CN112857505A - Emergency measurement method for whole process of rapid fluctuation water level - Google Patents
Emergency measurement method for whole process of rapid fluctuation water level Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种急速涨落水位全过程应急递测方法，该方法包括急速涨落水位递次预测方法、标识点递次选择与固定方法、水迹观测与记载方法、水位现场实时测量方法等。通过本发明解决了因急速涨落导致水文站水位超量程或自记设备失效引起的观测过程中断、无水位观测设施河段无法开展水位过程现场测量、特征水位事后调查精度不足等问题，并确保观测人员生命安全。
The present invention provides an emergency sequential measurement method for the whole process of rapid fluctuation of water level. Wait. The invention solves the problems such as the interruption of the observation process caused by the rapid fluctuation of the water level of the hydrological station or the failure of the self-recording equipment, the inability to carry out the on-site measurement of the water level process in the river section without water level observation facilities, and the insufficient accuracy of the post-event investigation of the characteristic water level, and ensures Observer life safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological test application, in particular to an emergency measurement method for the whole process of rapid fluctuation water level.
Background
When emergencies such as barrier lake and dam breach occur, the hydrological conditions of upstream and downstream rivers and inside and outside the dam are changed greatly, and in order to ensure the safety of upstream and downstream river sections and process various possible dangerous situations in time, more comprehensive and complete hydrological information of different places of the upstream and downstream river sections is often needed. At present, water level information is mainly obtained by observing a water level process through a hydrological station, however, the break mouths of a barrier lake and a dam can cause changes such as upstream water withdrawal, rapid increase of water level fluctuation and rapid acceleration of flow velocity in the downstream water rising process, and the problems that the actual amplitude of water level exceeds the existing water level observation range of the hydrological station, failure of a water level self-recording device and the like are caused, temporary installation of a water level observation facility is not allowed in time, observers are in huge life safety threat, meanwhile, the contingency of the barrier lake place is that no water level observation facility exists at all in a monitoring river reach, on-site observation is often abandoned under the condition, hydrological investigation is carried out after the water level rapid fluctuation event is caused, characteristic water level measurement such as the highest water level and the lowest water level is carried out, and the whole water level change process.
According to the change characteristics of the water level fluctuation trend generated by the water level rapid fluctuation event, the field real-time monitoring of the whole water level process is carried out under the condition of no water level observation facility, and the method is one of the current technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an emergency measurement method for the whole process of rapidly rising and falling water level aiming at the defects of the prior art, and solves the problem of on-site real-time monitoring of the whole process of water level under the condition of no water level observation facility.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an emergency measurement method for the whole process of rapid fluctuation water level, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the rapid fluctuation water level successive prediction method comprises the following steps: according to the type of the event causing the rapid fluctuation of the water level and the characteristics of the water and rain condition when the event occurs, a professional prediction model and a professional prediction method are adopted to carry out the prediction of the fluctuation trend and the turning point of the water level of the specific river reach and carry out the water level process prediction in a progressive way aiming at the actual turning point;
s2, a method for progressively selecting and fixing the identification points comprises the following steps: determining the fluctuation range and the fluctuation rate of the water level according to the water level process forecasting result, and selecting points with obvious identification characteristics as identification points on a firm natural or artificial structure;
if the distance between adjacent identification points is larger, the identification points are supplemented by sticking, binding or depicting adhesive strips, rulers or marks with obvious light reflection, and all the identification points are numbered successively
The hydrological station only numbers the identification points which exceed the water level measurement range; if the time or the condition allows, all the identification points are measured according to the water level field real-time measurement method
Elevation value of
；
S3, water trace observation and recording method: in a safe place with good visibility with the identification point, according to the water level process forecast result, the early stage water mark observation and the water level measurement time-consuming rule, the water mark arrival position in the next water mark observation and water level measurement is recurred, the water mark observation instrument is aligned to the identification point closest to the water mark in advance, the relation between the water mark and the identification point is observed, and the water mark arrival identification point is recorded
Time of
(ii) a If all the identification points are
If the elevation value is measured, the water mark arrival identification point is recorded at the same time
Time of
And corresponding elevation
；
S4, a water level field real-time measuring method: the total station is arranged at a safe place which is well communicated with the identification point, and aims at the identification point reached by the water mark
Measuring vertical angle of not less than 2 measured returns
Measuring distance of micro-moving distance measuring target
Push-button
Calculating the identification point
And taking the average value after the gross error is removed, wherein,
the sum of the height of the sight line of the instrument, the height of the measuring station and the height of the instrument;
the vertical angle index difference;
correcting the ball air difference;
is the refractive index of the atmosphere;
636900km for the radius of the earth;
is the divergence angle of the total station;
elevation value of
I.e. by
The water level; and measuring all or most of the elevations of the identification points to obtain the whole water level process.
