CN112855807A

CN112855807A - Brake assembly and automatic return and limit structure of friction plate thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112855807A
Application number: CN202110005627.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 薛琼; 吴颜翔; 阮仁新; 黄建国; 周贝
Original assignee: Dongfeng Off Road Vehicle Co Ltd
Current assignee: Dongfeng Off Road Vehicle Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-01-05
Filing date: 2021-01-05
Publication date: 2021-05-28
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-05
Also published as: CN112855807B

Abstract

The invention discloses a brake assembly and a friction plate automatic return and limit structure thereof, wherein the brake assembly comprises: the automatic return and limiting structure of the friction plate comprises a pin shaft, an elastic piece, an outer side friction plate and an inner side friction plate which are respectively arranged on the brake disc; the outer friction plate comprises an outer magnetic steel back and an outer friction block, and the outer friction block is arranged on the outer magnetic steel back; the inner friction plate comprises an inner magnetic steel back and an inner friction block, and the inner friction block is arranged on the inner magnetic steel back; the caliper assembly is provided with an outer magnetic part, and the outer magnetic part and the outer magnetic steel back are magnetically attracted; the caliper assembly is provided with an inner side magnetic part, and the inner side magnetic part and the inner side magnetic steel back are magnetically attracted; one friction plate is fixedly connected with one end of the pin shaft, and the other end of the pin shaft is connected with the other friction plate in a sliding manner; the elastic piece is pre-compressed between the outer friction plate and the inner friction plate. The invention avoids the frequent replacement of the friction plate due to abnormal abrasion, and prolongs the replacement period.

Description

Brake assembly and automatic return and limit structure of friction plate thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of braking, and particularly relates to a braking assembly and an automatic return and limiting structure of a friction plate of the braking assembly.

Background

The running condition of the off-road vehicle is very bad, and the off-road vehicle needs to run on a mud and gravel road frequently. To ensure braking effectiveness and stability, off-road vehicles typically employ disc brakes. The disc brake is generally arranged in a rim or a main drop position, has large vibration during working, and is often invaded and covered by impurities such as mud, sand and the like. The friction block is used as a movable part in the disc brake, and a certain clearance is required to be kept between the friction block and a brake disc when the disc brake is not braked so as to avoid abrasion and brake dragging. If the clutch blocks do not have the self-return device, abnormal abrasion easily occurs to the clutch blocks due to the invasion of vibration and silt, so that the clutch blocks need to be frequently replaced, the use cost and the maintenance cost of the cross-country vehicle are greatly improved, therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to provide a method for realizing the self-return and the limiting of the clutch blocks, the clearance between the clutch blocks and a brake disc is kept when the friction blocks are not braked, and unnecessary abrasion and brake dragging phenomena of the clutch blocks are avoided.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a brake assembly and an automatic return and limiting structure of a friction plate of the brake assembly.

The present invention provides a brake assembly comprising:

the caliper assembly and the friction plate automatically return and limit structure;

the automatic return and limiting structure of the friction plates comprises a pin shaft, an elastic piece and two friction plates which are respectively arranged on the brake disc, wherein the two friction plates comprise an outer side friction plate and an inner side friction plate;

the outer friction plate comprises an outer magnetic steel back and an outer friction block, the outer friction block is arranged on the outer magnetic steel back, and the outer friction block is arranged close to one side of the brake disc;

the inner friction plate comprises an inner magnetic steel back and an inner friction block, the inner friction block is arranged on the inner magnetic steel back, and the inner friction block is arranged close to one side of the brake disc;

the caliper assembly is provided with an outer magnetic part corresponding to the outer magnetic steel back, and the outer magnetic part and the outer magnetic steel back are attracted magnetically;

the caliper assembly is provided with an inner magnetic part corresponding to the inner magnetic steel back, and the inner magnetic part and the inner magnetic steel back are attracted magnetically;

one end of the pin shaft is fixedly connected with one of the two friction plates, and the other end of the pin shaft is connected with the other friction plate in a sliding manner; the elastic piece is pre-compressed between the outer side friction plate and the inner side friction plate, and the elastic piece is sleeved outside the pin shaft;

when the vehicle brakes, the caliper assembly actuates the outer friction plate and the inner friction plate to be tightly attached to the brake disc so as to realize braking, and the elastic element is compressed to continue to store energy;

when the vehicle is braked, the caliper assembly pushes at least one friction plate away from the brake disc to brake, so that a gap is formed between the friction plate and the brake disc, and meanwhile, the elastic piece stretches under the action of elastic force, so that the gap between the friction plate and the brake disc is maintained.

