CN112857160A - Method for predicting blasting hazard in complex environment - Google Patents
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 4
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment, which comprises the following steps: surveying buildings in the blast area, analyzing the types of the buildings existing in the blast area, and measuring the shortest distance from a blast point to each building in the blast area; step two, calculating the safety distance of the flying stones, comparing the safety distance with the set warning range, and judging the safety of the set warning range; and step three, calculating and verifying the influence of blasting on each building in the blast area, specifically comprising the influence of blasting vibration on each building in the blast area and the influence of blasting shock waves on the buildings in the blast area. The invention carries out ordered analysis on the damage process of the explosion event, the result of the analysis accords with the fact, the direction can be provided for the construction production, and the unfavorable result is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering blasting in the construction industry, in particular to a method for predicting blasting damage in a complex environment.
Background
Among the types of engineering blasting, chamber blasting is an earlier blasting form that is rarely used today with increased awareness of the conservation of the natural environment. Along with the appearance of novel rock drill machines, the improvement of perforation efficiency, present engineering blasting uses deep hole blasting as the main. In precision blasting, demolition blasting and oil and gas well perforating blasting are widely used. Due to the particularity of blasting equipment and the special policy for the equipment, although the blasting theory is improved greatly, and a plurality of new materials appear in the aspect of equipment, most of the blasting equipment is only limited to universities and important industries in scientific research departments. In the wide construction blasting, practitioners are often disadvantaged and do not have a high level of recognition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for predicting blasting damage in a complex environment to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment comprises the following steps: surveying buildings in the blast area, analyzing the types of the buildings existing in the blast area, and measuring the shortest distance from a blast point to each building in the blast area; step two, calculating the safety distance of the flying stones, comparing the safety distance with the set warning range, and judging the safety of the set warning range; and step three, calculating and verifying the influence of blasting on each building in the blast area, specifically comprising the influence of blasting vibration on each building in the blast area and the influence of blasting shock waves on the buildings in the blast area.
Further, the formula for calculating the safety distance of the flyrock in the second step is that R is 200KN2W；
In the formula, R is a flying stone safe distance;
n is the blasting effect index;
w is the minimum resistant wire length;
k is a safety factor.
Further, the influence of blasting vibration on buildings in the blasting area in the third step is compared by adopting particle vibration velocity, and the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is VQuality of foodK (Q ^ (1/3)/R) ^ alpha; comparing the calculated particle vibration speed with the maximum safe allowable particle speed of the building, and judging the influence of blasting vibration on the building in the blasting area;
in the formula, VQuality of foodThe particle vibration speed is taken as the particle vibration speed;
r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion area and the protected object;
k and alpha are attenuation coefficients;
q is the single maximum dose.
Further, the influence of the blasting vibration on the buildings in the blasting area in the third step is carried out in the following mode, firstly, the particle vibration speed caused by blasting is calculated, then, the seismic intensity caused by blasting is calculated, and finally, the influence of the blasting vibration on the buildings in the blasting area is judged by comparing the calculated seismic intensity with the seismic intensity designed by the buildings; the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is VQuality of foodK (Q ^ (1/3)/R) ^ alpha, and the seismic intensity formula is N ^ Ln (14V)Quality of food)/Ln2；
In the formula, N is seismic intensity;
Vquality of foodThe particle vibration speed is taken as the particle vibration speed;
r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion area and the protected object;
k and alpha are attenuation coefficients;
q is the single maximum dose.
