation recorded in advance Collating data related to the object, and based on the induced electromagnetic wave measured by the induced electromagnetic wave measurement unit, a verification analysis unit for analyzing the internal structure of the observation target, and the observation target Communication with the other earth observation device including the reception of the data about the observation object acquired by the other earth observation device and the measurement control unit capable of controlling the measurement to be performed a plurality of times. And an external communication unit.

  According to the present invention, the earth observation apparatus that performs measurement using the nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon has an effect that the resolution is improved and the earth observation including the detection of the internal structure of the structure or the like becomes possible.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of an earth observation apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus including the first embodiment of the earth observation apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, the sensor portion used in the present embodiment is a portion surrounded by a dotted line as an NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) observation 14.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the sensor for NMR observation includes a static magnetic field generation unit 2 that generates a static magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field that irradiates an observation target, and a resonance electromagnetic wave generation unit 3 that generates a resonance electromagnetic wave irradiated to the observation target. , An induced electromagnetic wave measuring unit 4 for measuring an induced electromagnetic wave from an observation target, a static magnetic field measuring unit 5 for measuring a geomagnetic field, and a coil 1 are provided. The coil 1 allows direct current or low-frequency current to flow when generating a static magnetic field or gradient magnetic field using the static magnetic field generating unit 2, and allows high-frequency current to flow when generating a resonant electromagnetic wave using the resonant electromagnetic wave generating unit 3. In the measurement of the induced electromagnetic wave using the induced electromagnetic wave measuring unit 4, an induced current is detected.

  Furthermore, the present embodiment holds preliminary data (predicted patterns, etc.) related to the observation target, and collation analysis unit 11 that analyzes the observation result based on the observation data while collating the preliminary data, and a plurality of times Measurement unit 12 that performs measurement and accumulates measurement results, external communication unit 13 that transmits and receives data for communication with an external observation device, static magnetic field generation unit 2, resonance magnetic field generation unit 3 and a switching unit 10 that operates in association with the induction electromagnetic wave measurement unit 4 and the static magnetic field measurement unit 5 while switching appropriately.

  Here, the NMR phenomenon and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) will be described. The NMR phenomenon means that when a certain kind of nucleus (NMR nuclide) is placed in a uniform static magnetic field, a specific frequency proportional to the strength of the static magnetic field (Larmor frequency) due to the interaction between the magnetic dipole moment and the static magnetic field. , Resonance frequency) electromagnetic energy is selectively absorbed or emitted. MRI is an imaging method that utilizes the NMR phenomenon.

  That is, a uniform static magnetic field is first applied to atoms, for example, hydrogen atoms of water molecules. As a result, the magnetic moments of the nuclei are aligned. Next, an electromagnetic wave having a resonance frequency is applied and excited. This results in a different magnetic moment. When the electromagnetic wave having the applied resonance frequency is removed, electromagnetic field energy is generated by electromagnetic induction (free induction attenuation). FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomenon. In FIG. 3, the atom (indicated by a circle) arranged at the center in the figure is placed in a static magnetic field or a gradient magnetic field (A) (gradient), and the resonance frequency of this atom is measured. It is shown that (A) a resonance electromagnetic wave, which is an electromagnetic wave, is applied, and then (C) an induced electromagnetic wave is generated. The gradient magnetic field will be described later.

  The electromagnetic field energy released by free induction decay has the properties of amplitude, wavelength, and phase, which are properties of waves. Since the resonant frequency is proportional to the static magnetic field strength and the substance eigenvalue, the resonant frequency can be changed by applying a gradient magnetic field to the observation target and changing the magnetic field strength depending on the position. That is, by applying a gradient magnetic field, position information can be provided, and position information can be extracted from the wavelength. In addition, a two-dimensional gray image can be obtained by extracting the atomic density from the amplitude information. MRI is mainly used for medical image diagnosis for medical purposes. The strength of the MRI static magnetic field is about 1T (Tesla) = 10000 Gauss, while the strength of the geomagnetic field is about 0.5 × 10 ^ (− 4) T. The sensor for NMR observation 14 in the present embodiment uses such an NMR phenomenon to detect the internal structure of a structure such as a building provided on the ground surface.

  FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating an arrangement example of the present embodiment, and FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an arrangement example in the case where the earth observation device mounted on the satellite performs the earth observation. FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an arrangement example in the case where the earth observation is performed by the earth observation apparatus provided on the ground surface. 5A, a plurality of earth observation devices 20 are arranged in outer space so as to surround the earth 21, and the earth observation device 20 is represented by a circular orbit or a circle. Further, a static magnetic field 22 is shown, and this static magnetic field 22 is, for example, a geomagnetic field. The earth observation device 20 may be mounted on an aircraft or the like and observe the ground surface or the like from the sky. Further, in FIG. 5B, a plurality of earth observation devices 20 surrounding the earth 21 are arranged on the earth 21, and the earth observation devices 20 are represented by circles. Further, a static magnetic field 22 is shown, and this static magnetic field 22 is, for example, a geomagnetic field.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. First, the observation target is determined. At this time, the horizontal position, depth, material, observation accuracy, etc. of the observation target are clarified. Note that the observation object is arranged on the ground surface or in the ground, for example. Next, the NMR measurement conditions, that is, the generation conditions of the static magnetic field and the gradient magnetic field, the generation conditions of the resonance electromagnetic wave, and the measurement conditions of the induced electromagnetic wave are determined. At this time, the strength, direction, frequency, and phase of the static magnetic field, gradient magnetic field, resonant electromagnetic wave, and induced electromagnetic wave are clarified. Next, NMR measurement is performed on the observation target. That is, the static magnetic field generation unit 2 generates a static magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field, the resonance electromagnetic wave generation unit 3 generates a resonance electromagnetic wave, and the induction electromagnetic wave measurement unit 4 measures the induction electromagnetic wave from the observation target. Such SQUID measurement is performed a plurality of times. The multiple measurement is performed by the multiple measurement unit 12 which is a control unit that controls the multiple measurement. In general, the SN ratio can be improved by a plurality of measurements, and the observation accuracy can be improved. These multiple measurement results are analyzed by the collation analysis unit 11 while collating with preliminary data. Further, in the above process, data is shared with other observation devices as appropriate through the external communication unit 13, and observation is performed in cooperation.

Here, the static magnetic field generated in the NMR measurement will be described. As shown in FIG. 6, according to Ampere's law of electromagnetism, when a circular current I is passed through a coil 23 having a radius a and a winding number n, the distance z from the center of the coil on the central axis of the coil 23 The magnetic field B (magnetic flux density) is expressed by equation (1) as follows.

  Here, μ0 is vacuum permeability = 4 × π × 10 ^ (− 7).

  Using the above equation (1), for example, if a 1T magnetic field having a magnitude similar to that of normal MRI is generated on the ground surface, the earth observation apparatus of the present embodiment is mounted on a geosynchronous orbit satellite, for example. Then, from the earth radius 6378 km and geostationary orbit altitude 35786 km, the distance from the earth center to the satellite is 42164 km, so for a = 100 m, n = 10 ^ 6, I-10 ^ 19 A (ampere), a = 10000 m , N = 10 ^ 6 is I-10 ^ 13A. These current values have been evaluated for coils mounted on geostationary orbit satellites, and can be set within a feasible range as follows. For example, by using a plurality of satellites, a low-orbit satellite, a coil installed on the ground, and the like as appropriate, the strength can be improved by about 10 ^ 2. Further, by using a SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) as described in detail in Embodiment 2, it is possible to realize a sensitivity improvement of about 10 ^ 5 times in the measurement of induced electromagnetic waves. . Furthermore, for example, a sensitivity improvement of about 10 ^ 3 times can be realized by a plurality of measurements. When these are used in combination and an effect of about 10 ^ 10 times is realized, the above I becomes about 10 ^ 3A (corresponding to the latter of the current evaluation values), which is sufficiently realizable.