Optionally, the pin shaft is of a reducing structure and comprises a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section, and the outer diameter of the small-diameter section is smaller than that of the large-diameter section, so that a step surface is formed between the small-diameter section and the large-diameter section; the end part of the large-diameter section, which is far away from the small-diameter section, is fixedly connected with the outer magnetic steel backing, the inner friction block is provided with a sliding through hole connected with the small-diameter section in a sliding manner, the aperture of the sliding through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the large-diameter section, and the step surface is protruded on the surface of one side, close to the inner friction block, of the brake disc when the vehicle is braked.

Optionally, the caliper assembly comprises a caliper bracket, a caliper body and a caliper connecting plate; the caliper bracket is connected with the friction plate in a sliding manner; the caliper bracket is connected with the caliper connecting plate, and the caliper connecting plate is connected with the caliper main body in a sliding manner; the caliper body is provided with a caliper space for accommodating the automatic return and limiting structure of the friction plate, the outside magnetic part is arranged on a hook claw of the caliper body close to one side of the outside magnetic steel backing, and the outside magnetic part is connected with the outside magnetic steel backing in a magnetic attraction manner; the caliper is characterized in that a caliper piston is movably inserted into one side, close to the inner side magnetic steel backing, of the caliper body, the caliper piston is provided with the inner side magnetic part, the inner side magnetic part is connected with the inner side magnetic steel backing in a magnetic attraction mode, and the caliper piston is connected with a hydraulic driving mechanism.

Optionally, when the vehicle brakes, the hydraulic driving mechanism provides hydraulic pressure to actuate the caliper piston and the caliper main body to move towards each other, so that the caliper piston actuates the inner friction plates to move outwards to be close to the brake disc, the caliper body hooks actuate the outer friction plates to move inwards to be close to the brake disc, and braking is achieved, and the elastic piece is compressed to continue to store energy; when the vehicle is braked, the hydraulic driving mechanism withdraws hydraulic pressure to actuate the caliper piston and the caliper main body to move away from the brake disc, the caliper piston drives the inner side magnetic steel back to move inwards and away from the brake disc, a first gap is formed between the inner side friction block and the brake disc, the caliper body claw drives the outer side magnetic steel back to move outwards and away from the brake disc, a second gap is formed between the outer side friction block and the brake disc, and meanwhile, the elastic piece extends under the action of elastic force to abut against the inner side friction plate and the outer side friction plate, so that the first gap and the second gap are kept.

Optionally, the caliper connecting plate is provided with a guide post; the caliper main body is provided with a guide cylinder corresponding to the guide post; the guide post is movably inserted into the guide post, and the guide post extends along the inner and outer directions.

Optionally, the caliper bracket is provided with a guide rail extending in an inner and outer direction; the friction disc corresponds the guide rail is equipped with the guide slot, the guide rail with the guide slot looks adaptation.

Optionally, the caliper assembly includes a caliper body, the caliper body is provided with an accommodating space corresponding to the automatic return and limiting structure of the friction plate, the outer friction plate is movably inserted with an outer piston, and the inner friction plate is movably inserted with an inner piston; the outer side piston is connected with the outer side driving mechanism, and the inner side piston is connected with the inner side driving mechanism; the outer side piston is provided with the outer side magnetic part, and the outer side magnetic part is in magnetic attraction connection with the outer side magnetic steel backing; the inner side piston is provided with the inner side magnetic part, and the inner side magnetic part is in magnetic attraction connection with the inner side magnetic steel backing.

Optionally, when the vehicle brakes, the inner side driving mechanism actuates the inner side piston to drive the inner side friction block to move outwards to be attached to the brake disc, the outer side driving mechanism actuates the outer side piston to drive the outer side friction block to move inwards to be attached to the brake disc to realize braking, and the elastic piece is compressed to continue to store energy; when the vehicle is braked, the inner side driving mechanism actuates the inner side piston to drive the inner side friction block to move inwards to be far away from the brake disc and form a third gap, the outer side driving mechanism actuates the outer side piston to drive the outer side friction block to move outwards to be far away from the brake disc and form a fourth gap, and meanwhile, the elastic piece stretches under the action of elastic force to abut against between the inner side friction plate and the outer side friction plate, so that the third gap and the fourth gap are kept.

