CN112858300A - Method for determining morphological structures of different degradation gradient plant roots of alpine meadow - Google Patents
Method for determining morphological structures of different degradation gradient plant roots of alpine meadow Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining different degradation gradient plant root morphological structures of alpine meadows, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a plant root system; scanning a root system picture; and acquiring root form parameters. The method is low in cost and good in effect, is convenient to operate for a user who scans a large number of root systems, improves the accuracy of the root system picture analysis result, and brings convenience for the analysis of the morphological structure of the plant root system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecology, and particularly relates to a method for determining different degradation gradient plant root morphological structures of alpine meadows.
Background
The root system is the dynamic interface between soil and plant, and the plant root system is an important organ for fixing and supporting plant bodies, and is a direct user of soil resources and an important contributor to yield. The root system runs in the soil vertically and horizontally, which is beneficial to forming a granular structure and improving the physical property of the soil, the air permeability and the permeability of the soil can be increased by the pores left after the root system is dead, and the activity of beneficial microorganisms can be promoted by certain chemical substances secreted by the root system, and meanwhile, the absorption of certain nutrient elements is also beneficial, and the chemical property and the biological property of the soil are improved. The root system configuration can reflect the ecological adaptability of the root system to the habitat of the root system, the stronger the adaptability is, the more competitive the overground part of the plant is, the more the plant can survive in the severe habitat, thereby influencing the community environment of the plant and reflecting the succession condition of the vegetation on a larger scale. Therefore, the research on the plant root system provides a theoretical basis for reasonably utilizing and improving grasslands, controlling degeneration, maintaining water and soil and cultivating pasture.
However, the root system is distributed underground in different configurations, which always restricts the accurate measurement of root system parameters and the progress of scientific research, but after years of continuous exploration of scholars, great progress is obtained in the method for researching the root system configuration. Traditional root system research methods include excavation, clod soil method, nail plate method, tube planting method, mesh bag method and the like, and the methods often need destructive sampling to separate root systems from soil. With the application of modern science and technology, non-destructive research methods such as an isotope tracing method, an underground root chamber and a micro root chamber appear. The methods do not need destructive sampling, avoid a careful, time-consuming and labor-consuming sampling procedure, but can only obtain some limited in-situ observation data, and are difficult to obtain complete and accurate root system morphological data.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for determining different degradation gradient plant root morphological structures of alpine meadows, which utilizes a traditional excavation method, a root scanning technology and modern computer analysis software to obtain more complete and accurate root morphological parameters, has low cost and good effect, is convenient for a user who performs a large amount of root scanning, improves the accuracy of root image analysis results, and brings convenience for plant root morphological structure analysis.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a method for determining different degradation gradient plant root morphological structures of an alpine meadow, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a plant root system;
step 2, scanning a root system picture;
and 3, obtaining the morphological parameters of the root system.
Optionally, the obtaining of the plant root system in the step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1, selecting plants: selecting plants which grow well and have sparse basal plants;
step 1.2, cleaning vegetation on the ground surface around the plants: cleaning the ground vegetation of 30 centimeters around the screened plants;
step 1.3, digging roots: selecting proper earthwork size according to the growth depth and lateral root amplitude of the root system of the selected plant by taking the selected plant as a center to ensure the integrity of the excavated root system of the plant;
step 1.4, earthwork finishing: carefully separating soil at the periphery of the earthwork far away from the root system of the taken plant by using a small shovel and a brush, wrapping the remaining underground part with tinfoil paper, filling the wrapped underground part into a self-sealing bag, and putting the underground part and the overground part into an ice box together to prevent the root system from being dehydrated and contracted and deformed for later use;
step 1.5, soaking: soaking the retrieved root system with the soil in water to keep the root system moist, so that the root system is easy to separate from the soil;
step 1.6, root system acquisition: slowly washing the excavated root system with clear water, and using tweezers and brush tools to assist in separating and cleaning the roots of the soil and other plants from the roots of the taken plants, and then obtaining a complete plant root system.
Optionally, the earthwork size in step 1.3 is 30cm by 30 cm.
Optionally, the scanning root system picture in step 2 specifically is:
step 2.1, removing any shielding object on the upper cover of the scanner, exposing the glass panel, and placing a transparent plastic root disc in the center of the panel;
2.2, adding purified water into the root disc to prevent small bubbles from being generated, putting the plant root system into the root disc, and fully dispersing the root system by using a glass rod or a plastic forceps to ensure that the root system is completely spread in water;
and 2.3, covering an upper cover plate of the scanner, covering the whole scanner with black cloth, and directly scanning the root system.