  Next, a cooperative operation with another observation apparatus using the above-described external communication unit 13 will be described. For example, consider a case where a plurality of earth observation apparatuses of the present embodiment are linked to observe an observation target. At this time, the direction, intensity, wavelength, and phase of the electromagnetic wave generated by the resonant electromagnetic wave generation unit 3 or the electromagnetic wave measured by the induced electromagnetic wave measurement unit 4 are determined so that a plurality of observation devices cooperate with each other. Thereby, by adjusting the direction, intensity, wavelength, and phase, it becomes possible to selectively excite (resonate) and observe (guide) one observation object from a distance. In this way, an arbitrary resonance / guided wave is created by synthesizing the direction, intensity, wavelength, and phase by utilizing the wave nature of the electromagnetic wave (mathematically, Fourier series). In the prior art, there is one observation point (observation apparatus). However, as in the present embodiment, by coordinating a plurality of observation apparatuses, it is possible to measure farther and improve the SN ratio.

  Instead of generating a static magnetic field and a gradient magnetic field by the static magnetic field generator 2, NMR measurement can be performed using a geomagnetic field. At this time, instead of the conditions for generating the (gradient) static magnetic field, the static magnetic field measurement unit 5 measures the geomagnetic field distribution at the position where the observation target is arranged, and uses this as a condition. Therefore, the NMR observation apparatus can be configured to include one of the static magnetic field generation unit 2 and the static magnetic field measurement unit 5.

  In particular, when it is difficult to generate a static magnetic field by the observation apparatus, or when the performance is further improved, the geomagnetic field is substituted. A general MRI static magnetic field is about 1T, while a geomagnetic field is about 0.4 to 0.6 × 10 ^ (− 4) T. Therefore, in order to compensate for this, the SN ratio is improved by about 10 ^ 5 times by using a plurality of measurements, cooperation of a plurality of apparatuses, collation with preliminary data, and SQUID described in detail in the second embodiment.

  According to the present embodiment, the internal structure of the observation target can be observed by observation using the NMR phenomenon. In addition, the resolution can be improved as compared with the methods used for conventional resource exploration. That is, in applying the NMR phenomenon to the earth observation, the S / N ratio is improved by multiple measurements, cooperation of multiple devices, and collation with preliminary data. In particular, it is possible to observe far away by cooperation of a plurality of devices. In addition, when it is difficult to generate a static magnetic field by the observation device, the geomagnetic distribution can be measured in advance and the measurement result can be analyzed by using it. As described above, the application of the NMR phenomenon to the earth observation is realized, and the high resolution and the detection of the internal structure (three-dimensional analysis) utilizing the characteristics are realized.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a conventional technique for observing mineral resources using an NMR phenomenon using a wire loop placed on the ground surface. However, Patent Document 1 describes that the NMR phenomenon is mainly applied to geological surveys, but does not describe a method for realizing earth observation from a satellite or the like. Patent Document 3 discloses a conventional technique for searching for an underground structure by applying a magnetic field using a coil arranged in the air or on the ground, but does not describe observation using an NMR phenomenon. In addition, even if Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 3 are considered in combination, earth observation is performed from the satellite of the present invention, and the possibility of improvement in accuracy measurement by a plurality of measurements and a plurality of devices is specifically suggested. Not what you want.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus including the second embodiment of the earth observation apparatus according to the present invention. The sensor portion in the present embodiment is added to the 14 sensors for NMR observation in the first embodiment. 15 sensors for observing SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device). Further, as in the first embodiment, the present embodiment includes a switching unit 10, a collation analysis unit 11, a multiple measurement unit 12, and an external communication unit 13. The switching unit 10 operates the sensor for NMR observation 14 and the sensor for SQUID observation 15 (electromagnetic wave measurement unit 7) in cooperation with each other. Below, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component same as Embodiment 1, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the sensor for SQUID observation 15 includes, for example, a SQUID 6 having a coil structure, and an electromagnetic wave measurement unit 7 for measuring an electromagnetic wave using the SQUID 6. As described above, the earth observation device further provided with the SQUID observation sensor 15 is mounted on, for example, a satellite.

  Next, SQUID 6 will be described. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of SQUID 6 in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, SQUID 6 is a superconductor of the ring structure 17, and when the ring structure 17 is placed in a magnetic field, the change in the magnetic field from the outside is observed (since the superconductor has zero resistance). A current that cancels out is generated. At this time, if there is a thin portion (Josephson junction 18) in a part of the ring structure 17, the superconducting state of that part collapses (that is, resistance is generated), and a voltage is generated. Since this voltage is proportional to the change intensity of the external magnetic field, the external magnetic field can be measured by detecting this voltage. According to this measuring method, it is possible to detect a weak magnetic field of 1/50 million or less (10 ^ (-8) to 10 ^ (-14) T) of the geomagnetic field (about 0.5T). In addition, the sensitivity of the other magnetic measuring element fluxgate is about 10 ^ (− 3) to 10 ^ (− 11) T, so the sensitivity is improved by about 10 ^ 4.

