CN112856396A

CN112856396A - Fluidized bed boiler with water-cooling gas-solid separator and four-and seven-return water-cooling flues

Info

Publication number: CN112856396A
Application number: CN202110102656.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王森
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-01-26
Filing date: 2021-01-26
Publication date: 2021-05-28
Also published as: CN114413255A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fluidized bed boiler with a water-cooling gas-solid separator and four and seven return water-cooling flues, which comprises a steam boiler, a forced circulation pipe frame type hot water boiler, a power station boiler and an ultra-large power station boiler, wherein the fluidized bed boiler comprises a hearth main combustion chamber, an auxiliary combustion chamber, a burnout chamber, a four return water-cooling flue, a seven return water-cooling flue and a water-cooling ceiling; the separator of the invention does not need any special device and separating element, thus saving the refractory heat-insulating material and steel frame support of all cyclone separators; the integrated structure can save the fireproof heat-insulating materials of the two transverse walls; the CFB boiler with the four-return-flue gas more than 75T and the CFB boiler with the seven-return-flue gas more than 600MW can respectively reduce the height of the boiler body by 30 percent and 40 percent, and respectively save 40 percent, 30 percent, 50 percent and 40 percent of the refractory heat-insulating material and the steel frame of the whole boiler; the ultra-low initial smoke emission and the wet structure of the furnace wall flue of the whole heating surface of the furnace body can eliminate the abrasion of the convection heating surface, greatly save the maintenance cost and prolong the service life of the boiler.

Description

Fluidized bed boiler with water-cooling gas-solid separator and four-and seven-return water-cooling flues

Technical Field

The invention discloses a fluidized bed boiler with a water-cooling gas-solid separator and four and seven return water-cooling flues, and relates to a circulating fluidized bed hot water boiler, a circulating fluidized bed steam boiler, a circulating fluidized bed cogeneration boiler and a circulating fluidized bed power station boiler; in particular to an ultra-large circulating fluidized bed power station boiler and an ultra-large circulating fluidized bed central heating boiler; relates to the energy-saving and emission-reducing transformation of various circulating fluidized bed boilers, pulverized coal boilers and grate firing chain boilers in use; to the upgrading of various circulating fluidized bed boilers in use; relates to a low-cost clean and efficient low-rank coal boiler, a grate firing chain boiler and a natural gas boiler.

Background

The circulating fluidized bed boiler has the characteristics of easy regulation of the mixing ratio of air and fuel and low-temperature circulating combustion in graded air supply, can burn all coal types, particularly low-rank coal, has high combustion efficiency, can realize high-efficiency removal of sulfur dioxide and original ultralow generation of nitrogen oxide in the circulating fluidized bed boiler at low cost, ensures that the pollutant emission of the circulating fluidized bed boiler can be comparable with that of a natural gas boiler, and ensures that the pollutant emission of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is lower than that of the natural gas boiler when power generation and heat supply are carried out. Circulating fluidized bed boilers have become a mature technology for clean and efficient utilization of coal at present.

However, the current fact is that circulating fluidized bed boilers have absolute advantages in market competition only when using low-grade coal and having special requirements on environmental protection; when the market is not limited by coal types and has no special requirements on environmental protection, the circulating fluidized bed boiler is in absolute disadvantage of market competition; this is caused by the ultra-high structure of the furnace body of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, the high energy consumption of raw materials of a core component 'cyclone separator', the high manufacturing and installation cost, the high failure rate, the high maintenance and repair cost, the easy abrasion of the convection heating surface and other pain points. If the technology has a great breakthrough and can be popularized in a large scale in the market, the technology has important strategic significance on energy conservation, consumption reduction, emission reduction and climate change response in China and even the world.

The fluidized bed boiler with the highest occupation rate and the most mature in the current Chinese market is a high-temperature heat-insulation cyclone fluidized bed boiler made of wear-resistant heat-insulation materials. The most popular fluidized bed boiler in the European and American markets at present is a circular steam (water) cooling cyclone fluidized bed boiler, and the common defects of the two boiler types are as follows: the framework furnace wall and the steam-water system of the boiler body are formed by mutually communicating three independent bodies, namely a hearth, a cyclone separator and a shaft flue, the consumption of the refractory heat-insulating material and a steel frame of the boiler body is large due to the fact that the independent wall surfaces are multiple and the boiler body is high, in addition, the structural forms of the boilers are the same, and only the sizes of the boiler types are different, so that the cost of the medium-sized boiler and the cost of the small-sized boiler are high, and particularly the cost of the small-sized boiler is ultrahigh.

The high-temperature heat-insulation cyclone separator is firstly seen, and the thickness of the wear-resistant heat-insulation material used by the separator is larger than 300mm, so that the raw material consumption of the separator is large, the manufacturing and installation cost is high, the defects of large thermal inertia and heat loss, high possibility of high-temperature coking of the separator, slow start and stop of a boiler, high failure rate, high maintenance and repair cost, easy abrasion of a convection heating surface and the like exist. The separator with the structure is composed of a steel shell, a heat insulation block, heat insulation refractory bricks, an anti-abrasion liner and a plurality of layers of fastening bricks, and has high requirements on construction process and refractory material selection.

Referring to the circular steam (water) cooling cyclone separator, although the separator reduces wear-resistant heat-insulating materials, overcomes the defects of large thermal inertia and heat loss, ensures that a boiler is not coked and is started and stopped quickly, the defects of high wind speed, large resistance, serious flying ash lifting entrainment, high power consumption of a draught fan, high initial emission concentration of smoke dust, easy abrasion of a convection heating surface and the like exist, particularly the structure of a membrane wall and a circular ring header of the separator is complex, the process requirement and the manufacturing cost are extremely high and the price is high, and once the wear-resistant castable falls off from the surface of a cyclone cylinder, a steam-water pipeline is quickly abraded to cause leakage.

In addition, a square water (steam) cooling cyclone separator fluidized bed boiler is provided, a separator membrane type water-cooled wall and a combustion chamber membrane type water-cooled wall are integrated, although the boiler structure is very compact; the fire-resistant and wear-resistant lining is thin, and the start and stop of the boiler are fast; the advantage of small heat dissipation loss, however, the separation efficiency and stability are significantly lower than those of a circular water (steam) cold cyclone separator, and the separation efficiency of the fluidized bed boiler of the square water (steam) cold cyclone separator is low normally because the centrifugal separation characteristic of the cyclone separator is not matched with that of a square structure; the efficiency and stability of gas-solid separation are directly related to the performance of the fluidized bed boiler, obviously, the boiler type has no market competitive advantage; therefore, although the square water (steam) cold cyclone fluidized bed boiler is reported as the third generation fluidized bed boiler, the square water (steam) cold cyclone fluidized bed boiler does not talk to market share even though the publicity has been in the past for many years.

Although the inertial gravity separator of the circulating fluidized bed boiler disclosed in the invention patent No. ZL201480002881.9 has many outstanding advantages compared with the above two kinds of cyclone separators, such as low flow resistance, power consumption of induced draft fan, water-cooled separator structure, wear-resistant high-temperature material saving, low emission of raw smoke, etc., there are significant drawbacks in the key technologies of high-temperature and gravity separation, such as the first key technology of the patent, whether the "one-stage 'high-temperature' inertial gravity water-cooled separator" described in the claims can achieve "high temperature" is difficult to guarantee; the second key technology of the patent is that according to the vertical structure form of the water cooling wall of the guide gas-solid two-phase direct-flushing storage bin in the scheme 6 in the attached drawing of the specification, the low flow resistance of the descending flue is not optimal; the third key technology of the patent seriously influences the gravity settling efficiency of the smoke dust and the ultralow emission of the original smoke dust according to the structural form of the water-cooled wall of the guide gas-solid two-phase direct flushing storage bin in the scheme 7 in the attached figure of the specification; many designs complicate and cost-prohibitive manufacturing and installation processes.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical scheme, the invention provides the fluidized bed boiler with the water-cooling gas-solid separator and the four-return and seven-return water-cooling flues, which not only solves the market competition short plate of the traditional cyclone separator and the ultrahigh short plate of the boiler body and solves the invention patent defect of ZL201480002881.9, but also comprehensively innovates in the new structure, the new process and the new high-temperature water-cooling gas-solid separator of the boiler body, and leads the advantages of the invention to be more prominent and have no substitution.

Firstly, the burning prevention belt with the gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth can ensure that the abrasion resistance of the heating surface can be realized under the conditions of high temperature and increased smoke velocity; the two-return high-temperature accelerating descending reducing flue can accelerate high-temperature flue gas to enter the auxiliary combustion chamber with a large expansion space and a turning channel for full combustion.

Secondly, the upper part of the hearth is provided with the combustion protecting belt with the gradually-reduced section and the two-pass high-temperature accelerating downward gradually-reduced flue rear wall which moves forwards, so that the optimal design of different flow directions, different flow paths and different flow velocities of the dust-containing flue gas can be realized, and the performance advantage of gas-solid high-temperature inertial gravity separation is more stable and reliable.

Thirdly, the furnace walls and the flues of all the radiation convection heating surfaces of the boiler body of the invention all realize a water vapor cooling wet type structure, thereby greatly reducing the failure rate and the maintenance cost and prolonging the service life of the boiler.

And fourthly, the naturally enlarged burnout chamber (three-return-stroke upward flue) has the whole course of 3-5 m low flow velocity, so that the burnout degree of combustible substances can be improved, especially the ultralow emission of initial smoke dust is realized, the abrasion of a convection heating surface can be eliminated, and the problem which cannot be solved by a cyclone separator is really solved.

Compared with the traditional CFB boiler with a cyclone separator, the CFB boiler with the four-return water-cooled flue more than 75T can reduce the height of the boiler body by 30 percent, and only the boiler body can save raw materials of the boiler body by 30 percent.

And sixthly, compared with the traditional cyclone separator CFB boiler, the seven-return water-cooled flue of the ultra-large CFB boiler with more than 600MW can reduce the height of the boiler body by 40 percent, and only one can save raw materials of the boiler body by 40 percent.

The fluidized bed boiler with the water-cooling gas-solid separator and the four-return and seven-return water-cooling flues provided by the invention comprises: the device comprises a hearth, a hearth main combustion chamber, a combustion-protecting belt with a gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth, a two-return high-temperature accelerated downward gradually-reduced flue, an auxiliary combustion chamber (a large expansion space and a turning channel), a burnout chamber (a three-return upward flue), a four-return water-cooled flue, a seven-return full-steam cold heating surface, a water-cooled ceiling, a superheater and an economizer.

The four-return-stroke water-cooling flue comprises a return-stroke hearth air distribution plate, a second-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated descending tapered flue, a third-return-stroke ascending flue, a boiler tail convection flue and a vertical shaft flue.

The seven-return water-cooling flue comprises a return hearth air distribution plate to a hearth flue gas outlet, a two-return high-temperature accelerated descending tapered flue in front of the hearth, a two-return high-temperature accelerated descending tapered flue in back of the hearth, a three-return ascending flue in front of the hearth (upper burnout chamber), a three-return ascending flue in back of the hearth (upper burnout chamber), a vertical wet water vapor cooling flue in upper part of the hearth, a convection flue in tail part of the boiler, and the convection flue in tail part of the boiler is a vertical shaft flue.

