CN112851727A - Method for extracting swertiamarin - Google Patents
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- CN112851727A CN112851727A CN202110182011.6A CN202110182011A CN112851727A CN 112851727 A CN112851727 A CN 112851727A CN 202110182011 A CN202110182011 A CN 202110182011A CN 112851727 A CN112851727 A CN 112851727A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H17/00—Compounds containing heterocyclic radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H17/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
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- C07H1/08—Separation; Purification from natural products
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting swertiamarin, which comprises the steps of firstly, preparing swertia powder; secondly, taking the swertia powder, respectively and sequentially carrying out ultrasonic extraction by distilled water, high-pressure extraction by a sodium chloride solution, extraction by an ethanol solution, combining, extracting and filtering filtrate for three times, and concentrating to obtain an extracting solution; thirdly, stirring and mixing the extracting solution and the pretreated macroporous adsorption resin, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation adsorption, filtering, repeating the adsorption process until the filtrate does not contain the swertiamarin, placing the adsorbed macroporous adsorption resin in sufficient ethanol solution, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation at room temperature, filtering, distilling and concentrating the filtrate, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain a pure product of the swertiamarin; fourthly, adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the pure product of the swertiamarin, heating and ultrasonically dissolving, then adding acetone, uniformly stirring, standing, then placing in a low-temperature environment, cooling to separate out white solid, filtering, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the high-purity product of the swertiamarin. The method can fully extract the swertiamarin and has high purity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for extracting swertiamarin.
Background
The swertiamarin is a cycloolefine ether terpenoid compound separated from swertia pseudochinensis of Gentianaceae. The swertiamarin is bitter in taste and cold in nature, belongs to liver, gall and kidney channels, and has a series of pharmacological actions of resisting oxidation, resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, resisting cancer, resisting mutation, regulating immune system, reducing blood fat and cholesterol and the like, so that the method for efficiently extracting the swertiamarin has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
The invention also aims to provide an extraction method of swertiamarin, which is characterized in that swertiamarin is fully extracted by mixing and extracting swertiamarin powder by using different reagents and methods, and is adsorbed and purified by macroporous adsorption resin, and impurities in a pure product of the swertiamarin are dissolved and absorbed by acetone, so that the purity of the swertiamarin is further improved.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for extracting swertiamarin, comprising the steps of:
step one, cleaning, drying and superfine grinding a whole herb of swertia davidii to obtain swertia davidii powder;
step two, stirring and mixing 200g of swertia davidi powder with 500mL of distilled water, performing ultrasonic extraction for 15-20 min at 50-60 ℃, filtering to obtain first filter residue, stirring and mixing the first filter residue with 500mL of sodium chloride water solution, performing high-pressure extraction for 5-8 min at 50-60 ℃, filtering to obtain second filter residue, stirring and mixing the second filter residue with 500mL of 60% ethanol solution, extracting for 2-3 h at 20-30 ℃, filtering, combining the first filtrate, the second filtrate and the third filtrate, and concentrating until the solid mass fraction is 6-15%, thus obtaining an extracting solution;
step three, stirring and mixing the extracting solution and 800g of pretreated macroporous adsorption resin, performing ultrasonic oscillation adsorption for 30-50 min at 30-40 ℃, filtering, repeating the adsorption process until the filtrate does not contain the swertiamarin, placing the adsorbed macroporous adsorption resin in sufficient 75-85% ethanol solution, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 30-50 min at room temperature, filtering, distilling and concentrating the filtrate, and performing vacuum drying to obtain a pure product of the swertiamarin;
and step four, adding 15-20 times volume of absolute ethyl alcohol into the pure product of the swertiamarin, heating to 30-40 ℃, ultrasonically dissolving for 30-50 min, adding acetone, stirring for 10-15 min, uniformly mixing, standing for 20-30 min, placing at 1-3 ℃, cooling for 12-18 h to separate out white solid, filtering, washing with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the high-purity product of the swertiamarin with light white color and no pigment residue.
