CN112852498A - Fuel dealkalization device and method, circulating fluidized bed gasification device and method - Google Patents
Fuel dealkalization device and method, circulating fluidized bed gasification device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112852498A CN112852498A CN202011643290.3A CN202011643290A CN112852498A CN 112852498 A CN112852498 A CN 112852498A CN 202011643290 A CN202011643290 A CN 202011643290A CN 112852498 A CN112852498 A CN 112852498A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
Abstract
A fuel dealkalization device and method, circulating fluidized bed gasification device and method, the fuel dealkalization device, is the bubbling fluidized bed, including: the fuel inlet is positioned at the upper part of the fuel dealkalizing device and is used for conveying fuel to the fuel dealkalizing device; the auxiliary gasifying agent inlet is positioned at the lower part of the fuel dealkalizing device and is used for conveying the auxiliary gasifying agent to the fuel dealkalizing device, wherein the fuel and the auxiliary gasifying agent are subjected to dealkalizing reaction under heating; the dealkalized solid fuel overflow port is positioned at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device and is used for outputting dealkalized solid fuel generated by dealkalization reaction; and the alkali-rich fuel gas outlet is positioned at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device and is used for outputting alkali-rich fuel gas generated by dealkalization reaction. The invention also provides a fuel dealkalization method, a circulating fluidized bed gasification device and a method. The invention solves the technical problem of slag formation of the high-alkali coal due to high content of alkali metal, realizes safe and reliable utilization of the high-alkali coal, and has wide market application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel gasification, in particular to a fuel dealkalization device and method and a circulating fluidized bed gasification device and method.
Background
The reserve of the Xinjiang coal resources is rich, the predicted reserve reaches 290 trillion tons and accounts for about 40 percent of the total amount of the Chinese coal resources, and the Xinjiang coal resources become an energy continuing area and a strategic energy reserve area of China. The large-scale development and utilization of the Xinjiang coal resources play a significant role in the energy strategic safety of China and the leap-type development of Xinjiang.
Among the large coal fields in Xinjiang, the east Junggar coal field is the largest whole coal field in China at present, and the predicted storage amount is 3900 hundred million tons. Calculated as the annual coal consumption in China at present, the eastern Junggar coal field can be used nationwide for about one hundred years. Due to special coal forming conditions, the coal quality in the region has the characteristics of low ash, low sulfur, medium and high moisture, medium calorific value, high alkali metal content, easiness in ignition, easiness in burnout, high reaction activity, strong slag bonding/contamination, easiness in pulverization and the like. Compared with other domestic coal types, Na in Xinjiang east Junggong high-alkali coal ash2O content of 3-15%, CaO content of 10-40%, Fe2O3The content of the basic metal is 7-20%, so that the coal ash of Xinjiang east coal has low melting temperature and shows strong slagging and contamination characteristics in the thermochemical conversion process, and the large-scale development and utilization of the Xinjiang east coal are greatly limited.
On an active boiler, the long-period full-load operation of the high-alkali coal cannot be realized. When high-alkali coal is calcined under high load, the problems of serious contamination, slag formation and ash deposition easily occur on the heating surfaces (water-cooled walls, separating screens, superheaters, reheaters and the like) of the boiler, so that the phenomena of overtemperature, tube explosion, flue blockage, coke falling and the like frequently occur on part of the heating surfaces. At present, the power plant usually adopts the measures of low-load operation, blending combustion of other coal types, addition of additives and the like to relieve the problems, but the utilization efficiency of the high-alkali coal is low.
On an active circulating fluidized bed gasifier, the problems of contamination, slagging and ash deposition of a heating surface (an air preheater, a waste heat boiler, a gas water cooler and the like) do not occur when high-alkali coal is purely burned, the advantages of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier in the aspect of utilization of the high-alkali coal are reflected, however, fuel of the active circulating fluidized bed gasifier is fed from the middle part of a hearth, a gasifying agent is fed from the bottom of the hearth, so that the temperature of the bottom of the hearth is highest, the temperature is gradually reduced along the height direction of the hearth, and alkaline metals in ash are easy to be subjected to low-temperature co-melting in a high-temperature region at the bottom of the hearth, so that slagging occurs at the bottom of the hearth of the gasifier, and the problem is a. Moreover, the bottom of the hearth of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is a dense-phase region, and the concentration of the coal ash is high, so that alkali metals in the coal ash are enriched in the region, and the risk of slagging is enhanced. In conclusion, the key point of realizing long-period stable operation of the high-alkali coal circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is to solve the problem of slag bonding at the bottom of the hearth.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a fuel dealkalization apparatus and method, and a circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus and method, which are intended to at least partially solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.
In order to achieve the above object, as one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel dealkalization apparatus which is a bubbling fluidized bed, comprising: a fuel inlet located at the upper part of the fuel dealkalizing device and used for conveying high-alkali fuel to the fuel dealkalizing device; an auxiliary gasifying agent inlet positioned at the lower part of the fuel dealkalizing device and used for conveying an auxiliary gasifying agent to the fuel dealkalizing device, wherein the fuel and the auxiliary gasifying agent are subjected to dealkalizing reaction under heating; the dealkalized solid fuel overflow port is positioned at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device and is used for outputting the dealkalized solid fuel generated by the dealkalization reaction; and the alkali-rich fuel gas outlet is positioned at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device and is used for outputting the alkali-rich fuel gas generated by the dealkalization reaction.