The seven-return-stroke full-water-vapor cooling heating surface comprises seven cross-wall membrane water-cooled walls of a transverse and lower six return-stroke flue and two laterally symmetrical membrane water-cooled walls which are all water-cooled heating surfaces; the upper end of the longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue at the upper part of the hearth is a water-cooling heated surface, the lower end high-temperature superheater of the longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue at the upper part of the hearth is a steam-cooling heated surface, and the front, rear, left and right side ends of the longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue at the upper part of the hearth are water-cooling heated surfaces.

The novel structure of the invention has the following remarkable beneficial effects:

the four-return water-cooling flue structure of the invention ensures that the flue gas flow of the CFB boiler with the height of more than or equal to 75T is still obviously longer than that of a cyclone separator under the condition of reducing the height of the boiler body by 30 percent, and only the flue gas flow can save 30 percent of wear-resistant heat-insulating materials and 30 percent of steel frames of the whole boiler. The integrated structure of the invention can save the heat insulation materials of the two transverse walls, which account for about 10 percent of the whole machine and about 5 percent of the steel frame; and the whole double faces of the three diaphragm wall type water cooling walls are heated, so that the heat transfer effect can be obviously improved. And the heating surface of the cyclone fluidized bed boiler is heated on one side.

The water-cooling gas-solid separation device does not need any special device and separation original, and the water-cooling high-temperature inertia gravity separator is naturally formed by the heating surface space, so that compared with the traditional fluidized bed boiler matched with a cyclone separator, the water-cooling high-temperature inertia gravity separator can save about 10 percent of wear-resistant heat-insulating materials and about 5 percent of steel frames of the whole machine. Therefore, each boiler of the CFB with the temperature of more than 75T can save about 50 percent of refractory and heat-insulating materials and about 40 percent of steel frames.

The seven-return water-cooling flue structure of the invention ensures that the flue gas flow of the supercritical CFB boiler with the height of more than 600MW is still obviously longer than that of a fluidized bed boiler with a cyclone separator under the condition of reducing the height of the boiler body by 40 percent, and only the flue gas flow can save 40 percent of wear-resistant heat-insulating materials and 40 percent of steel frames of the whole boiler; according to the structural rule of the four-return water-cooling flue: each boiler of the supercritical CFB with the power of more than 600MW can save about 60 percent of fireproof heat-insulating materials, about 50 percent of steel frames, and the whole double surfaces of the five cross wall membrane type water-cooled walls are heated, so that the heat transfer effect can be obviously improved.

The invention relates to a longitudinal wet steam cooling flue at the upper part of a hearth of an ultra-large power station boiler structure, wherein six surfaces of the upper part, the lower part, the front part, the rear part and two sides of the longitudinal wet steam cooling flue at the upper part of the hearth are all wet structures, namely the upper wall of the longitudinal wet steam cooling flue at the upper part of the hearth is a full-film water wall and heat insulation material, the lower wall of the longitudinal wet steam cooling flue at the upper part of the hearth is a high-temperature superheater covering six flues, the high-temperature superheater is sealed (sealing layer) by pouring refractory materials with a film-wall high-temperature superheater or a light tube high-temperature superheater, is abutted against an outlet of an ascending flue (an inlet of the longitudinal wet steam cooling flue at the front top part of the boiler) at the front three return strokes of the hearth and an outlet of an ascending flue (an inlet of the longitudinal wet steam cooling flue at the rear top part of the boiler) at the rear, The distance between the light pipe high-temperature overheaters is the outlet of the front three return upward flues of the hearth and the outlet of the rear three return upward flues of the hearth; the high-temperature superheater is closely attached to the top of the vertical shaft flue, and the distance between the high-temperature superheater and the vertical shaft flue is equal to the distance between the high-temperature superheater and the vertical shaft flue; the front wall of the boiler top flue is a hearth front wall film type water-cooled wall and a heat insulation material, and the rear wall of the boiler top flue is a hearth rear wall film type water-cooled wall and a heat insulation material. Not only effectively protects the furnace wall and can prolong the service life of the flue by 5-7 years, but also increases the heating surface and can improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler. And the top flue of the cyclone separator fluidized bed boiler is poured by high-temperature refractory materials, so that the service life is short, and the heat dissipation loss is large.

The invention has three beneficial effects that the upper part tapered section burning guarding belt of the hearth and the two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue bring: the cross section of the whole process of the burnout chamber (three-return-stroke ascending flue) is favorably enlarged, the whole process low flow velocity of the exhaust flue is ensured, the burnout degree of combustible materials is favorably improved, and the entrainment of the air flow to the fly ash is reduced. And secondly, the smoke temperature and the smoke speed can be improved, and the smoke can timely enter an auxiliary combustion chamber with a large expansion space and a turning channel for full combustion and radiation heat transfer. Thirdly, the burning protection belt with the gradually-reduced section on the upper part of the hearth can improve the heat load on the upper part of the hearth, the normal high temperature of the upper part of the hearth can be met by natural secondary air or lower secondary hot air temperature, and the hot air can be concentrated to meet the requirements of high temperature and low oxygen (flue gas recirculation) of primary air in a dense-phase area.

The cross sections of the auxiliary combustion chamber (large expansion space and turning channel) and the burnout chamber (three-return-stroke ascending flue) are all larger than the cross section of the hearth, so that full combustion and radiant heat transfer of combustible materials are facilitated, the carbon content of fly ash is reduced, and the heat efficiency is improved.

The fluidized bed boiler with the water-cooling gas-solid separator, the four-return-stroke water-cooling flues and the seven-return-stroke water-cooling flues also comprises a water outlet, an automatic exhaust valve, a steam outlet, a reheater and an air guide main pipe, wherein the four-in-one water-cooling ceiling is longitudinally arranged at the upper ends of a transverse collecting box on the front wall of a hearth, a transverse collecting box on the rear wall of the hearth, a transverse collecting box on the water-cooling wall of a guide smoke direct flushing storage bin, a transverse collecting box on the front wall of a vertical shaft and a transverse collecting box on the rear wall of the vertical shaft; the superheater ceiling is longitudinally arranged at the upper ends of a transverse collecting box on the front wall of the hearth, a transverse collecting box on the rear wall of the hearth, a transverse collecting box on the water-cooled wall of a guide flue gas direct-flushing storage bin, a transverse collecting box on the front wall of the shaft and a transverse collecting box on the rear wall of the shaft, the front end of the superheater ceiling is communicated with a steam outlet, the rear end of the superheater ceiling is communicated with a reheater, and an air duct penetrates through the superheater ceiling and is communicated with an air guide main pipe.

The full-film water-cooled wall separator, the full-film water-cooled wall flue and the full-film water (steam) cooling ceiling have good sealing performance, are beneficial to protecting the furnace wall, greatly prolong the service life of the boiler and save the maintenance cost; but also can thoroughly solve the difficulty that the heating surface in the large circulating fluidized bed boiler bed can not be arranged; the defects that the overall arrangement mode of a combustion system, equipment and a boiler of a traditional fluidized bed external bed (external superheater) is complex can be thoroughly solved. The stage that the large circulating fluidized bed power station boiler depends on module superposition or amplification is thoroughly separated, and the larger the boiler is, the larger the saved refractory heat-insulating material and steel frame is.

Ultra-high heat transfer performance: the five cross wall membrane type water-cooled walls of the front wall membrane type water-cooled wall and the rear wall membrane type water-cooled wall of the hearth of the CFB boiler with the seven-return water-cooled flue, the dust-containing smoke direct flushing bin water-cooled wall, the front wall membrane type water-cooled wall of the vertical shaft and the rear wall membrane type water-cooled wall of the vertical shaft are heated on two sides. All of the cross-wall membrane walls of a conventional CFB boiler are heated on all of one side.

The water circulation flow resistance is little, easy access and maintenance, equipment operation safety and stability: all the headers of the membrane water-cooled wall of the separator are straight headers, and both ends of each header are provided with hand holes; the membrane water-cooled wall header of the water-vapor cold cyclone separator is a circular header, so that the water circulation flow resistance is high, and the maintenance is difficult once the scale deposition is serious due to management errors; and once the anti-abrasion castable on the surface of the cyclone cylinder falls off the steam-water pipeline, the steam-water pipeline is quickly abraded to cause leakage.

High-end structural design, furnace body gas tightness is super good, and performance is stable for a long time: the full-membrane type water-cooled wall hearth, the full-membrane type water-cooled wall separator, the full-membrane type water-cooled wall vertical shaft and the full-membrane type water-cooled wall ceiling can all be in a full-membrane type water-cooled wall integrated structure; the service life of the whole boiler can be prolonged. The hearth, the separator and the vertical shaft of the water-vapor-cooled circular cyclone fluidized bed boiler are all independent structures, and the more the number of the cyclones, the more the independent structures are. Some parts are difficult to realize the full-film water-cooled wall, but the pouring of the refractory material is adopted, so that the service life is influenced, the maintenance cost is increased, and the heat loss is increased.

The new process and the remarkable beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can adopt different design, manufacture and installation processes of the boiler body according to the size of the boiler.

1. The invention relates to a small boiler body; the components are assembled into a component in a factory, so that the manufacturing quality is ensured and the manufacturing efficiency is improved by utilizing the tool, and the whole machine can be assembled on the site in a split manner. The installation method can greatly reduce the field processing and installation amount, and is favorable for ensuring the installation quality and improving the installation efficiency.

2. The invention relates to a boiler body; the single components are processed in a factory and are communicated and assembled on a construction site through communicating pipes. The installation method can greatly reduce the field processing and installation amount and obviously improve the installation quality and the installation efficiency.

3. The invention is a large, large and ultra-large boiler body; the single components are processed in a piece mode in a factory, the single components are butt-welded and additionally welded to seal flat iron in a piece mode on a construction site, and the single components are communicated with the communicating pipe, the air guide pipe and the down pipe respectively. The field processing and installation amount is greatly reduced, and the installation quality is ensured and the installation efficiency is improved.

4. The structure is simple, the process is advanced: enterprises with 100% A-grade qualification of the full-mode wall high-end product can produce the full-mode wall high-end product, and most of enterprises with B-grade qualification can produce the full-mode wall high-end product, so that the manufacturing and installation cost is greatly saved. However, Chinese enterprises with 90% A-level qualification of the water-vapor cold circular cyclone separator have no capacity for production, only a few enterprises with A-level qualification can produce at present, the process is extremely complex, and the manufacturing and installation cost is extremely high; although the high-temperature water vapor cooling circular cyclone fluidized bed boiler has many advantages over the high-temperature adiabatic cyclone fluidized bed boiler, the market share is very low due to high manufacturing cost and high selling price.

