Organic waste liquid self-maintaining smoldering continuous reaction device and reaction method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to municipal waste disposal, and particularly relates to a self-maintaining smoldering continuous reaction device and a self-maintaining smoldering continuous reaction method for organic waste liquid.
Background
The urban waste yield is huge in China, and the production rate is continuously increased along with the improvement of the economic level, so that the urban waste yield is an important influence factor which can not be ignored and can block the urban health development. The organic waste liquid slurry comprises sludge, kitchen waste, biogas residue, oil residue and the like, wherein the sludge and the kitchen waste account for a huge proportion of municipal waste in China. The organic waste liquid slurry is often rich in high moisture and organic matters, so that the organic waste liquid slurry is extremely easy to decay, breed bacteria, mosquitoes, pathogens and the like, threaten urban water sources and air pollution due to improper treatment, and threaten human health. The incineration method for treating the organic waste has the advantages of high treatment rate, large volume reduction rate and thorough harmlessness, and is a main means for treating the municipal waste at present. However, for the organic waste gas slurry, the characteristic of low calorific value often brings difficulty to the traditional incineration technology; the traditional technology is used for treating the high-moisture organic waste by combining with advanced drying or blending combustion of adding high-calorific-value fuel, and the treatment process is high in energy consumption, high in cost, complex in process and serious in pollution.
Smoldering disposal is a flameless, low temperature combustion reaction process. Self-sustaining smoldering is a process that can realize self-sustaining development without external heat supply in the smoldering disposal process when the heat generated by combustion reaction is larger than the sum of the loss of combustion propagation process and the heat required by reaction. The self-sustaining smoldering technology provides a new method for the incineration disposal of the organic waste liquid slurry, and the combustion disposal can be realized without drying and adding high-calorific-value fuel.
The sludge treatment in the traditional sludge low-temperature smoldering pyrolysis device CN110395866A and the automatically controlled and monitored sludge low-temperature smoldering pyrolysis device CN110395865A does not involve the use of porous medium materials, and the treatment is realized by electric heating and forced ventilation; municipal solid waste self-sustaining smoldering processing apparatus CN207555608U can realize handling the single batch of filled material, need install the material again after waiting to cool down after every smoldering finishes, the start of reigniting, the speed that its smoldering was handled relies on the volume of smoldering device feed bin to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device and a reaction method for organic waste liquid.
To achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction apparatus for organic waste liquid, characterized in that the reaction apparatus comprises a smoldering furnace, a stirrer, a conveying mechanism, a feeder, a discharger, and a controller, wherein,
the smoldering furnace is used as a combustion chamber of the reaction device and is simultaneously connected with the stirrer, the conveying mechanism, the feeder, the discharger and the controller, the stirrer is connected with the feeder through the conveying mechanism and is used for mixing organic slurry to be processed with sand and conveying the stirred materials into the smoldering furnace, the feeder and the discharger are both connected with the smoldering furnace through the conveying mechanism and are respectively used for inputting and outputting the materials in the smoldering furnace, and the controller is used for monitoring the smoldering surface and the temperature in the smoldering furnace in real time and controlling the combustion process in the smoldering furnace;
the smoldering furnace comprises a furnace body, a heater, an air distributor, a baffle, a feeding hole, an ash chamber and a temperature monitor, wherein the furnace body is closed, the feeding hole is formed in the upper end of the furnace body, the ash chamber is formed in the lower end of the furnace body, the heater is arranged in the furnace body and used for igniting materials to be processed, the air distributor is arranged between the heater and the ash chamber and used for providing air and pressure required in the combustion process for the furnace body, the feeding hole is connected with the feeder and used for conveying the materials into the furnace body, and the ash chamber is connected with the discharging device and used for outputting and feeding the smoldering ash after combustion into the stirrer so as to realize the recycling of material sand;
the temperature monitor is arranged above the heater and used for measuring the position and temperature of a smoldering peak surface of material combustion in the furnace body in real time and feeding back a measurement result to the controller, and when the stacking height of the material in the furnace body is lower than a preset feeding height, the controller controls the feeder to convey the material into the furnace body so as to realize continuous supply of the material; when the smoldering peak surface temperature is lower than the preset heating temperature, the controller controls the heater to heat, so that the combustion process in the furnace body is ensured to be carried out uninterruptedly, and the continuous self-maintenance of the combustion process in the smoldering furnace is further ensured.