Preferably, in the method for extracting swertiamarin, the pretreatment mode of macroporous adsorption resin is as follows: soaking macroporous adsorbent resin with 30% ethanol solution for 24 hr to swell the resin sufficiently and remove impurities in the resin; washing the resin after full swelling with ethanol, filtering with gauze until the filtrate is white and turbid, and washing the resin with deionized water until no alcohol smell; the resin was then subjected to acid-base treatment: soaking the resin in a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 5% for 3 hours, filtering, washing with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral, soaking the resin in a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2% for 3 hours, filtering, and washing with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral.
Preferably, in the method for extracting swertiamarin, the macroporous adsorption resin is at least one of D101 resin or LSA-20 resin.
Preferably, in the method for extracting swertiamarin, the particle size of swertia powder is 80-120 microns.
Preferably, in the method for extracting swertiamarin, the concentration of the sodium chloride aqueous solution is 30-60 g/L.
Preferably, in the method for extracting swertiamarin, the solid mass fraction in the extracting solution is 8%.
Preferably, in the method for extracting swertiamarin, the swertia is any one of swertia mussotii, swertia davidi and swertia davidi.
Preferably, in the method for extracting swertiamarin, acetone with the volume equal to that of the pure product of swertiamarin is added in the step four. Acetone has certain toxicity, so too much acetone is not suitable for use, and too little acetone cannot fully dissolve impurity components.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the method can fully extract the swertiamarin in the swertia pseudochinensis and has high purity, the extraction rate is not lower than 96 percent, and the purity is not lower than 98 percent; in the method, the impurity components in the swertiamarin are dissolved by acetone, so that the impurity components do not participate in the low-temperature precipitation process of the swertiamarin, and the purity of the swertiamarin is further improved; in the method, the aggregation of the swertia powder can be effectively avoided through ultrasonic oscillation.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to specific examples, so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, disposed, detachably connected, disposed, or integrally connected and disposed. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. The terms "transverse," "longitudinal," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the indicated orientations and positional relationships to indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown, merely to facilitate description of the invention and to simplify description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
Step one, cleaning, drying and superfine grinding swertia davidi to obtain swertia davidi powder with the particle size of 120 microns;
step two, taking 200g of swertia davidii powder, stirring and mixing with 500mL of distilled water, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 20min at 50 ℃, filtering to obtain first filter residue, stirring and mixing the first filter residue with 500mL of 30g/L sodium chloride aqueous solution, carrying out high-pressure extraction for 8min at 50 ℃, filtering to obtain second filter residue, stirring and mixing the second filter residue with 500mL of 60% ethanol solution, leaching for 3h at 20 ℃, filtering, combining the first filtrate, the second filtrate and the third filtrate, and concentrating until the solid mass fraction is 15%, thus obtaining an extracting solution;
step three, stirring and mixing the extracting solution and 800g of pretreated D101 resin, performing ultrasonic oscillation adsorption for 50min at 30 ℃, filtering, repeating the adsorption process until no swertiamarin is contained in the filtrate, placing the macroporous adsorption resin subjected to adsorption in sufficient 75% ethanol solution, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 50min at room temperature, filtering, distilling and concentrating the filtrate, and performing vacuum drying to obtain a pure product of swertiamarin;
and step four, adding 20 times of absolute ethyl alcohol into the pure swertiamarin, heating to 30 ℃, ultrasonically dissolving for 50min, adding acetone with the volume equal to that of the pure swertiamarin, stirring for 10min, uniformly mixing, standing for 30min, standing at 1 ℃, cooling for 12h to separate out white solid, filtering, washing with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the high-purity swertiamarin product with light white color and no pigment residue.