Further, the influence of the blast shock wave on the buildings in the blast area in the third step comprises the influence of the blast shock wave on a high-voltage line above the blast area; when the influence of blasting shock wave on a high-voltage line over an explosion area is verified, firstly, the overpressure of the shock wave caused by blasting is calculated, and the calculation formula of the overpressure of the shock wave is that P is 0.84(Q ^ (1/3)/R) +2.7(Q ^ (2/3)/R)2)+7Q/R3；
In the formula, P is the overpressure of the shock wave;
r is the average distance between the high-voltage wire and the explosion area;
q is the TNT equivalent of a single stage;
then, calculating the positive pressure area action time T of the explosion shock wave as 1.5 multiplied by 10 (-3) R (1/2) Q (1/3); taking the length of 1m of the high-voltage wire as a unit body for analysis, the delta PST is equal to MVThreadThereby obtaining VThread＝ΔPST/M；
In the formula, S is the pressed area of a 1m long high-voltage line;
m is the mass of the 1M long high-voltage line;
VthreadInitial speed for ejecting the 1m long high-voltage line upwards for blasting;
delta P is the average value of overpressure peaks delta P ═ P/2;
the unit body is supposed to be separated from the stress connection of two ends and is singly V in sizeThreadThe initial speed of the catapult is upward, and the time T is equal to VThread9.8, obtaining the height H of the unit body ejected upwards as VThreadT－0.5gT2；
And comparing the upward ejection height H of the unit body with twice the average distance between the high-voltage wire and the base line in the actually measured explosion area, and judging the damage of the explosion shock wave to the trans-area high-voltage wire.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the device have the advantages that the damage process of the explosion event is orderly analyzed, the result accords with the fact, the direction can be provided for construction and production, and the unfavorable result is avoided.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment, which comprises the following steps: surveying buildings in the blast area, analyzing the types of the buildings existing in the blast area, and measuring the shortest distance from a blast point to each building in the blast area; step two, calculating the safety distance of the flying stones, comparing the safety distance with the set warning range, and judging the safety of the set warning range; and step three, calculating and verifying the influence of blasting on each building in the blast area, specifically comprising the influence of blasting vibration on each building in the blast area and the influence of blasting shock waves on the buildings in the blast area.
The formula for calculating the safety distance of the flyrock in the second step of the invention is that R is 200KN2W; in the formula, R is a flying stone safe distance; n is the blasting effect index; w is the minimum resistant wire length; k is a safety factor.
The influence of blasting vibration on buildings in the blasting area in the third step is compared by adopting particle vibration velocity, and the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is VQuality of foodK (Q ^ (1/3)/R) ^ alpha; comparing the calculated particle vibration speed with the maximum safe allowable particle speed of the building, and judging the influence of blasting vibration on the building in the blasting area; in the formula, VQuality of foodThe particle vibration speed is taken as the particle vibration speed; r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion area and the protected object; k and alpha are attenuation coefficients; q is the single maximum dose.
The influence of blasting vibration on buildings in the blasting area in the third step is carried out by adopting the following method, firstly, calculating the particle vibration speed caused by blasting, then calculating the seismic intensity caused by blasting, and finally, comparing the calculated seismic intensity with the seismic intensity designed by the buildings to judge the influence of the blasting vibration on the buildings in the blasting area; the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is VQuality of food＝K(QThe formula of seismic intensity is N ═ Ln (14V)Quality of food) /Ln 2; in the formula, N is seismic intensity; vQuality of foodThe particle vibration speed is taken as the particle vibration speed; r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion area and the protected object; k and alpha are attenuation coefficients; q is the single maximum dose.
The influence of the blast shock wave on the buildings in the blast area in the third step mainly comprises the influence of the blast shock wave on a high-voltage line above the blast area; when the influence of blasting shock wave on a high-voltage line over an explosion area is verified, firstly, the overpressure of the shock wave caused by blasting is calculated, and the calculation formula of the overpressure of the shock wave is that P is 0.84(Q ^ (1/3)/R) +2.7(Q ^ (2/3)/R)2)+7Q/R3(ii) a In the formula, P is the overpressure of the shock wave; r is the average distance between the high-voltage wire and the explosion area; q is the TNT equivalent of a single stage;
then, calculating the positive pressure area action time T of the explosion shock wave as 1.5 multiplied by 10 (-3) R (1/2) Q (1/3); taking the length of 1m of the high-voltage wire as a unit body for analysis, the delta PST is equal to MVThreadThereby obtaining VThreadΔ PST/M; in the formula, S is the pressed area of a 1m long high-voltage line; m is the mass of the 1M long high-voltage line; vThreadInitial speed for ejecting the 1m long high-voltage line upwards for blasting; delta P is the average value of overpressure peaks delta P ═ P/2;
the unit body is supposed to be separated from the stress connection of two ends and is singly V in sizeThreadThe initial speed of the catapult is upward, and the time T is equal to VThread9.8, obtaining the height H of the unit body ejected upwards as VThreadT－0.5gT2(ii) a And comparing the upward ejection height H of the unit body with twice the average distance between the high-voltage wire and the base line in the actually measured explosion area, and judging the damage of the explosion shock wave to the trans-area high-voltage wire.
