CN112856219A - 与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统 - Google Patents

与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统 Download PDF

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CN112856219A
CN112856219A CN202010521656.3A CN202010521656A CN112856219A CN 112856219 A CN112856219 A CN 112856219A CN 202010521656 A CN202010521656 A CN 202010521656A CN 112856219 A CN112856219 A CN 112856219A
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gas
raw material
reforming system
bog
material gas
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高东石
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Abstract

本申请涉及一种与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统,包括:原料气体汽化系统,包括储存原料气体的储罐和输送原料气体的输送管路;重整系统,包括通过使原料气体与水反应来产生氢的重整器、向重整器供应热的燃烧器、以及从重整器产生的混合气体中分离氢的变压吸附(PSA);CO2分离装置,从PSA接收已去除混合气体中的氢的废气,并通过与原料气体汽化系统的输送管路的热交换使CO2液化来去除CO2;以及气体供应管路,将CO2分离装置中已去除CO2的残留气体作为燃料供应到燃烧器。

Description

与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统
技术领域
本公开涉及一种重整(reforming)系统,更具体地,涉及一种通过将重整系统和原料气体汽化系统连接以从重整器中产生的废气中去除二氧化碳从而提高重整器的效率的重整系统。
背景技术
将氢用作燃料时,除了极少量的氮氧化物以外,没有对环境有害的产物,并且氢可以容易地以各种形式储存,例如以高压气体、液态气体和金属氢化物的方式储存,因此,各个领域中正在开发将氢用作能源的技术。氢制备方法是蒸汽重整最商业化的技术,可以通过将诸如城市煤气的天然气作为原料并通过重整器来制备氢。天然气重整是将天然气快速且经济地转化为氢燃料的技术。可以说是用于推广燃料电池的核心技术,具有高效、小型化、轻量化、启动稳定和快速等优点。
由于蒸汽重整反应是强吸热反应,因此通过在燃烧器中燃烧燃料气体来将重整器加热到750℃以上的温度以供应反应所需的热。可以通过变压吸附(PSA)净化水蒸汽-甲烷重整反应后产生的气体中的氢来产生超高纯氢。PSA的废气流入燃烧器中,并与燃料气体一起用于加热反应。
同时,在储存诸如液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,以下称为“LNG”)和液化石油气(Liquefied Petroleum Gas,以下称为“LPG”)的原料气体的储罐的情况下,原料气体在储罐中持续且自然地汽化,从而在储罐内产生蒸发气体(Boil Off Gas,BOG)。由于当BOG在储罐中积累时储罐的压力升高,所以存在储罐损坏的风险,因而对储罐中产生的BOG进行各种处理。已公开了处理BOG的各种方法,但是可再液化率受到限制,使得当过量的BOG的量很大时,通过燃烧BOG来消耗BOG。
现有技术中将燃烧过量的BOG,从而通过燃烧来消耗BOG所具有的化学能,因此存在能量效率降低并且造成能量浪费的问题。此外,上述的PSA的废气中包括二氧化碳(CO2),因此存在燃烧所需的能量增加并且所需的热交换器的容量大小增加的问题。
作为背景技术解释的前述内容仅旨在帮助理解本公开的背景,并不旨在表示本公开落入本领域技术人员已知的相关技术的范围内。
发明内容