The novel high-temperature water cold gas-solid separator has the following remarkable beneficial effects:

the key point of the novel high-temperature water cold gas-solid separator is that the membrane water-cooled wall of the rear wall of the hearth is bent forwards and upwards at the upper part of the hearth and extends to form a gradually-reduced sectional area with a large lower part and a small upper part, and the purpose is as follows: firstly, the sectional area of an upper hearth is reduced, the thermal load of the upper hearth is improved by adding a burning guarding belt with a gradually-reduced section on the upper part of the hearth, the water cooling degree is reduced, and the temperature and the smoke velocity entering a water-cooling separator are improved so as to facilitate the full combustion in a secondary combustion chamber with a large expansion space; secondly, the flue section of the descending flue is changed to be a tapered section with a large upper part (a flue gas inlet) and a small lower part (a flue gas outlet), so that the flow resistance is reduced, the expansion multiple of the descending tapered flue is enlarged, the dust-containing flue gas is suddenly enlarged and decelerated after accelerating the outlet of the descending tapered flue from a two-return high temperature, and the optimal gas-solid gravity separation effect is ensured; thirdly, not only the smoke velocity of the reducing flue at the upper part of the hearth is improved, but also the smoke velocity of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerating descending reducing flue is improved, the rear wall (guiding the dust-containing smoke to directly flush with the water cooling wall of the storage bin) of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerating descending reducing flue is also moved forwards, so that the section of the three-return-stroke ascending flue, namely the burnout chamber, is naturally enlarged, the smoke velocity is designed according to 3-less than 5m per second, the retention time of the combustible in the three-return-stroke ascending flue is prolonged, the combustible is favorably and fully burnt out, the Yangxi entrainment of the fly ash by airflow can be greatly reduced, and the initial emission concentration of the smoke dust is greatly reduced. Fourthly, the measure special for ultra-low emission of pollutants is considered, the sectional area of an upper hearth is reduced, the heat load of the upper hearth is improved by adding a combustion protecting belt with a gradually-reduced section on the upper part of the hearth, the water cooling degree is reduced, the temperature of the outlet of the hearth can be stabilized by using natural wind for secondary wind, and hot wind of an air preheater can be concentrated on primary wind to ensure that the temperature of the primary wind can reach 850-900 ℃ when a dense-phase region is anoxic; ensuring low oxygen and high temperature to realize the generation of ultra-low NOx.

The invention does not need any special device and separating element, and the two return strokes descend the reducing flue; an auxiliary combustion chamber (a large expansion space and a turning channel); the space of the heating surface of the burnout chamber (three return-stroke ascending flue) naturally forms a high-temperature water-cooling inertia gravity separator. The gas-solid two-phase efficient separation is realized by adopting the design of different flow velocities of the dust-containing flue gas in different flow directions from different sections behind the flue gas outlet of the hearth; namely, a dust-containing smoke guiding direct flushing bin water-cooling wall guiding gas-solid two-phase flow to a bin is arranged at a two-return smoke inlet (a hearth smoke outlet), the characteristic that solid particle combustible suspended on the upper part of a hearth is directly conveyed into the bin by airflow is formed, gas-solid two-phase flow is forced to directly flush a large expansion space from the 180-degree sharp turn of the hearth outlet and then flows to the bin, the first high-concentration solid particles directly and rapidly fall into the bottom of the bin through the centrifugal force and drag attraction of the sharp turn, then the gas-solid two-phase flow vertically and downwards in the same direction, the gravity of a body is strengthened by the blowing force of the airflow, then the gravity of the gravity and the vertical falling force from high to low make the falling flow velocity of the solid higher than the flow velocity of the airflow, most of the solid particles directly and rapidly fall into the bottom of the bin from the two-return high-temperature accelerated descending gradually-reducing flue outlet, one part of the solid fine particles are settled in the bin through the sudden expansion, a small amount of fine particles falling into the auxiliary combustion chamber are fully combusted continuously, and the airflow carries very limited fly ash to enter a vertical shaft flue through a flue gas outlet of the burnout chamber at a low flow speed of 3-5 meters. The gas-solid high-efficiency separation is realized without any special device and separation element.

The novel high-temperature water cold gas-solid separator has the following beneficial effects:

1. the energy consumption is ultralow, the separator does not need any special device and separation original, and the fireproof heat-insulating material and steel frame support of all cyclone separators can be saved.

2. Ultralow initial smoke and dust discharges, reduces the convection heating area deposition by a wide margin, reduces thermal resistance and flow resistance, and the operating efficiency is stable: the initial emission concentration of the smoke dust is 1800mg/m³---3000mg/m³. And the initial emission concentration of the smoke dust of the cyclone separator fluidized bed boiler is 15000mg/m³---50000mg/m³。

3. The power consumption of the induced draft fan is saved due to ultralow resistance: the local highest smoke velocity of the water-cooling inertial gravity separator is 10 meters. While the optimum flow rates for the adiabatic cyclone and the vapor-cooled circular cyclone are 25-30 meters.

4. Ultrahigh separation efficiency, and eliminating the abrasion of the convection heating surface: the initial smoke emission concentration from the present invention is 1800mg/m³---3000mg/m³(ii) a It can be concluded that eliminating the abrasion of convection heating surface is undoubted, and the service life of boiler can be prolonged.

5. Ultrahigh combustion efficiency, reduced carbon content in fly ash: the gas-solid two phases stay for a long time in the separator, and the smoke enters the auxiliary combustion chamber with a large expansion space to continuously and fully combust and burn out the combustible; and the smoke of the traditional CFB boiler enters the central cylinder in the second return cyclone cylinder, and the combustion is stopped.

The invention relates to a novel water-cooling gas-solid separation technology, which has the following inventive concept: according to the basic principle of gravity settling, the invention not only realizes the high-efficiency separation of gas and solid, but also realizes the full combustion of solid combustible in the auxiliary combustion chamber and the burnout chamber by changing the flow direction of the dust-containing flue gas from the outlet of the hearth and scientifically designing the flow velocity change of the dust-containing flue gas in different process sections.

The invention adopts a brand-new gas-solid separation principle and a brand-new water-cooling gas-solid separator structure, so that a core component of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, namely the water-cooling gas-solid separator, does not need any special device or separation element, and a high-temperature inertial gravity separator is naturally formed by a heating surface space. The breakthrough of the technology brings about all-round revolutionary change of the fluidized bed boiler, not only can greatly reduce the height of the boiler body and save the raw materials of the boiler body, but also has simple structure and advanced process; but also can solve all the pain points that the traditional fluidized bed boiler core component cyclone separator has high energy consumption of raw materials, high manufacturing and installation cost, high failure rate, high maintenance and repair cost and easy abrasion of the convection heating surface.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems in the prior art is as follows: the novel high-temperature water cold gas-solid separator consists of a two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue, an auxiliary combustion chamber, a burnout chamber (a three-return upward flue) and a material returning device; the front wall of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue is a forward bending point of a furnace cavity rear wall film water-cooled wall to a forward and upward bending inclined section of the furnace cavity rear wall film water-cooled wall, the rear wall of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue is a front wall of a dust-containing smoke direct-flushing storage bin water-cooled wall, two side walls of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue are a furnace cavity side symmetrical film water-cooled wall and a three-in-one side symmetrical film water-cooled wall, the upper end of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue is a water-cooled ceiling or a superheater ceiling, and the lower end of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward; the front wall of the auxiliary combustion chamber is a film water-cooled wall of the rear wall of the hearth, the rear wall of the auxiliary combustion chamber is a front wall of a vertical shaft flue, and two side walls of the auxiliary combustion chamber are three-in-one side symmetric film water-cooled walls; the upper end of the auxiliary combustion chamber is the lower end of the water-cooled wall of the guide dust-containing smoke direct-flushing storage bin, and the lower end of the auxiliary combustion chamber is the upper end of the storage bin. The material returning device consists of a storage bin, a material leg, a material returning device and a material returning leg; the upper end of the bin is hermetically communicated with the lower end of the auxiliary combustion chamber, and the lower end of the bin is hermetically communicated with the upper end of the dipleg; the lower end of the dipleg is hermetically communicated with the upper end of the material returning valve; the lower end of the material returning valve is communicated with the upper end of the material returning leg in a sealing way; the lower end of the material returning leg is communicated with the film type water cooled wall of the back wall of the hearth in a sealing way.

The invention discloses a method for improving high-efficiency gas-solid separation of a novel high-temperature water cold gas-solid separator, which comprises the following steps: the smoke velocity at the outlet end of the descending tapered flue is accelerated by a large margin at high temperature in the two return strokes, the sudden expansion and deceleration speed multiplication entering the auxiliary combustion chamber is increased, the effect that the gravity of solid combustible matters is settled in the storage bin is enhanced, the full combustion in the auxiliary combustion chamber is facilitated, the smoke velocity of the burnout chamber is reduced by a large margin, the residence time of the combustible matters can be increased, the burnout degree entering the burnout chamber is improved, the Yangxi entrainment of fly ash by airflow can be reduced by a large margin, and the initial emission concentration of smoke dust is reduced by a large margin.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a steam boiler body 1 in the form of a horizontal single-drum water-cooling and superheater ceiling of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a 2 nd embodiment of a horizontal single drum water cooling and superheater ceiling steam boiler body of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a 3 rd proposal of the steam boiler body with a transverse single-drum water-cooling ceiling;

FIG. 4 is a 4 th plan front view of the steam boiler body of the horizontal single-drum water-cooling ceiling of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a front view of a 5 th embodiment of a forced circulation tube rack type hot water boiler body for a water-cooled ceiling according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a front view of the 6 th embodiment of the steam boiler body of the horizontal single-drum superheater ceiling of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a front view of a 7 th embodiment of the steam boiler body with a transverse single-drum superheated steam ceiling according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a front view of an 8 th embodiment of a boiler body of an ultra-large power station with a seven-pass full-steam cooling surface for flue gas of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view A-A of the front view of the 8 th embodiment of the ultra-large utility boiler body of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the working process of the new high-temperature water cold gas-solid separator of the new structure and new technology of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the communication between the downcomer and the flue of the large, medium and small boilers according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the connection between the downcomer and the flue of the oversized boiler according to the invention.