The invention also discloses an automatic returning and limiting structure of the friction plate applied to the brake assembly, which comprises the following components:

the brake comprises a pin shaft, an elastic piece and two friction plates which are respectively arranged on a brake disc, wherein the two friction plates comprise an outer side friction plate and an inner side friction plate;

the caliper assembly is provided with an outer magnetic part corresponding to the outer magnetic steel back, and the outer magnetic part and the outer magnetic steel back are magnetically attracted;

In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the inner and outer friction blocks (namely the inner friction block and the outer friction block) are adsorbed by utilizing magnetic attraction, meanwhile, a pre-compressed elastic piece is arranged between the inner and outer friction blocks, and the magnetic attraction and the elastic piece act together, so that the inner and outer friction plates (namely the inner friction plate and the outer friction plate) are respectively reset by a driving mechanism for braking the inner and outer friction plates when the braking is released except for the reset of the inner and outer friction plates, and the inner and outer friction plates can be automatically reset by the elastic force of the elastic piece; and when the cross country vehicle is in a non-braking state, the inner and outer side friction plates are always kept in a reset state (namely, when the cross country vehicle is in the non-braking state, the inner and outer side friction plates are far away from the brake disc and form a gap with the brake disc) due to the elastic force of the elastic part pre-compression energy storage, so that the gap between the inner and outer side friction plates and the brake disc is kept, the phenomena of abrasion of the inner and outer side friction plates, brake drag and the like caused by the contact of the inner and outer side friction plates and the brake disc due to the factors such as vibration, invasion of impurities (mud, silt and the like) and coverage in the running process (namely, the non-braking state) of the vehicle, particularly the cross country vehicle with a very bad running working condition are avoided, the frequent replacement caused by the abnormal abrasion of. More preferably, the pin shaft guides the elastic part, and meanwhile, the reliability and effectiveness of gap maintenance are guaranteed. The invention has compact structure, basically does not occupy the space (the elastic part, the pin shaft, the inner magnetic part, the outer magnetic part and the like) and is arranged on the original space or parts, thereby being very compact and reliable.

2. According to the invention, the pin shaft is arranged in a step shape, so that the inner side friction plate is effectively limited, the inner side magnetic steel back is prevented from contacting with the brake disc to damage the brake disc after the inner side friction block is abraded to the limit, and the inner side magnetic steel back can not contact with the brake disc after the inner side friction block is abraded to the limit due to the limitation of the pin shaft, so that the condition that the inner side magnetic steel back is directly contacted with the brake disc is avoided, the brake disc is protected, and scratches are avoided. The braking efficiency is obviously reduced at the moment, and a driver can be reminded of replacing the friction plate in time, so that the function of reminding of replacing the inner side friction plate is also realized; thereby protect the brake disc and prolong its life and practice thrift the cost, can indicate the effect of in time changing inboard friction disc, kill many birds with one stone.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of one embodiment of a brake assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a caliper assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the caliper assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded view of an embodiment of the self-returning and position-limiting structure of a friction plate according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the assembly diagram of fig. 4.

In all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular: 11-pin shaft, 111-large diameter section, 112-small diameter section, 12-elastic part, 13-outer friction plate, 131-outer magnetic steel back, 132-outer friction block, 133-guide groove, 134-fixing hole, 14-inner friction plate, 141-inner magnetic steel back, 142-inner friction block, 143-sliding through hole, 21-outer magnetic part, 22-inner magnetic part, 23-caliper bracket, 231-guide rail, 24-caliper main body, 241-caliper space, 242-caliper body claw, 243-guide cylinder, 25-caliper connecting plate, 251-guide column, 26-buffer spring and 3-brake disc.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-5, a brake assembly includes: the caliper assembly and the friction plate automatically return and limit structure; the automatic return and limiting structure of the friction plates comprises a pin shaft 11, an elastic part 12 and two friction plates which are respectively arranged on the brake disc 3, wherein the two friction plates comprise an outer side friction plate 13 and an inner side friction plate 14; the outer friction plate 13 comprises an outer magnetic steel back 131 and an outer friction block 132, the outer friction block 132 is arranged on the outer magnetic steel back 131, and the outer friction block 132 is arranged close to one side of the brake disc 3; the inner friction plate 14 comprises an inner magnetic steel back 141 and an inner friction block 142, the inner friction block 142 is arranged on the inner magnetic steel back 141, and the inner friction block 142 is arranged close to one side of the brake disc 3; the caliper assembly is provided with an outer magnetic part 21 corresponding to the outer magnetic steel back 131, and the outer magnetic part 21 and the outer magnetic steel back 131 are magnetically attracted; the caliper assembly is provided with an inner magnetic part 22 corresponding to the inner magnetic steel backing 141, and the inner magnetic part 22 is magnetically attracted with the inner magnetic steel backing 141; one end of the pin shaft 11 is fixedly connected with one of the two friction plates, and the other end of the pin shaft 11 is connected with the other friction plate in a sliding manner; the elastic element 12 is pre-compressed between the outer friction plate 13 and the inner friction plate 14, and the elastic element 12 is sleeved outside the pin shaft 11; when the vehicle brakes, the caliper assembly drives the outer side friction plate 13 and the inner side friction plate 14 to cling to the brake disc 3 to realize braking, and the elastic piece 12 is compressed to continue to store energy; when the vehicle is braked, the caliper assembly pushes at least one friction plate away from the brake disc 3 to brake, so that a gap is formed between the friction plate and the brake disc 3, and meanwhile, the elastic piece 12 extends under the action of elastic force, so that the gap between the friction plate and the brake disc 3 is maintained.