  In order to improve the S / N ratio, the SQUID preferably has a structure as shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 7, a SQUID 25 having a coil structure in which a coil is wound a plurality of times around a material 26 having a high magnetic permeability is disposed, and on the rear side in the direction of the observation target 24 with respect to the SQUID 25. An aggregator 27 that is an apparatus for aggregating magnetic fields is provided. The aggregator 27 is, for example, a parabola, a reflector, or the like, and aggregates the magnetic field 28 from the observation target 24 into the SQUID 25.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. However, the operation of the 15 sensors for SQUID observation will be mainly described below. The operation of the NMR observation sensor 14 is the same as that of the first embodiment. First, the observation target is determined. At this time, the horizontal position, depth, material, observation accuracy, etc. of the observation target are clarified. Note that the observation object is arranged on the ground surface or in the ground, for example. Next, conditions for SQUID measurement are determined. When measurement is performed in cooperation with the NMR observation sensor 14, the intensity, direction, frequency, and phase of the static magnetic field, the gradient magnetic field, the resonance electromagnetic wave, and the induction electromagnetic wave are clarified. Next, the SQUID measurement is performed on the observation target by the electromagnetic wave measurement unit 7. That is, the magnetic field from the observation target is detected using SQUID6. Then, such SQUID measurement is performed a plurality of times. The multiple measurement is performed by the multiple measurement unit 12 which is a control unit that controls the multiple measurement. In general, the SN ratio can be improved by a plurality of measurements, and the observation accuracy can be improved. The measurement result is analyzed by the collation analysis unit 11 while collating with the preliminary data. For example, analysis is performed by collating preliminarily recorded observation target data such as a magnetic pattern at the time of missile launch in missile defense. Further, in the above process, data is shared with other observation devices as appropriate through the external communication unit 13, and observation is performed in cooperation.

  Next, the effect of this embodiment will be described. According to the present embodiment, in addition to the 14 sensors for NMR observation, the 15 sensors for SQUID observation are mounted and used for observation, so that two sensors can be linked to perform higher sensitivity measurement. In addition, the SQUID can be applied to earth observation even as a single sensor, and high resolution utilizing the characteristics can be realized. In addition, SQUID requires a very low temperature to cause superconductivity, but when the earth observation device is mounted on a satellite, for example, the temperature can be used in outer space. Further, environmental noise removal is important for SQUID on the earth, and conventionally, a high-temperature superconductor magnetic shield or a ferromagnetic shield is used. However, there is little noise from outside the observation target (Earth) in outer space. In this embodiment, when applying SQUID to earth observation, improvement of SQUID structure (coil structure, installation of aggregator, inclusion of high permeability material), multiple measurements, cooperation of multiple devices, and preliminary data The S / N ratio is improved by collation. In particular, it is possible to observe far away by cooperation of a plurality of devices.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a conventional technique for observing an internal structure using a SQUID mainly for a specific structure. In particular, a method for improving the S / N ratio by modulating a measurement signal with respect to environmental noise on the ground and noise due to movement of a measuring instrument is shown. However, Patent Document 2 describes that the NMR phenomenon is mainly applied to geological surveys, but does not describe a method for realizing earth observation from a satellite or the like. The SQUID is conventionally used for measuring the magnetic distribution in the brain. However, these are objects to be measured close to each other, and the sensitivity is not improved by using a plurality of elements, and the measurement sensitivity is not improved by installing an aggregator or including a high dielectric constant. The effect of the present invention cannot be obtained in a conventional example without such an idea.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus including a third embodiment of the earth observation apparatus according to the present invention. The sensor portion in the present embodiment is added to the 14 sensors for NMR observation in the first embodiment. And 16 sensors for THz (terahertz) observation. Further, as in the first embodiment, the present embodiment includes a switching unit 10, a collation analysis unit 11, a multiple measurement unit 12, and an external communication unit 13. Hereinafter, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the THz (terahertz) observation 16 sensor has a THz wave generator 8 having a transmitting antenna at the tip and generating a THz wave, and a receiving antenna at the tip and measuring the THz wave. And a THz wave measuring unit 9. As described above, the earth observation apparatus further including the 16 sensors for THz observation is mounted on, for example, a satellite. The switching unit 10 switches the THz wave generation unit 8 and the THz wave measurement unit 9 to operate in conjunction with each other, and also performs switching with each unit of the NMR observation 14 sensor to operate in cooperation.