Wherein, 1-a lower transverse collecting box of a front wall of a hearth, 2-a symmetrical lower longitudinal collecting box of a side of the hearth, 3-a lower transverse collecting box of a back wall of the hearth, 4-a membrane type water cooling wall of a front wall of the hearth, 5-a membrane type water cooling wall of a back wall of the hearth, 6-a material returning leg, 7-a material returning valve, 8-a material returning leg, 9-a symmetrical membrane type water cooling wall of a side of the hearth, 10-a main combustion chamber of the hearth, 11-a material bin, 12-a symmetrical lower longitudinal collecting box of a side of a triple (a lower flue, an upper flue and a vertical flue), 13-a turning channel, 14-a forward bending point of the membrane type water cooling wall of the back wall of the hearth, 15-a two-return high-temperature accelerating descending flue outlet, 16-a lower transverse collecting box of a direct-flushing material bin for dust-containing flue gas, 17-a forward bending inclined section of, 19-two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue, 20-burnout chamber (three-return upward flue), 21-hearth rear wall upper transverse collecting tank, 22-communicating pipe, 23-hearth flue gas outlet, 24-hearth water-cooled ceiling (one-return water-cooled ceiling), 25-descending main pipe, 26-boiler barrel, 27-hearth side symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting tank, 28-hearth water-cooled ceiling upper transverse collecting tank, 29-downward flue water-cooled ceiling (two-return water-cooled ceiling), 30-water-cooled ceiling transverse collecting tank, 31-superheater communicating pipe, 32-superheater ceiling, 33-gas guide main pipe, 34-side symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting tank gas guide pipe, 35-three-in-one side symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting tank (three-in-one is short for two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue 19, burnout chamber 20, vertical flue 41), 36-transverse collecting box air guide pipe, 37-vertical shaft front wall upper transverse collecting box, 38-economizer communicating pipe, 39-vertical shaft rear wall transverse collecting box, 40-combustion chamber flue gas outlet, 41-vertical shaft flue, 42-vertical shaft flue rear wall, 43-superheater, 44-auxiliary combustion chamber (large expansion space and turning channel), 45-vertical shaft flue front wall, 46-triple-in one-side symmetrical membrane water-cooling wall (triple-in one is: two-return high-temperature acceleration descending gradually-reducing flue side symmetrical membrane water-cooling wall, burn-out chamber side symmetrical membrane water-cooling wall, short for vertical shaft flue side symmetrical membrane water-cooling wall), 47-steam outlet, 48-economizer, 49-water inlet, 50-vertical shaft rear wall lower transverse collecting box, 51-vertical shaft front wall lower transverse collecting box, 52-vertical shaft water-cooling ceiling collecting box, 53-vertical shaft water-cooling ceiling (four-return water-cooling ceiling), 54-water-cooled ceiling of burnout chamber (three-pass water-cooled ceiling), 55-smoke outlet of burnout chamber, 56-two-in-one water-cooled ceiling upper transverse collection box (two-in-one: burnout chamber 20 and vertical shaft flue 41), 57-vertical shaft water-cooled ceiling (four-pass water-cooled ceiling), 58-furnace front wall upper transverse collection box, 59-communicating pipe, 60-furnace water-cooled ceiling lower transverse collection box, 61-guide smoke direct flushing bin water-cooled wall upper transverse collection box, 62-two-pass high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue water-cooled ceiling lower transverse collection box, 63-burnout chamber water-cooled ceiling lower transverse collection box, 64-communicating pipe, 65-burnout chamber smoke outlet, 66-superheater, 67-vertical shaft water-cooled ceiling (four-pass water-cooled ceiling), 68-vertical shaft water-cooled ceiling lower transverse collection box, 69-vertical shaft rear wall upper transverse collection box, 70-vertical shaft front wall transverse collecting tank, 71-communicating pipe, 72-four-in-one water-cooled ceiling front transverse collecting tank, 73-partition plate, 74-hearth smoke outlet upper transverse collecting tank, 75-water outlet, 76-gas collecting tank, 77-economizer communicating pipe, 78-communicating pipe, 79-upper transverse collecting tank, 80-superheater transverse collecting tank, 81-boiler front longitudinal gas guide main pipe, 82-boiler rear longitudinal gas guide main pipe, 83-communicating pipe, 84-transverse collecting tank, 85-descending main pipe, 86-communicating pipe, 87-bin rear wall transverse collecting tank, 88-communicating pipe, 89-bin front wall transverse collecting tank, 90-bin rear wall membrane water-cooled wall, 91-bin front wall membrane water-cooled wall, 92-bin rear wall lower transverse collecting tank, 93-bin front wall lower transverse collecting tank, 94-three return upward flues in front of a hearth (a longitudinal wet water vapor cooling flue inlet at the front top of the boiler), 95-high temperature superheater, 96-longitudinal wet water vapor cooling flue at the upper part of the hearth, 97-two-in-one side symmetrical upper longitudinal header, 98-membrane wall high temperature superheater or light pipe high temperature superheater, pouring refractory material seal (sealing layer), 99-middle side symmetrical upper longitudinal header, 100-boiler top flue water-cooling ceiling, 101-three return upward flues in back of the hearth (a longitudinal wet water vapor cooling flue inlet at the back of the boiler), 102-communicating pipe, 103-vertical shaft flue inlet, 104-two-in-one side symmetrical lower longitudinal header, 105-hearth front wall circulating pipe, 106-hearth rear wall circulating pipe, 107-transverse header, 108-membrane water-cooling wall, 109-air distribution plate, 110-air chamber, 111-water cold air chamber bottom and primary air inlet, 112-middle side symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting box, 113-side symmetrical membrane type water cooling wall, 114-bin side wall water cooling wall lower transverse collecting box, 115-bin side wall water cooling wall, 116-bin side wall water cooling wall upper transverse collecting box, 117-four-in-one water cooling ceiling rear transverse collecting box, 118-four-in-one water cooling ceiling (four-in-one means: hearth main combustion chamber 10, two-return high-temperature accelerated descending reducing flue 19, burnout chamber (three-return ascending flue) 20 and vertical shaft flue 41).

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1: referring to fig. 1, the boiler body of the present invention is two major parts of a "boiler" and a "furnace" in the conventional standard. The boiler is a pressed part for containing boiler water and steam, and comprises a closed steam-water system consisting of a boiler barrel, a water wall pipe, a membrane water wall, a convection tube bundle, a header tank, a superheater, an economizer and a pipeline, and the task of the closed steam-water system is to absorb heat energy released by fuel combustion and heat water into hot water or steam with specified temperature and pressure. "furnace" means a combustion facility, including a plenum, combustion chamber (hearth), separator, air preheater, flue, and steel frame, which functions to provide a place and good conditions for fuel combustion. The "boiler" in this embodiment refers only to the drum, the membrane wall, the convection bank, the header, the superheater, the economizer and the piping. "furnace" refers only to hearths, separators, flues, etc. Other structures of the boiler can adopt the conventional boiler structure conforming to the national standard, and other parts of the boiler, such as a boiler wall, a steel frame and the like, are not described in detail.

The fluidized bed boiler with the water-cooling gas-solid separator and the four and seven return water-cooling flues comprises a hearth, a main hearth chamber 10, a burning guarding belt with a gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth, a two-return high-temperature accelerating downward gradually-reducing flue 19, an auxiliary hearth chamber (a large expansion space and a turning channel) 44, a burnout chamber (a three-return upward flue) 20, a return water-cooling ceiling (a hearth water-cooling ceiling) 24, a two-return water-cooling ceiling (a downward flue water-cooling ceiling) 29 and a superheater ceiling 32, a return water-cooling ceiling (a hearth water-cooling ceiling) 24, a two-return water-cooling ceiling (a downward flue water-cooling ceiling) 29, a three-return water-cooling ceiling (a burnout chamber water-cooling ceiling) 54 and a four-return water-cooling ceiling (a vertical shaft water-cooling ceiling) 53, 57 and 67, a four-in-one water cooling ceiling 118 and a superheater ceiling 32, a longitudinal wet water vapor cooling flue 96 at the upper part of a hearth, a four-return water cooling flue, a seven-return water cooling flue, a steam guide pipe and an exhaust pipe.

Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the fluidized bed boiler having a water-cooling gas-solid separator and four and seven return water-cooling flues mainly includes a main combustion chamber 10 of a furnace chamber, a water-cooling gas-solid separator, a material returning device and a vertical flue 41. The embodiment is a circulating fluidized bed boiler with an all-film water-cooled wall hearth, an all-film water-cooled wall ceiling, an all-film water-cooled wall separator and an all-film water-cooled wall shaft.

In this embodiment, an air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the furnace, a main furnace chamber 10 is formed at the lower end of a forward bending point of the film-type water-cooled wall 5 from the air distribution plate at the bottom of the furnace to the middle upper part of the furnace, and the four walls of the main furnace chamber 10 are composed of a front furnace wall film-type water-cooled wall 4, a rear furnace wall film-type water-cooled wall 5 and a lateral symmetrical film-type water-cooled wall 9 of the furnace. The lower end of the film type water-cooled wall 4 of the front wall of the hearth is communicated with the lower transverse collecting box 1 of the front wall of the hearth, the upper end of the film type water-cooled wall 4 of the front wall of the hearth is bent backwards, inclined and extended upwards and is communicated with the upper transverse collecting box 28 of the water-cooled ceiling of the hearth in the radial direction to naturally form a water-cooled ceiling 24 of the hearth, and the front end of the water-cooled ceiling 24 of the hearth is vertically bent downwards and extended to be communicated with the lower transverse; the lower end of the film type water-cooled wall 5 of the hearth rear wall is communicated with the lower transverse collecting box 3 of the hearth rear wall, and the upper end of the film type water-cooled wall 5 of the hearth rear wall is bent forwards and upwards at a determined point and is communicated with the upper transverse collecting box 21 of the hearth rear wall; the rear end of the upper part of the hearth main combustion chamber 10 is provided with a hearth flue gas outlet 23; the communicating pipes 22 at the lower end of the hearth flue gas outlet 23 are communicated with the upper transverse collecting tank 21 on the rear wall of the hearth, the communicating pipes 22 at the upper end of the hearth flue gas outlet 23 are communicated with the upper transverse collecting tank 28 on the water-cooled ceiling of the hearth, and the hearth flue gas outlet 23 is arranged on the inner sides of the two communicating pipes 22; the lower ends of the hearth side symmetric membrane water-cooled walls 9 are communicated with the hearth side symmetric lower longitudinal collecting boxes 2, the upper ends of the hearth side symmetric membrane water-cooled walls 9 are communicated with the hearth side symmetric upper longitudinal collecting boxes 27, heat insulation layers are built outside two side walls and the front wall of the hearth, and heat insulation layers are built on the rear wall of the hearth except for a common wall. The water-cooling gas-solid separator of the embodiment comprises a two-return high-temperature accelerated descending tapered flue 19, a burnout chamber (a three-return ascending flue) 20, an auxiliary combustion chamber 44 and a storage bin 11; the material returning device of this embodiment includes material returning leg 6, material returning valve 7, dipleg 8.

The front wall of a two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue 19 of the water-cooling gas-solid separator is a forward bending point 14 of a film water-cooling wall of a hearth rear wall to a forward upward bending inclined section 17 of the film water-cooling wall of the hearth rear wall, the rear wall of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue 19 is a water-cooling wall 18 for guiding dust-containing smoke to directly flush a bin, the front part of the two side walls of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue 19 is a hearth side symmetrical film water-cooling wall 9, and the rear part of the two side walls of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue 19 is a three-in. In the embodiment, the lower end of the water-cooled wall 18 of the guide dust-laden gas direct flushing bunker is communicated with the lower transverse collecting box 16 of the guide dust-laden gas direct flushing bunker, the upper end of the water-cooled wall 18 of the guide dust-laden gas direct flushing bunker is bent forwards, inclined, extended upwards and radially communicated with the upper transverse collecting box 28 of the hearth water-cooled ceiling to naturally form a downlink flue water-cooled ceiling 29 of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downlink tapered flue 19, and the rear end of the downlink flue water-cooled ceiling 29 is vertically bent downwards and extended to be communicated with the lower transverse collecting box 16 of the guide dust-laden.

The front wall of a burnout chamber 20 of the water-cooling gas-solid separator is a water-cooling wall 18 for guiding dust-containing smoke to directly impact a storage bin, the rear wall of the burnout chamber 20 is a vertical shaft flue front wall 45, two side walls of the burnout chamber 20 are triple-side symmetrical membrane type water-cooling walls 46, the top end of the burnout chamber 20 is a superheater ceiling 32 or a water-cooling ceiling, and the lower end of the burnout chamber 20 is provided with a burnout chamber smoke inlet 40. The front wall of an auxiliary combustion chamber 44 of the water-cooling gas-solid separator is a furnace cavity rear wall film type water-cooling wall 5, the rear wall of the auxiliary combustion chamber 44 is a vertical shaft flue front wall 45, the upper end of the auxiliary combustion chamber 44 is provided with a two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue outlet 15 and a three-return upward flue inlet (a burnout chamber flue gas inlet), the two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue outlet 15 is communicated with the three-return upward flue inlet (a burnout chamber flue gas inlet), the lower end of the auxiliary combustion chamber 44 is the upper end of a storage bin 11, and two side walls of the auxiliary combustion chamber 44 are three-in-one side symmetrical film type water-cooling walls 46.