One example of the practice of the invention is listed below:
introduction of blasting construction environment: referring to fig. 1 and 2, in order to change the water flow situation of the tail water and flood discharge of the power station, the left bank slope needs to be excavated according to the design requirements, and the bank slope mountain is made of hard rock and adopts a deep hole blasting excavation mode.
The height difference between the top surface of the bank slope and the water surface of the river channel is 30-37 m, the horizontal distance between the excavation surface of the bank slope and the dam is 90m, the horizontal distance between the excavation surface of the bank slope and the dam is 110m, the height difference between the excavation surface of the bank slope and the power generation plant is 25m, and a river-crossing high-voltage outlet line of a power plant is arranged 15m above the excavation area. The construction side slope is 180m away from the power plant, the height of the construction side slope from the high-voltage line reaches 13.5m, and the construction side slope from the high-voltage line tower is 9 m.
The river-crossing high-voltage wire is a steel-cored aluminum strand wire, the outer diameter of the steel-cored aluminum strand wire is 25.2mm, the weight of the steel-cored aluminum strand wire is 1.402kg/m, and the span of the high-voltage wire is 350 m. If the fixed point of the high-voltage line and the line tower is taken as an end point, a straight line passing through the two end points is taken as a base line, and the average distance between the high-voltage line and the base line in the explosion area is measured to be 5.5 m.
According to the blasting scheme, 2.4T emulsion explosive is needed for first-layer excavation, MS17 is filled in a hole, the segments outside the hole are connected and delayed by MS5, 20 segments are detonated in total, and 3.4s are needed in total from the beginning to the end of the blasting area.
(1) Verifying safety of blasting region flyrock
The length of a resisting line is 2.5m, and the plugging length is 3.0-3.5 m. The rock mass can move towards the direction of the face with small resistance line, the direction of the face is adjusted to be equal to the direction of the flying stones, and the face is adjusted to the downstream of the river channel. The reason that the length of the plugging is larger than that of the resisting line is that the blasting action does not take the horizontal working face as a blank face to fly the stone upwards. Blasting vibration still causes small-particle-size stones at the orifices to splash on the horizontal working face, so that the whole blasting area is covered by grass felts after the networking is finished. The safety distance of the flying stone to the personnel and the livestock can adopt the following formula,
R＝200KN2W
in the formula, R is the safety distance of flyrock, m;
n-blasting action index, wherein N is R/W, and the loosening blasting N is 0.45;
w-minimum resistant line length, m, 2.5 m;
k-safety coefficient, taking 2.0;
R＝200×2×0.452×2.5＝202.5m；
and adopting a safety regulation 300m as an alarm range which is larger than the theoretical value obtained by calculation.
(2) Verifying the impact of blasting vibration on a power plant
Comparison by particle vibration velocity, VQuality of food＝K(Q^(1/3)/R)^α
VQuality of food-particle vibration speed, cm/s;
the horizontal distance between the center of the R-burst area and a protected object, wherein m is 110 m;
k, α -attenuation coefficient, since hard rock K is 100, α is 1.4;
q-single-segment maximum dosage kg, Q is 2400 multiplied by 260/(20 multiplied by 320) multiplied by 97.5kg (converted into standard explosive)
VQuality of food＝100×0.01176×0.09356＝0.11cm/s
This value is well below the maximum safe allowable particle velocity of a power plant of 0.5cm/s as specified in blasting safety code (GB 6722-2014).