In practice, when the vehicle is in a non-braking state, the spring 12 will be in an initial pre-compressed state, due to the existence of the elastic force, two ends of the elastic piece 12 respectively abut against the inner side friction piece 14 and the outer side friction piece 13, so that the clearances of the inner friction plate 14 and the outer friction plate 13 with the disc 3 respectively are maintained, even if the vehicle vibrates during running or the road condition is poor, the inner friction plate 14 and the outer friction plate 13 always have a gap with the brake disc 3 due to the elastic element 12 and do not contact with the brake disc 3, so that the abnormal contact (i.e. the contact in a non-braking state) between the inner friction plate 14 and the outer friction plate 13 and the brake disc 3 is avoided, the inner friction plate 14 and the outer friction plate 13 are brought into contact with the disc 3 to cause abnormal wear (i.e., wear caused by contact with the disc 3 in a non-braking state). When the vehicle is in a braking state, the inner friction plate 14 and/or the outer friction plate 13 move oppositely under the driving of the driving mechanism to contact the brake disc 3 to realize braking, and at the moment, the spring in the original pre-compression state is further compressed to store energy; when the brake is released, the spring is extended under the action of the elastic force to enable the inner friction plate 14 and the outer friction plate 13 to move away from each other, and further a gap between the inner friction plate 14 and the brake disc 3 and a gap between the outer friction plate 13 and the brake disc 3 are kept. In practical applications, the outer magnetic steel backs 131 and the inner magnetic steel backs 141 may be made of ferromagnetic materials, and the inner magnetic members 22 and the outer magnetic members 21 may be made of magnets, so as to save cost and space.

Optionally, the pin shaft 11 has a diameter-variable structure, and includes a large-diameter section 111 and a small-diameter section 112, and an outer diameter of the small-diameter section 112 is smaller than an outer diameter of the large-diameter section 111, so that a step surface is formed between the small-diameter section 112 and the large-diameter section 111; the end part of the large-diameter section 111 far away from the small-diameter section 112 is fixedly connected with the outer magnetic steel back 131, the inner friction block 142 is provided with a sliding through hole 143 connected with the small-diameter section 112 in a sliding mode, the aperture of the sliding through hole 143 is smaller than the outer diameter of the large-diameter section 111, and the step surface is protruded on the surface of one side, close to the inner friction block 142, of the brake disc 3 during vehicle braking. Optionally, the outer magnetic steel back 131 is provided with a fixing hole 134 corresponding to the large-diameter section 111, and the large-diameter section 111 is in interference fit with the fixing hole 134 to fixedly connect the pin shaft 11 and the outer magnetic steel back 131. Of course, in another embodiment of the present invention, the pin 11 may also be fixed to the outer magnetic steel back 131 by a positioning pin extending along a radial direction of the pin. In another embodiment of the present invention, the pin 11 is screwed with the outer magnetic steel back 131 to fix the outer magnetic steel back 131. In practical applications, the size of the large diameter section 111 is preferably no less than the thickness of the brake disc 3 (i.e. the size of the brake disc 3 along the axial direction of the pin 11), and preferably, the step surface protrudes 2mm from the surface of the brake pad on the side close to the inner friction pad 142 during vehicle braking, so as to ensure that the inner magnetic steel backing 141 does not contact the brake disc 3, and the size is reduced. The overall length of the pin 11 is determined by the caliper space 241 so as not to affect the operation of the caliper assembly.