本公开旨在解决以上问题。本公开的目的在于提供一种重整系统,可以通过将重整系统与原料气体汽化系统连接以使二氧化碳(CO2)液化来去除废气中的二氧化碳,从而提高重整器的效率,并且通过利用汽化的气体来产生氢,从而提高燃料效率。
为了实现该目的,本公开的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统可以包括:原料气体汽化系统,包括储存原料气体的储罐和输送原料气体的输送管路;重整系统,包括通过使原料气体与水反应来产生氢的重整器、向重整器供应热的燃烧器、以及从重整器产生的混合气体中分离氢的变压吸附(PSA);CO2分离装置,从PSA接收已去除混合气体中的氢的废气,并通过与原料气体汽化系统的输送管路的热交换使CO2液化来去除CO2;以及气体供应管路,将在CO2分离装置中已去除CO2的残留气体作为燃料供应到燃烧器。
重整系统可以进一步包括BOG供应管路,通过使储存在储罐中的原料气体汽化而产生的蒸发气体(BOG)通过BOG供应管路移动,并且重整系统的重整器可以通过将从BOG供应管路接收的BOG作为原料气体并使其与水反应来产生氢。
原料气体汽化系统可以进一步包括汽化装置,汽化装置使与废气进行热交换的原料气体汽化。
CO2分离装置可以包括用于压缩从PSA排出的废气的废气压缩机,并且废气压缩机可以将废气的压力压缩至20barg(bar gauge pressure)以上且30barg以下。
此外,CO2分离装置可以包括连接到原料气体汽化系统的输送管路和废气供应管路的原料气体和废气热交换器,以利用原料气体的冷热作为制冷剂来冷却废气。
此外,CO2分离装置可以包括分离废气中液化的CO2的CO2分离器和储存液化的CO2的CO2罐。
此外,当废气与原料气体系统进行热交换时,废气的温度可以被冷却至-40℃以下且-50℃以上。
原料气体汽化系统可以包括BOG压缩机,BOG压缩机压缩储罐的BOG,以使高压BOG流入BOG供应管路。原料气体汽化系统可以进一步包括:第一泵,与储罐连接以压缩并输送原料气体;吸气鼓,通过BOG压缩机的BOG的一部分BOG流入BOG供应管路,剩余的BOG与通过第一泵输送的原料气体混合,使一部分BOG再液化。此外,第一泵可以将原料气体压缩至1barg以上且10barg以下。
此外,与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统可以包括第二泵,与吸气鼓连接以压缩并输送通过吸气鼓的原料气体,从而使高压原料气体与废气进行热交换,并且第二泵可以将原料气体压缩至10barg以上且100barg以下。
重整系统可以进一步包括:供水装置,供应水;以及多个水热交换器,通过对水施加热而使水汽化并将汽化的水供应到重整器。
重整系统可以进一步包括混合气体热交换器,混合气体热交换器通过使通过重整器的混合气体与冷却剂进行热交换来进行冷却。重整系统可以被配置为进一步包括变换器,变换器通过使重整器中产生的CO反应来产生氢。
本公开可以减少从重整系统的重整器排出的废气中的CO2排放量,以去除流入燃烧器的CO2,从而减少加热CO2所需的热量的浪费。此外,原料气体汽化系统中产生的过量的BOG可以用于产生氢而不是通过燃烧来消耗,从而提高燃料效率以提高经济性。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图的详细描述,将更清楚地理解本公开的上述和其它目的、特征和其它优点,其中:
图1是重整系统的框图。
图2是原料气体汽化系统的框图。
图3是根据本公开的实施例的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统的框图。
图4是根据本公开的实施例的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统的二氧化碳(CO2)分离装置的框图。
图5是示出基于根据本公开的实施例的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统的CO2分离装置的环境条件的CO2的液化率的曲线图。
图6是示出基于根据本公开的实施例的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统的CO2分离装置的环境条件的重整器系统的示例效率的曲线图。
具体实施方式
仅出于描述根据本公开的实施例的目的,示出了在本说明书或申请中公开的本公开的实施例的具体结构和功能描述。根据本公开的实施例可以以各种形式体现,并且不应被解释为限于在本说明书或申请中描述的实施例。