Further, the types of events that cause rapid water level surges include, but are not limited to, unforeseen events of barrage lake formation or breakdown, dam breakdown.
Further, the specific river reach value causes the influence of the water level rapid fluctuation event on the upstream and downstream river reach, including but not limited to the river reach of a hydrological station, a flood control point, an important city, an important project, a residential gathering place and a sharp change point of a river form.
Further, the emergency measurement system is an observation task which is developed step by step according to the water level turning point to meet the treatment requirement of the event causing the rapid rise and fall of the water level.
Further, in the rapid fluctuation water level successive prediction method, the professional prediction model or method includes, but is not limited to, models or methods based on the principles of hydrology, hydraulics and statistics.
Further, in the rapid fluctuation water level successive prediction method, the turning point refers to a time point at which a fluctuation trend of the water level changes due to human interference or an emergency.
Further, in the identification point hierarchical selection and fixation method, the firm natural or artificial structures include, but are not limited to, over-range water level self-recording well bores, stone walls, firm house walls, utility poles, and objects which are not easily washed out or damaged.
Further, in the water mark observation and recording method, the safety place is a place which is near an observation point and is above the highest water level and can ensure the safety of personnel.
Further, in the water track observation and recording method, the water track observation includes, but is not limited to, observing the water surface condition by means of vision, a telescope, a camera, a high-definition camera, a theodolite, a total station and the like.
Further, in the water level on-site real-time measurement method, the on-site real-time measurement refers to direct observation in the whole process from the site to the end of treatment of a river section causing a rapid water level fluctuation event, and is different from characteristic water level survey measurement for collecting data after the end of treatment of the rapid water level fluctuation event.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the problem of interruption of the observation process caused by over-range of the water level of the hydrological station or failure of the self-recording equipment due to rapid fluctuation is solved; the water level process field observation cannot be carried out on the water level-free facility river reach; the characteristic water level is investigated after the fact, the precision is not enough, and the like, and the life safety of observers is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural flow chart of an emergency measurement method for the whole process of rapid fluctuation and falling water level according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an emergency measurement method for the whole process of rapid fluctuation of water level includes the following steps:
s1, the rapid fluctuation water level successive prediction method comprises the following steps: according to the type of the event causing the rapid fluctuation of the water level and the characteristics of the water and rain condition when the event occurs, a professional prediction model and a professional prediction method are adopted to carry out the prediction of the fluctuation trend and the turning point of the water level of the specific river reach and carry out the water level process prediction in a progressive way aiming at the actual turning point;
s2, a method for progressively selecting and fixing the identification points comprises the following steps: determining the fluctuation range and the fluctuation rate of the water level according to the water level process forecasting result, and selecting points with obvious identification characteristics as identification points on a firm natural or artificial structure;
if the distance between adjacent identification points is larger, the identification points are supplemented by sticking, binding or depicting adhesive strips, rulers or marks with obvious light reflection, and all the identification points are numbered successively
The hydrological station only numbers the identification points which exceed the water level measurement range; if the time or the condition allows, all the identification points are measured according to the water level field real-time measurement method
Elevation value of
；
S3, water trace observation and recording method: in a safe place with good visibility with the identification point, according to the water level process forecast result, the early stage water mark observation and the water level measurement time-consuming rule, the water mark arrival position in the next water mark observation and water level measurement is recurred, the water mark observation instrument is aligned to the identification point closest to the water mark in advance, the relation between the water mark and the identification point is observed, and the water mark arrival identification point is recorded
Time of
(ii) a If all the identification points are
If the elevation value is measured, the water mark arrival identification point is recorded at the same time
Time of
And corresponding elevation
；
S4, a water level field real-time measuring method: the total station is arranged at a safe place which is well communicated with the identification point, and aims at the identification point reached by the water mark
Measuring vertical angle of not less than 2 measured returns
Measuring distance of micro-moving distance measuring target
Push-button
Calculating the identification point
And taking the average value after the gross error is removed, wherein,
the sum of the height of the sight line of the instrument, the height of the measuring station and the height of the instrument;
the vertical angle index difference;
correcting the ball air difference;
is the refractive index of the atmosphere;
636900km for the radius of the earth;
is the divergence angle of the total station;
elevation value of
I.e. by
The water level; and measuring all or most of the elevations of the identification points to obtain the whole water level process.
The types of events that cause rapid water level surges include, but are not limited to, unforeseen events of barrage lake formation or breakdown, dam breakdown.