As another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a fuel dealkalization method using the above fuel dealkalization apparatus, comprising: delivering fuel to the fuel dealkalizing device from a fuel inlet at the upper part of the fuel dealkalizing device; conveying an auxiliary gasifying agent to the fuel dealkalizing device from an auxiliary gasifying agent inlet at the lower part of the fuel dealkalizing device, so that the fuel and the auxiliary gasifying agent are subjected to dealkalizing reaction under heating; outputting the dealkalized solid fuel generated by the dealkalization reaction from a dealkalized solid fuel overflow port at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device; and outputting the alkali-rich fuel gas generated by the dealkalization reaction from an alkali-rich fuel gas outlet at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device.
As still another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus, comprising: the main bed comprises an oxidation area and a reduction area from bottom to top, a main gasifying agent inlet and a material returning opening are formed in the bottom of the main bed, which is positioned in the oxidation area, and an alkali-rich fuel gas inlet is formed in the main bed, which is positioned in the reduction area; the lower material returning device is communicated with a material returning port of the main bed and is used for conveying the dealkalized solid fuel to the oxidation zone; and the auxiliary bed is the high-temperature dealkalization device, the dealkalized solid fuel overflow port of the auxiliary bed is communicated with the lower return feeder and is used for conveying the dealkalized solid fuel to the lower return feeder, and the rich alkali fuel gas outlet of the auxiliary bed is communicated with the rich alkali fuel gas inlet of the main bed and is used for conveying the rich alkali fuel gas to the reduction area of the main bed.
As a further aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a circulating fluidized bed gasification method, comprising: introducing the fuel and an auxiliary gasifying agent into an auxiliary bed to carry out dealkalization reaction to generate dealkalized solid fuel and alkali-rich fuel gas; introducing the dealkalized solid fuel into an oxidation zone of a main bed, and carrying out gasification reaction with a main gasification agent introduced into the main bed to generate a gas-solid material; and introducing the alkali-rich fuel gas into a reduction zone of the main bed, and interacting with the gas-solid material in a reducing atmosphere to generate a crude fuel gas.
According to the technical scheme, the fuel dealkalization device and method and the circulating fluidized bed gasification device and method have one or part of the following beneficial effects:
(1) the fuel dealkalization device of the invention utilizes the high-alkali fuel to efficiently dealkalize in the reducing atmosphere provided by the steam, overcomes the defects of the water-alkali elution method in the prior art, simplifies the dealkalization process flow of the high-alkali fuel, realizes the direct utilization of high-temperature on-line dealkalization and high-temperature semicoke after dealkalization, fundamentally solves the problem of slag formation bottleneck at the bottom of a hearth of the pure-burning high-alkali fuel of the existing circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, realizes the large-scale long-period stable operation of the high-alkali fuel, and simultaneously improves the carbon conversion rate and the cold fuel gas efficiency of the system.
(2) The circulating fluidized bed gasification device and the method are suitable for high-alkali fuel, the high-alkali fuel is directly introduced into the auxiliary bed, so that alkali metal in the high-alkali fuel is fully separated out under the conditions of high temperature and fluidization, and the high-temperature, high-efficiency and on-line removal of the alkali metal in the high-alkali fuel is realized, so that the high-alkali fuel can be successfully converted into conventional low-alkali-content solid fuel, and the slagging problem can be effectively avoided. The defects of large water resource consumption, low insoluble alkali metal removal rate and the like of the traditional washing method are overcome, and secondary pollution caused by the washing method is avoided.
(3) In the auxiliary bed, the residence time of the particles of the high-alkali fuel is long, the reaction is sufficient, 30-70% of alkali metal in the high-alkali fuel is separated out at the stage, and the content of the alkali metal in the fuel is greatly reduced. In the aspects of structure and function, the arrangement of the auxiliary bed and the lower return feeder and the matching of the auxiliary bed and the lower return feeder are key, the lower return feeder can return high-temperature dealkalized solid materials to the hearth, and simultaneously has the effect of isolating alkali metal steam from entering the bottom of the gasification furnace and the effect of isolating a reduction area of the auxiliary bed from an oxidation area at the bottom of the main bed. The auxiliary bed is in reducing atmosphere, has high carbon concentration and even air distribution, and is not easy to slag.
(4) The high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel generated in the auxiliary bed can be conveyed to the bottom of the main bed, and the combustion and gasification of the low-alkali fuel are easier to control, so that the problem of slag bonding bottleneck existing when the high-alkali fuel is directly combusted in the circulating fluidized bed is avoided. The technical problem of slag bonding of the high-alkali fuel due to high content of alkali metal is solved, the safe and reliable utilization of the high-alkali fuel is realized, and the high-alkali fuel has wide market application prospect.
