CN112857160B - Method for predicting explosion hazard in complex environment - Google Patents
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/08—Wrecking of buildings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment, which comprises the following steps: firstly, surveying buildings in an explosion area, analyzing the types of the buildings in the explosion area, and measuring the shortest distance from an explosion point to each building in the explosion area; step two, calculating the safety distance of the flying stone, comparing the safety distance with the set warning range, and judging the safety of the set warning range; and thirdly, calculating and verifying the influence of blasting on each building in the blasting area, wherein the influence of blasting vibration on each building in the blasting area and the influence of blasting shock waves on the building in the blasting area are specifically included. The invention orderly analyzes the hazard process of blasting event, and the result accords with the fact, thus providing the direction for construction production and avoiding the occurrence of adverse results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting in the building industry, in particular to a method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment.
Background
Among the types of engineering blasting, chamber blasting is an earlier form of blasting that is currently rarely used as awareness of natural environmental protection increases. With the appearance of novel rock drilling machines, the perforation efficiency is improved, and the deep hole blasting is the main method of the existing engineering blasting. In precision blasting, demolition blasting and oil and gas well perforation blasting are widely used. Because of the specificity of blasting equipment and the special policies on this aspect, while blasting theory has improved a lot, and many new materials are emerging in equipment, most of them are limited to universities and important industries in the scientific research sector. In the blasting of wide construction, practitioners often have a poor and not high awareness level.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment, which aims to solve the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for predicting explosion hazard in complex environment comprises the following steps: firstly, surveying buildings in an explosion area, analyzing the types of the buildings in the explosion area, and measuring the shortest distance from an explosion point to each building in the explosion area; step two, calculating the safety distance of the flying stone, comparing the safety distance with the set warning range, and judging the safety of the set warning range; and thirdly, calculating and verifying the influence of blasting on each building in the blasting area, wherein the influence of blasting vibration on each building in the blasting area and the influence of blasting shock waves on the building in the blasting area are specifically included.
Further, the calculation formula of the flying stone safety distance in the second step is r=20kn W;
wherein R is the safe distance of flying stones;
n is the blasting effect index;
w is the minimum resistance wire length;
k is a safety coefficient.
Further, in the third step, the influence of the blasting vibration on the building in the blasting area is compared by using particle vibration velocity, and the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is V Quality of the body =k (Q (1/3)/R) ≡α; comparing the calculated particle vibration speed with the maximum safe allowable particle speed of the building, and judging the influence of blasting vibration on the building in the blasting area;
wherein V is Quality of the body Is particle vibration velocity;
r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion region and the protection object;
k, alpha is an attenuation coefficient;
q is the single-stage maximum dosage.
Further, in the third step, the building in the explosion vibration explosion region is explodedThe influence of objects is carried out by firstly calculating particle vibration velocity caused by explosion, then calculating seismic intensity caused by explosion, and finally judging the influence of explosion vibration on buildings in an explosion area by comparing the calculated seismic intensity with the seismic intensity designed by the buildings; the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is V Quality of the body =k (Q (1/3)/R)/(α), the seismic intensity formula is n=ln (14V) Quality of the body ）/Ln2；
Wherein N is earthquake intensity;
V quality of the body Is particle vibration velocity;
r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion region and the protection object;
k, alpha is an attenuation coefficient;
q is the single-stage maximum dosage.