Optionally, the scanning parameter in step 2.3 is set to 8-bit gray scale, and the picture is output in a JPG or TIFF format.
Optionally, the acquiring of the root form parameters in step 3 specifically includes:
step 3.1, image acquisition: opening WinRHIO 2009 root analysis software, opening a folder where the root pictures are located, and starting to load the images;
step 3.2, creating an analysis area: after the image is loaded, the WinRHIO is in an analysis area mode and is used for creating or modifying an analysis area;
step 3.3, removing impurities: selecting Regions-Exclusion-Define to set default parameters before starting analysis, and removing impurities;
step 3.4, selecting a circular selection tool in the command area, selecting a rectangular or free form selector, framing the whole root system part, and starting analysis;
step 3.5, sample identification: after an analysis area is established, a sample identification window is displayed, the stored information is selected, the analysis is clicked or cancelled to stop the window, if the click is cancelled, another image needs to be loaded or the analysis is activated to restart before the next step is carried out, and the input information is stored as measurement data;
step 3.6, analysis: after the clicking of the sample marking window is finished, the WinRHIO starts to analyze and display a progress bar, the remaining analysis time is estimated, and if the analysis needs to be stopped, the keyboard S key is pressed for a long time;
step 3.7, finally clicking open one to add the measured data into a folder, if clicking create one, creating a new folder, and storing the data;
and 3.8, the stored data file is in a TXT file format, and finally the TXT text file is opened by Excel to export root system data.
Optionally, the root form parameters obtained in step 3 include: total root length, total projected area, total root surface area, average root diameter, total root volume and root tip number.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1) the invention realizes the collection of the complete root system of the specific plant in the alpine meadow; different radius sizes and depths are determined for different plants, so that the damage degree to the root system is reduced, and the integrity of the root system is kept to the maximum extent.
2) The invention improves the accuracy of the analysis result of the root scanning picture and brings convenience to root analysts; the depth and distribution amplitude of the root systems of different types of plants are clearly known about the morphological characteristics of the root systems.
3) The morphological parameters of the plant root system with different degradation gradients are different, so that the ecological adaptability of the root system to the environment is demonstrated, and the method has practical significance for the application and research of ecology.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the dimensions of the pick tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the present invention showing the size of the earth being excavated;
FIG. 3 is a scanned picture of the root system of a Poa annua plant of the present invention; wherein, a represents a scanning picture of the root system of the nondegraded sample plot, b represents a scanning picture of the root system of the slight degenerated sample plot, c represents a scanning picture of the root system of the moderate degenerated sample plot, and d represents a scanning picture of the root system of the severe degenerated sample plot;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation trend of the total root length of Poa annua under different degradation gradients;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the trend of the total surface area of Poa annua according to the present invention with different degradation gradients;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation trend of the total root volume of Poa annua under different degradation gradients;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation trend of the average root diameter of Poa annua under different degradation gradients;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the variation of the root tip number of Poa annua according to different degradation gradients;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the variation trend of the number of branches of bluegrass under different degradation gradients.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that how to implement the technical features of the present invention to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
Example 1
A method for determining different degradation gradient plant root morphological structures of alpine meadows comprises the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a plant root system:
step 1.1, selecting plants: selecting plants which grow well and have sparse basal plants;
step 1.2, cleaning vegetation on the ground surface around the plants: cleaning the ground vegetation around the screened plants by about 30 centimeters;
step 1.3, digging roots: selecting proper earthwork size according to the growth depth and lateral root amplitude of the root system of the selected plant by taking the selected plant as a center to ensure the integrity of the root system of the excavated plant, wherein the earthwork size is generally 30cm by 30 cm;
step 1.4, earthwork finishing: carefully separating soil at the periphery of the earthwork far away from the root system of the taken plant by using a small shovel and a brush, wrapping the remaining underground part with tinfoil paper, filling the wrapped underground part into a self-sealing bag, putting the self-sealing bag and the overground part into an ice box together, and preventing the root system from being dehydrated, contracted and deformed and being brought back to a laboratory;
step 1.5, soaking: the retrieved root system with the soil is soaked in water to keep the root system moist, so that the root system is easy to separate from the soil.