Further preferably, the heater consists of a heating pipe, the heating pipe is coiled into an equidistant spiral shape, and the head end and the tail end of the heating pipe are connected with electricity and used for uniformly heating the material to be treated in the furnace body.
Further preferably, the air distributor comprises an outer radiation ring, an inner radiation ring and radiation rods, the outer radiation ring, the inner radiation ring and the radiation rods are all in a hollow tubular shape, a plurality of small holes are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the hollow tube, the outer radiation ring and the inner radiation ring are concentric circles, the radiation rods are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer radiation ring and point to the outer radiation ring from the circle center of the outer radiation ring, the radiation rods are connected with an external air inlet pipe, and after air is introduced into the air inlet pipe, the air is uniformly released from the outer radiation ring, the inner radiation ring and the radiation rods, so that the air entering the furnace body is uniformly released.
Further preferably, a baffle is further arranged between the air distributor and the ash deposition chamber and used for controlling the downward movement rate of the materials in the furnace, the baffle comprises an upper baffle and a lower baffle which are identical in structure, through holes are uniformly distributed in the upper baffle and the lower baffle, and the flow rate of the materials from top to bottom is adjusted by adjusting the corresponding relation of the through holes in the upper baffle and the lower baffle.
Further preferably, a flue gas discharge port is further arranged above the furnace body and used for discharging flue gas generated by combustion in the furnace body.
Further preferably, the temperature monitor is strip-shaped and arranged in the furnace body, and a plurality of thermocouples are arranged on the temperature monitor from top to bottom and used for measuring the temperatures at different depths in the furnace body.
Further preferably, an ash deposition funnel is arranged above the ash deposition chamber, and the ash deposition funnel enables the burned smoldering ash to enter the ash deposition chamber.
Further preferably, the furnace body is formed by wrapping refractory bricks, heat insulation cotton and stainless steel, so that the heat insulation effect is good, and heat loss in the combustion process is reduced.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for realizing self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction by using the reactor as described above, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(a) adjusting the positions of an upper baffle and a lower baffle in the baffle to ensure that materials cannot pass through the baffle, and inputting material sand into the smoldering furnace through the feeder until the height of the material sand covering the heater reaches a preset prefill value;
(b) adding material sand into the stirrer, introducing organic waste slurry to be treated into the stirrer, stirring and mixing uniformly, inputting the uniformly mixed material into the smoldering furnace through the feeder, and stopping the input of the material by the feeder after the height of the material accumulation in the furnace body reaches a preset value;
(c) when the height of the materials in the furnace body reaches a preset ignition value, the heater starts to heat, meanwhile, the temperature monitor starts to measure the temperature in the furnace body, when the temperature in the furnace body reaches a preset air supply value, the air distributor starts to input air into the furnace body, and when the temperature monitor monitors that the temperature in the furnace body reaches a preset maximum value, the heater stops heating;
(d) the method comprises the following steps that materials are combusted in a furnace body, a temperature monitor monitors the temperature and a smoldering peak surface in the furnace body in real time, when the smoldering peak surface reaches a preset height, the positions of an upper baffle and a lower baffle in the baffles are adjusted, the materials in the furnace start to move downwards, a feeder starts to add the materials into the furnace body, and the upward migration speed of the smoldering peak surface is the same as the consumption speed of the materials in the furnace, so that the continuous operation of smoldering reaction in the furnace body is maintained;
(e) when the temperature in the furnace body is lower than a preset heating temperature, the heater starts to heat, and when the temperature in the furnace body reaches a preset maximum value, the heater stops heating, so that the heat required by smoldering reaction in the furnace body is ensured;
(f) and ash and slag generated in the combustion process enters the ash deposition chamber through the ash deposition funnel and enters the stirrer again through the discharging device for cyclic utilization, so that cyclic utilization of material sand is realized.