Further, the influence of the blasting impact wave on the buildings in the explosion area in the third step comprises the influence of the blasting impact wave on the high-voltage line on the explosion area; when verifying the influence of blasting shock waves on high-voltage lines on an explosion area, firstly calculating the shock wave overpressure caused by the blasting, wherein the calculation formula of the shock wave overpressure is P=0.84 (Q (1/3)/R) +2.7 (Q (2/3)/R) +7Q/R;
wherein P is the overpressure of the shock wave;
r is the average distance between the high-voltage line and the explosion region;
q is TNT equivalent of a single segment;
then calculating the action time T=1.5X10 (-3) R (1/2) Q (1/3) of the positive pressure region of the explosion shock wave; when analysis is performed by taking the length of the high-voltage line 1m as a unit body, Δpst=mv Wire (C) Thereby obtaining V Wire (C) =ΔPST/M；
Wherein S is the pressure receiving area of a high-voltage line with the length of 1 m;
m is the mass of a high-voltage line with the length of 1M;
V wire (C) Initial velocity of upward ejection of 1m long high-voltage wire for blasting;
Δp is the overpressure peak average Δp=p/2;
the unit body is used for assuming that the unit body is separated from the stress connection of two ends and is independently in a size of V Wire (C) Is ejected upward, then for a time t=v Wire (C) And/9.8, thereby obtaining a height h=v of upward ejection of the unit body Wire (C) T－0.5gT²；
And comparing the height H of the upward ejection of the unit body with twice of the average distance between the high-voltage line in the actually-measured explosion area and the base line, and judging the damage of the explosion shock wave to the trans-regional high-voltage line.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the hazard process of blasting event occurrence is orderly analyzed, the result accords with the fact, the direction can be provided for construction production, and adverse results are avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, based on the examples herein, which are within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims, will be within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
The invention provides a method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment, which comprises the following steps: firstly, surveying buildings in an explosion area, analyzing the types of the buildings in the explosion area, and measuring the shortest distance from an explosion point to each building in the explosion area; step two, calculating the safety distance of the flying stone, comparing the safety distance with the set warning range, and judging the safety of the set warning range; and thirdly, calculating and verifying the influence of blasting on each building in the blasting area, wherein the influence of blasting vibration on each building in the blasting area and the influence of blasting shock waves on the building in the blasting area are specifically included.
The calculation formula of the flying stone safety distance in the second step is R=20KN W; wherein R is the safe distance of flying stones; n is the blasting effect index; w is the minimum resistance wire length; k is a safety coefficient.
In the third step of the invention, the influence of the blasting vibration on the buildings in the blasting area is compared by adopting particle vibration velocity, and the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is V Quality of the body =k (Q (1/3)/R) ≡α; comparing the calculated particle vibration speed with the maximum safe allowable particle speed of the building, and judging the influence of blasting vibration on the building in the blasting area; wherein V is Quality of the body Is particle vibration velocity; r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion region and the protection object; k, alpha is an attenuation coefficient; q is the single-stage maximum dosage.
The influence of the explosion vibration on the buildings in the explosion area is carried out by firstly calculating particle vibration speed caused by explosion, then calculating seismic intensity caused by explosion, and finally judging the influence of the explosion vibration on the buildings in the explosion area by comparing the calculated seismic intensity with the seismic intensity designed by the buildings; the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is V Quality of the body =k (Q (1/3)/R)/(α), the seismic intensity formula is n=ln (14V) Quality of the body ) /Ln2; wherein N is earthquake intensity; v (V) Quality of the body Is particle vibration velocity; r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion region and the protection object; k, alpha is an attenuation coefficient; q is the single-stage maximum dosage.