Step 1.6, root system acquisition: the dug root system is slowly washed by clear water, the soil and the roots of other plants are separated from the roots of the taken plants by the aid of tools such as tweezers, brushes and the like and are cleaned, and then the complete plant root system is obtained.
Step 2, scanning a root system picture:
step 2.1, removing any shielding object on the upper cover of the scanner to expose the glass panel, and placing a transparent plastic root disc in the center of the panel;
step 2.2, adding a proper amount of purified water (preventing small bubbles from being generated) into the root disc, putting the plant root system into the root disc, and fully dispersing the root system by using a glass rod or a plastic forceps to ensure that the root system is completely spread in water;
and 2.3, finally, covering an upper cover plate of the scanner, covering the whole scanner by using black cloth, setting scanning parameters to be 8-bit gray, directly scanning the root system, and outputting pictures in a JPG or TIFF format.
Step 3, obtaining root form parameters:
step 3.1, image acquisition: opening WinRHIO 2009 root analysis software, opening a folder where the root pictures are located, and starting to load the images;
step 3.2, creating an analysis area: after the image is loaded, the WinRHIO is in an analysis area mode and is used for creating or modifying an analysis area;
step 3.3, removing impurities: selecting Regions-Exclusion-Define to set default parameters before starting analysis, and removing impurities;
step 3.4, selecting a circular selection tool in the command area, selecting a rectangular or free form (lasso) selector, framing the whole root system part, and starting analysis;
step 3.5, sample identification: after the analysis area is established, a sample identification window is displayed, the stored information is selected, and the analysis is clicked or cancelled to stop the analysis (if the click is cancelled, another image needs to be loaded or the analysis is activated to restart before the next step is carried out), and the input information is stored as the measurement data;
step 3.6, analysis: after the sample marker window click is completed, WinRHIZO begins analyzing and displaying the progress bar, and the remaining analysis time is estimated. If the analysis needs to be stopped, the keyboard is pressed by a long S key;
step 3.7, finally clicking open one to add the measured data into a folder, if clicking create one, creating a new folder, and storing the data;
and 3.8, the stored data file is in a TXT file format, and finally the TXT text file is opened by Excel to export root system data.
The obtained root form parameters comprise: total root length, total projected area, total root surface area, average root diameter, total root volume and root tip number.
Step 4, analyzing root form parameters: taking the poa annua as an example, the variation trend of the root system morphological structure of the plant in different degradation gradients is analyzed, and specific parameters comprise total root length, total surface area, total root volume, average root diameter, root tip number and bifurcation number (table 1).
TABLE 1 Mean values of root System parameters (Mean. + -. SE) for plants tested
Note: and 4, a degradation grade division standard, namely according to the use condition and the degradation degree of the grassland, referring to the evaluation grade standard of the grassland in Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the grading standard of natural grassland degradation, desertification and salinization in GB 19377-2003, taking the plant species composition, the vegetation coverage, the aboveground biomass, the surface soil thickness and the like of each plot as main reference standards for dividing the degradation degree of the alpine meadow, and selecting four gradients of non-degradation, slight degradation, moderate degradation and severe degradation.
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 4 to 9, from the states of different degradation degrees, the total root length, the root tip number and the branch number of the plant root system all show a gradually decreasing trend with the deepening of the degradation degree, and the change is more obvious; the average diameter of the root system shows a gradually increasing trend, and the severe change is obvious.
The root tip is the most active part of the root system physiological activity and plays an important role in absorbing water, nutrients and the like of the root system, the root tip cell is related to the metabolic capability of the root, and the stronger the metabolic capability of the root is, the higher the activity of the root tip cell is. As the degree of deterioration increases, the number of the root tips gradually decreases, indicating that the root tips are affected by the soil deterioration.
The root branching number comprises all lateral roots, and the distribution range of the multiple root systems in the soil space is larger as the branching number is larger, so that the root system is more favorable for absorbing metabolism and exerting the soil fixation and water storage capacity. Along with the reduction of the root tip number and the bifurcation number of the plant root system, the total root length and the total surface area of the root system are affected. The capacity of the plant root system for absorbing water and nutrients depends on the root length, and the longer the total root length is, the stronger the root expansion capacity is, and the larger the space of the root system for utilizing water and nutrients in soil is.