Example 2
Step one, cleaning, drying and superfine grinding swertia mussotii to obtain swertia mussotii powder with the particle size of 100 microns;
step two, taking 200g of swertia davidii powder, stirring and mixing with 500mL of distilled water, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 18min at 55 ℃, filtering to obtain first filter residue, stirring and mixing the first filter residue with 500mL of 45g/L sodium chloride aqueous solution, carrying out high-pressure extraction for 6min at 55 ℃, filtering to obtain second filter residue, stirring and mixing the second filter residue with 500mL of 60% ethanol solution, leaching for 2.5h at 25 ℃, filtering, combining the first filtrate, the second filtrate and the third filtrate, and concentrating until the solid mass fraction is 8%, thus obtaining an extracting solution;
step three, stirring and mixing the extracting solution and 800g of pretreated LSA-20 resin, performing ultrasonic oscillation adsorption for 40min at 35 ℃, filtering, repeating the adsorption process until the filtrate does not contain swertiamarin, placing the macroporous adsorption resin after adsorption in sufficient 80% ethanol solution, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 40min at room temperature, filtering, distilling and concentrating the filtrate, and performing vacuum drying to obtain a pure product of the swertiamarin;
and step four, adding the pure product of the swertiamarin into 18 times of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 35 ℃, ultrasonically dissolving for 40min, adding acetone with the same volume as the pure product of the swertiamarin, stirring for 12min, uniformly mixing, standing for 25min, standing at 2 ℃, cooling for 15h to separate out white solid, filtering, washing with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the high-purity product of the swertiamarin with light white color and no pigment residue.
Example 3
Step one, cleaning, drying and superfine grinding swertia davidi var.
Step two, taking 200g of swertia davidii powder, stirring and mixing with 500mL of distilled water, carrying out ultrasonic extraction for 15min at 60 ℃, filtering to obtain first filter residue, stirring and mixing the first filter residue with 500mL of 60g/L sodium chloride aqueous solution, carrying out high-pressure extraction for 5min at 60 ℃, filtering to obtain second filter residue, stirring and mixing the second filter residue with 500mL of 60% ethanol solution, leaching for 2h at 30 ℃, filtering, combining the first filtrate, the second filtrate and the third filtrate, and concentrating until the solid mass fraction is 6% to obtain an extracting solution;
step three, stirring and mixing the extracting solution with 800g of mixed resin of the pretreated D101 resin and the LSA-20 resin, performing ultrasonic oscillation adsorption for 30min at 40 ℃, filtering, repeating the adsorption process until filtrate does not contain the swertiamarin, placing the macroporous adsorption resin after adsorption into sufficient 85% ethanol solution, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 30min at room temperature, filtering, distilling and concentrating the filtrate, and performing vacuum drying to obtain a pure product of the swertiamarin;
and step four, adding 15 times of absolute ethyl alcohol into the pure swertiamarin, heating to 40 ℃, ultrasonically dissolving for 30min, adding acetone with the same volume as that of the pure swertiamarin, stirring for 15min, uniformly mixing, standing for 20min, standing at 3 ℃, cooling for 18h to separate out white solid, filtering, washing with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the high-purity swertiamarin product with light white color and no pigment residue.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the example 2 is that no ultrasonic operation is carried out in the whole extraction process, namely:
step one, cleaning, drying and superfine grinding swertia mussotii Franch to obtain swertia mussotii Franch powder with the particle size of 80 microns;
step two, taking 200g of swertia davidii powder, stirring and mixing with 500mL of distilled water, leaching for 18min at 55 ℃, filtering to obtain first filter residue, stirring and mixing the first filter residue with 500mL of 45g/L sodium chloride aqueous solution, extracting for 6min at 55 ℃ under high pressure, filtering to obtain second filter residue, stirring and mixing the second filter residue with 500mL of 60% ethanol solution, leaching for 2.5h at 25 ℃, filtering, combining the first filtrate, the second filtrate and the third filtrate, and concentrating until the solid mass fraction is 8% to obtain an extracting solution;
step three, stirring and mixing the extracting solution and 800g of pretreated LSA-20 resin, oscillating and adsorbing for 40min at 35 ℃, filtering, repeating the adsorption process until no swertiamarin is contained in the filtrate, placing the macroporous adsorption resin after adsorption in sufficient 80% ethanol solution, oscillating for 40min at room temperature, filtering, distilling and concentrating the filtrate, and then drying in vacuum to obtain a pure product of the swertiamarin;
and step four, adding the pure product of the swertiamarin into 18 times of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating to 35 ℃, stirring and dissolving for 40min, adding acetone with the same volume as the pure product of the swertiamarin, stirring for 12min, uniformly mixing, standing for 25min, standing at the temperature of 2 ℃, cooling for 15h to separate out white solid, filtering, washing with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the high-purity product of the swertiamarin with light white color and no pigment residue.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that only ethanol is used for extraction in the step two, namely, 200g of swertia powder is taken and mixed with 500mL of 60% ethanol solution under stirring, extraction is carried out for 8h at 25 ℃, filtration is carried out, and the filtrate is concentrated until the solid mass fraction is 8%, thus obtaining the extracting solution.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that only water is used for ultrasonic extraction in the step two, namely, 200g of swertia powder is taken and mixed with 500mL of distilled water under stirring, ultrasonic extraction is carried out for 18min at 55 ℃, filtration is carried out, and the filtrate is concentrated until the solid mass fraction is 8%, so as to obtain the extracting solution.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that only sodium chloride solution is used for high-pressure extraction in the second step, namely, 200g of swertia powder is taken and mixed with 500mL of 45g/L sodium chloride aqueous solution under stirring, high-pressure extraction is carried out for 6min at 55 ℃, filtration is carried out, and the filtrate is concentrated until the solid mass fraction is 8%, so as to obtain the extracting solution.