Optionally, the caliper assembly comprises a caliper bracket 23, a caliper body 24 and a caliper connecting plate 25; the caliper bracket 23 is connected with the friction plate in a sliding way; the caliper bracket 23 is connected with a caliper connecting plate 25, and the caliper connecting plate 25 is connected with the caliper main body 24 in a sliding manner; the caliper main body 24 is provided with a caliper space 241 for accommodating the friction plate automatic return and limiting structure, the caliper body claw 242 at one side of the caliper main body 24 close to the outer side magnetic steel back 131 is provided with an outer side magnetic part 21, and the outer side magnetic part 21 is connected with the outer side magnetic steel back 131 in a magnetic absorption way; a caliper piston is movably inserted into one side of the caliper main body 24 close to the inner side magnetic steel back 141, the caliper piston is provided with an inner side magnetic part 22, the inner side magnetic part 22 is connected with the inner side magnetic steel back 141 in a magnetic attraction mode, and the caliper piston is connected with a hydraulic driving mechanism.

Alternatively, when the vehicle brakes, the hydraulic drive mechanism provides hydraulic actuation to move the caliper piston and the caliper main body 24 towards each other, so that the caliper piston actuates the inner friction plate 14 to move outwards to be close to the brake disc 3, the caliper body claw 242 actuates the outer friction plate 13 to move inwards to be close to the brake disc 3 to realize braking, and the elastic element 12 is compressed to continue to store energy; when the vehicle is braked, the hydraulic drive mechanism withdraws the hydraulic brake caliper piston and the caliper main body 24 to move away from the brake disc, the caliper piston drives the inner magnetic steel back 141 to move inwards and away from the brake disc 3, a first gap is formed between the inner friction block 142 and the brake disc 3, the caliper body claw 242 drives the outer magnetic steel back 131 to move outwards and away from the brake disc 3, a second gap is formed between the outer friction block 132 and the brake disc 3, and meanwhile, the elastic piece 12 extends under the action of elastic force to abut against the inner friction plate 14 and the outer friction plate 13, so that the first gap and the second gap are kept. It is worth mentioning that the first gap and the second gap may be the same or different, and are specifically set as the actual requirement. Of course, the first gap and the second gap should have a certain variation in practical application due to the fatigue of the elastic member 12 in use, but those skilled in the art will understand that there should be a range of sizes of the first gap and the second gap.

Optionally, the caliper connecting plate 25 is provided with guide posts 251; the caliper main body 24 is provided with a guide cylinder 243 corresponding to the guide column 251; the guide posts 251 are movably inserted into the guide posts 251, and the guide posts 251 extend in the inward and outward directions. In another embodiment of the present invention, the guide posts 251 may be provided to the caliper body 24, and the guide cylinders 243 may be provided to the caliper connecting plate 25. Preferably, be equipped with buffer spring 26 between calliper connecting plate 25 and the calliper main part 24, buffer spring 26's one end is connected with calliper connecting plate 25, and buffer spring 26's the other end is connected with calliper main part 24 for buffer its relative motion between the two, avoid both because of striking, the bad phenomena such as vibration that the mutual velocity of motion appears too fast, the life of extension spare part ensures that motion between the two is stable, safe and reliable.

Alternatively, the caliper bracket 23 is provided with a guide rail 231 extending in the inward and outward directions; the friction plate is provided with a guide groove 133 corresponding to the guide rail 231, and the guide rail 231 is matched with the guide groove 133. In practical applications, the matching between the guide rail 231 and the guide groove 133 may be a concave-convex matching between the guide rail 231 and the guide groove 133, or the guide rail 231 penetrates through the guide groove 133, but all of them should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In another embodiment of the present invention, different from the above embodiments, the caliper assembly of this embodiment includes a caliper body, the caliper body is provided with an accommodating space corresponding to the friction plate self-return and limit structure, the outer friction plate 13 is movably inserted with an outer piston, and the inner friction plate 14 is movably inserted with an inner piston; the outer side piston is connected with the outer side driving mechanism, and the inner side piston is connected with the inner side driving mechanism; the outer piston is provided with an outer magnetic part 21, and the outer magnetic part 21 is magnetically connected with the outer magnetic steel back 131; the inner piston is provided with an inner magnetic part 22, and the inner magnetic part 22 is magnetically connected with the inner magnetic steel backing 141.