由于根据本公开的实施例可以进行各种改变并且具有各种形式,因此在附图中示出并在本说明书或申请中详细描述了具体实施例。然而,这并不旨在将根据本公开的构思的实施例限制为特定的公开形式。应该理解为包括本公开的宗旨和范围内所包括的所有改变、等同形式和替代形式。
诸如第一和/或第二的术语可以用来描述各种组件,但是这些组件不应受到术语的限制。术语仅用于将一个组件与另一组件区分开的目的。例如,在不脱离根据本公开的构思的范围的情况下,第一组件可以被称为第二组件,并且类似地,第二组件可以被称为第一组件。
在下文中,参照附图描述了本公开的实施例以详细描述本公开。附图中相同的附图标记表示相同的构件。本文中可以将本公开的各种组件,即装置、单元、元件,描述为具有特定目的或执行特定功能、过程等。这种组件可以称为被“被配置为”实现或满足特定目的,或者称为执行、完成、进行或产生特定功能、过程等。
本公开涉及一种与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统100。通过将原料气体汽化系统200与重整系统100连接以利用蒸发气体(BOG)来产生氢。因此重整系统100提高经济性,并且通过去除废气中的二氧化碳(CO2)来提高重整系统100的效率。
图1是重整系统100的框图。下面参照图1简要描述常规的重整系统100。
参照图1,重整系统100可以包括原料气体10、原料气体压缩机110、重整器120、变换器180、水20、供水装置150、多个热交换器161至164和变压吸附(PSA)130。原料气体可以包括以液化状态输送并汽化的各种原料气体,诸如LNG和LPG。
重整系统100是通过使原料气体10与水20反应来产生氢30的系统。在产生重整反应的重整器120中的化学反应如下。
CH4+H2O→CO+3H2
其中,CH4为甲烷,H2O为水,CO为一氧化碳,3H2表示三个氢分子。
甲烷-水蒸气重整反应是强吸热反应。由于在高温条件下积极地产生正反应,因此重整系统100被配置为包括用于向重整器120供应反应热的燃烧器140。常规的重整系统100将诸如城市煤气的原料气体10和/或从PSA130排出的废气作为燃料在燃烧器140中燃烧,以将反应热供应到重整器120。此外,原料气体10可以是通过液态的原料气体10汽化而产生的BOG。
在重整系统100中,当烃被重整时,一氧化碳与氢一起产生。由于一氧化碳作为催化剂毒物作用于燃料电池堆的电极中使用的催化剂,因此需要去除一氧化碳的工艺。通常,去除一氧化碳的反应可以利用诸如以下反应式的变换反应。
CO+H2O→CO2+H2
其中,H2表示单个氢分子。
由于常规的重整系统100被配置为通过向燃烧器140供应废气来进行燃烧,并且由于废气中包括的二氧化碳需要一起加热,因此存在浪费热的问题,并且存在由于排出的气体中包括二氧化碳而所需的热交换器的热容量增加的问题。
图2是原料气体汽化系统200的框图。下面参照图2简要描述常规的原料气体汽化系统200。
原料气体汽化系统200是用于压缩原料气体10(例如-160℃以下的极低温的LNG)并使原料气体10汽化后供应到需要能量的需求源270的系统。原料气体汽化系统200可以包括储罐210、第一泵221、吸气鼓240、第二泵222和汽化装置250,并且可以包括BOG压缩机230和BOG再液化装置260,以处理储罐210中产生的BOG。
尽管储罐210可以是绝热的,但是外部热量可以持续地传递到储罐210。因此,原料气体10在储罐210中持续且自然地汽化,从而在储罐210中产生BOG。
当BOG在储罐210中积累时,由于储罐210的压力升高,所以存在储罐损坏的风险,因而对储罐210中产生的BOG进行各种处理。代表性地,可以通过再液化装置260使BOG再液化以将BOG回收到储罐210。在另一示例中,可以通过吸气鼓240将BOG与以高压输送的原料气体10混合来使BOG再液化。在另一示例中,可以通过将BOG用作发电的燃料在自发电机280中消耗BOG。在过量的BOG的量很大的情况下,通过在燃烧装置290中燃烧BOG来消耗BOG。
由于通过燃烧过量的BOG来消耗BOG,因此存在通过燃烧来消耗BOG中包含的化学能的问题。由于在燃烧过程中产生大量的CO2,因此还存在环境污染的问题。
图3是根据本公开的实施例的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统的框图。