(5) The fuel gas rich in alkali generated in the auxiliary bed can be conveyed to the position of the return port of the main bed and above, so that the slag bonding caused by direct contact and reaction with the material in the high-temperature region at the bottom of the hearth to generate low-temperature co-melt is avoided. Alkali metal in the alkali-rich fuel gas can be used as a catalyst of gasification reaction, so that the gasification reaction of high-temperature materials conveyed upwards from the bottom of the main bed is promoted, the carbon conversion is promoted, and the gasification efficiency of the fuel is improved.
(6) The circulating fluidized bed gasification device suitable for the high-alkali fuel has the advantages of simple structural design, convenient operation, easy realization of large-scale production, strong fuel adaptability and capability of being used for the high-alkali coal, biomass and other alkali-rich fuels.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus suitable for high alkali coal (fuel) in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus for a high alkali fuel to demonstrate the angle of inclination of the auxiliary bed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a high-alkali coal circulating fluidized bed gasification device with secondary air nozzles for showing an auxiliary bed in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a secondary air nozzle structure for showing the auxiliary bed in the embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
10 main bed
11 gas-solid separator
12 upward material returning device
13 auxiliary bed
14 lower material returning device
20 fuel inlet
21 auxiliary gasifying agent inlet
22 high-temperature circulating semicoke inlet of auxiliary bed
23 dealkalized solid fuel overflow port
24 alkali-rich fuel gas outlet
30 main gasifying agent inlet
31 alkali-rich fuel gas inlet
32 material returning port
33 rough fuel gas outlet
34 bottom slag outlet
35 circulating semicoke inlet of upper return feeder
Dealkalized solid fuel inlet of 36 lower return feeder
37 gas-solid separator fuel gas outlet
40 auxiliary bed primary air gasifying agent inlet
41 first auxiliary bed overfire air gasifying agent inlet
42 second auxiliary bed secondary air gasifying agent inlet
43 third auxiliary bed secondary air gasifying agent inlet
44 fourth auxiliary bed secondary air gasifying agent inlet
Detailed Description
In the process of implementing the invention, the coal dealkalization method can be combined in the operation process of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace to avoid the problem of slag formation at the bottom of a hearth, however, the existing coal dealkalization method is to crush raw coal to be dealkalized to obtain coal powder; mixing the coal powder with an eluent containing a water-soluble organic solvent; and introducing carbon dioxide gas into the mixed solution, stirring and washing at 20-60 ℃ for 3-24 hours, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation and drying to obtain the dealkalized coal. The method has good dealkalization effect and mild reaction conditions, but has more steps and long period, and is difficult to realize large-scale application. Moreover, pollutants in the coal are transferred into the solution after being soaked and washed, so that secondary pollution is easily caused, and the method is not suitable for the method.
The invention provides a fuel dealkalization device and method, a circulating fluidized bed gasification device and method, and concretely provides a high-alkali fuel feeding system from an auxiliary bed, wherein the auxiliary bed is a bubbling fluidized bed, water vapor or oxygen-deficient water vapor is used as a fluidizing medium, high-temperature circulating semicoke separated by a gas-solid separator enters the auxiliary bed through an upper return feeder and serves as a heat carrier to provide a heat source for the auxiliary bed, and the high-alkali fuel is subjected to drying, pyrolysis, partial gasification and dealkalization reaction at 500-900 ℃ to generate high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel and alkali-enriched crude fuel gas. The oxygen-poor water vapor refers to a mixed gas of oxygen and water vapor or a mixed gas of oxygen, air and water vapor, wherein the oxygen is insufficient, the fuel coke is not enough to be completely combusted, and the concentration of the oxygen is controlled in a way that the material temperature in the fuel dealkalization device is in a dealkalization reaction temperature range by heat generated by the exothermic combustion of the fuel. Because the auxiliary bed is a bubbling fluidized bed, the fluidization speed is low, the temperature is mild, and the particle crushing and abrasion degree is much weaker than that of the traditional circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, so that the particle pulverization can be effectively inhibited, and an important premise is provided for fully separating out alkali metal in the high-alkali fuel; in addition, in the auxiliary bed, the high-alkali fuel has long retention time and sufficient reaction, 30-70% of alkali metal in the high-alkali fuel is separated out at the stage, the content of the alkali metal in the coal is greatly reduced, and thus the high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel is obtained. The term "high-alkali fuel" as used herein refers to a high-alkali fuel such as high-alkali coal or biomass.
The high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel generated by the auxiliary bed is introduced into the main bed through the lower return feeder and carries out combustion and gasification reaction with the main gasifying agent introduced from the bottom of the main bed. Compared with high-alkali fuel, the content of alkali metal in the high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel is greatly reduced, and the slag problem in the circulating fluidized bed gasification device is greatly inhibited, so that the continuous and stable operation of the pure-burning high-alkali fuel circulating fluidized bed gasification device can be realized.