Comparative example 5
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that no acetone refining step is added in the step four, namely, the step four, the pure product of the swertiamarin is added with 18 times of absolute ethyl alcohol, heated to 35 ℃ and ultrasonically dissolved for 40min, then placed in the environment of 2 ℃ and cooled for 15h to precipitate white solid, filtered, washed by a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and vacuum-dried to obtain the high-purity product of the swertiamarin which the color is light white and no pigment residue exists.
The pretreatment modes of the macroporous adsorption resin in the above examples and comparative examples are as follows: soaking macroporous adsorbent resin with 30% ethanol solution for 24 hr to swell the resin sufficiently and remove impurities in the resin; washing the resin after full swelling with ethanol, filtering with gauze until the filtrate is white and turbid, and washing the resin with deionized water until no alcohol smell; the resin was then subjected to acid-base treatment: soaking the resin in a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 5% for 3 hours, filtering, washing with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral, soaking the resin in a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2% for 3 hours, filtering, and washing with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral.
The high-purity swertiamarin products obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were weighed by an electronic balance, respectively, and the purity of the high-purity swertiamarin product was measured by high performance liquid chromatography and recorded in table 1.
TABLE 1 weight and purity of high-purity product of swertiamarin
| Weight g of high-purity swertiamarin | The content of swertiamarin is% | |
| Example 1 | 11.01 | 98.8 |
| Example 2 | 7.75 | 99.1 |
| Example 3 | 3.18 | 98.7 |
| Comparative example 1 | 4.15 | 87.2 |
| Comparative example 2 | 4.08 | 99.2 |
| Comparative example 3 | 5.32 | 99.1 |
| Comparative example 4 | 5.19 | 99.1 |
| Comparative example 5 | 8.89 | 86.4 |
The swertiamarin in the swertia pseudochinensis contains 5.57% of swertiamarin, the swertiamarin in the swertia pseudochinensis contains 1.62%, and the swertiamarin in the swertia pseudochinensis contains 2-4%, and the data in the table 1 are analyzed, and the swertiamarin in the swertia pseudochinensis can be fully extracted by the method disclosed by the invention through the comparison calculation of the high-purity swertiamarin weight in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-5, wherein the extraction rate is not lower than 96% and the purity is not lower than 98%;
the extraction rate of the swertiamarin in the comparative example 1 is low compared with that of the swertiamarin in the example 2, because the ultrasonic operation is not carried out in the extraction and purification processes in the comparative example 1, the ultrasonic processing in the extraction process can prevent the agglomeration of swertiamarin powder on one hand, so that each powder participates in the extraction process, and on the other hand, the damage to plant cell walls is facilitated, and effective components can escape from cells; in the purification process, the active ingredients can be separated from the macroporous adsorption resin by the aid of ultrasound, and are contacted with an ethanol solvent to be dissolved in ethanol;
the purity of the swertiamarin in the comparative example 1 is low compared with that of the swertiamarin in the example 2, because ultrasonic oscillation is not generated in the purification process, part of impurity components and the swertiamarin phase are attached and are not fully separated, and the impurity components and the swertiamarin phase are cooled together to be separated out into white solid;
compared with the swertiamarin in example 2, the extraction rate of the swertiamarin in comparative example 2 is low, because only ethanol is used for extraction in comparative example 2, the ethanol cannot fully damage plant cells, and powder agglomeration cannot fully react with the ethanol, so that the extraction of the swertiamarin by the ethanol is limited;
the extraction rate of the swertiamarin in comparative examples 3 and 4 is low compared with that in example 2, because when the swertiamarin is gradually dissolved in water or sodium chloride solution, the swertiamarin is not easy to dissolve out after the inside and outside osmotic balance of plant cells;
although the amount of the higher-purity product of the swertiamarin obtained in comparative example 5 is large compared with that of the swertiamarin obtained in example 2, the purity is low, and more impurity components are seen, because the acetone in example 2 can dissolve the impurity components in the pure product of the swertiamarin and separate the impurity components from the swertiamarin, and does not participate in the process of low-temperature precipitation of the swertiamarin.