The feed bin 11 of the water-cooling gas-solid separator is composed of one or more trapezoid bodies with rectangular or square cross sections and large top and small bottom eccentric forward, the upper end of the front wall of the feed bin 11 is tightly sealed with the membrane type water-cooled wall 5 of the rear wall of the hearth, the upper end of the rear wall of the feed bin 11 is tightly sealed with the lower end of the front wall 45 of the shaft flue, the upper ends of the two outer side walls of the feed bin 11 are tightly sealed with the lower longitudinal header 12 symmetrical to one side of the triple box, the lower ends of the front wall and the rear wall of the feed bin 11 are inwards inclined and separated by a partition plate of the feed bin 11 to form one or more trapezoid feed bins with rectangular or square cross sections and large top and small top and concentric or eccentric forward, and the. The lower end of the dipleg 8 is communicated with the upper end of the material returning valve 7 in a sealing way, the upper end of the material returning leg 6 is communicated with the lower end of the material returning valve 7 in a sealing way, and the lower end of the material returning leg 6 is communicated with the membrane type water cooled wall 5 of the back wall of the hearth in a sealing way.

The membrane type water-cooled wall 5 of the hearth rear wall at the upper part of the hearth is bent forwards and upwards to extend to the lower end of a hearth flue gas outlet 23 to be communicated with an upper transverse collecting box 21 of the hearth rear wall, a communicating pipe 22 at the upper end of the hearth flue gas outlet 23 is communicated with an upper transverse collecting box 74 of the hearth flue gas outlet, and a communicating pipe 22 at the lower end of the hearth flue gas outlet 23 is communicated with the upper transverse collecting box 21 of the hearth rear wall; the upper end of the combustion preventing belt with the gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth is a water-cooling ceiling or a superheater ceiling 32, the front wall of the combustion preventing belt with the gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth is a membrane type water-cooling wall 4 of the front wall of the hearth, the rear wall of the combustion preventing belt with the gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth is a flue gas outlet 23 of the hearth, the middle lower part of the rear wall of the combustion preventing belt with the gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth is a membrane type water-cooling wall forward and upward bending inclined section 17 of the rear wall of the hearth.

The shaft flue 41 of the embodiment is composed of a shaft flue front wall 45, a shaft flue rear wall 42, a three-in-one symmetrical membrane type water-cooled wall 46 and a superheater ceiling 32.

The lower end of the vertical shaft flue front wall 45 is communicated with the vertical shaft front wall lower transverse collecting box 51, and the upper end of the vertical shaft flue front wall 45 is communicated with the vertical shaft front wall transverse collecting box 37;

the lower end of the vertical shaft flue rear wall 42 is communicated with the vertical shaft rear wall lower transverse collecting box 50, and the upper end of the vertical shaft flue rear wall 42 is communicated with the vertical shaft rear wall transverse collecting box 39;

the lower ends of the three-in-one side symmetric membrane water-cooled walls 46 of the two side walls of the vertical shaft flue 41 are communicated with the three-in-one side symmetric lower longitudinal header 12, and the upper ends of the three-in-one side symmetric membrane water-cooled walls 46 are communicated with the three-in-one side symmetric upper longitudinal header 35.

A superheater 32 or a reheater is arranged in a shaft flue 41 of the fluidized bed boiler, a superheater ceiling 32 is arranged at the top end of the burnout chamber 20 and the top end of the shaft flue 41, one end of the superheater ceiling 32 is communicated with a steam outlet 47, and the other end of the superheater ceiling 32 is communicated with a superheater 43 or a reheater in the shaft flue 41.

The novel high-temperature water-cooling gas-solid separation working process of the embodiment: fluidized bed combustion is a combustion of bed materials in a fluidized state, and the fuel can be fossil fuel, industrial and agricultural wastes, municipal domestic waste and various inferior fuels, biomass combustion or mixed combustion of biomass and coal. The coarse and heavy particles are burnt at the lower part of the main combustion chamber 10 of the hearth, the fine particles are burnt at the upper part of the main combustion chamber 10 of the hearth, the solid particles blown out of the flue gas outlet 23 of the hearth are forced to flow in the same direction under 180 DEG sharp rotation under the action of guiding the dust-containing flue gas to directly blow the water cooling wall 18 of the bin, the solid particles flow downwards through the two-pass high-temperature accelerated descending and reducing flue 19 to directly blow the bin 11, the first high-concentration solid particles directly and quickly fall into the bin bottom of the bin 11 at a speed higher than the air flow speed through the sharp rotation centrifugal force and drag attraction, particularly the gravity of the blowing force reinforcing body of the air flow, the attraction and the high-to-low direct falling force of the solid, the fine particles which do not fall into the bin bottom of the bin 11 are continuously burnt and subjected to radiation convection heat transfer in the secondary combustion chamber 44, the fly ash carried by the air flow is fully burnt to the smoke dust in the burning chamber 20, and the fly ash, The upward-turning inertial separation and the flushing collision inertial separation direct falling auxiliary combustion chamber 44 with the fork exhaust pipe bundle of the burnout chamber flue gas outlet 40 reach the stock bin 11, and are returned to the hearth main combustion chamber 10 through the dipleg 8, the material returning valve 7 and the material returning leg 6 for multiple cycles, and solid particles are fully combusted and heat transferred in the cycle process.

The smoke path of the embodiment: the flue gas passes through a hearth flue gas outlet 23, is turned sharply at 180 degrees and directly enters a two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue 19, passes through a two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue outlet 15, enters an auxiliary combustion chamber 44, passes through a turning channel 13 and enters a burnout chamber 20, the flue gas which is burned out through the burnout chamber 20 enters a vertical shaft flue 41 through a burnout chamber flue gas outlet 40, namely a water wall tube bundle fork exhaust gap at the upper end of a front wall 45 of the vertical shaft flue, passes through a flue gas exhaust port, is subjected to scouring and convection heat transfer with a superheater 43 and an economizer 48, enters a dust remover through a flue gas exhaust port, is subjected to flue gas stat.

The steam water path of the embodiment: the inlet water enters an economizer 48 from a water inlet 49 and enters a drum 26 through an economizer communicating pipe 38, the low-temperature water enters a hearth front wall lower transverse collecting tank 1, a hearth side symmetrical lower longitudinal collecting tank 2, a hearth rear wall lower transverse collecting tank 3, a three-in-one side symmetrical lower longitudinal collecting tank 12, a guide dust-containing flue gas direct flushing bin lower transverse collecting tank 16, a vertical shaft front wall lower transverse collecting tank 51 and a vertical shaft rear wall lower transverse collecting tank 50 through a descending main pipe 25 respectively, and then enters a hearth side symmetrical membrane water-cooling wall 9, a three-in-one side symmetrical membrane water-cooling wall 46, a hearth rear wall membrane water-cooling wall 5, a guide dust-containing flue gas direct flushing bin water-cooling wall 18, a vertical shaft flue front wall 45 and a vertical shaft flue rear wall 42 respectively, the inlet water rises through radiation convection heat transfer, and enters a hearth side symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting tank 27, a side symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting tank 35, a hearth ceiling upper transverse collecting tank 28, a vertical shaft front wall upper transverse collecting tank 37, a vertical shaft front wall, And a horizontal collecting box 39 on the vertical shaft back wall enters the boiler barrel 26 through an air guide header 33 through an air guide pipe 34 of the vertical collecting box and an air guide pipe 36 of the horizontal collecting box which are laterally symmetrical, low-temperature water continues to descend and circulate, saturated steam enters a superheater ceiling 32 through a superheater communicating pipe 31, is close to a vertical shaft flue back wall 42, enters downwards from the upper end of a superheater 43, and is sent to a user through a steam outlet 47 at the lower end of the superheater 43.

Example 2: referring to fig. 2, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the shaft water-cooled ceiling 53 of the shaft flue 41 is different, the front upper end of the shaft water-cooled ceiling 53 is radially communicated with the shaft water-cooled ceiling upper horizontal header 52, and the rear lower end of the shaft water-cooled ceiling 53 is communicated with the shaft rear wall lower horizontal header 50; the steam and the flue gas of the superheater 43 have different flow directions, and the flow direction is reverse flow, and the steam enters from the lower part and goes up to the upper part; example 1 upflow downflow.

Example 3: referring to fig. 3, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the flue gas outlet 55 of the burnout chamber and the water-cooled ceiling 54 of the burnout chamber are provided, the flue gas burnt out by the burnout chamber 20 enters the shaft flue 41 through the flue gas outlet 55 of the burnout chamber (the gap between the tube bundles of the water-cooled wall at the vertical upper end of the burnout chamber 20), passes through the smoke outlet by flushing and convection heat transfer with the economizer 48, enters the dust remover through the smoke outlet, is subjected to flue gas staticization, and is discharged to the chimney through the induced draft fan to enter the.

Another difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is the water-cooled ceiling 54 of the burnout chamber. The upper centers of the burnout chamber (three-pass flue) 20 and the vertical shaft flue 41 are provided with a two-in-one water-cooling ceiling upper transverse collecting box 56, the front of the two-in-one water-cooling ceiling upper transverse collecting box 56 is communicated with a burnout chamber water-cooling ceiling 54 which extends forwards to be abutted against the rear end of a down flue water-cooling ceiling 29, bends downwards for a certain distance by 90 degrees, bends backwards to form a dilution gap, extends to the position of a vertical shaft flue front wall 45, and then bends vertically downwards to extend to be communicated with a vertical shaft front wall lower transverse collecting box 51. The rear part of the two-in-one water-cooled ceiling upper horizontal collecting box 56 is communicated with a shaft water-cooled ceiling 57, extends backwards to the position of the shaft flue rear wall 42, and then is vertically bent downwards to extend to be communicated with the shaft rear wall lower horizontal collecting box 50.

Example 4: referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that:

(1) the upper ends of the film type water cooled walls 4 of the front wall of the hearth are respectively communicated with an upper transverse collecting box 58 of the front wall of the hearth; the upper end of the membrane type water-cooled wall 18 of the guide dust-laden flue gas direct flushing storage bin is communicated with an upper transverse collecting box 61 of the water-cooled wall of the guide flue gas direct flushing storage bin; the upper end of the front wall 45 of the vertical shaft flue is communicated with a horizontal collecting box 70 on the front wall of the vertical shaft; the upper end of the shaft flue rear wall 42 is communicated with a shaft rear wall transverse header 69.

(2) The front lower end of the hearth water-cooling ceiling 24 is communicated with a lower transverse collecting box 60 of the hearth water-cooling ceiling; a two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue water-cooling ceiling lower transverse header 62 is communicated with the rear lower end of the downward flue water-cooling ceiling 29; the front end of the water-cooled ceiling 54 of the burnout chamber is vertically bent downwards and extends to be communicated with a lower horizontal collecting box 63 of the water-cooled ceiling of the burnout chamber, and the rear upper end of the water-cooled ceiling 54 of the burnout chamber is communicated with a two-in-one upper horizontal collecting box 56 of the water-cooled ceiling; the vertical shaft water-cooling ceiling 67 is longitudinally arranged at the upper ends of the upper transverse collecting box 58 of the front wall of the hearth, the upper transverse collecting box 21 of the rear wall of the hearth, the upper transverse collecting box 61 of the water-cooling wall of the guide flue gas direct flushing storage bin, the upper transverse collecting box 70 of the front wall of the vertical shaft and the upper transverse collecting box 69 of the rear wall of the vertical shaft, the front upper end of the vertical shaft water-cooling ceiling 67 is radially communicated with the upper transverse collecting box 28 of the water-cooling ceiling of the hearth, and the rear lower end of the vertical shaft water-cooling.