In general, compared with the prior art, through the above technical scheme of the invention, the self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device for the organic waste slurry provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a self-maintaining smoldering continuous reaction device for organic waste liquid slurry, which can realize self-maintaining smoldering continuous treatment of the organic waste liquid slurry based on a smoldering technology, realize low-energy consumption direct incineration treatment of the organic waste liquid slurry, realize batch treatment based on continuous operation, and meet the demand of high-efficiency treatment of the organic waste liquid slurry in the market;
2. according to the reaction device provided by the invention, the material sand is added in the combustion process and is used as a porous medium to be added in the reaction process, so that the propagation of air in organic matters in the smoldering process and the preservation of heat generated by oxidation reaction are promoted, the smoldering self-sustaining capability is improved, and the energy consumption of a system is reduced;
3. the self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device provided by the invention can realize low-temperature flameless incineration treatment of organic matters in the organic waste liquid slurry, drying treatment can be carried out without extra energy consumption, self-sustaining reaction can be realized without external heat in the smoldering reaction process, and meanwhile, continuous operation of smoldering treatment of the organic waste liquid slurry can be realized by real-time monitoring of the temperature in the furnace and accurate control of the heater, the feeding and discharging speed and the air supply quantity, so that the waste treatment capacity is greatly improved, and the market demand is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction apparatus for organic waste slurry constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heater constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view of the heater; (b) is a left side view of the heater;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an air distributor constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view of the air distributor; (b) is a left view of the air distributor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a baffle constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view of the baffle; (b) is a schematic diagram of the opening of the baffle circular hole channel; (c) is a schematic view of the baffle circular hole passage being closed.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-furnace body, 2-heater, 3-air distributor, 4-baffle, 5-dust-accumulating funnel, 6-feed inlet, 7-dust-accumulating chamber, 8-smoke discharge outlet, 9-temperature monitor, 10-feeder, 11-discharger, 12-stirrer and 13-conveying mechanism.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in figure 1, the self-sustaining smoldering continuous reaction device for organic waste liquid slurry is composed of a smoldering furnace, a feeder 10, a discharger 11, a stirrer 12, a conveying mechanism 13 and a controller, wherein the smoldering furnace comprises a heat insulation furnace body 1, a heater 2, an air distributor 3, a baffle 4, an ash deposition funnel 5, a feeding hole 6, an ash deposition chamber 7, a flue gas discharge port 8 and a temperature monitor 9.
The smoldering furnace is a heat insulation furnace body 1 which is formed by wrapping refractory bricks, heat insulation cotton and stainless steel, the smoldering furnace is a cylindrical furnace body in the embodiment, the furnace wall is insulated by the refractory bricks and other heat insulation materials, the top of the furnace body is a spherical cover, and the bottom of the furnace body is connected with a dust deposition funnel.
As shown in fig. 2 (a) and (b), the smoldering furnace heater 2 is in the shape of equidistant spirals, the heating tube is composed of a corrosion-resistant stainless steel tube wrapping the heating wire, in this embodiment, the distance between each spiral turn is not less than 3 times or not less than 1cm of the diameter of the heating tube, and the distance between the outermost spiral turn and the inner wall of the furnace body is not less than 3 times or not less than 1cm of the diameter of the heating tube.