Optionally, when the vehicle brakes, the inner side driving mechanism actuates the inner side piston to drive the inner side friction block 142 to move outwards to be attached to the brake disc 3, the outer side driving mechanism actuates the outer side piston to drive the outer side friction block 132 to move inwards to be attached to the brake disc 3 to realize braking, and the elastic element 12 is compressed to continue to store energy; when the vehicle is braked, the inner side driving mechanism actuates the inner side piston to drive the inner side friction block 142 to move inwards to be far away from the brake disc 3 and form a third gap, the outer side driving mechanism actuates the outer side piston to drive the outer side friction block 132 to move outwards to be far away from the brake disc 3 and form a fourth gap, and meanwhile, the elastic piece 12 stretches under the action of elastic force to abut against between the inner side friction plate 14 and the outer side friction plate 13, so that the third gap and the fourth gap are kept. It is worth noting that the third gap and the fourth gap may be the same or different, and should be a range of values as the first gap and the second gap. The first gap, the second gap, the third gap and the fourth gap may be the same or different, and are specifically set as required. The elastic member 12 may be a spring member or a cylindrical flexible member having a deformation capability in practical applications.

In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, an automatic returning and limiting structure for a friction plate applied to a brake assembly according to any one of the above embodiments includes: the brake comprises a pin shaft 11, an elastic piece 12 and two friction plates which are respectively arranged on a brake disc 3, wherein the two friction plates comprise an outer side friction plate 13 and an inner side friction plate 14; the outer friction plate 13 comprises an outer magnetic steel back 131 and an outer friction block 132, the outer friction block 132 is arranged on the outer magnetic steel back 131, and the outer friction block 132 is arranged close to one side of the brake disc 3; the inner friction plate 14 comprises an inner magnetic steel back 141 and an inner friction block 142, the inner friction block 142 is arranged on the inner magnetic steel back 141, and the inner friction block 142 is arranged close to one side of the brake disc 3; the caliper assembly is provided with an outer magnetic part 21 corresponding to the outer magnetic steel back 131, and the outer magnetic part 21 and the outer magnetic steel back 131 are magnetically attracted; the caliper assembly is provided with an inner magnetic part 22 corresponding to the inner magnetic steel backing 141, and the inner magnetic part 22 is magnetically attracted with the inner magnetic steel backing 141; one end of the pin shaft 11 is fixedly connected with one of the two friction plates, and the other end of the pin shaft 11 is connected with the other friction plate in a sliding manner; the elastic element 12 is pre-compressed between the outer friction plate 13 and the inner friction plate 14, and the elastic element 12 is sleeved outside the pin shaft 11; when the vehicle brakes, the caliper assembly drives the outer side friction plate 13 and the inner side friction plate 14 to cling to the brake disc 3 to realize braking, and the elastic piece 12 is compressed to continue to store energy; when the vehicle is braked, the caliper assembly pushes at least one friction plate away from the brake disc 3 to brake, so that a gap is formed between the friction plate and the brake disc 3, and meanwhile, the elastic piece 12 extends under the action of elastic force, so that the gap between the friction plate and the brake disc 3 is maintained.

Optionally, the pin shaft 11 has a diameter-variable structure, and includes a large-diameter section 111 and a small-diameter section 112, and an outer diameter of the small-diameter section 112 is smaller than an outer diameter of the large-diameter section 111, so that a step surface is formed between the small-diameter section 112 and the large-diameter section 111; the end part of the large-diameter section 111 far away from the small-diameter section 112 is fixedly connected with the outer magnetic steel back 131, the inner friction block 142 is provided with a sliding through hole 143 connected with the small-diameter section 112 in a sliding mode, the aperture of the sliding through hole 143 is smaller than the outer diameter of the large-diameter section 111, and the step surface is protruded on the surface of one side, close to the inner friction block 142, of the brake disc 3 during vehicle braking.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A brake assembly, comprising:

2. The brake assembly of claim 1, wherein:

the pin shaft is of a reducing structure and comprises a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section, and the outer diameter of the small-diameter section is smaller than that of the large-diameter section, so that a step surface is formed between the small-diameter section and the large-diameter section;

the end part of the large-diameter section, which is far away from the small-diameter section, is fixedly connected with the outer magnetic steel backing, the inner friction block is provided with a sliding through hole connected with the small-diameter section in a sliding manner, the aperture of the sliding through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the large-diameter section, and the step surface is protruded on the surface of one side, close to the inner friction block, of the brake disc when the vehicle is braked.