(3) The upper ends of the three communicating pipes 59 are respectively communicated with a hearth water-cooling ceiling lower transverse collecting tank 60, a two-pass high-temperature accelerated descending gradually-reduced flue water-cooling ceiling lower transverse collecting tank 62 and a vertical shaft water-cooling ceiling lower transverse collecting tank 68, and the lower ends of the three communicating pipes 59 are respectively communicated with a hearth front wall upper transverse collecting tank 58, a guide flue gas direct flushing storage bin water-cooling wall upper transverse collecting tank 61 and a vertical shaft rear wall upper transverse collecting tank 69; the upper end of the communicating pipe 64 is communicated with a lower horizontal collecting tank 63 of the water-cooled ceiling of the burnout chamber, and the lower end of the communicating pipe 64 is communicated with a vertical shaft rear wall horizontal collecting tank 69.

(4) A superheater 66 is installed at the upper end entrance of the shaft flue 41.

Example 5: referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment is a forced circulation tube rack type hot water boiler, which is different from embodiment 4: the first embodiment is that the upper transverse collecting box 28 of the hearth water-cooling ceiling and the transverse collecting box air duct 36 are removed, the hearth water-cooling ceiling 24, the downward flue water-cooling ceiling 29, the lower transverse collecting box 68 of the vertical shaft water-cooling ceiling, the vertical shaft water-cooling ceiling 67 are removed, the lower transverse collecting box 60 of the hearth water-cooling ceiling is removed, the upper transverse collecting box 61 of the water-cooling wall of the guide flue gas direct flushing storage bin, the lower transverse collecting box 63 of the water-cooling ceiling of the burnout chamber, the lower transverse collecting box 68 of the vertical shaft water-cooling ceiling, the communicating pipe 59, the communicating pipe 64 and the superheater 66 are removed, the upper transverse collecting box 58 of the hearth front wall, the transverse collecting box 69 of the vertical shaft rear wall and the lower end of the upper longitudinal collecting box are removed, and the upper transverse collecting box 28 of the hearth water-cooling ceiling is changed into; at the upper end of the upper longitudinal header, the water-cooled ceiling is replaced by a four-in-one water-cooled ceiling 118; secondly, a partition plate 73 and a communicating pipe 71 are added; thirdly, the directions of circulating water paths of the coal economizer 48 are different; the fourth step is that the boiler barrel 26 is changed into a four-in-one water-cooling ceiling rear horizontal collecting tank 117, the position of the four-in-one water-cooling ceiling rear horizontal collecting tank 117 is arranged at the rear upper end of the boiler body, and a gas collecting tank 76 and a communicating pipe 78 are additionally arranged.

In the forced circulation tube rack type hot water boiler of the embodiment, the front end of the four-in-one water-cooling ceiling 118 is communicated with the front horizontal collecting tank 72 of the four-in-one water-cooling ceiling, the rear end of the four-in-one water-cooling ceiling 118 is communicated with the rear horizontal collecting tank 117 of the four-in-one water-cooling ceiling, the water outlet 75 is communicated with the upper center of the rear horizontal collecting tank 117 of the four-in-one water-cooling ceiling, and the exhaust pipes penetrate through the four-in-one water-.

The water path of the forced circulation pipe rack type hot water boiler of the embodiment is as follows: the inlet water enters the economizer 48 from the water inlet 49, enters the vertical shaft rear wall transverse collecting tank 69 through the communicating pipe 77, is distributed to the vertical shaft flue rear wall 42 to descend into the vertical shaft rear wall lower transverse collecting tank 50, enters the three-in-one side symmetrical lower longitudinal collecting tank 12 through the communicating pipe 71, enters the three-in-one side symmetrical membrane type water-cooling wall 46 through the communicating pipe after passing through the rear part of the partition plate 73, ascends into the rear part of the three-in-one side symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting tank 35, is forced to enter the vertical shaft flue front wall 45 to descend into the vertical shaft front wall lower transverse collecting tank 51 through the rear part of the partition plate 71, enters the three-in-one side symmetrical lower longitudinal collecting tank 12 through the communicating pipe 71, is forced to ascend through the three-in-one side symmetrical water-cooling wall 46 through the partition plate 73, enters the three-in-side symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting tank 35 middle part, is forced to enter the guide dust-containing flue gas vertical flushing water-cooling silo upper transverse collecting tank 61 through the partition plate 73 The water enters the front section of the three-in-one side symmetrical lower longitudinal header 12 through the communicating pipes 78 at two ends, is forcibly distributed to the front section of the three-in-one side symmetrical membrane type water-cooled wall 46 by the partition plate 73 to ascend, enters the front section of the three-in-one side symmetrical upper longitudinal header 35 through the communicating pipes 71, enters the furnace side symmetrical upper longitudinal header 27 through the partition plate 73, forcibly enters the two-side communicating pipes 22 through the partition plate 73, enters the furnace rear wall upper transverse header 21, is distributed to the furnace rear wall membrane type water-cooled wall forward bending inclined section 17 and the furnace rear wall membrane type water-cooled wall 5, descends, enters the furnace rear wall lower transverse header 3, enters the furnace side symmetrical lower longitudinal header 2 and the furnace front wall lower transverse header 1 through the communicating pipes 71, forcibly ascends to the upper end through the furnace side symmetrical membrane type water-cooled wall 9 and the furnace front wall membrane type water-cooled wall 4, respectively enters the furnace side upper longitudinal header 27, the communicating pipes 71 and the furnace front wall 59, enters the furnace side symmetrical upper transverse header The rear transverse header 117 of the shed is sent to the heating system through the gas collecting tank 76 and the water outlet 75 in sequence.

Example 6: referring to fig. 6, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 5 in that: the present embodiment is a steam boiler, without the partition 73 and the communicating pipe; the boiler ceiling is a superheater ceiling 32; the water heated by the economizer 48 enters the drum 26 directly; the upper ends of the vertical shaft flue front wall 45 and the vertical shaft flue rear wall 42 are communicated with an upper transverse collecting box 79.

Example 7: referring to fig. 7, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: firstly, the covering surface of the superheater ceiling 32 increases the covering of a furnace water-cooling ceiling and a two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue ceiling; secondly, the position of the drum 26 is changed into an eccentric position; thirdly, a longitudinal air guide header 81 at the front part of the boiler, a longitudinal air guide header 82 at the rear part of the boiler are added, the lower part of the boiler barrel 26 is communicated with the upper end of a communicating pipe 83, the lower end of the communicating pipe 83 is communicated with a transverse collecting box 84, and the lower parts of the two side ends of the transverse collecting box 84 are communicated with a descending header 85.

Example 8: referring to fig. 8, the present embodiment is an ultra-large utility boiler, which is different from embodiment 7 in that: firstly, a group of new symmetrical high-temperature water-cooling gas-solid separators are added between the film type water-cooled wall 4 of the front wall of the hearth and the film type water-cooled wall 5 of the rear wall of the hearth; the new high-temperature water cold gas-solid separator comprises a two-return high-temperature accelerated descending tapered flue 19, an auxiliary combustion chamber (large expansion space and turning channel) 44, a burnout chamber (three-return ascending flue) 20, a front two-in-one side symmetrical upper longitudinal header 97 and a front two-in-one side symmetrical lower longitudinal header 104; secondly, a longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue 96 which leads to the vertical shaft flue 41 and is arranged at the upper part of the hearth is added at the top of the boiler; thirdly, the lower wall of the longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue 96 at the upper part of the hearth is a high-temperature superheater 95, the upper wall of the longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue 96 at the upper part of the hearth is a boiler top flue water-cooling ceiling 100, the side wall of the longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue 96 at the upper part of the hearth is a hearth side symmetric membrane water-cooling wall 9, a side symmetric membrane water-cooling wall 113 and a three-in-one side symmetric membrane water-cooling wall 46, and the front wall and the rear wall of the longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue 96 at the upper part of the hearth are a front vertical; fourthly, the front three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet 94 of the hearth and the rear three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet 101 of the hearth are symmetrical, and the flue gas simultaneously enters the longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue 96 at the upper part of the hearth from the front three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet 94 of the hearth and the rear three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet 101 of the hearth respectively and then is discharged through the vertical shaft flue 41; fifthly, the bin 11 is additionally provided with bin side wall water-cooled walls 115 at two sides, the upper end of the bin side wall water-cooled wall 115 is communicated with a bin side wall upper transverse collecting tank 116, the lower end of the bin side wall water-cooled wall 115 is communicated with a bin side wall lower transverse collecting tank 114, the upper end of a communicating pipe 102 is communicated with a three-in-one side symmetric lower transverse collecting tank 12, and the lower end of the communicating pipe 102 is communicated with the bin side wall upper transverse collecting tank 116. The embodiment is suitable for being adopted when the depth of the furnace chamber in the ultra-large boiler is overlarge.

In the ultra-large power station boiler of the embodiment, the air distribution plates 109 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the hearth, the lower end of the backward bending point of the front wall membrane type water-cooled wall 4 of the hearth from one air distribution plate 109 at the bottom of the hearth to the upper middle part of the hearth and the lower end of the forward bending point of the rear wall membrane type water-cooled wall 5 of the hearth from the other air distribution plate 109 at the bottom of the hearth to the upper middle part of the hearth form a main combustion chamber 10 of the hearth together, the upper end of the front wall membrane type water-cooled wall 4 of the front wall of the hearth of the main combustion chamber 10 is bent upwards and extends to be communicated with the upper transverse collecting box 58 of the front wall of the hearth, the communicating pipe 22 at the lower end of the flue gas outlet 23 of the hearth is communicated with the; the upper end of the film type water-cooled wall 5 of the hearth rear wall is bent forwards and upwards to be communicated with an upper transverse collecting box 21 of the hearth rear wall, a communicating pipe 22 at the lower end of a hearth flue gas outlet 23 is communicated with the upper transverse collecting box 21 of the hearth rear wall, and the communicating pipe 22 at the upper end of the hearth flue gas outlet 23 is communicated with the upper transverse collecting box of the hearth flue gas outlet; the symmetrical reducing section of the upper part of the hearth is formed.

The upper end of a front three-return-stroke ascending flue (an upper burnout chamber) of a hearth in a burnout chamber 20 of the ultra-large power station boiler is a front three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet 94 of the hearth, the front three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet 94 of the hearth is a longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue inlet at the front top of the boiler, a high-temperature superheater 95 is arranged at the position of the front three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet 94 of the hearth, the lower end of the front three-return-stroke ascending flue of the hearth is a front three-return-stroke flue inlet of the hearth, the front three-return-stroke flue inlet of the hearth is communicated with a two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue outlet 15, the front end of the front three-return-stroke ascending flue of the hearth is a symmetrical vertical shaft flue rear wall 42, the rear end of the front three-return-; the upper end of a three-return-stroke ascending flue (an upper burnout chamber) behind the hearth is a three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet 101 behind the hearth, the three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet 101 behind the hearth is a longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue inlet at the top of the rear part of the boiler, a high-temperature superheater 95 is arranged at the position of the three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet 101 behind the hearth, the lower end of the three-return-stroke ascending flue behind the hearth is a three-return-stroke flue inlet behind the hearth, the three-return-stroke flue inlet behind the hearth is communicated with a two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated descending tapered flue outlet 15, the front end of the three-return-stroke ascending flue behind the hearth is a guide dust-containing flue direct-flushing bin water cooling wall 18, the rear end of the three-return-.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the upper wall of the longitudinal wet steam cooling flue 96 on the upper portion of the furnace cavity is a water-cooled ceiling 100 of the top flue of the boiler, the lower wall high-temperature superheater 95 of the longitudinal wet steam cooling flue 96 on the upper portion of the furnace cavity abuts against the outlet 94 of the front three-pass upward flue of the furnace cavity, the outlet 101 of the rear three-pass upward flue of the furnace cavity and the inlet 103 of the vertical flue is a light pipe high-temperature superheater (the gap between the pipe and the pipe is a flue gas channel), and the high-temperature superheater 95 abuts against the top end of the furnace cavity, the upper end of the front two-pass high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue of the furnace cavity and the upper end of the rear two-.