From the trend of the total surface area of the root system, the surface area of the root system is firstly reduced, then increased and then reduced as the degradation degree is increased. The surface area of the root system directly reflects the combination area of the root and the soil, the larger the combination area is, the more beneficial the absorption of the root system to inorganic nutrient substances is, and the increase of the surface area indicates that the root system enlarges the utilization range of nutrients in the soil body and determines the ecological adaptability of the root system to the environment.
The total root length and the total root surface area are important indexes for reflecting the absorption efficiency and the capacity of the root system. The root system is used as an interface between the plant and the soil, and various compounds are released to the periphery of the root in a root secretion mode while absorbing water and nutrients from the soil to generate a rhizosphere effect so as to regulate or influence the growth and development of the plant, which has practical significance in application research.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for determining the morphological structure of different degradation gradient plant roots of alpine meadows is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, obtaining a plant root system;
step 2, scanning a root system picture;
and 3, obtaining the morphological parameters of the root system.
2. The determination method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the plant root system in the step 1 is specifically:
step 1.1, selecting plants: selecting plants which grow well and have sparse basal plants;
step 1.2, cleaning vegetation on the ground surface around the plants: cleaning the ground vegetation of 30 centimeters around the screened plants;
step 1.3, digging roots: selecting proper earthwork size according to the growth depth and lateral root amplitude of the root system of the selected plant by taking the selected plant as a center to ensure the integrity of the excavated root system of the plant;
step 1.4, earthwork finishing: carefully separating soil at the periphery of the earthwork far away from the root system of the taken plant by using a small shovel and a brush, wrapping the remaining underground part with tinfoil paper, filling the wrapped underground part into a self-sealing bag, and putting the underground part and the overground part into an ice box together to prevent the root system from being dehydrated and contracted and deformed for later use;
step 1.5, soaking: soaking the retrieved root system with the soil in water to keep the root system moist, so that the root system is easy to separate from the soil;
step 1.6, root system acquisition: slowly washing the excavated root system with clear water, and using tweezers and brush tools to assist in separating and cleaning the roots of the soil and other plants from the roots of the taken plants, and then obtaining a complete plant root system.
3. The assay of claim 2, wherein the earth size in step 1.3 is 30cm by 30 cm.
4. The determination method according to claim 1, wherein the scanned root system picture in step 2 is specifically:
step 2.1, removing any shielding object on the upper cover of the scanner, exposing the glass panel, and placing a transparent plastic root disc in the center of the panel;
2.2, adding purified water into the root disc to prevent small bubbles from being generated, putting the plant root system into the root disc, and fully dispersing the root system by using a glass rod or a plastic forceps to ensure that the root system is completely spread in water;
and 2.3, covering an upper cover plate of the scanner, covering the whole scanner with black cloth, and directly scanning the root system.
5. The assay of claim 4, wherein the scan parameter in step 2.3 is set to 8-bit grayscale and the picture output is in JPG or TIFF format.
6. The determination method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of root morphology parameters in step 3 specifically comprises:
step 3.1, image acquisition: opening WinRHIO 2009 root analysis software, opening a folder where the root pictures are located, and starting to load the images;
step 3.2, creating an analysis area: after the image is loaded, the WinRHIO is in an analysis area mode and is used for creating or modifying an analysis area;
step 3.3, removing impurities: selecting Regions-Exclusion-Define to set default parameters before starting analysis, and removing impurities;
step 3.4, selecting a circular selection tool in the command area, selecting a rectangular or free form selector, framing the whole root system part, and starting analysis;
step 3.5, sample identification: after an analysis area is established, a sample identification window is displayed, the stored information is selected, the analysis is clicked or cancelled to stop the window, if the click is cancelled, another image needs to be loaded or the analysis is activated to restart before the next step is carried out, and the input information is stored as measurement data;
step 3.6, analysis: after the clicking of the sample marking window is finished, the WinRHIO starts to analyze and display a progress bar, the remaining analysis time is estimated, and if the analysis needs to be stopped, the keyboard S key is pressed for a long time;
step 3.7, finally clicking open one to add the measured data into a folder, if clicking create one, creating a new folder, and storing the data;
and 3.8, the stored data file is in a TXT file format, and finally the TXT text file is opened by Excel to export root system data.
7. An assay method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the root morphology parameters obtained in step 3 include: total root length, total projected area, total root surface area, average root diameter, total root volume and root tip number.
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| CN114287260A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-08 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Wheat root system cultivation device and whole root system acquisition method |
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