  Here, the THz wave will be described. A terahertz wave is an electromagnetic wave that vibrates a trillion (tera, 10 ^ 12) times per second. A terahertz wave is a wavelength that exists in an intermediate region between a light wave and a radio wave, and has characteristics of both a light wave and a radio wave. In other words, at this wavelength, while transmitting various substances such as paper, plastic, vinyl, fiber, semiconductor, fat, powder, and ice like radio waves, you can freely take up space with lenses and mirrors like light waves. Can be turned. Applying these properties, examples of remote detection of knives, etc. hidden in clothes by irradiation to humans, identification of prohibited drugs in envelopes prohibited from opening, etc., distribution of electrons in electronic devices An example of observing (operation status) has been reported. Terahertz waves have been rarely used because there has been no effective generation and detection technology for industrial use. However, in recent years, standing is prospect to research in the basic technologies of the past 20 years has been at the center of the university, the focus has shifted to applications development centered on the company. This can be used from space to monitor military facility activities and search for earth resources. THz wave generation methods include a method using a photoconductive switch, a method using a semiconductor, and a method using a nonlinear optical effect, and a THz wave measurement method includes a time domain spectroscopy method.

  In order to improve the SN ratio, it is preferable that the THz (terahertz) observation 16 sensor has a structure as shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 8, a THz wave transmitting element or a THz wave receiving element 30 includes a high dielectric constant material 31 having a function of THz wave aggregation in the vicinity, and the surface of the high dielectric constant material 31 is (lens of the lens). As described above, the structure has a quadratic curve shape so that the THz wave 29 from the observation object 29 can be concentrated on the THz wave transmitting element or the THz wave receiving element 30. Further, an aggregator 32 for aggregating THz waves is provided behind the THz wave transmitting element or the THz wave receiving element 30 in the direction of the observation target 24. The aggregator 32 is, for example, a mirror surface for aggregating THz waves. The mirror surface has a quadratic curve shape (like a parabolic antenna), and is applied to the THz wave transmitting element or the THz wave receiving element 30. It has a structure that can concentrate. A light beam denoted by reference numeral 33 represents a state of aggregation of THz waves by the aggregator 32. In addition, the improvement (installation of an aggregator, provision of a high dielectric constant substance) of the THz wave transmitting element or the THz wave receiving element 30 as shown in FIG. 8 utilizes the property of THz wave light. In other words, it utilizes the property that light can be reflected and aggregated by a mirror surface and guided by a high dielectric constant (high refractive index) material.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. However, the operation of the 16 sensors for THz observation will be mainly described below. The operation of the NMR observation sensor 14 is the same as that of the first embodiment. First, the observation target is determined. At this time, the horizontal position, depth, material, observation accuracy, etc. of the observation target are clarified. Note that the observation object is arranged on the ground surface or in the ground, for example. Next, THz wave measurement conditions are determined. When measurement is performed in cooperation with the NMR observation sensor 14, the intensity, direction, frequency, and phase of the static magnetic field, the gradient magnetic field, the resonance electromagnetic wave, and the induction electromagnetic wave are clarified. Next, the THz wave generated by the THz wave generating unit 8 is irradiated to the observation target, and then the THz wave from the observation target is measured by the THz wave measuring unit 9 to measure the THz wave. Then, such THz wave measurement is performed a plurality of times. The multiple measurement is performed by the multiple measurement unit 12 which is a control unit that controls the multiple measurement. In general, the SN ratio can be improved by a plurality of measurements, and the observation accuracy can be improved. The measurement result is analyzed by the collation analysis unit 11 while collating with the preliminary data. For example, analysis is performed by collating preliminarily recorded observation target data such as the operational status of electronic equipment in a military facility. Further, in the above process, data is shared with other observation devices as appropriate through the external communication unit 13, and observation is performed in cooperation.