The flue of the ultra-large power station boiler of the embodiment: the flue gas passes through two symmetrical front and back hearth flue gas outlets 23 simultaneously, enters two symmetrical front and back two-return high-temperature accelerated descending reducing flues 19 in a 180-degree sharp-turn straight-down manner, naturally settles a large amount of solid particles in a storage bin through sudden large expansion and deceleration of two symmetrical front and back two-return high-temperature accelerated descending reducing flue outlets 15 of the hearth, fine particles which do not settle in the storage bin 11 continue to burn in two symmetrical front and back auxiliary combustion chambers 44 of the hearth, fly ash carried by airflow enters two symmetrical front and back burnout chambers 20 of the hearth, the flue gas which continues to burn out through the burnout chamber 20 enters a longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue 96 at the upper part of the hearth through a gap between a high-temperature superheater 95 through a three-return ascending flue outlet 94 of the hearth and a three-return ascending flue outlet 101 at the back of the hearth, then enters a vertical shaft flue 41 at the tail part through a smoke exhaust port, enters a dust remover through a draught fan 43 and a coal economizer 48 through scouring heat transfer and a smoke vent, enters Is discharged to the chimney and enters the atmosphere.

The steam-water path of the ultra-large power station boiler of the embodiment comprises the following steps: inlet water enters the economizer 48 from a water inlet 49, the economizer 48 enters a flue water-cooling ceiling 100 at the top of the boiler through a communicating pipe and then enters the boiler barrel 26 through the communicating pipe, low-temperature water respectively enters the descending branch pipes through a descending header pipe 85, the low-temperature water respectively enters the lower longitudinal and transverse collecting boxes through the descending branch pipes and then enters the longitudinal and transverse membrane water-cooling walls to transfer heat through radiation convection, hot water rises and respectively enters the upper longitudinal and transverse collecting boxes, and then respectively enters the air guide branch pipes through the air guide pipes of the upper longitudinal and transverse collecting boxes and respectively enters the boiler barrel 26 through the air guide branch pipes, the low-temperature water continuously descends and circulates, and saturated steam enters the high-temperature superheater 95 and the superheater 43 through the communicating pipe and is sent to a.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line A-A; mainly in order to match with figure 8, the mutual position relationship of the drum 26, the longitudinal air duct header 82 at the rear part of the boiler, the communicating pipe 83, the transverse header 84, the descending header 85, the side-symmetric upper longitudinal header air duct 34 and the transverse header air duct 36 is found out.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the working process of the new high-temperature water-cooled gas-solid separator of the new structure and new process of the present invention; the work flow has already been illustrated in example 1.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the communication between the downcomer and the flue of the large, medium and small boilers according to the present invention; in the figure, A is a descending manifold, B is a descending branch, C is an airway tube, and E is an airway branch. The lower ends of the descending branch pipes B are respectively communicated with the lower longitudinal collecting box and the lower transverse collecting box, and the upper ends of the descending branch pipes B are respectively communicated with the descending main pipe A.

The lower end of the air duct C is respectively communicated with the longitudinal header and the transverse header, and the upper end of the air duct C is respectively communicated with the air duct branch pipe E.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the downcomer and draft tube communication of the ultra-large boiler of the present invention; in the figure, A is a descending main pipe, B is a descending branch pipe, C is an upper transverse header air duct, D is an upper longitudinal header air duct, and E is an air duct branch pipe. The lower ends of the descending branch pipes B are respectively communicated with the lower longitudinal collecting box and the lower transverse collecting box, and the upper ends of the descending branch pipes B are respectively communicated with the descending main pipe A.

The lower end of the upper transverse collecting tank air duct C is communicated with the upper transverse collecting tank, and the upper end of the upper transverse collecting tank air duct C is communicated with the air guide branch pipe E. The lower end of the upper longitudinal header air duct D is communicated with the upper longitudinal header, and the upper end of the upper longitudinal header air duct D is communicated with the air duct branch pipe E.

The abrasion-resistant treatment of the water-cooled gas-solid separator in the embodiments 1 to 8 is performed on the four wall surfaces of the downward tapered flue 19 at a high-temperature acceleration speed ranging from four walls with the smoke speed more than 5M at the upper part of the hearth to two return strokes. The burnout chamber 20 may be completely exposed to the heating surface (if the water cooling degree is high, the combustion preventing belt with a tapered section at the upper part of the furnace chamber can be added).

The water-cooled wall 18 of the dust-laden flue gas guiding direct-flushing storage bin in the embodiments 1 to 8 can be any one of a full-film water-cooled wall structure, a semi-film water-cooled wall structure, a full-light-tube pouring refractory material structure and a dry refractory wall structure, and the internal and external structures of the water-cooled gas-solid separator can be rectangular or square; the four walls of the hearth main combustion chamber 10 can be any one of a full-film water-cooled wall structure, a semi-film water-cooled wall structure and a full-light tube pouring refractory material structure, and the inner and outer structures can be rectangular and square; the four walls of the shaft flue 41 may be any one of a full-film water-cooled wall structure, a semi-film water-cooled wall structure, a full-light-tube poured refractory material structure, and a dry refractory wall structure.

The fuel inlet, the desulfurizer inlet, the slag discharge port, the circulating material inlet, the air distribution plate, the primary air inlet, the secondary air inlet, the hearth flue gas outlet, the furnace door, the explosion door, the observation hole, the measuring hole, the access hole and the like in the embodiments 1 to 8 are designed according to the standard of the prior art.

The hearth water wall tube water circulation, the separator water wall tube water circulation, the shaft water wall tube water circulation, the steel frame and the heat insulation of the 1-8 embodiment are designed according to the existing general technical standard.

The upper parts of the boiler barrels 26 of the steam boiler and the power station boiler are communicated with an air guide pipe, the lower parts of the boiler barrels 26 are communicated with a downcomer, all the lower longitudinal collecting boxes and the transverse collecting boxes are communicated with the matched downcomer, and all the upper longitudinal collecting boxes and the transverse collecting boxes are communicated with the matched air guide pipe. And pipe penetrating holes correspondingly matched with the steam guide pipe and the exhaust pipe are reserved on each water-cooling ceiling and each superheater ceiling 32 of the fluidized bed boiler with the water-cooling gas-solid separator and the four-return-stroke and seven-return-stroke water-cooling flues. The hot water boiler is designed according to the prior general technology.

All different structures and different parts in the embodiments 1 to 8 can be mutually adopted and mutually optimized to form a new furnace type.

While the foregoing has described the principles of the invention and its preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, which are presented by way of illustration and not of limitation, but rather can be embodied in many forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The fluidized bed boiler with the water-cooling gas-solid separator, the four-return water-cooling flues and the seven-return water-cooling flues comprises any one of a steam boiler, a forced circulation pipe rack type hot water boiler, a power station boiler and an ultra-large power station boiler, and comprises a hearth, a hearth main combustion chamber, a burning guarding belt with a gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth, a two-return high-temperature accelerated downward gradually-reduced flue, an auxiliary combustion chamber, a burnout chamber, a return water-cooling ceiling, a two-return water-cooling ceiling and a superheater ceiling, a return water-cooling ceiling, a two-return water-cooling ceiling, a three-return water-cooling ceiling and a four-return water-cooling ceiling, a four-in-one water-cooling ceiling and a water vapor ceiling, a longitudinal wet type cold flue at the upper part of the hearth; the fluidized bed boiler with the water-cooling gas-solid separator and the four and seven return water-cooling flues is characterized by further comprising the water-cooling gas-solid separator, wherein the water-cooling gas-solid separator comprises a two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue, an auxiliary combustion chamber, a burnout chamber and a storage bin.

2. The fluidized bed boiler with a cold water-solid separator and four and seven return water-cooled flues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of the furnace chamber is provided with an air distribution plate, and the lower end of the forward bending point of the film water-cooled wall of the rear wall of the furnace chamber at the middle and upper part of the furnace chamber from the air distribution plate at the bottom of the furnace chamber forms the main combustion chamber of the furnace chamber; the rear end of the upper part of the main combustion chamber of the hearth is provided with a flue gas outlet of the hearth, the front wall of the main combustion chamber of the hearth is a front wall film type water-cooled wall of the hearth, the rear wall of the main combustion chamber of the hearth is a rear wall film type water-cooled wall of the hearth, and two side walls of the main combustion chamber of the hearth are symmetrical film type water-cooled walls at the side of the hearth;

the lower end of a film type water-cooled wall of the hearth rear wall at the upper part of the hearth is bent forwards and upwards and extends to a hearth flue gas outlet and is communicated with an upper transverse collecting box of the hearth rear wall, a communicating pipe at the upper end of the hearth flue gas outlet is communicated with an upper transverse collecting box of the hearth flue gas outlet, and a communicating pipe at the lower end of the hearth flue gas outlet is communicated with an upper transverse collecting box of the hearth rear wall; the upper end of the combustion-supporting belt with the gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth is a water-cooling ceiling or a superheater ceiling, the front wall of the combustion-supporting belt with the gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth is a membrane water-cooling wall of the front wall of the hearth, the rear wall of the combustion-supporting belt with the gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth is provided with a flue gas outlet of the hearth, the middle lower part of the rear wall of the combustion-supporting belt with the gradually-reduced section at the upper part of the hearth is a section in which the membrane water-cooling wall of the rear wall of the hearth is bent upwards;

the upper end of the auxiliary combustion chamber is provided with a two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue outlet and a burnout chamber flue gas inlet, and the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue outlet is communicated with the burnout chamber flue gas inlet; the lower end of the auxiliary combustion chamber is the upper end of the storage bin, the front wall of the auxiliary combustion chamber is a furnace cavity rear wall membrane type water-cooled wall, the rear wall of the auxiliary combustion chamber is a vertical shaft flue front wall, and two side walls of the auxiliary combustion chamber are three-in-one side symmetric membrane type water-cooled walls;

the upper end of the burnout chamber is a water-cooled ceiling or a superheater ceiling, the lower end of the burnout chamber is provided with a burnout chamber flue gas inlet, the front wall of the burnout chamber is a water-cooled wall for guiding dust-containing flue gas to directly impact a storage bin, the rear wall of the burnout chamber is a vertical shaft flue front wall, and two side walls of the burnout chamber are three-in-one side symmetric membrane type water-cooled walls;

the upper wall of the longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue at the upper part of the hearth is a water-cooling ceiling of a boiler top flue, the lower wall high-temperature superheater of the longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue at the upper part of the hearth is a light pipe high-temperature superheater which is close to the outlet of the front three-return upward flue of the hearth, the outlet of the rear three-return upward flue of the hearth and the inlet of the vertical shaft flue, the high-temperature superheater is close to the top end of the hearth, the upper end of the front two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue of the hearth and the upper end of the rear two-return high-temperature accelerated downward tapered flue of the hearth are membrane wall high-temperature superheaters or.