The specific river reach value causes the influence of the water level rapid fluctuation event on the upstream and downstream river reaches, including but not limited to the river reach of hydrologic stations, flood control points, important cities, important projects, residential concentration areas and river form rapid change points.
And the emergency measurement is an observation task which is developed step by step according to the water level turning point to meet the treatment requirement of the event causing the rapid rise and fall of the water level.
In the rapid fluctuation water level successive prediction method, the professional prediction forecasting model or method comprises but is not limited to a model or method based on the principles of hydrology, hydraulics and statistics.
In the rapid fluctuation water level successive prediction method, the turning point refers to a time point at which the fluctuation trend of the water level changes due to human interference or an emergency.
In the identification point successive selection and fixation method, the firm natural or artificial structures include but are not limited to over-range water level self-recording well bores, stone walls, firm house walls, telegraph poles, and objects which are not easy to wash out or damage.
In the water mark observation and recording method, the safe place is a place which is near an observation point and is above the highest water level and can ensure the safety of personnel.
In the water track observation and recording method, the water track observation includes, but is not limited to, observing the water surface condition by means of vision, telescopes, cameras, high-definition cameras, theodolites, total stations and the like.
The on-site real-time measurement method of the water level refers to the direct observation of the whole process from the site to the end of treatment of the river section causing the rapid water level fluctuation event, and is different from the characteristic water level survey measurement for collecting data after the end of the treatment of the rapid water level fluctuation event.
Example one
(1) Prediction of rapid fluctuation water level
According to the type of the event causing the rapid fluctuation of the water level and the characteristics of the water and rain condition when the event occurs, a professional prediction model or a professional prediction method is adopted to carry out the prediction of the fluctuation trend and the turning point of the water level of the specific river reach and carry out the water level process prediction aiming at the actual turning point.
For example, various models such as rainfall precipitation sink and the like can be adopted to predict the water level rising process at the upstream of the formation of the barrier lake, and different methods such as a natural water-returning curve and the like can be adopted to predict the water level falling process at the downstream; the predicted time of arriving at the top of the dammed lake to break or artificially intervening the top break is taken as a turning point, the upstream is converted into various hydraulic models such as dynamic waves to predict the rapid descending process of the water level, and the downstream is converted into broken wave models such as dam break flood to predict the rapid ascending process of the water level.
(2) Identification point successive selection and fixation
According to the water level process forecasting result, the water level fluctuation range and the fluctuation rate are determined, and whether the water level fluctuation exceeds the water level observation range or not is judged in the existing hydrological station. Aiming at river reach beyond the water level observation range of non-water level observation facilities and hydrological stations, points with obvious identification characteristics are selected as identification points on objects which are difficult to wash or damage, such as water level self-recording well bodies, stone walls, firm house walls, telegraph poles and the like which exceed the range. If the distance between adjacent identification points is larger, the identification points are supplemented by sticking, binding or carving strips, rulers or marks with obvious light reflection, and all the identification points are numbered successively
And the hydrological station only numbers the identification points which exceed the water level measurement range.
(3) Observation and record of water trace
When the water mark is located above the highest water level which can influence the personnel safety, the water mark arrival position during the next water mark observation and water level measurement is recurred according to the water level process forecast result, the early water mark observation and the water level measurement time-consuming rule, the sight lines of a water mark observation instrument and a total station are aligned to the identification point closest to the water mark in advance, the relation between the water mark and the identification point is observed in the modes of vision, a telescope, a camera, a high-definition camera, a theodolite, the total station and the like, and the water mark arrival identification point is recorded
Time of
。
As time and conditional permits, all the identification points can be measured in advance as per (4)
Elevation value of
Later only recording water mark arriving identification point
Time of
Or a high-definition camera is adopted to continuously record the arrival time and the corresponding elevation of all the identification points, and the whole water level process can also be obtained.
(4) On-site real-time measurement of water level
The total station is arranged on a datum point which is well communicated with the identification point through a measuring datum point which is arranged in advance or temporarily arranged at a safe place, and the total station aims at the identification point reached by the water mark
Measuring vertical angle of not less than 2 measured returns
Measuring distance of micro-moving distance measuring target
Push-button
Calculating the identification point
And taking the height value of the obtained height data and the height value of the obtained height data after the gross error is removedThe mean value, wherein,
the sum of the height of the sight line of the instrument, the height of the measuring station and the height of the instrument;
the vertical angle index difference;
correcting the ball air difference;
is the refractive index of the atmosphere;
636900km for the radius of the earth;
is the divergence angle of the total station.