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a fuel dealkalization apparatus, which is a bubbling fluidized bed, including: the fuel inlet is positioned at the upper part of the fuel dealkalizing device and is used for conveying fuel to the fuel dealkalizing device; the auxiliary gasifying agent inlet is positioned at the lower part of the fuel dealkalization device and is used for conveying the auxiliary gasifying agent to the high-alkali fuel dealkalization device, wherein the fuel and the auxiliary gasifying agent are subjected to dealkalization reaction under heating; the dealkalized solid fuel overflow port is positioned at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device and is used for outputting dealkalized solid fuel generated by dealkalization reaction; and the alkali-rich fuel gas outlet is positioned at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device and is used for outputting alkali-rich fuel gas generated by dealkalization reaction. The alkali metal in the fuel is fully precipitated under the conditions of high temperature and fluidization action through the fuel dealkalization device, so that the fuel can be successfully converted into the conventional low-alkali-content solid fuel. The heating can be achieved by means of an external heat source or by the heat release of the partial combustion of the fuel itself.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the included angle between the wall surface of the dealkalization device and the horizontal plane is any angle between 45 and 90 degrees, so that the cross section area of the middle upper part of the fuel dealkalization device is increased, the fluidization speed is reduced, and the dealkalization reaction is enhanced.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the middle part of the fuel dealkalizing device is also provided with the secondary air nozzle, and the included angle between the secondary air nozzle and the horizontal plane is any angle between 0 and 60 degrees. Secondary air is introduced through a secondary air nozzle, particle disturbance and reaction in the fuel dealkalization device can be enhanced, and the dealkalization process is promoted, wherein the secondary air is water vapor or oxygen-deficient water vapor.
The fluidization speed of the fuel dealkalizing device is 0.2-1.0m/s, and the auxiliary gasifying agent is water vapor, or oxygen-poor water vapor, or other oxygen-containing gas.
Preferably, the gasifying agent of the fuel dealkalizing device is water vapor. Experimental research shows that when water vapor is used as a fluidizing medium, on one hand, the fuel can be fully fluidized, so that the fuel is subjected to drying, pyrolysis and dealkalization reactions; on the other hand, the water vapor promotes the precipitation of fuel-soluble and acetic acid-soluble alkali metals, greatly reduces the alkali metal content in the fuel, and suppresses the slag formation. Moreover, the reaction rate between the water vapor and the fuel coke is obviously lower than that of the combustion gasification reaction between the water vapor and the fuel coke, the reaction is incomplete, the carbon concentration in the fuel dealkalization device is high, the ash concentration is low, the reaction process can be better controlled, and the slag bonding problem in the fuel dealkalization device is avoided. Alternatively, oxygen-depleted water vapor may be used as the fluidizing medium to maintain the fuel dealkalization apparatus in a reducing atmosphere and at a higher temperature to promote the drying, pyrolysis, gasification and dealkalization processes in the fuel dealkalization apparatus to promote the precipitation of alkali metals to obtain a low-alkali solid fuel.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the fuel dealkalization apparatus further comprises a recycle semicoke inlet located at an upper portion of the fuel dealkalization apparatus for delivering the recycle semicoke fuel to the fuel dealkalization apparatus. The circulating semicoke is used as a heat carrier to provide a heat source for the fuel dealkalization device.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a fuel dealkalization method using the above fuel dealkalization apparatus, including: delivering fuel to the fuel dealkalization device from a high-alkali fuel inlet at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device; conveying an auxiliary gasifying agent to the fuel dealkalizing device from an auxiliary gasifying agent inlet at the lower part of the fuel dealkalizing device to ensure that the high-alkali fuel and the auxiliary gasifying agent are subjected to dealkalizing reaction under heating; outputting dealkalized solid fuel generated by dealkalization reaction from an overflow port of the dealkalized solid fuel at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device; and outputting the alkali-rich fuel gas generated by the dealkalization reaction from an alkali-rich fuel gas outlet at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device. The fuel is directly introduced into the fuel dealkalization device, so that alkali metal in the fuel is fully separated out under the conditions of high temperature and fluidization, and the high-temperature, high-efficiency and on-line removal of the alkali metal in the fuel is realized, so that the fuel can be successfully converted into conventional low-alkali-content solid fuel, and the problem of slag bonding can be effectively avoided. The defects of large water resource consumption, low insoluble alkali metal removal rate and the like of the traditional washing method are overcome, and secondary pollution caused by the washing method is avoided.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the dealkalization reaction is 500-900 ℃, and preferably 700-900 ℃. The method is beneficial to transferring alkali metal in the fuel to the gas phase to the maximum extent so as to obtain the dealkalized solid fuel, and can also inhibit the occurrence of slagging.