3. The fluidized bed boiler having a cold water-solid separator and four and seven-pass water-cooled flues according to claim 1, wherein in the first-pass water-cooled ceiling, the second-pass water-cooled ceiling and the superheater ceiling,

the rear upper end of the return water-cooling ceiling is communicated with the upper transverse collecting tank of the hearth water-cooling ceiling in a radial direction, and the front end of the return water-cooling ceiling is vertically bent downwards and extends to be communicated with the lower transverse collecting tank of the front wall of the hearth;

the front end of the two-return-stroke water-cooling ceiling is radially communicated with the upper transverse collecting box of the hearth water-cooling ceiling, and the rear end of the two-return-stroke water-cooling ceiling is vertically bent downwards to extend and is communicated with the lower transverse collecting box of the guide dust-containing flue gas direct flushing bin;

the fluidized bed boiler with the water-cooling gas-solid separator and the four-return and seven-return water-cooling flues further comprises a vertical shaft flue, wherein a superheater or a reheater is arranged in the vertical shaft flue, and superheater ceilings are arranged at the top end of the burnout chamber and the top end of the vertical shaft flue; one end of the superheater ceiling is communicated with the steam outlet, and the other end of the superheater ceiling is communicated with a superheater or a reheater in the shaft flue.

4. The fluidized bed boiler with a cold water-solid separator and four and seven return water-cooled flues according to claim 1, wherein in the first return water-cooled ceiling, the second return water-cooled ceiling, the third return water-cooled ceiling and the fourth return water-cooled ceiling,

the rear upper end of the return water-cooling ceiling is communicated with the upper transverse collecting tank of the hearth water-cooling ceiling in a radial direction, and the front end of the return water-cooling ceiling is vertically bent downwards and extends to be communicated with the lower transverse collecting tank of the hearth water-cooling ceiling;

the front end of the two-return-stroke water-cooling ceiling is radially communicated with the upper transverse collecting tank of the hearth water-cooling ceiling, and the rear end of the two-return-stroke water-cooling ceiling is vertically bent downwards to extend and is communicated with the lower transverse collecting tank of the two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated descending gradually-reduced flue water-cooling ceiling;

the rear upper end of the three-return-stroke water-cooled ceiling is radially communicated with the upper transverse collecting box of the two-in-one water-cooled ceiling, and the front lower end of the three-return-stroke water-cooled ceiling is communicated with the lower transverse collecting box of the water-cooled ceiling of the burnout chamber;

the front upper end of the four-return-stroke water-cooled ceiling is communicated with the vertical shaft water-cooled ceiling upper transverse collecting tank or the two-in-one water-cooled ceiling upper transverse collecting tank, and the rear lower end of the four-return-stroke water-cooled ceiling is communicated with the vertical shaft rear wall lower transverse collecting tank or the vertical shaft water-cooled ceiling lower transverse collecting tank.

5. The fluidized bed boiler having a cold water-solid separator and four-and seven-pass water-cooled flues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluidized bed boiler having a cold water-solid separator and four-and seven-pass water-cooled flues further comprises a water outlet, an automatic exhaust valve, a steam outlet, a reheater and a gas guide header pipe,

in the four-in-one water-cooling ceiling and the superheater ceiling,

the four-in-one water-cooled ceiling is longitudinally arranged at the upper ends of the upper transverse collecting box on the front wall of the hearth, the upper transverse collecting box on the rear wall of the hearth, the upper transverse collecting box on the water-cooled wall of the guide flue gas direct flushing bin, the upper transverse collecting box on the front wall of the vertical shaft and the upper transverse collecting box on the rear wall of the vertical shaft, the front end of the four-in-one water-cooled ceiling is communicated with the front transverse collecting box of the four-in-one water-cooled ceiling, the rear end of the four-in-one water-cooled ceiling is communicated with the rear transverse collecting box of the four-in-one water-cooled ceiling, a water outlet is;

the superheater ceiling is longitudinally arranged at the upper ends of the transverse collecting box on the front wall of the hearth, the transverse collecting box on the rear wall of the hearth, the transverse collecting box on the water-cooled wall of the guide flue gas direct flushing bunker, the transverse collecting box on the front wall of the shaft and the transverse collecting box on the rear wall of the shaft, the front end of the superheater ceiling is communicated with a steam outlet, the rear end of the superheater ceiling is communicated with a reheater, and an air duct penetrates through the superheater ceiling and is communicated with an air guide main pipe.

6. The fluidized bed boiler with a water-cooled gas-solid separator and four and seven return water-cooled flues according to claim 1, wherein the four return water-cooled flues comprise a return hearth air distribution plate to a hearth flue gas outlet, a two return high-temperature accelerated descending tapered flue, a three return uptake and a boiler tail convection flue, the three return uptake is a burnout chamber, and the boiler tail convection flue is a shaft flue;

the seven-return-stroke water-cooling flue comprises a return-stroke hearth air distribution plate and a hearth flue gas outlet, a two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated descending and gradually-reducing flue in front of the hearth, a two-return-stroke high-temperature accelerated descending and gradually-reducing flue in back of the hearth, a three-return-stroke ascending flue in front of the hearth, a three-return-stroke ascending flue in back of the hearth, a longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue in the upper part of the hearth and a convection flue at the tail part of the boiler.

7. The fluidized bed boiler having a cold water-solid separator and four and seven return water-cooled flues according to claim 1, wherein the forced circulation tube rack type hot water boiler has a water path: the inlet water enters the economizer from the water inlet, enters the vertical shaft rear wall transverse collecting tank through the communicating pipe, is distributed to the vertical shaft flue rear wall to descend into the vertical shaft rear wall lower transverse collecting tank, enters the three-in-one side symmetrical lower longitudinal collecting tank through the communicating pipe, enters the three-in-one side symmetrical membrane type water-cooling wall through the rear part of the partition plate, ascends into the rear part of the three-in-one side symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting tank, is forced to enter the vertical shaft flue front wall by the rear part of the partition plate, descends into the vertical shaft front wall lower transverse collecting tank, enters the three-in-one side symmetrical lower longitudinal collecting tank through the communicating pipe, is forced to enter the guide flue gas direct-flushing storage bin water-cooling wall upper transverse collecting tank through the partition plate, is distributed to the guide dust-containing flue gas direct-flushing storage bin water-cooling wall descending guide flue gas direct-flushing water-cooling wall lower transverse collecting tank through the partition plate, enters the three-in-one side symmetrical lower, the water is forcibly distributed to the symmetrical membrane type water-cooled wall at the side of the triple chamber through the partition plate to move upwards and enter the symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting tank at the side of the triple chamber through the communicating pipe, the water-cooled ceiling forced to pass through the furnace lateral symmetrical membrane type water-cooled wall and the furnace front wall membrane type water-cooled wall to go up to the upper end respectively through the furnace lateral symmetrical upper longitudinal collecting tank, the communicating pipes respectively enter the furnace front wall upper transverse collecting tank and then enter the four-in-one water-cooled ceiling front transverse collecting tank to be redistributed to the four-in-one water-cooled ceiling and then go into the four-in-one water-cooled ceiling rear transverse collecting tank, and the water is sequentially sent to a heat supply system through a gas collecting tank and a water outlet.

8. The fluidized bed boiler with the water-cooled gas-solid separator and the four-and seven-return water-cooled flues as claimed in claim 6, wherein the upper end of the membrane water-cooled wall of the front furnace wall of the main furnace chamber of the ultra-large power station boiler is bent backwards and upwards to be communicated with the upper transverse collecting box of the front furnace wall, the communicating pipe at the lower end of the flue gas outlet of the furnace chamber is communicated with the upper transverse collecting box of the front furnace wall, and the communicating pipe at the upper end of the flue gas outlet of the furnace chamber is communicated with the upper transverse collecting box of the front; the upper end of the film type water-cooled wall of the hearth rear wall is bent forwards and upwards to be communicated with an upper transverse collecting box of the hearth rear wall, a communicating pipe at the lower end of a flue gas outlet of the hearth is communicated with the upper transverse collecting box of the hearth rear wall, and the communicating pipe at the upper end of the flue gas outlet of the hearth is communicated with the upper transverse collecting box of the hearth rear flue gas outlet so as to form a symmetrical gradually-reduced section at the upper part of;

the upper end of a front three-return-stroke ascending flue of a hearth in a burnout chamber of the ultra-large power station boiler is an outlet of the front three-return-stroke ascending flue of the hearth, the outlet of the front three-return-stroke ascending flue of the hearth is an inlet of a longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue at the front top of the boiler, a high-temperature superheater is arranged at the outlet of the front three-return-stroke ascending flue of the hearth, the lower end of the front three-return-stroke ascending flue of the hearth is a front three-return-stroke flue gas inlet of the hearth, the front end of the front three-return-stroke ascending flue of the hearth is a symmetrical vertical shaft flue rear wall, the rear end of the front three-return-stroke ascending flue of the hearth is;

the upper end of the three-return-stroke ascending flue at the back of the hearth is provided with a three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet at the back of the hearth, the three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet at the back of the hearth is a longitudinal wet-type water vapor cooling flue inlet at the top of the rear of the boiler, a high-temperature superheater is arranged at the three-return-stroke ascending flue outlet at the back of the hearth, the lower end of the three-return-stroke ascending flue at the back of the hearth is a three-return-stroke flue inlet at the back of the hearth, the front end of the three-return-stroke ascending flue at the back of the hearth is a water cooling wall for guiding dust-containing flue to directly impact a storage bin.

9. The fluidized bed boiler with a cold water-solid separator and four and seven return water-cooled flues of claim 8, wherein the flue of the ultra-large utility boiler is: the flue gas passes through two symmetrical front and back hearth flue gas outlets simultaneously, enters two symmetrical front and back two-return high-temperature accelerated descending tapered flues in a 180-degree sharp-turn straight-down manner, is subjected to large expansion and deceleration of the two symmetrical front and back two-return high-temperature accelerated descending tapered flue outlets of the hearth to enable solid particles to naturally settle in a bin, fine particles which do not settle in the bin are continuously combusted in two symmetrical auxiliary combustion chambers in the front and back of the hearth, fly ash carried by airflow enters two symmetrical burnout chambers in the front and back of the hearth, the flue gas which is continuously combusted in the burnout chambers enters a vertical shaft flue after entering a longitudinal wet-type water vapor cold flue at the upper part of the hearth through the front and back symmetrical front and back hearth three-return ascending flue outlets and the rear three-return ascending flue outlet of the hearth and the rear hearth and then enters, the flue gas enters a dust remover through a smoke outlet by heat transfer through scouring and convection with a superheater and an economizer, is subjected to flue gas staticization and then is discharged to a chimney by a draught fan to enter the atmosphere;

the steam-water path of the ultra-large power station boiler comprises: the inlet water enters the economizer from the water inlet, the economizer enters a flue water-cooling ceiling at the top of the boiler through a communicating pipe and then enters a boiler barrel through the communicating pipe, the low-temperature water respectively enters a descending branch pipe through a descending main pipe, the low-temperature water respectively enters a lower longitudinal collecting box and a transverse collecting box through the descending branch pipe and then enters a longitudinal film type water-cooling wall and a transverse film type water-cooling wall to transfer heat through radiation convection, the hot water rises and respectively enters an upper longitudinal collecting box and a transverse collecting box, then respectively enters an air guide branch pipe through an air guide pipe of the upper longitudinal collecting box and the transverse collecting box and respectively enters the boiler barrel through the air guide branch pipe, the low-temperature water continuously descends and circulates.

10. The fluidized bed boiler with the cold water-solid separator and the four-and seven-return water-cooling flues as claimed in claim 1, wherein pipe through holes correspondingly matched with the steam guide pipe and the exhaust pipe are reserved on each water-cooling ceiling and each superheater ceiling of the fluidized bed boiler with the cold water-solid separator and the four-and seven-return water-cooling flues.