The influence of the blasting shock wave on the buildings in the explosion area in the third step mainly comprises the influence of the blasting shock wave on the overhead high-voltage line on the explosion area; when verifying the influence of blasting shock waves on high-voltage lines on an explosion area, firstly calculating the shock wave overpressure caused by the blasting, wherein the calculation formula of the shock wave overpressure is P=0.84 (Q (1/3)/R) +2.7 (Q (2/3)/R) +7Q/R; wherein P is the overpressure of the shock wave; r is the average distance between the high-voltage line and the explosion region; q is TNT equivalent of a single segment;
then calculate the explosionThe action time T=1.5X10 (-3) R (1/2) Q (1/3) of the positive pressure area of the shock wave; when analysis is performed by taking the length of the high-voltage line 1m as a unit body, Δpst=mv Wire (C) Thereby obtaining V Wire (C) =Δpst/M; wherein S is the pressure receiving area of a high-voltage line with the length of 1 m; m is the mass of a high-voltage line with the length of 1M; v (V) Wire (C) Initial velocity of upward ejection of 1m long high-voltage wire for blasting; Δp is the overpressure peak average Δp=p/2;
the unit body is used for assuming that the unit body is separated from the stress connection of two ends and is independently in a size of V Wire (C) Is ejected upward, then for a time t=v Wire (C) And/9.8, thereby obtaining a height h=v of upward ejection of the unit body Wire (C) T-0.5 gT; and comparing the height H of the upward ejection of the unit body with twice of the average distance between the high-voltage line in the actually-measured explosion area and the base line, and judging the damage of the explosion shock wave to the trans-regional high-voltage line.
The following is a list of one example of the invention in its implementation:
introduction of blasting construction environment: referring to fig. 1 and 2, in order to change the water flow situation of the tail water and flood discharge of the power station, the left bank slope needs to be excavated according to design requirements, the mountain body of the bank slope is hard rock, and a deep hole blasting excavation mode is adopted.
The height difference between the top of the bank slope and the water surface of the river is 30-37 m, the horizontal distance between the excavated surface of the bank slope and the dam is 90m, the horizontal distance between the excavated surface of the bank slope and the power plant is 110m, the height difference between the excavated surface of the bank slope and the power plant is 25m, and a river-crossing high-voltage outlet of a power plant is arranged 15m above the excavated area. The construction side slope is 180m away from the power generation factory building, and the height of the construction side slope is 13.5m away from the high-voltage line and 9m away from the high-voltage line tower.
The river-crossing high-voltage line is a steel-cored aluminum strand, the outer diameter is 25.2mm, the weight is 1.402kg/m, and the span of the high-voltage line is 350m. If the fixed point of the high-voltage line and the line tower is taken as an end point, a straight line passing through the two end points is taken as a base line, and the average distance between the high-voltage line and the base line in the actually measured explosion area is 5.5m.
According to the blasting scheme, 2.4T emulsion explosive is needed for the first layer of excavation, MS17 is filled in the hole, the outside of the hole is connected by MS5 in a sectioning mode for delay, 20 sections are respectively detonated, and the total time from the initiation of detonation to the end of the detonation zone is 3.4s.
(1) Verifying safety of flying stone in explosion area
The length of the resistance wire is 2.5m, and the plugging length is 3.0-3.5 m. The rock mass can be moved towards the direction of the free face with small resistance line, the direction of adjusting the free face is equal to the direction of adjusting the flying stone, and the free face is adjusted to the downstream of the river channel. The plugging length is greater than the length of the resistance line so that the horizontal working surface is not used as a temporary surface and is not used for flying upwards for blasting. There is still a small particle size stone splash at the hole caused by the blasting vibration on this horizontal working surface, so the entire blast area is covered with the grass felt after networking is finished. The safety distance of the flying stone to the personnel and the livestock can be as follows,
R=20KN²W
wherein, R is the safe distance of the flying stone, m;
n-blasting action index, n=r/W, since loose blasting N takes 0.45;
w-minimum resistance line length, m, taking 2.5m;
k is a safety coefficient, and 2.0 is taken;
R=20×2×0.45²×2.5=20.25m；
the safety protocol 300m is adopted as an alert range, which is larger than the theoretical value obtained by calculation.
(2) Verifying influence of blasting vibration on power generation plant
Comparing the vibration velocity of the particles, V Quality of the body =K（Q^（1/3）/R）^α
V Quality of the body Particle vibration velocity, cm/s;
the horizontal distance between the center of the R-explosion region and the protection object, m, and R=110m;
k, α -attenuation coefficient, since hard rock k=100, α=1.4;
q-single-stage maximum dose kg, q=2400×260/(20×320) =97.5 kg (converted to standard explosive)
V Quality of the body =100×0.01176×0.09356=0.11cm/s
This value is far lower than the maximum safe allowable particle vibration velocity of 0.5cm/s for a power plant specified in the blasting safety regulations (GB 6722-2014).