参照图3,描绘了根据本公开的实施例的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统。图3的重整系统包括:原料气体汽化系统200,包括储存原料气体10的储罐210和输送原料气体10的输送管路;重整系统100,包括通过使原料气体10与水20反应来产生氢30的重整器120、向重整器120供应热量的燃烧器140、以及从重整器120产生的混合气体中分离氢30的PSA130;CO2分离装置300,从PSA 130接收已去除混合气体中的氢的废气并通过与原料气体汽化系统200的输送管路的热交换使CO2液化来去除CO2;以及气体供应管路331,将CO2分离装置300中已去除CO2的残留气体作为燃料供应到燃烧器140。
根据本公开的实施例的原料气体汽化系统可以通过与原料气体汽化系统连接的热交换器,使重整系统中产生的废气中的CO2液化以去除CO2。原料气体汽化系统可以包括CO2分离装置300,CO2分离装置300在将从PSA 130排出的废气供应到燃烧器140进行燃烧之前与原料气体汽化系统进行热交换,以使废气中包括的CO2液化。
由于原料气体汽化系统中的原料气体10在汽化之前是极低温液体状态,因此CO2可以液化。为此,CO2分离装置300可以被配置为将从PSA 130排出的废气连接到原料气体汽化系统200。
此外,根据本公开的实施例的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统可以进一步包括BOG供应管路11,通过使储存在储罐210中的原料气体10汽化而产生的BOG通过BOG供应管路11移动。重整系统的重整器120可以被配置为通过将从BOG供应管路11接收的BOG用作原料气体10并使其与水20反应来产生氢30。
如上所述,由于BOG是通过使原料气体10汽化而产生,是由烃构成的气体,因此可以通过将原料气体10供应到重整系统来产生氢30。储罐210中产生的BOG通过BOG供应管路11流入重整系统。可以通过重整流入的BOG来产生氢30,以从BOG产生氢30,从而提高燃料效率。
原料气体汽化系统可以进一步包括BOG压缩机230,BOG压缩机230压缩BOG,以使被加压的(例如高压)BOG流入BOG供应管路11。BOG压缩机230可以将BOG压缩至1barg以上且10barg以下。
此外,原料气体汽化系统可以包括:第一泵221,与储罐210连接以压缩并输送原料气体10;以及吸气鼓240,通过BOG压缩机230的BOG中的一部分BOG流入BOG供应管路11,剩余的BOG与通过第一泵221输送的原料气体10混合,使部分BOG再液化。在吸气鼓240中可以通过将BOG与原料气体10混合来使BOG再液化,从而提高燃料效率。第一泵221可以将原料气体10压缩至1barg以上且10barg以下。
此外,原料气体汽化系统200可以进一步包括第二泵222,第二泵222与吸气鼓240连接,以压缩并输送通过吸气鼓240的原料气体10,从而可以将原料气体10压缩至高压。第二泵222可以将原料气体压缩至10barg以上且100barg以下。
此外,原料气体汽化系统200可以进一步包括汽化装置250,汽化装置250使与废气进行热交换的原料气体10汽化。汽化装置250可以是用于LNG汽化的各种汽化装置250。汽化装置250可以包括常规的开架式汽化器(open rack vaporizer)、浸入式燃烧器(submergedcombustor)等。
重整系统可以包括:供水装置150,供应水20;以及多个水热交换器161至164,通过对水施加热而使水汽化并将汽化的水供应到重整器120。重整反应所需的水20可以是纯水或超纯水。
此外,重整系统100可以被配置为进一步包括混合气体热交换器170,混合气体热交换器170通过使通过重整器120的混合气体与冷却剂进行热交换来进行冷却。混合气体热交换器170可以降低在重整过程中被加热的混合气体的温度。根据从重整器120排出的混合气体的量来确定混合气体热交换器170的大小。例如,当混合气体的量减少时,混合气体热交换器170的大小也可以减小。
此外,重整系统100可以被配置为进一步包括变换器180,变换器180通过使重整器120中产生的CO反应而产生氢30。变换器180是通过如上所述的反应式使CO与水20反应而产生氢30的装置,可以去除CO并产生氢30。