(3) Verifying the impact of blasting vibration on a dam
The influence of blasting on the dam is not required by the current standard, and the calculation can be checked from the aspect of the designed seismic intensity of the dam. By checking the design geological specification of the dam, the designed seismic intensity of the dam is 7 grades. The particle vibration velocity caused by blasting is
VQuality of food＝K(Q^(1/3)/R)^α＝100(97.5^(1/3)/90)^1.4＝1.56cm/s
Substituting 1.56cm/s into seismic intensity formula
^
2N＝14VQuality of food
N-seismic intensity;
in the formula, VQuality of food-the vibration speed of the mass point, cm/s;
N＝Ln(14Vquality of food)/Ln2＝4.5；
This data is less than the seismic intensity level 7 for the dam design, so the dam is safe.
(4) Verifying the influence of blast shock wave overpressure on a high-voltage wire crossing 15m above the blast area
The collision damage of blasting flyrock to the high-voltage wire can be avoided by adjusting blasting parameters to control the direction of the flyrock, but the impact of shock wave overpressure on the high-voltage wire cannot be avoided, and the main performance is that the large overpressure can cause the swing pair of the high-voltage wire to be too large, and the line tower and the lead are damaged or even destroyed due to the fact that the design range is exceeded. The tension of the wire under the action of external force is not accurately calculated, and only the amplitude range of the wire is roughly estimated. The conductor between the two towers is a catenary in a natural state, the expression form of the conductor is hyperbolic cosine, and if any point A on the catenary is taken, the distance between the A and the baseline is L, and the baseline is a straight line of the position where the high-voltage line does not sag. If the point A swings up and down and back and forth under the action of external force and the distance between the point A and the base line is not more than L, the mechanical principle can know that the external force can not cause stress damage to the lead and the line tower. Based on this criterion we perform the following calculations:
overpressure peak value of explosion shock wave to high-voltage lead wire at position 15m in air
P＝0.84(Q^(1/3)/R)+2.7(Q^(2/3)/R2)+7Q/R3
In the formula, P-shock wave overpressure, 105pa；
R-average distance between the high-voltage line and the explosion area, wherein R is 15 m;
q-single stage TNT equivalent, kg, Q97.5 × 320/460 67.8kg (converted to TNT explosive).
Substituting the parameters into the formula, P is 0.23+0.20+0.14 is 0.57 × 105pa；
Positive pressure zone action time of explosive shock wave
T is 1.5 multiplied by 10 (-3) R (1/2) Q (1/3), calculated as T is 0.0237 s;
the overpressure peak value average value delta P/2 is 0.285 multiplied by 10 multiplied by 5pa, and the actual average value is far smaller than this data, and the overpressure value decreases exponentially in the positive pressure region action time.
For convenient calculation, the length of the lead wire is 1m, and the lead wire is taken as a unit body for analysis, then
ΔPST＝MVThread
Wherein, the pressed area of the S-1m long wire is that S is 0.0252 multiplied by 1 is 0.0252m2；
Mass of M-1M long wire, M is 1.402 kg;
Vthread＝ΔPST/M＝0.285×105×0.0252×0.0237/1.402＝12.1m/s
The unit body is supposed to be separated from the stress connection of two ends and is singly VThreadWhen the projectile is ejected upwards at the initial speed of 12.1m/s, the time T is V/9.8 is 12.1/9.8 is 1.23 s;
so that the height H of upward ejection of the unit body is VT-0.5 gT2＝12.1×1.23－4.9×1.232＝7.47m；
7.47m < 5.5 x 2 ═ 11m, so the blast shock wave is far from damaging the transregional high voltage line and the two-end line towers.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that the blasting method in the embodiment is safe and feasible.