As shown in fig. 3 (a) and (b), the upper part of the smoldering furnace air distributor 3 is in the shape of a radiation star-shaped plate (see fig. 3) formed by stainless steel pipes, and the radiation strips are converged at the center of the star-shaped plate and connected with a steel pipe communicated with air supply equipment outside the furnace body to be used as an air inlet; the lower surfaces of all steel pipes of the radiation star plate are equidistantly distributed with small holes with the diameter of 3mm along the length direction of the extension pipe to be used as air outlets; air enters the air distributor from outside to inside through the steel pipe communicated with the outside, escapes from the small holes on the lower edge of the steel pipe on the radiation star plate and enters the furnace body, so that air and pressure required by reaction are provided for the smoldering furnace system.
As shown in fig. 4 (a), (b) and (c), the baffle 4 of the smoldering furnace is two round thick steel plates (thickness 0.5-1.5 cm, diameter same as furnace body) with evenly distributed round holes (diameter 0.5-1.5 cm), which are an upper baffle and a lower baffle respectively, for controlling the downward flow of the mixture of sand and smoldering ash in the furnace, when the positions of the upper and lower baffles are always, the round holes are completely overlapped, the material flows downward from the round hole channel, when the positions of the upper and lower baffles are staggered, the round holes are staggered, and the downward flow of the material from the round hole channel is blocked or even stopped.
The smoldering furnace ash deposition funnel 5 is made of stainless steel and is used for smoothly polishing the surface for collecting falling ash; the lower part of the funnel is contracted and connected with the dust chamber.
And the ash chamber 7 of the smoldering furnace is respectively connected with the lower part of the ash deposition funnel 5 and the discharging device in a sealing way, so that the functions of transferring and outputting the smoldering ash under the sealing condition and temporarily storing a certain amount of smoldering ash are realized.
The feed inlet 6 is positioned in the center of the spherical sealing cover of the furnace top and is hermetically connected with the feeder 10; a star-shaped hollow disc is fixedly suspended below the material distributor and is used for assisting the material to uniformly scatter and fall.
The smoldering furnace flue gas discharge port 8 is positioned at the position of the spherical sealing cover of the furnace top deviated from the center, is used for discharging incineration flue gas, and can be connected with related equipment such as flue gas purification equipment.
The smoldering furnace temperature monitor 9, in this embodiment, hangs down from the spherical sealing cover of the furnace top, and is located at the center axis of the cylinder or slightly off-set, the lower end of the axis is 4cm away from the upper edge of the heating plate, 10K-type thermocouples are distributed at equal intervals on the cylinder body, and the lowest thermocouple is located at the lower end of the axis.
A stirrer 12 for fully stirring the sand and the organic liquid slurry, wherein the stirred mixture is in a soil-crumbed state; the volume of the smoldering furnace body is 1/4-1/3 to prepare and store the well-stirred mixed materials; adding the materials which are not mixed into the stirrer from the upper part of the stirrer to start mixing, and uniformly mixing the materials from the lower part of the stirrer; the bottom or the side surface of the lower part is connected with a conveyor belt to convey the stirred materials in real time.
The conveying mechanism 13 can convey the target material from bottom to top; and is hermetically connected with the feeder and the discharging device.
The feeder 10 is respectively connected with the feed inlet and a conveyor belt for conveying the mixed materials in a sealing way; the controllable uniform-speed transportation of solid particle materials is realized through a spiral flood dragon device, and then the solid particle materials enter a smoldering furnace; the screw device is filled with materials among threads in the operation process, and has a certain self-sealing effect.
The discharging device 11 is respectively connected with the ash chamber and a conveying belt for conveying ash slag in a sealing way; the controllable uniform-speed transportation of solid ash and slag materials is realized through a spiral flood dragon device, and then the ash chamber is discharged; the screw device is filled with materials among threads in the operation process, and has a certain self-sealing effect.
The controller is in power and signal connection with a heater, an air distributor, a temperature monitor, a feeder, a discharger, a conveying mechanism and a stirrer of the smoldering furnace, meets the requirements of remote start-stop and real-time running state monitoring, displays real-time temperature and start-up running historical temperature curves of 10 thermocouples in the furnace, displays and controls air inlet amount and air pressure, displays real-time filling height and feeding speed of materials in the furnace, displays real-time ash deposition height and ash discharge speed in an ash deposition funnel, displays real-time temperature in the furnace and controls the start-stop of the heater.