(3) Verifying influence of blasting vibration on dam
The influence of blasting on the dam is not required by the current specification, and can be checked from the aspect of the designed seismic intensity of the dam. Through checking the geological description of the dam design, the seismic intensity of the dam design is 7 levels. Particle velocity due to blasting is
V Quality of the body =K（Q^（1/3）/R）^α=100（97.5^（1/3）/90）^1.4=1.56cm/s
1.56cm/s was substituted into the seismic intensity formula
2^N=14V Quality of the body
N-seismic intensity;
wherein V is Quality of the body Vibration velocity of particles, cm/s;
N=Ln（14V quality of the body ）/Ln2=4.5；
This data is less than the seismic intensity level 7 of the dam design, so the dam is safe.
(4) Verifying influence of blast shock wave overpressure on high-voltage line spanned by 15m above explosion zone
Impact damage of blasting flyrock to high-voltage line can be avoided by adjusting blasting parameters to control the direction of flyrock, but impact wave overpressure cannot avoid the influence of high-voltage line, and the impact wave overpressure mainly shows that large overpressure can cause too large swing pair of high-voltage line, and damage or even destruction of line tower and wire is caused beyond design range. The tension force of the wire caused by the external force is not accurately calculated, but only the range of the swing amplitude of the wire is approximately estimated. The wire between the two towers is a catenary in a natural state, the expression form of the wire is hyperbolic cosine, and if any point A on the catenary is taken, the distance between the point A and a base line is L, and the base line is a straight line of the position where the high-voltage wire does not droop. If the point A swings up and down and back and forth under the action of external force and the distance between the point A and the base line is not greater than L, the external force can not cause stress damage to the lead and the line tower as known from the mechanical principle. Based on this criterion we perform the following calculations:
overpressure peak value of high-voltage wire at 15m position in air by explosion shock wave
P=0.84（Q^（1/3）/R）+2.7（Q^（2/3）/R²）+7Q/R³
In the formula, P-shock wave superpressure is 10 5 pa；
The average distance between the R-high voltage line and the explosion area is R=15m;
q-single stage TNT equivalent, kg, q=97.5×320/460=67.8 kg (converted to TNT explosive amount).
Substituting each parameter p=0.23+0.20+0.14=0.57×10 after substitution 5 pa；
Time of action of positive pressure region of explosion shock wave
T=1.5X10 (-3) R (1/2) Q (1/3), calculated as T=0.0237 s;
taking the peak overpressure value average Δp=p/2=0.285×10≡5pa, the actual average value is actually much smaller than this data, and the overpressure value decreases exponentially over the positive pressure zone action time.
For the convenience of calculation, the length of the lead 1m is taken as a unit body for analysis
ΔPST=MV Wire (C)
Wherein, the pressure receiving area of the S-1m long wire is S= 0.0252 multiplied by 1= 0.0252 mR;
mass of M-1M long wire, m=1.402 kg;
V wire (C) =ΔPST/M=0.285×10 5 ×0.0252×0.0237/1.402=12.1m/s
The unit body is used for supposing that the stress connection at two ends is separated, and the unit body is singly used as V Wire (C) Initial velocity of 12.1m/s, then time t=v/9.8=12.1/9.8=1.23 s;
so the height h=vt-0.5 gT of the upward ejection of the unit body=12.1×1.23-4.9×1.23=7.47 m;
7.47m < 5.5x2=11m, the blast shock wave is far insufficient to cause damage to the trans-regional high voltage line and the two-terminal line tower.
From the analysis of the above aspects, it can be seen that the blasting mode in the embodiment is safe and feasible.