The invention uses the existing theoretical formula and principle combination to orderly analyze the damage process of the explosion event, check important buildings and local key protection components, estimate the stress of the protected object in the effective overpressure area of the shock wave, ensure that the protected object is not damaged by overload, ensure that the result conforms to the fact, provide direction for construction and production and avoid the occurrence of unfavorable results.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for predicting blasting hazard in a complex environment is characterized by comprising the following steps: surveying buildings in the blast area, analyzing the types of the buildings existing in the blast area, and measuring the shortest distance from a blast point to each building in the blast area; step two, calculating the safety distance of the flying stones, comparing the safety distance with the set warning range, and judging the safety of the set warning range; and step three, calculating and verifying the influence of blasting on each building in the blast area, specifically comprising the influence of blasting vibration on each building in the blast area and the influence of blasting shock waves on the buildings in the blast area.
2. The method for predicting blasting hazard in complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the formula for calculating the safety distance of flying stones in the second stepIs R ═ 200KN2W；
In the formula, R is a flying stone safe distance;
n is the blasting effect index;
w is the minimum resistant wire length;
k is a safety factor.
3. The method for predicting blasting hazard in complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the influence of blasting vibration on buildings in the blasting area in the third step is compared by adopting particle vibration speed, and the calculation formula of the particle vibration speed is VQuality of foodK (Q ^ (1/3)/R) ^ alpha; comparing the calculated particle vibration speed with the maximum safe allowable particle speed of the building, and judging the influence of blasting vibration on the building in the blasting area;
in the formula, VQuality of foodThe particle vibration speed is taken as the particle vibration speed;
r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion area and the protected object;
k and alpha are attenuation coefficients;
q is the single maximum dose.
4. The method for predicting blasting hazard in complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the influence of the blasting vibration on the buildings in the blasting area in the third step is carried out in the following mode, firstly, the particle vibration speed caused by blasting is calculated, then, the seismic intensity caused by blasting is calculated, and finally, the influence of the blasting vibration on the buildings in the blasting area is judged by comparing the calculated seismic intensity with the seismic intensity designed by the buildings; the calculation formula of the particle vibration velocity is VQuality of foodK (Q ^ (1/3)/R) ^ alpha, and the seismic intensity formula is N ^ Ln (14V)Quality of food)/Ln2；
In the formula, N is seismic intensity;
Vquality of foodThe particle vibration speed is taken as the particle vibration speed;
r is the horizontal distance between the center of the explosion area and the protected object;
k and alpha are attenuation coefficients;
q is the single maximum dose.
5. The method for predicting blasting hazard in complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the influence of the blast shock wave on the buildings in the blast area in the third step comprises the influence of the blast shock wave on a high-voltage line above the blast area; when the influence of blasting shock wave on a high-voltage line over an explosion area is verified, firstly, the overpressure of the shock wave caused by blasting is calculated, and the calculation formula of the overpressure of the shock wave is that P is 0.84(Q ^ (1/3)/R) +2.7(Q ^ (2/3)/R)2)+7Q/R3；
In the formula, P is the overpressure of the shock wave;
r is the average distance between the high-voltage wire and the explosion area;
q is the TNT equivalent of a single stage;
then, calculating the positive pressure area action time T of the explosion shock wave as 1.5 multiplied by 10 (-3) R (1/2) Q (1/3);
taking the length of 1m of the high-voltage wire as a unit body for analysis, the delta PST is equal to MVThreadThereby obtaining VThread＝ΔPST/M；
In the formula, S is the pressed area of a 1m long high-voltage line;
m is the mass of the 1M long high-voltage line;
VthreadInitial speed for ejecting the 1m long high-voltage line upwards for blasting;
delta P is the average value of overpressure peaks delta P ═ P/2;
the unit body is supposed to be separated from the stress connection of two ends and is singly V in sizeThreadThe initial speed of the catapult is upward, and the time T is equal to VThread9.8, obtaining the height H of the unit body ejected upwards as VThreadT－0.5gT2；
And comparing the upward ejection height H of the unit body with twice the average distance between the high-voltage wire and the base line in the actually measured explosion area, and judging the damage of the explosion shock wave to the trans-area high-voltage wire.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20080071271A (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-04 | 조선대학교산학협력단 | The method of prediction of blasting vibration by superposition on modeling data of single hole waveform |
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