Elevation value of
I.e. by
The water level. And measuring all or most of the elevations of the identification points to obtain the whole water level process.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An emergency measurement method for the whole process of rapid fluctuation water level is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, the rapid fluctuation water level successive prediction method comprises the following steps: according to the type of the event causing the rapid fluctuation of the water level and the characteristics of the water and rain condition when the event occurs, a professional prediction model and a professional prediction method are adopted to carry out the prediction of the fluctuation trend and the turning point of the water level of the specific river reach and carry out the water level process prediction in a progressive way aiming at the actual turning point;
s2, a method for progressively selecting and fixing the identification points comprises the following steps: determining the fluctuation range and the fluctuation rate of the water level according to the water level process forecasting result, and selecting points with obvious identification characteristics as identification points on a firm natural or artificial structure;
if the distance between adjacent identification points is larger, the identification points are supplemented by sticking, binding or depicting adhesive strips, rulers or marks with obvious light reflection, and all the identification points are numbered successively
The hydrological station only numbers the identification points which exceed the water level measurement range; if the time or the condition allows, all the identification points are measured according to the water level field real-time measurement method
Elevation value of
；
S3, water trace observation and recording method: in a safe place with good visibility with the identification point, according to the water level process forecast result, the early stage water mark observation and the water level measurement time-consuming rule, the water mark arrival position in the next water mark observation and water level measurement is recurred, the water mark observation instrument is aligned to the identification point closest to the water mark in advance, the relation between the water mark and the identification point is observed, and the water mark arrival identification point is recorded
Time of
(ii) a If all the identification points are
If the elevation value is measured, the water mark arrival identification point is recorded at the same time
Time of
And corresponding elevation
；
S4, a water level field real-time measuring method: the total station is arranged at a safe place which is well communicated with the identification point, and aims at the identification point reached by the water mark
Measuring vertical angle of not less than 2 measured returns
Measuring distance of micro-moving distance measuring target
Push-button
Calculating the identification point
And taking the average value after the gross error is removed, wherein,
the sum of the height of the instrument sight line and the height of the survey station；
The vertical angle index difference;
correcting the ball air difference;
is the refractive index of the atmosphere;
636900km for the radius of the earth;
is the divergence angle of the total station;
elevation value of
I.e. by
The water level; and measuring all or most of the elevations of the identification points to obtain the whole water level process.
2. The method for emergently measuring the whole process of the rapidly rising and falling water level according to claim 1, wherein: the types of events that cause rapid water level surges include, but are not limited to, unforeseen events of barrage lake formation or breakdown, dam breakdown.
3. The method for emergently measuring the whole process of the rapidly rising and falling water level according to claim 1, wherein: the specific river reach value causes the influence of the water level rapid fluctuation event on the upstream and downstream river reaches, including but not limited to the river reach of hydrologic stations, flood control points, important cities, important projects, residential concentration areas and river form rapid change points.
4. The method for emergently measuring the whole process of the rapidly rising and falling water level according to claim 1, wherein: and the emergency measurement is an observation task which is developed step by step according to the water level turning point to meet the treatment requirement of the event causing the rapid rise and fall of the water level.
5. The method for emergently measuring the whole process of the rapidly rising and falling water level according to claim 1, wherein: in the rapid fluctuation water level successive prediction method, the professional prediction forecasting model or method comprises but is not limited to a model or method based on the principles of hydrology, hydraulics and statistics.
6. The method for emergently measuring the whole process of the rapidly rising and falling water level according to claim 1, wherein: in the rapid fluctuation water level successive prediction method, the turning point refers to a time point at which the fluctuation trend of the water level changes due to human interference or an emergency.
7. The method for emergently measuring the whole process of the rapidly rising and falling water level according to claim 1, wherein: in the identification point successive selection and fixation method, the firm natural or artificial structures include but are not limited to over-range water level self-recording well bores, stone walls, firm house walls, telegraph poles, and objects which are not easy to wash out or damage.
8. The method for emergently measuring the whole process of the rapidly rising and falling water level according to claim 1, wherein: in the water mark observing and recording method, the safe place is a place which is near an observation point, is above the highest water level which can be influenced and can ensure the safety of personnel.
9. The method for emergently measuring the whole process of the rapidly rising and falling water level according to claim 1, wherein: in the water track observation and recording method, the water track observation includes, but is not limited to, observing the water surface by means of vision, telescopes, cameras, high-definition cameras, theodolites, total stations and the like.
10. The method for emergently measuring the whole process of the rapidly rising and falling water level according to claim 1, wherein: the on-site real-time measurement method of the water level refers to the direct observation of the whole process from the site to the end of treatment of the river section causing the rapid water level fluctuation event, and is different from the characteristic water level survey measurement for collecting data after the end of the treatment of the rapid water level fluctuation event.
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