  Next, the effect of this embodiment will be described. According to the present embodiment, in addition to the 14 sensors for NMR observation, the 16 sensors for THz observation are mounted and used for observation, thereby enabling measurement in which the two sensors are linked together, As a sensor, THz waves can be applied to earth observation, and observations for special applications (for example, electronic device usage status) utilizing the characteristics can be realized, and high resolution can be realized. In addition, electromagnetic waves observed on the earth (or region) in the prior art are mainly visible light or radio waves, and THz waves that are frequencies between infrared and submillimeter waves are not used. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to observe information (for example, electron distribution in the device) that has been difficult to observe by the conventional technology by irradiation and measurement of THz waves. In addition, when applying THz waves to earth observation, improvement of THz wave transmitting elements or THz wave receiving elements (installation of aggregators, application of high dielectric constant materials), multiple measurements, coordination of multiple devices, preliminary data and The signal-to-noise ratio is improved by collation. In particular, it is possible to observe far away by cooperation of a plurality of devices. In the conventional internal structure detection using THz, a close object is a measurement object, and measurement sensitivity is not improved by a plurality of elements, an aggregator, or a high dielectric constant material.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fourth embodiment of an earth observation apparatus according to the present invention. In the present embodiment, 14 sensors for NMR observation, 15 sensors for SQUID observation, and 16 for THz observation are shown. The sensor is equipped. Further, like the first to third embodiments, the present embodiment includes a switching unit 10, a collation analysis unit 11, a multiple measurement unit 12, and an external communication unit 13. Below, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component same as Embodiment 1-3, and the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the present embodiment, observation is performed by combining a plurality of NMR observations, SQUID observations, and THz wave observations. For example, the electromagnetic measurement unit 7 for SQUID observation can be used as a static magnetic field measurement unit or an induction electromagnetic wave measurement unit for NMR observation. Further, the THz wave generation unit 8 for THz wave observation can be used as a resonance electromagnetic wave generation unit for NMR observation, and the THz wave measurement unit 9 can be used as an induction electromagnetic wave measurement unit for NMR observation. The switching unit 10 includes a static magnetic field generating unit 2 for NMR observation 14, a resonant electromagnetic wave generating unit 3, an induced electromagnetic wave measuring unit 4, a static magnetic field measuring unit 5, an electromagnetic wave measuring unit 7 for SQUID observation 15, and a THz for 16 THz observation. The wave generation unit 8 and the THz wave measurement unit 9 are appropriately switched and operated in cooperation.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described. First, the observation target is determined. At this time, the horizontal position, depth, material, observation accuracy, etc. of the observation target are clarified. Note that the observation object is arranged on the ground surface or in the ground, for example. Next, conditions for NMR observation, SQUID observation, and THz observation are determined. At this time, the strength, direction, frequency, and phase of the static magnetic field, gradient magnetic field, resonant electromagnetic wave, and induced electromagnetic wave are clarified. Next, measurement of NMR observation, SQUID observation, and THz observation is performed. Each measurement method follows the method described in the first to third embodiments. As described above, for example, the electromagnetic wave measurement unit 7 for SQUID observation is used as a static magnetic field measurement unit or an induction electromagnetic wave measurement unit for NMR observation. Can be observed. Then, such THz wave measurement is performed a plurality of times. The multiple measurement is performed by the multiple measurement unit 12 which is a control unit that controls the multiple measurement. In general, the SN ratio can be improved by a plurality of measurements, and the observation accuracy can be improved. The measurement result is analyzed by the collation analysis unit 11 while collating with the preliminary data. Further, in the above process, data is shared with other observation devices as appropriate through the external communication unit 13, and observation is performed in cooperation.

  According to the present embodiment, in the earth observation, it is possible to observe the internal structure of the observation target and improve the resolution by utilizing the features of the NMR phenomenon, SQUID, and THz wave. For example, by combining SQUID observation with NMR observation, it becomes possible to perform measurement with higher sensitivity. Further, by combining the NMR observation with the THz observation, observations for special purposes (such as electronic device utilization status) can be made. As described above, by applying the NMR phenomenon, SQUID, and THz wave to earth observation, the resolution (several meters to several tens of centimeters) in the prior art is improved, and the internal structure detection capability that has been difficult with the prior art is improved. It will be improved, and new 3D analysis, higher resolution, and usage status detection of electronic devices will be possible.

  As described above, the earth observation apparatus according to the present invention is useful for detecting the internal structure of a structure placed on the ground surface or in the ground.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the apparatus containing Embodiment 1 of the earth observation apparatus concerning this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the earth observation method by the conventional satellite. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomenon. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a SQUID in Embodiment 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning in the case of performing earth observation with the earth observation apparatus mounted in the satellite. It is a figure which shows the example of arrangement | positioning in the case of performing earth observation with the earth observation apparatus provided in the earth surface. It is a figure used in order to evaluate the magnetic field intensity which generate | occur | produced by the circular current. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a sensor for SQUID observation in Embodiment 2. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a THz observation sensor in Embodiment 3. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Coil 2 Static magnetic field generation part 3 Resonance electromagnetic wave generation part 4 Inductive electromagnetic wave measurement part 5 Static magnetic field measurement part 6 SQUID
7 Electromagnetic wave measurement unit 8 THz wave generation unit 9 THz wave measurement unit 10 Switching unit 11 Collation analysis unit 12 Multiple measurement unit 13 External communication unit 14 For NMR observation 15 For SQUID observation 16 For THz observation

Claims (9)

An earth observation device for observing the earth including detection of an internal structure of an observation object that is arranged in outer space, above the sky, or on the ground surface, and is provided on the ground surface or in the ground,
A static magnetic field generator for generating a static magnetic field for irradiating the observation target, and generating a gradient magnetic field for irradiating the observation target;
A resonant electromagnetic wave generator for generating a resonant electromagnetic wave to be irradiated to the observation object arranged in the static magnetic field;
An induced electromagnetic wave measurement unit for measuring the induced electromagnetic wave emitted from the observation object after irradiation of the resonant electromagnetic wave;
Collating data related to the observation target recorded in advance, and based on the induced electromagnetic wave measured by the induced electromagnetic wave measurement unit, a verification analysis unit that analyzes the internal structure of the observation target;
A measurement control unit capable of controlling to perform measurement for the observation object a plurality of times;
An external communication unit that communicates with the other earth observation device including reception of data about the observation object acquired by the other earth observation device;
An earth observation apparatus comprising: An earth observation device for observing the earth including detection of an internal structure of an observation object that is arranged in outer space, above the sky, or on the ground surface, and is provided on the ground surface or in the ground,
A static magnetic field measurement unit for measuring the geomagnetic field,
A resonant electromagnetic wave generator for generating a resonant electromagnetic wave that irradiates the observation object arranged in the geomagnetic field;
An induced electromagnetic wave measurement unit for measuring the induced electromagnetic wave emitted from the observation object after irradiation of the resonant electromagnetic wave;
Collating data related to the observation target recorded in advance, and based on the induced electromagnetic wave measured by the induced electromagnetic wave measurement unit, a verification analysis unit that analyzes the internal structure of the observation target;
A measurement control unit capable of controlling to perform measurement for the observation object a plurality of times;
An external communication unit that communicates with the other earth observation device including reception of data about the observation object acquired by the other earth observation device;
An earth observation apparatus comprising:   The earth observation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an electromagnetic wave measurement unit that measures an electromagnetic wave from the observation target using a superconducting quantum interference device.   The earth observation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the superconducting quantum interference element has a coil structure.   The earth observation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the superconducting quantum interference element having the coil structure contains a substance having a high magnetic permeability.   The earth observation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the superconducting quantum interference element includes an aggregator for aggregating electromagnetic waves from the observation target. A terahertz wave generation unit that includes a terahertz (THz) wave transmitting element and generates a terahertz wave that irradiates the observation target;
A terahertz wave measuring unit that includes a terahertz (THz) wave receiving element and measures a terahertz wave from the observation target;
The earth observation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:   The earth observation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the terahertz wave transmitting element and the receiving element include a high dielectric constant material having a terahertz wave aggregation function.   The earth observation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the terahertz wave transmitting element and the receiving element include an aggregator for aggregating terahertz waves from the observation target.

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