The operation of the reaction apparatus in this embodiment will be specifically described below.
(1) Pre-filling. The round hole channel of the baffle 4 is closed, sand with the grain diameter of about 1mm is added into the smoldering furnace through the feeder 10 and the feed inlet 5 until the sand covers 2-4 cm above the heater 2. The organic waste slurry is added to the mixer 12 via the transfer mechanism 13 while additional sand is added to the mixer 12 and mixing is started until the organic waste slurry is sufficiently and uniformly mixed with the sand. The mass ratio of sand to slurry varies depending on the water content of the slurry and is generally between 4:1 and 10: 1. The stirred materials are conveyed to a feeder 10 through a conveyor belt 15, enter a feeding hole 6 of the smoldering furnace through the feeder 10, then fall into the furnace body 1 and start to be continuously accumulated until the position of 2-4 cm above the heater 2.
(2) And (5) igniting. When the material bed in the furnace is piled up to a height of 15-20 cm above the heater 2, the heater 2 starts to heat with the maximum rated power; the temperature monitor 9 is simultaneously turned on to operate. When the thermocouple at the lower end of the temperature monitor 9 displays the temperature of 200-300 ℃, compressed air begins to enter the interior of the smoldering furnace body 1 through the air distributor 3. The air flow rate per unit cross section in the furnace is controlled to be 3.5-5.0 cm/s. The lower thermocouple of the temperature monitor 9 turns off the power supply of the heater 2 when the temperature is rapidly increased and reaches the peak value and begins to decrease. The ignition is completed. During this time, the material filling can be continued, and the height of the packed bed is controlled to be 40-100 cm above the heater 2.
(3) Self-sustaining. After ignition is finished, the air continuously enters the furnace body 1 and moves upwards, the smoldering combustion peak surface is upwards transmitted, and the transmission rate is generally 0.3-0.6 cm/min. The real-time temperature change curve reflected by the temperature monitor 9 displayed by the controller can monitor the position of the combustion surface in the furnace and the reaction intensity condition. When the combustion peak surface moves to a height of 30-50 cm from the bed layer of the heater 2 and the reaction intensity is better (the temperature is not lower than 500 ℃), the smoldering ignition is successfully self-sustained.
(4) And (4) continuous. When the smoldering surface moves to a height near the center of the material bed layer, the round hole channel of the baffle 4, the feeder 10, the discharger 11 and the corresponding conveying mechanisms 14 and 15 are opened simultaneously, so that the overall uniform migration motion of the material in the furnace from top to bottom is realized, the downward migration rate of the unit cross section of the material in the furnace is equivalent to the upward propagation rate of the smoldering peak surface, and the continuous operation of the smoldering self-sustaining is realized. The smoldering peak position and the smoldering intensity are observed in real time through the temperature measured by the temperature monitor 9 displayed by the controller, and when the smoldering peak temperature is lower than 450 ℃, the heater 2 can be started for a short time to enable the smoldering peak temperature to return to more than 500 ℃.
(5) And (5) sand circulation. Ash (mainly sand) generated in the self-sustaining continuous operation process of the smoldering furnace enters an ash chamber 7 through an ash deposition funnel 5 and reenters a stirrer 12 through a discharging device 11 and a conveying mechanism 14 to be stirred with newly-entered organic liquid slurry materials, and the stirred materials enter a feeder 10 through a conveying mechanism 15 in the form of mixed materials and enter a furnace body 1 through a feeding hole 6 to be recycled.
Under the condition that the characteristics of the organic slurry such as water content, organic matter content and the like are known, corresponding device operation reference parameters such as sand mixing proportion, conveying mechanism and material inlet and outlet speed, air distributor operation power and maximum disposal rate can be obtained through an equipment database.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.