图4是根据本公开的实施例的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统100的CO2分离装置300的框图。图5是示出基于根据本公开的实施例的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统的CO2分离装置的环境条件的CO2的液化率的曲线图。图6是示出基于根据本公开的实施例的与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统的CO2分离装置的环境条件的重整器系统的效率的曲线图。
下面参照图4至图6详细描述CO2分离装置300。
CO2分离装置300可以包括废气压缩机310、原料气体和废气热交换器320、CO2分离器330和CO2罐340。
由于当CO2在三相点(triple point)以下的压力下冷却时,CO2不通过液态而升华,因此可以在三相点以上的压力和三相点以上的温度下液化。CO2的三相点压力为4.2barg,并且CO2的三相点温度为-57℃。因此,CO2分离装置300中CO2的压力可以为4.2barg以上,并且CO2的温度可以为-57℃以上。
废气压缩机310是将从PSA 130排出的废气压缩至高压的装置。废气压缩机310可以与PSA 130连接以接收废气。
图5和图6示出了基于废气压缩机310中压缩废气的压力的CO2的液化率和重整器系统的效率。每个曲线图示出了在压缩至50barg(数据系列400)、压缩至40barg(数据系列500)、压缩至30barg(数据系列600)、压缩至20barg(数据系列700)、和压缩至10barg(数据系列800)时的CO2的液化率和重整器系统的效率。
参照图5,可以确认,随着废气压缩机310中被压缩的废气的压力升高,CO2的液化率增加。由于与CO2的三相点压力之差随着压力的升高而逐渐增加,可液化温度区域增加,使得液化率增加。
参照图6,可以确认,当废气的压力超过特定压力时,重整系统的效率降低。如图6所示,在-40℃时,在压缩至50barg(数据序列400)时重整器系统的效率低于在压缩至30barg(数据系列600)和在压缩至20barg(数据系列700)时重整器系统的效率。这是由于焦耳-汤姆森(Joule-Thomson)效应,即在压缩至高压的废气在通过气体供应管路331注入燃烧器140时通过狭窄的孔时会等熵地膨胀,从而降低了CO2的温度。因此,可以考虑CO2的液化率和重整器120系统的效率来将废气压缩至适当的压力。例如,优选压力为20barg以上且30barg以下。
原料气体和废气热交换器320是极低温原料气体10和废气之间进行热交换的装置。原料气体和废气热交换器320可以连接到原料气体汽化系统的输送管路和废气供应管路。因此,原料气体汽化系统的原料气体10和CO2分离装置300的废气之间进行热交换。可以通过利用原料气体10的冷热作为制冷剂冷却废气来使CO2液化。
参照图5和图6,当废气与原料气体汽化系统进行热交换时,废气的冷却温度越低,则CO2的液化率和重整器系统的效率越高。然而,参照图6,当废气的冷却温度等于或低于特定阈值温度时,重整器120系统的效率会降低。因此,应考虑CO2的液化率和重整器120系统的效率来将废气冷却至适当温度。例如,废气冷却温度可以是-40℃以下且-50℃以上的温度。
因此,当参照图5和图6考虑CO2的液化率和重整器系统的效率时,在一个示例中,CO2分离装置300的优选工作条件为20barg以上且30barg以下的压力和-40℃以下且-50℃以上的冷却温度。
CO2分离器330是在废气与原料气体汽化系统进行热交换以使CO2液化之后分离液化的CO2的装置。CO2罐340是储存在废气中液化的CO2的装置。可以通过CO2分离器330和CO2罐340来有利地分别管理废气中分离并液化的CO2
根据本公开的实施例的原料气体汽化系统可以去除废气中的CO2,从而减少重整器120的CO2排放量。例如,重整器120的CO2排放量可以减少45%。此外,由于通过去除CO2减少了燃烧器140的排气量,因此可以减小混合气体热交换器170的大小。例如,混合气体热交换器170的大小可以减小9%。此外,过量的BOG可以用于产生氢30而不是通过燃烧来消耗,从而提高了燃料效率。
尽管本公开已经示出并描述了特定实施例,但是对于本领域的普通技术人员应显而易见的是,在不脱离由所附权利要求书提供的本公开的技术思想的情况下,可以对本公开进行各种改进和修改。

Claims (17)

1.一种与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统,包括:
原料气体汽化系统,包括储存所述原料气体的储罐和输送所述原料气体的输送管路;