The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the embodiments shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The method for extracting the swertiamarin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, cleaning, drying and superfine grinding a whole herb of swertia davidii to obtain swertia davidii powder;
step two, stirring and mixing 200g of swertia davidi powder with 500mL of distilled water, performing ultrasonic extraction for 15-20 min at 50-60 ℃, filtering to obtain first filter residue, stirring and mixing the first filter residue with 500mL of sodium chloride water solution, performing high-pressure extraction for 5-8 min at 50-60 ℃, filtering to obtain second filter residue, stirring and mixing the second filter residue with 500mL of 60% ethanol solution, extracting for 2-3 h at 20-30 ℃, filtering, combining the first filtrate, the second filtrate and the third filtrate, and concentrating until the solid mass fraction is 6-15%, thus obtaining an extracting solution;
step three, stirring and mixing the extracting solution and 800g of pretreated macroporous adsorption resin, performing ultrasonic oscillation adsorption for 30-50 min at 30-40 ℃, filtering, repeating the adsorption process until the filtrate does not contain the swertiamarin, placing the adsorbed macroporous adsorption resin in sufficient 75-85% ethanol solution, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 30-50 min at room temperature, filtering, distilling and concentrating the filtrate, and performing vacuum drying to obtain a pure product of the swertiamarin;
and step four, adding 15-20 times volume of absolute ethyl alcohol into the pure product of the swertiamarin, heating to 30-40 ℃, ultrasonically dissolving for 30-50 min, adding acetone, stirring for 10-15 min, uniformly mixing, standing for 20-30 min, placing at 1-3 ℃, cooling for 12-18 h to separate out white solid, filtering, washing with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in vacuum to obtain the high-purity product of the swertiamarin with light white color and no pigment residue.
2. The method for extracting swertiamarin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreatment manner of the macroporous adsorption resin is as follows: soaking macroporous adsorbent resin with 30% ethanol solution for 24 hr to swell the resin sufficiently and remove impurities in the resin; washing the resin after full swelling with ethanol, filtering with gauze until the filtrate is white and turbid, and washing the resin with deionized water until no alcohol smell; the resin was then subjected to acid-base treatment: soaking the resin in a hydrochloric acid solution with the mass fraction of 5% for 3 hours, filtering, washing with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral, soaking the resin in a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2% for 3 hours, filtering, and washing with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral.
3. The method for extracting swertiamarin according to claim 1, wherein the macroporous adsorbent resin is at least one of D101 resin or LSA-20 resin.
4. The method for extracting swertiamarin of claim 1, wherein the particle size of swertiamarin powder is 80-120 μm.
5. The method for extracting swertiamarin of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the aqueous sodium chloride solution is 30-60 g/L.
6. The method for extracting swertiamarin of claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of solids in the extract is 8%.
7. The method for extracting swertiamarin of claim 1, wherein the swertia pseudochinensis is any one of swertia mussotii, swertia davidii and swertia davidii.
8. The method for extracting swertiamarin of claim 1, wherein acetone is added in the step four in an amount equal to the volume of pure swertiamarin.
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| CN112851727B (en) | 2022-10-21 |
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