The invention uses the existing theoretical formula and principle combination to orderly analyze the hazard process of blasting event occurrence, check important buildings and local important protection components, and carry out stress estimation on the protected objects in the effective overpressure area of the shock waves, so as to ensure that the protected objects are not damaged by overload, the result accords with the fact, and the invention can provide a direction for construction production and avoid adverse results.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment, comprising the steps of: firstly, surveying buildings in an explosion area, analyzing the types of the buildings in the explosion area, and measuring the shortest distance from an explosion point to each building in the explosion area; step two, calculating the safety distance of the flying stone, comparing the safety distance with the set warning range, and judging the safety of the set warning range; thirdly, calculating and verifying the influence of blasting on each building in the blasting area, wherein the influence of blasting vibration on each building in the blasting area and the influence of blasting shock waves on the building in the blasting area are specifically included;
the influence of the explosion shock wave on the buildings in the explosion zone in the third step comprises the influence of the explosion shock wave on the high-voltage line on the explosion zone; when verifying the influence of blasting shock waves on high-voltage lines on an explosion area, firstly calculating the shock wave overpressure caused by the blasting, wherein the calculation formula of the shock wave overpressure is P=0.84 (Q (1/3)/R) +2.7 (Q (2/3)/R) +7Q/R;
wherein P is the overpressure of the shock wave;
r is the average distance between the high-voltage line and the explosion region;
q is TNT equivalent of a single segment;
then calculating the action time T=1.5X10 (-3) R (1/2) Q (1/3) of the positive pressure region of the explosion shock wave; when analysis is performed by taking the length of the high-voltage line 1m as a unit body, Δpst=mv Wire (C) Thereby obtaining V Wire (C) =ΔPST/M；
Wherein S is the pressure receiving area of a high-voltage line with the length of 1 m;
m is the mass of a high-voltage line with the length of 1M;
V wire (C) Initial velocity of upward ejection of 1m long high-voltage wire for blasting;
Δp is the overpressure peak average Δp=p/2;
the unit body is used for assuming that the unit body is separated from the stress connection of two ends and is independently in a size of V Wire (C) Is ejected upward, then for a time t=v Wire (C) And/9.8, thereby obtaining a height h=v of upward ejection of the unit body Wire (C) T－0.5gT²；
And comparing the height H of the upward ejection of the unit body with twice of the average distance between the high-voltage line in the actually-measured explosion area and the base line, and judging the damage of the explosion shock wave to the trans-regional high-voltage line.
2. The method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment of claim 1, wherein: the calculation formula of the flying stone safety distance in the second step is R=20KN and W;
wherein R is the safe distance of flying stones;
n is the blasting effect index;
w is the minimum resistance wire length;
k is a safety coefficient.
3. The method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment of claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the influence of the explosion vibration on the buildings in the explosion area is compared by adopting particle vibration velocity, and the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is V Quality of the body =k (Q (1/3)/R) ≡α; comparing the calculated particle vibration speed with the maximum safe allowable particle speed of the building, and judging the influence of blasting vibration on the building in the blasting area;
wherein V is Quality of the body Is particle vibration velocity;
r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion region and the protection object;
k, alpha is an attenuation coefficient;
q is the single-stage maximum dosage.
4. The method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment of claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the influence of the blasting vibration on the buildings in the blasting area is carried out in the following way, firstly, the particle vibration speed caused by blasting is calculated,then calculating the earthquake intensity caused by blasting, and finally judging the influence of blasting vibration on the buildings in the blasting area by comparing the calculated earthquake intensity with the earthquake intensity designed by the buildings; the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is V Quality of the body =k (Q (1/3)/R)/(α), the seismic intensity formula is n=ln (14V) Quality of the body ）/Ln2；
Wherein N is earthquake intensity;
V quality of the body Is particle vibration velocity;
r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion region and the protection object;
k, alpha is an attenuation coefficient;
q is the single-stage maximum dosage.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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