There is also provided, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, including: the main bed comprises an oxidation area and a reduction area from bottom to top, a main gasifying agent inlet and a material returning opening are formed in the bottom of the main bed, which is positioned in the oxidation area, and an alkali-rich coal gas inlet is formed in the position of the main bed, which is positioned in the reduction area; the lower material returning device is communicated with a material returning port of the main bed and is used for conveying the dealkalized solid fuel to the oxidation zone; and the auxiliary bed is a fuel dealkalization device, the dealkalized solid coal overflow port of the auxiliary bed is communicated with the lower return feeder and is used for conveying dealkalized solid coal to the lower return feeder, and the rich alkali coal gas outlet of the auxiliary bed is communicated with the rich alkali coal gas inlet of the main bed and is used for conveying rich alkali coal gas to the reduction zone of the main bed. The key of the invention is the arrangement of the auxiliary bed and the lower material returning device and the matching of the auxiliary bed and the lower material returning device, and simultaneously, the invention also embodies the outstanding technical advantages that: the lower material returning device not only has the function of a conventional material returning device, but also has the effect of isolating alkali metal steam from entering the bottom of the gasification furnace and the effect of isolating the reduction area of the auxiliary bed from the oxidation area at the bottom of the main bed. The specific description is as follows:
(1) the lower return feeder can successfully convey the high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel generated by the auxiliary bed to the dense-phase region at the bottom of the main bed, thereby realizing the conveying of the materials from low pressure to high pressure and carrying out combustion and gasification reaction with the main gasifying agent introduced at the bottom of the main bed. Compared with high-alkali fuel, the alkali metal content in the high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel is greatly reduced, so that the slag formation problem at the bottom of a hearth is greatly inhibited. In the scheme, the high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel generated by the auxiliary bed is introduced into the main bed, so that the difficult problem of utilization of the high-alkali fuel is successfully simplified into high-quality utilization of the conventional low-alkali fuel, and therefore, the slagging problem does not exist, and the continuous and stable operation of the pure-burning high-alkali coal gasifier can be realized.
(2) Based on the material sealing effect of solid materials in the lower material returning device, the lower material returning device can realize the efficient physical isolation of the main bed and the auxiliary bed, crude fuel gas and gas-phase alkali metal steam generated in the auxiliary bed are conveyed to the area far away from the bottom high-temperature area in the main bed through the communicating pipe, the crude fuel gas and the gas-phase alkali metal steam are prevented from entering the high-temperature area of the main bed, the effective isolation of the crude fuel gas and dealkalized fuel is realized, and therefore the alkali-rich crude fuel gas is effectively prevented from contacting with the high-temperature and high-ash-concentration solid materials at.
(3) The auxiliary bed is arranged for the purpose of carrying out efficient and safe dealkalization of the high-alkali fuel under the premise of reducing atmosphere and no slag bonding, and providing dealkalized fuel for the high-temperature gasification process of the main bed. The bottom of the main bed is oxidizing atmosphere, and the auxiliary bed is reducing atmosphere. Therefore, the lower material returning device can realize the isolation of the oxidation zone at the bottom of the main bed and the reduction zone of the auxiliary bed, and prevent the gasification agent of the main bed from flowing back to the auxiliary bed to cause slagging.
The alkali-rich crude fuel gas generated by the auxiliary bed is introduced into the main bed through the communicating pipe, preferably, the interface of the communicating pipe and the main bed is not lower than the return port, so that the alkali-rich crude fuel gas is introduced into a reduction area but not an oxidation area of the main bed, thereby effectively avoiding the contact with the materials in a high-temperature area at the bottom of the main bed and inhibiting the low-temperature eutectic body generated by the reaction with fuel ash to cause slag bonding. Furthermore, the alkali-rich crude fuel gas is introduced into the reduction zone of the main bed, so that the alkali metal in the alkali-rich crude fuel gas can be used as a catalyst for coal coke gasification reaction, and the gasification reaction of high-temperature materials conveyed upwards from the bottom of the main bed is promoted, thereby promoting the carbon conversion and improving the fuel gasification efficiency. Furthermore, the alkali-rich crude fuel gas is introduced into the reduction zone of the main bed, so that the interaction between the high-temperature semicoke and the alkali-rich crude fuel gas can be promoted, and the cracking of tar generated by the auxiliary bed and the conversion of pyrolysis pollutants can be realized.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the main gasifying agent inlet is used for introducing the main gasifying agent into the oxidation zone, and the main gasifying agent is air or a mixed gas of oxygen and water vapor or a mixed gas of oxygen, air and water vapor.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the fuel entering the auxiliary bed is coal, and the particle size of the coal is preferably 0-40 mm. The high-alkali coal has high moisture content, poor mechanical strength and easy pulverization, and the fine particles not only can cause unsmooth feeding, but also can increase the escape of the fine particles, so that the carbon content of the fly ash is high, and the carbon conversion rate of a system and the cold coal gas efficiency are low. The high-alkali coal circulating fluidized bed gasification engineering practice proves that 0-40 mm high-alkali coal can be used as fuel, and compared with the conventional circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, the high-alkali coal circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace has the requirement that the grain size of the fuel to be fed is 0-10 mm, on one hand, the pulverization degree of the high-alkali fuel can be reduced, on the other hand, the coal preparation cost can be reduced, and the high-alkali coal circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace has higher economic benefit.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the primary bed further comprises a raw fuel gas outlet located above the reduction zone of the primary bed; the circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus further comprises: the gas-solid separator is communicated with the crude fuel gas outlet of the main bed and is used for gas-solid separation of the crude fuel gas from the main bed to obtain circulating semicoke fuel; and the upper material returning device is respectively communicated with the circulating semicoke inlet of the auxiliary bed and the gas-solid separator and is used for conveying the circulating semicoke fuel output by the gas-solid separator to the auxiliary bed. The upper material returning device is connected with the auxiliary bed to play a role in material sealing. The effective isolation of the auxiliary bed reducing atmosphere area and the main bed bottom oxidizing atmosphere area is realized, and the slag bonding caused by the direct contact of the alkali metal steam and the high-temperature material at the bottom of the main bed is avoided. The coarse fuel gas generated by the main bed is discharged from the outlet of the gas-solid separator along with the gas-phase alkali metal steam, so that the coarse fuel gas can be effectively separated from the high-temperature circulating semicoke, and the slag bonding risk caused by reentering the system is avoided.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a high alkali circulating fluidized bed gasification method using the above circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus, including: introducing the fuel and an auxiliary gasifying agent into an auxiliary bed to carry out dealkalization reaction to generate dealkalized solid fuel and alkali-rich fuel gas; introducing the dealkalized solid coal into an oxidation zone of a main bed, and carrying out gasification reaction with a main gasification agent introduced into the main bed to generate a gas-solid material; and introducing the alkali-rich fuel gas into a reduction zone of the main bed, and interacting with the gas-solid material in a reducing atmosphere to generate crude fuel gas. Introducing the high-alkali fuel and an auxiliary gasifying agent into an auxiliary bed, mixing the high-alkali fuel and the auxiliary gasifying agent with the high-temperature circulating semicoke separated by the gas-solid separator, and carrying out drying, pyrolysis, partial gasification and dealkalization reactions to generate the high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel and the alkali-enriched crude fuel gas. Conveying the high-temperature dealkalized fuel generated by the auxiliary bed to the bottom of the main bed through a lower material returning device, and carrying out gasification reaction with a main gasification agent introduced into the main bed to generate a high-temperature gas-solid material; conveying the alkali-rich crude fuel gas generated by the auxiliary bed to a material return port of the main bed and above the material return port of the main bed through a communicating pipe, and generating crude fuel gas and bottom slag by interacting with high-temperature gas-solid materials in the main bed under reducing atmosphere; the crude fuel gas generated by the main bed carries gas-phase alkali metal steam to be discharged from an outlet of the gas-solid separator, so that the crude fuel gas is effectively separated from the circulating semicoke; the bottom slag is discharged from the bottom of the main bed. The bottom slag is solid.
According to the circulating fluidized bed gasification method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the fluidization speed of the main bed is 1.5-5.5m/s, the reaction temperature is between 850 ℃ and 1200 ℃, and particularly, in the operation process of the gasification furnace, the highest temperature of the bottom of a hearth is controlled to be 50-150 ℃ lower than the softening temperature of fuel ash in a weak reducing atmosphere state, so that the overtemperature slagging of the bottom of the hearth is inhibited. The fuel ash refers to the residue left after the fuel is completely combusted and gasified.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the following specific examples are only for illustration and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
In the following, referring to fig. 1, a circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus suitable for high alkali coal is described by taking high alkali coal as fuel, which includes a main bed 10, a gas-solid separator 11, an upper material return 12, an auxiliary bed 13 and a lower material return 14.
The main bed 10 is communicated with a gas-solid separator 11, the gas-solid separator 11 is communicated with an upper material returning device 12, the upper material returning device 12 is communicated with an auxiliary bed 13, the auxiliary bed 13 is communicated with the main bed 10 through a communicating pipe, the auxiliary bed 13 is communicated with a lower material returning device 14, and the lower material returning device 14 is communicated with the main bed 10.
The auxiliary bed 13 is provided with a fuel inlet 20, an auxiliary gasifying agent inlet 21, a high-temperature circulating semicoke inlet 22, a high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel overflow port 23 and an alkali-rich crude fuel gas outlet 24.
The main bed 10 is provided with a main gasifying agent inlet 30, an alkali-rich crude fuel gas inlet 31, a main bed return port 32, a crude fuel gas outlet 33 and a bottom slag outlet 34.
The high-alkali coal enters the auxiliary bed 13 from the fuel inlet 20, the high-temperature circulating semicoke separated by the crude gas generated by the main bed 10 through the gas-solid separator 11 enters the upper return device 12 from the bottom of the gas-solid separator 11, the upper return device 12 has the function of conveying the high-temperature circulating semicoke to the auxiliary bed, the gas-solid separator 11 and the auxiliary bed 13 are effectively isolated, and the problem that the separation efficiency is reduced due to the fact that the auxiliary gasifying agent introduced from the auxiliary gasifying agent inlet 21 and the alkali-rich crude gas generated in the auxiliary bed 13 reversely flow into the gas-solid separator 11 is solved. The high-temperature circulating semicoke is conveyed to the auxiliary bed 13 through the upper material returning device 12, and moves towards the bottom of the auxiliary bed 13 together with the added high-alkali fuel under the action of gravity; an auxiliary gasifying agent inlet 21 is formed in the bottom of the auxiliary bed 13, and under the action of the auxiliary gasifying agent, the material at the bottom of the auxiliary bed 13 moves upwards and is fully mixed with the fresh high-alkali fuel for heat exchange, so that the fresh high-alkali fuel is dried, pyrolyzed, partially gasified and dealkalized in the auxiliary bed 13 to generate high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel and alkali-enriched raw gas. The flow of the auxiliary gasifying agent is regulated, the apparent velocity of the lifting gas in the auxiliary bed 13 can be regulated, and the full fluidization and dealkalization processes of the materials are ensured; moreover, the residence time can be regulated and controlled, the reaction process and the dealkalization depth of the high-alkali fuel can be effectively controlled, the dealkalized solid fuel is obtained, and the slagging tendency is reduced. The high-temperature dealkalized solid fuel generated after the reaction leaves the auxiliary bed 13 from the overflow port 23 of the auxiliary bed and enters the lower return feeder 14.
The high-temperature dealkalized solid coal generated by the auxiliary bed is introduced into the main bed 10 through the lower material returning device 14 and carries out combustion and gasification reaction with the main gasifying agent introduced through the main gasifying agent inlet 30 arranged at the bottom of the main bed 10. The lower material returning device 14 has the function of conveying the generated high-temperature dealkalized solid coal to the main bed 10, and simultaneously realizes effective isolation of the main bed 10 and the auxiliary bed 13, so that the alkali-rich crude coal gas generated by the auxiliary bed 13 is prevented from entering a high-temperature area of the main bed 10, and slag bonding caused by contact of the alkali-rich crude coal gas and the high-temperature and high-ash-concentration solid materials at the bottom of the hearth is effectively inhibited. Further, based on the material sealing effect of the materials in the lower material returning device, the lower material returning device also has the effect of preventing the main gasifying agent introduced from the bottom of the main bed 10 from reversely flowing to the auxiliary bed, so that the high-alkali coal in the auxiliary bed is efficiently dealkalized in a reducing atmosphere, and the slag bonding phenomenon in the auxiliary bed is avoided. Compared with high-alkali coal, the content of alkali metal in the high-temperature dealkalized solid coal is greatly reduced, and the slagging problem of a circulating fluidized bed gasification device is greatly inhibited, so that the continuous and stable operation of a pure-calcined high-alkali coal gasification furnace can be realized. Moreover, the superficial velocity of the lifting gas in the main bed 10 can be controlled by regulating the flow of the main gasifying agent, so that the enhanced regulation and control of the reaction process are realized, and the carbon conversion rate and the cold coal gas efficiency are improved.
The alkali-rich crude gas generated by the auxiliary bed 13 is introduced into the main bed 10 through a communicating pipe, preferably, the interface between the communicating pipe and the main bed is not lower than a return port, so that the alkali-rich crude gas is introduced into a reduction area but not an oxidation area of the main bed, thereby effectively avoiding the contact with the material at a high-temperature area at the bottom of the hearth and inhibiting the slag formation caused by the low-temperature eutectic body generated by the reaction with the coal ash. The alkali-rich crude gas generated in the auxiliary bed can be conveyed to the position of the return port of the main bed and above, so that the phenomenon that the raw gas is directly contacted with the material of the high-temperature area at the bottom of the hearth and reacts to generate low-temperature co-melt to cause slag bonding is avoided. Alkali metal in the alkali-rich raw gas can be used as a catalyst for the gasification reaction of the fuel coke, so that the gasification reaction of high-temperature materials conveyed upwards from the bottom of the main bed is promoted, the conversion rate of C in the high-alkali coal is promoted, and the gasification efficiency of the fuel is improved
In the main bed 10, the finally generated crude gas carries alkali metal vapor out of the top of the main bed 10 into the gas-solid separator 11, and the alkali metal vapor leaves the reaction system along with the gas. The bottom ash produced by the main bed 10 exits the system from the bottom of the main bed 10.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is similar to the embodiment 1, and the main difference is that the auxiliary bed 13 has a certain inclination angle. The included angle alpha between the wall surface of the auxiliary bed 13 and the horizontal plane is 45-90 degrees. The auxiliary gasifying agent is introduced into the bottom of the auxiliary bed 13 from an auxiliary gasifying agent inlet, a certain amount of pyrolysis gas and gasification gas is formed in the process of mixing and reacting with the fresh high-alkali coal and the high-temperature semicoke conveyed by the upper material returning device 12 in the process of carrying the materials at the bottom of the auxiliary bed 13 to move upwards, the speed of the middle upper part of the auxiliary bed 13 is higher than the speed of the bottom due to volume expansion, and the escape of fine particles can be increased, so that the retention time of the fresh high-alkali fuel is influenced, and the dealkalization reaction is influenced. Therefore, by providing the inclined angle to the auxiliary bed 13, the cross-sectional area of the middle upper portion of the auxiliary bed is increased, thereby reducing the fluidization velocity thereof and enhancing the dealkalization reaction of the high-alkali coal in the auxiliary bed 13.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3, another preferred embodiment of the present invention, similar to the structure of embodiment 1, is mainly different in that the auxiliary bed 13 is provided with secondary air nozzles, and the structure of the secondary air nozzles is shown in fig. 4. The included angle beta between the entrance of the secondary air gasification agent of the auxiliary bed 13 and the horizontal plane is 0-60 degrees. The introduction of secondary air will enhance the particle turbulence and reaction in the auxiliary bed 13, thereby promoting the dealkalization process.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel dealkalization apparatus, which is a bubbling fluidized bed, comprising:
a fuel inlet located at the upper part of the fuel dealkalizing device and used for delivering fuel to the fuel dealkalizing device;
an auxiliary gasifying agent inlet positioned at the lower part of the fuel dealkalizing device and used for conveying an auxiliary gasifying agent to the fuel dealkalizing device, wherein the fuel and the auxiliary gasifying agent are subjected to dealkalizing reaction under heating;
the dealkalized solid fuel overflow port is positioned at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device and is used for outputting the dealkalized solid fuel generated by the dealkalization reaction;
and the alkali-rich fuel gas outlet is positioned at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device and is used for outputting the alkali-rich fuel gas generated by the dealkalization reaction.
2. The fuel dealkalization device of claim 1, wherein the wall surface of the fuel dealkalization device forms an angle of 45-90 degrees with the horizontal plane; the middle part of the fuel dealkalizing device is also provided with a secondary air nozzle, and the included angle between the secondary air nozzle and the horizontal plane is any angle between 0 and 60 degrees; the secondary air is water vapor or oxygen-deficient water vapor; the auxiliary gasifying agent is water vapor or oxygen-deficient water vapor; the fluidization speed of the fuel dealkalization device is 0.2-1.0 m/s.
3. The fuel dealkalization apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fuel dealkalization apparatus further comprises a recycle char inlet located at an upper portion of the fuel dealkalization apparatus for delivering recycle char fuel to the fuel dealkalization apparatus.
4. A fuel dealkalization method using the fuel dealkalization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:
delivering fuel to the fuel dealkalizing device from a fuel inlet at the upper part of the fuel dealkalizing device;
conveying an auxiliary gasifying agent to the fuel dealkalizing device from an auxiliary gasifying agent inlet at the lower part of the fuel dealkalizing device, so that the fuel and the auxiliary gasifying agent are subjected to dealkalizing reaction under heating;
outputting the dealkalized solid fuel generated by the dealkalization reaction from a dealkalized solid fuel overflow port at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device;
and outputting the alkali-rich fuel gas generated by the dealkalization reaction from an alkali-rich fuel gas outlet at the upper part of the fuel dealkalization device.
5. The fuel dealkalization method according to claim 4, wherein the dealkalization reaction temperature is 500 to 900 ℃, preferably 700 to 900 ℃.
6. A circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus comprising:
the main bed comprises an oxidation area and a reduction area from bottom to top, a main gasifying agent inlet and a material returning opening are formed in the bottom of the main bed, which is positioned in the oxidation area, and an alkali-rich fuel gas inlet is formed in the main bed, which is positioned in the reduction area;
the lower material returning device is communicated with a material returning port of the main bed and is used for conveying the dealkalized solid fuel to the oxidation zone;
the auxiliary bed is a high-temperature dealkalization device as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, the overflow port of the dealkalized solid fuel of the auxiliary bed is communicated with the lower return feeder and is used for conveying the dealkalized solid fuel to the lower return feeder, and the outlet port of the alkali-rich fuel gas of the auxiliary bed is communicated with the inlet port of the alkali-rich fuel gas of the main bed and is used for conveying the alkali-rich fuel gas to the reduction zone of the main bed.
7. The circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus of claim 6, wherein the primary bed further comprises a raw fuel gas outlet located above the reduction zone of the primary bed;
the circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus further comprises:
the gas-solid separator is communicated with the crude fuel gas outlet of the main bed and is used for gas-solid separation of the crude fuel gas from the main bed to obtain circulating semicoke fuel;
and the upper material returning device is respectively communicated with the circulating semicoke inlet of the auxiliary bed and the gas-solid separator and is used for conveying the circulating semicoke fuel output by the gas-solid separator to the auxiliary bed.
8. The circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus of claim 6, wherein the primary gasification agent inlet is used for introducing a primary gasification agent into the oxidation zone, and the primary gasification agent is air, or a mixture of oxygen and water vapor, or a mixture of oxygen, air and water vapor; the fuel entering the auxiliary bed is coal, and the particle size of the coal is preferably 0-40 mm.
9. A circulating fluidized bed gasification method using the circulating fluidized bed gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, comprising:
introducing the fuel and an auxiliary gasifying agent into an auxiliary bed to carry out dealkalization reaction to generate dealkalized solid fuel and alkali-rich fuel gas;
introducing the dealkalized solid fuel into an oxidation zone of a main bed, and carrying out gasification reaction with a main gasification agent introduced into the main bed to generate a gas-solid material;
and introducing the alkali-rich fuel gas into a reduction zone of the main bed, and interacting with the gas-solid material in a reducing atmosphere to generate a crude fuel gas.
10. The circulating fluidized bed gasification process of claim 9, wherein the fluidization velocity of the main bed is 1.5-5.5m/s, the reaction temperature is between 850 ℃ and 1200 ℃, and the reaction temperature of the main bed is between 850 ℃ and 1200 ℃.
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| CN114854437A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-05 | 浙江大学 | Method and system for reducing slagging characteristics of high-sodium coal |
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