重整系统,包括通过使所述原料气体与水反应来产生氢的重整器、向所述重整器供应热的燃烧器、以及从所述重整器产生的混合气体中分离所述氢的变压吸附即PSA;
CO2分离装置,从所述PSA接收已去除所述混合气体中的所述氢的废气,并通过与所述原料气体汽化系统的所述输送管路的热交换使CO2液化来去除CO2;以及
气体供应管路,将所述CO2分离装置中已去除所述CO2的残留气体作为燃料供应到所述燃烧器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
所述重整系统进一步包括蒸发气体供应管路即BOG供应管路,通过使储存在所述储罐中的所述原料气体汽化而产生的BOG通过所述BOG供应管路移动,并且
所述重整系统的所述重整器通过将从所述BOG供应管路接收的所述BOG作为所述原料气体并使其与水反应来产生氢。
3.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
所述原料气体汽化系统进一步包括汽化装置,所述汽化装置使与所述废气进行热交换的所述原料气体汽化。
4.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
所述CO2分离装置包括压缩从所述PSA排出的所述废气的废气压缩机。
5.根据权利要求4所述的重整系统,其中,
所述废气压缩机将所述废气的压力压缩至20barg以上且30barg以下。
6.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
所述CO2分离装置包括连接到所述原料气体汽化系统的所述输送管路和废气供应管路的原料气体和废气热交换器,以利用所述原料气体的冷热作为制冷剂来冷却所述废气。
7.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
所述CO2分离装置包括分离所述废气中液化的CO2的CO2分离器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
所述CO2分离装置包括储存所述液化的CO2的CO2罐。
9.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
当所述废气与所述原料气体系统进行热交换时,所述废气的温度被冷却至-40℃以下且-50℃以上。
10.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
所述原料气体汽化系统进一步包括BOG压缩机,所述BOG压缩机压缩所述储罐的所述BOG,以使高压BOG流入BOG供应管路。
11.根据权利要求10所述的重整系统,其中,
所述原料气体汽化系统进一步包括:第一泵,与所述储罐连接以压缩并输送所述原料气体;以及吸气鼓,通过所述BOG压缩机的所述BOG的一部分BOG流入所述BOG供应管路,剩余的BOG与通过所述第一泵输送的所述原料气体混合,使部分BOG再液化。
12.根据权利要求11所述的重整系统,其中,
所述第一泵将所述原料气体压缩至1barg以上且10barg以下。
13.根据权利要求11所述的重整系统,进一步包括:
第二泵,与所述吸气鼓连接以压缩并输送通过所述吸气鼓的所述原料气体,从而使高压原料气体与所述废气进行热交换。
14.根据权利要求13所述的重整系统,其中,
所述第二泵将所述原料气体压缩至10barg以上且100barg以下。
15.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
所述重整系统进一步包括:供水装置,供应水;以及多个水热交换器,通过对水施加热而使水汽化并将汽化的水供应到所述重整器。
16.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
所述重整系统进一步包括混合气体热交换器,所述混合气体热交换器通过使通过所述重整器的所述混合气体与冷却剂进行热交换来进行冷却。
17.根据权利要求1所述的重整系统,其中,
所述重整系统进一步包括变换器,所述转换器通过使在所述重整器中产生的CO反应来产生氢。
CN202010521656.3A 2019-11-12 2020-06-10 与原料气体汽化系统连接的重整系统 Pending CN112856219A (zh)

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