3. A brake assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:

the caliper assembly comprises a caliper bracket, a caliper main body and a caliper connecting plate;

the caliper bracket is connected with the friction plate in a sliding manner; the caliper bracket is connected with the caliper connecting plate, and the caliper connecting plate is connected with the caliper main body in a sliding manner;

the caliper body is provided with a caliper space for accommodating the automatic return and limiting structure of the friction plate, the outside magnetic part is arranged on a hook claw of the caliper body close to one side of the outside magnetic steel backing, and the outside magnetic part is connected with the outside magnetic steel backing in a magnetic attraction manner; the caliper is characterized in that a caliper piston is movably inserted into one side, close to the inner side magnetic steel backing, of the caliper body, the caliper piston is provided with the inner side magnetic part, the inner side magnetic part is connected with the inner side magnetic steel backing in a magnetic attraction mode, and the caliper piston is connected with a hydraulic driving mechanism.

4. A brake assembly according to claim 3, wherein:

when the vehicle brakes, the hydraulic driving mechanism provides hydraulic pressure to actuate the caliper piston and the caliper main body to move towards each other, so that the caliper piston actuates the inner friction plate to move outwards to be attached to the brake disc, the caliper body hook claw actuates the outer friction plate to move inwards to be attached to the brake disc to realize braking, and the elastic piece is compressed to continue to store energy;

when the vehicle is braked, the hydraulic driving mechanism withdraws hydraulic pressure to actuate the caliper piston and the caliper main body to move away from the brake disc, the caliper piston drives the inner side magnetic steel back to move inwards and away from the brake disc, a first gap is formed between the inner side friction block and the brake disc, the caliper body claw drives the outer side magnetic steel back to move outwards and away from the brake disc, a second gap is formed between the outer side friction block and the brake disc, and meanwhile, the elastic piece extends under the action of elastic force to abut against the inner side friction plate and the outer side friction plate, so that the first gap and the second gap are kept.

5. A brake assembly according to claim 3, wherein:

the caliper connecting plate is provided with a guide post;

the caliper main body is provided with a guide cylinder corresponding to the guide post; the guide post is movably inserted into the guide post, and the guide post extends along the inner and outer directions.

6. A brake assembly according to claim 3, wherein:

the caliper bracket is provided with a guide rail extending along the inner and outer directions; the friction disc corresponds the guide rail is equipped with the guide slot, the guide rail with the guide slot looks adaptation.

7. A brake assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:

the caliper assembly comprises a caliper body, the caliper body is provided with an accommodating space corresponding to the automatic return and limiting structure of the friction plate, the outer side friction plate is movably inserted with an outer side piston, and the inner side friction plate is movably inserted with an inner side piston; the outer side piston is connected with the outer side driving mechanism, and the inner side piston is connected with the inner side driving mechanism;

the outer side piston is provided with the outer side magnetic part, and the outer side magnetic part is in magnetic attraction connection with the outer side magnetic steel backing;

the inner side piston is provided with the inner side magnetic part, and the inner side magnetic part is in magnetic attraction connection with the inner side magnetic steel backing.

8. The brake assembly of claim 7, wherein:

when the vehicle brakes, the inner side driving mechanism actuates the inner side piston to drive the inner side friction block to move outwards to be attached to the brake disc, the outer side driving mechanism actuates the outer side piston to drive the outer side friction block to move inwards to be attached to the brake disc to realize braking, and the elastic piece is compressed to continue to store energy;

when the vehicle is braked, the inner side driving mechanism actuates the inner side piston to drive the inner side friction block to move inwards to be far away from the brake disc and form a third gap, the outer side driving mechanism actuates the outer side piston to drive the outer side friction block to move outwards to be far away from the brake disc and form a fourth gap, and meanwhile, the elastic piece stretches under the action of elastic force to abut against between the inner side friction plate and the outer side friction plate, so that the third gap and the fourth gap are kept.

9. A friction plate self-return and spacing structure for a brake assembly according to any of claims 1 to 8, comprising:

10. The self-return and limit structure of claim 9, wherein: