CN112850976A - Pretreatment device for capacitive desalination process - Google Patents
Pretreatment device for capacitive desalination process Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4608—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods using electrical discharges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/101—Sulfur compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/103—Arsenic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
- C02F2101/163—Nitrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/11—Turbidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/20—Total organic carbon [TOC]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
Abstract
The present specification relates to a pretreatment apparatus for a capacitive desalination process, which is capable of optimizing electrode activity in the capacitive desalination process and extending a regeneration period of an electrode by effectively removing organic substances and particulate substances using a health mask when constituting the pretreatment process of the capacitive desalination process.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a pretreatment Apparatus for a capacitive desalination process (Apparatus for pretreatment of capacitive desalination process), and more particularly, to a pretreatment Apparatus for a capacitive desalination process, which can effectively remove particulate matter, organic matter, and scale-inducing substances using a health mask to optimize electrode activity in the capacitive desalination process and extend a regeneration period of an electrode when constituting a pretreatment process of the capacitive desalination process.
[ explanations on development of national support research ]
The present study was carried out under the supervision of the korea institute of science and technology with the help of the korea ministry of environment, under the title of global top-level environmental technology development (R & D), and under the title of research subjects of electrochemical-based development of high-concentration organic substances and total nitrogen control technology (subject id: 1485016103).
The present study was carried out under the supervision of the HOIMYUNG SOLENIS, with the title of the study project being engineering core technology development (R & D) and the title of the study project being overall development of low-energy desalinated water treatment project for industrial reuse water production (subject inherent number: 1415162290), supported by the Korean department of Industrial general Committee resources.
Background
Cooling water discharged from various facilities, and discharge water discharged from environmental infrastructure such as sewage and wastewater treatment plants
Is a very stable substitute for water resource in terms of water quality and water quantity. The treated clean cooling water or discharged water can function as dilution water of rivers polluted upstream during the period of low water, can be used as high-quality industrial water, and can be supplied to urban central rivers dried due to urbanization at ecological flow.
In recent years, a capacitive desalination process has been applied to reuse cooling water or discharge water. The capacitive desalination process is a technique for treating raw water by using ion adsorption and desorption reactions of an Electric Double Layer (EDL) formed at an electrode interface, and has an advantage of not consuming a large amount of energy as compared with a reverse osmosis process. In addition, the capacitive desalination process is also attracting attention as an environmentally friendly water treatment process because adsorption and desorption are achieved by a change in the electric potential of the electrodes, and therefore, the process operation is very simple and the environmental pollutants are not discharged during the desalination process.
On the other hand, the treatment efficiency of the capacitive desalination process is affected by organic substances or particulate substances. If the raw water flowing into the capacitive desalination process contains a large amount of organic matter or particulate matter, the efficiency of the capacitive desalination process decreases. Therefore, a pretreatment step for removing organic matter and particulate matter is applied before the capacitive desalting step.
The filtration and adsorption step is applied to remove organic substances and particulate substances in the pretreatment step of the capacitive desalination step, and generally, AFM (activated filter media), which is a kind of activated glass filter, or activated carbon is used for the filtration and adsorption. That is, the organic matter and particulate matter contained in the raw water are removed by filtration and adsorption by AFM or activated carbon. In general, a column-shaped reaction vessel is filled with AFM or activated carbon and raw water is passed through the reaction vessel.
The pretreatment process of the capacitive desalination process using AFM or activated carbon as described above has a limitation in removing organic substances and particulate substances. As described above, the capacitive desalination process is a method of inducing adsorption and desorption of ions by a potential change, but since the adsorption capacity of the electrode is limited, the electrode regeneration process is required when the adsorption capacity of the electrode is saturated. The shorter the cycle of the electrode regeneration process becomes, the lower the treatment water amount and the treatment effect can be. Therefore, in order to extend the cycle of the electrode regeneration step, it is necessary to minimize ionic substances contained in raw water as much as possible by the pretreatment step, but the general pretreatment step using AFM or activated carbon has a limitation in effectively removing ionic substances contained in raw water.
In addition, although the conventional pretreatment process using AFM or activated carbon is applied to a method of packing AFM or activated carbon in one column, a phenomenon occurs in which contaminants are mainly deposited on the upper end portion of the column during operation. However, since the contaminants are concentrated only at the upper end of the column, it is difficult to efficiently remove the contaminants, and the cleaning time is also long.
Disclosure of Invention
An aspect of the present invention is made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a pretreatment apparatus for a capacitive desalination process, which can optimize electrode activity in the capacitive desalination process and prolong a regeneration period of an electrode by effectively removing organic substances and particulate substances using a health mask when constituting the pretreatment process of the capacitive desalination process.
The pretreatment apparatus for a capacitive desalination process according to an embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object is characterized in that the pretreatment apparatus for a capacitive desalination process for reducing organic matter and particulate matter comprises an active filtration tank for filtering organic matter and particulate matter contained in raw water by an active filtration material and a complex reaction tank comprising an external reaction tank having an adsorbent and an internal reaction tank having a health mask, and heavy metals and particulate matter contained in raw water having passed through the active filtration tank are removed by the adsorbent and the health mask.
The active filter tank includes an upper reaction tank and a lower reaction tank which can be combined or separated, and an active filter material filled in the upper reaction tank and the lower reaction tank, and raw water flows into the upper side of the upper reaction tank, passes through the active filter material downwards, and is discharged through the lower side of the lower reaction tank.
One side of the upper reaction tank is provided with a compressed air inlet and a pollutant discharge outlet, and when compressed air is injected into the compressed air inlet, the filtered pollutants in the upper reaction tank are discharged to the outside by the pressure of the compressed air.
The active filter medium may be AFM (activated filter medium).
The composite reaction tank includes an external reaction tank and an internal reaction tank having a sequential process continuity, the external reaction tank includes an internal reaction tank therein, the external reaction tank is filled with an adsorbent for adsorbing organic pollutants, the internal reaction tank is vertically partitioned and provided with a plurality of health masks, a treated water discharge pipe for discharging treated water is provided at an inner central portion of the internal reaction tank, and a metal cation component is present in the health masks.
The health mask is a health mask that has been used, and belongs to health masks prescribed by the korean food and drug safety department. The health mask is a health mask that has been used, and is a mask having a KF80 rating or higher among masks prescribed by the korean food and drug safety agency.
Yellow sand or dust particles are present in the health care mask, and the yellow sand or dust particles contain metal cation components.
Heavy metals contained in raw water are adsorbed to the health mask by electrostatic attraction based on the metal cation component. In addition, more than one selected from inorganic substances, suspended substances, microorganisms, and BOD contained in the raw water is reduced by the filtering action of the health mask.
The raw water having passed through the active filtration tank is supplied to the external reaction tank through a raw water inlet provided at a lower end side of the external reaction tank, the raw water having flowed into the external reaction tank moves upstream, the raw water passes through the adsorbent filled in the external reaction tank while moving upstream, organic contaminants contained in the raw water are removed by the adsorbent while passing through the adsorbent, and the raw water having passed through the adsorbent overflows at an upper end side of the external reaction tank and moves toward the internal reaction tank.
The raw water overflowing and moving to the internal reaction tank moves downstream in the internal reaction tank, and while moving downstream, the raw water passes through a health care mask arranged in a vertical direction in multiple stages in the internal reaction tank, and while passing through the health care mask, heavy metals contained in the raw water are adsorbed to the health care mask by an electrostatic attraction with metal cations present in the health care mask, and at least one selected from inorganic substances, suspended substances, microorganisms, and BOD contained in the raw water is filtered by the health care mask by a filtering action of the health care mask, and while moving downstream, the raw water in the internal reaction tank passes through the health care mask in sequence to produce treated water, and the treated water in the lower portion of the internal reaction tank is discharged upward through a treated water discharge pipe provided at the central portion of the inner side of the internal reaction tank.
The outer reaction vessel and the inner reaction vessel are arranged in a concentric circular state.
The pretreatment device for the capacitive desalination process according to one embodiment of the present invention has the following effects.
In addition to the filtering process using the active filter material and the adsorption process using the activated carbon, inorganic ionic substances, heavy metals, suspended substances, and escherichia coli can be further removed by the electrostatic attraction and the filtering action of the health mask, so that turbidity of raw water and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) can be minimized.
At the same time, the active filtration tank can be separated into an upper reaction tank and a lower reaction tank, and the contaminants in the upper reaction tank can be removed in a bound state, so that the active filtration tank can be easily cleaned.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram of a pretreatment apparatus for a capacitive desalination process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the composite reaction tank.
FIGS. 3a to 3d are SEM/EDS analysis results according to Experimental example 1.
Fig. 4a and 4b are results of turbidity and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal characteristics according to experimental example 4.
Description of the symbols
10 active filter tank 11 upper reaction tank
12 lower reaction tank 13 active filtering material
14 compressed air inlet 15 and pollutant discharge port
20: composite reaction tank 21: external reaction tank
22 internal reaction tank 23 adsorbent
24, health care mask 25, raw water inlet
26 treated water discharge pipe
Detailed Description
One embodiment of the present invention proposes a technique relating to a pretreatment step of a capacitive desalination step.
As described in "background art", in order to increase the electrode activity in the capacitive desalination step and extend the electrode regeneration cycle, it is necessary to reduce organic substances and particulate matter in raw water flowing into the capacitive desalination step, and therefore a pretreatment step is applied.
Organic matter and particulate matter that affect the capacitive desalination process are managed as Turbidity (Turbidity) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and the Turbidity and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of raw water flowing into the capacitive desalination process should be equal to or less than predetermined values. For reference, the applicant has proposed by patent application No. 2018-.
Organic matter and particulate matter in raw water managed with turbidity and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) contain various substances, particularly particulate matter, and may contain inorganic ionic substances, heavy metals, and the like. Therefore, it means that if inorganic ionic substances, heavy metals, suspended substances, escherichia coli, and the like can be further removed in addition to substances that can be removed by ordinary filtration and adsorption, turbidity of raw water and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) can be further reduced.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a technique that can effectively reduce turbidity and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of raw water by applying a process of further removing inorganic ionic substances, heavy metals, suspended substances, and escherichia coli by electrostatic attraction and filtration based on a health mask to a filtering and adsorbing process, and can expect an effect of improving electrode activity of a capacitive desalting process and extending a regeneration cycle of an electrode.
As described above, one embodiment of the present invention is a technique of introducing a health mask into a pretreatment step of a capacitive desalination step, and provides a pretreatment device suitable for use in a health mask, in which a used health mask is recovered, and an experiment for removing heavy metals and pollutants in water is performed on the health mask (see the experiment results described below).
The "health mask" used in one embodiment of the present invention may be a used health mask, or may be a mask obtained by collecting a mask discarded after the mask is worn by an individual in daily life. The "health mask" is a mask for protecting respiratory organs of a human body from yellow sand and fine dust, and may be a health mask defined in the korea food and drug safety department. In the present specification, the term "health mask" may be further limited to a mask of a grade prescribed by the korean food and drug safety agency, and may be a mask having a KF80 grade or higher.
The health mask is worn by people, so that the components harmful to human body are eliminated, and the health mask is made by spinning pure cotton and other fibers harmless to human body. Therefore, when the health mask is subjected to EDS composition analysis, the constituent components of the health mask show almost 100% of carbon (C).
On the other hand, health masks are worn to protect people from yellow sand and fine dust, and therefore, there are yellow sand and fine dust in health masks that have been used, although they vary in amount. Yellow sand is sandy soil, and therefore the constituent components of yellow sand are largely similar to those of soil. Therefore, Na, Al, Si, Pb, Cl, K, and Ca, which are components of soil, were detected from the used health masks. It is well known that motes contain soil components like yellow sand and contain Sulfates (SO) in addition to soil4 2-) Nitric acid, nitric acidSalt (NO)3 -) Carbon, etc. (refer to the report of the health environmental institute of the city of the mountain area, the report of the survey of the composition of motes (PM2.5), 193-.
As described above, the metal cation component of the health mask, such as Na, Al, Ca, K, and Pb, is present, and the metal cation component of the health mask can adsorb heavy metals in water by electrostatic attraction.
In addition, the health mask has a textile fiber shape to block the inflow of yellow sand and fine dust, and thus the health mask itself may perform a filtering function. That is, BOD, suspended matter, and escherichia coli in water can be reduced by the filtering function of the health mask.
Hereinafter, a pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a pretreatment apparatus for a capacitive desalination process according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an active filtration tank 10 and a complex reaction tank 20.
The active filter tank 10 filters organic matter and particulate matter contained in raw water by using an active filter material 13. The composite reaction tank 20 is composed of an outer reaction tank 21 and an inner reaction tank 22, and provides a mechanism for removing heavy metals and particulate matter by adsorption in the outer reaction tank 21 and by the health mask 24 in the inner reaction tank 22.
Specifically, the active filter tank 10 is composed of a cylindrical reaction tank and an active filter material 13 filled in the reaction tank. The raw water flows into the upper part of the reaction tank and passes downward, and organic substances and particulate matter in the raw water are filtered by the active filter material 13 while the raw water passes through the active filter material 13 in the reaction tank.
The reaction tank is specifically composed of an upper reaction tank 11 and a lower reaction tank 12. The upper reaction tank 11 and the lower reaction tank 12 are coupled by an optional attachment/detachment means such as a flange, and can be coupled and separated as necessary.
The reason why the reaction tank is constituted by a combination of the upper reaction tank 11 and the lower reaction tank 12 so as to be able to be coupled or separated, that is, so as to be able to be selectively coupled or separated, is as follows. When the filtering step is performed downstream using the reaction tank filled with the active filter material 13, the filtered contaminants are concentrated on the upper side of the reaction tank. This is the same as described in the "background of the invention". Even when the filtered contaminants are collected on the upper side of the reaction vessel, if the entire reaction vessel is cleaned, the filtered contaminants cannot be easily discharged and a lot of time is required for cleaning. On the contrary, when the reaction tank is constituted by a combination of the upper reaction tank 11 and the lower reaction tank 12 as in the example of the present invention, and the upper reaction tank 11 and the lower reaction tank 12 are separated at the time of cleaning and cleaning is performed with respect to the upper reaction tank 11 in which the filtered contaminants are concentrated, it is possible to not only easily discharge the filtered contaminants but also reduce the cleaning time.
Further, a compressed air inlet 14 and a pollutant discharge port 15 are provided on one side of the upper reaction tank 11. The compressed air inlet 14 and the contaminant discharge port 15 are provided to discharge filtered contaminants in the upper reaction tank 11 and to remove the filtered contaminants in the upper reaction tank 11 in a state where the upper reaction tank 11 and the lower reaction tank 12 are not separated. Specifically, when compressed air is injected through the compressed air inlet 14, the filtered contaminants in the upper reaction tank 11 can be easily discharged by the pressure of the compressed air.
By the configuration of the compressed air inlet 14 and the pollutant discharge port 15, the number of times of separation of the upper reaction tank 11 and the lower reaction tank 12 can be minimized, and the number of times of cleaning of the upper reaction tank 11 can be reduced.
On the other hand, as described above, the active filter medium 13 filled in the upper reaction tank 11 and the lower reaction tank 12 filters organic substances and particulate matter contained in the raw water, and as an example, AFM (activated filter medium) may be used as the active filter medium 13.
The raw water having passed through the active filtration tank 10 is supplied to the composite reaction tank 20, and the composite reaction tank 20 is subjected to an adsorption process using activated carbon and a pollutant removal process using a health mask 24 with respect to the raw water having passed through the active filtration tank 10.
The composite reaction tank 20 has the following configuration.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the composite reaction tank 20 has a double-layer reaction tank structure including an outer reaction tank 21 and an inner reaction tank 22. The inner reaction tank 22 is installed inside the outer reaction tank 21, and the outer reaction tank 21 and the inner reaction tank 22 may be configured in concentric circles as an example. Further, a treated water discharge pipe 26 for discharging treated water is provided at the inner center of the internal reaction tank 22.
The treatment process using the external reaction tank 21 and the treatment process using the internal reaction tank 22 are performed continuously and sequentially. The raw water having passed through the active filter tank 10 flows in through the lower end side of the external reaction tank 21 and moves upstream, and the raw water moving to the upper portion of the external reaction tank 21 overflows and moves to the internal reaction tank 22. The raw water moved to the inner reaction tank 22 moves downward, and the raw water moved to the lower portion of the inner reaction tank 22 moves upward through the treated water discharge pipe 26 provided at the center of the inner reaction tank 22 and is discharged to the outside.
The outer reaction tank 21 is filled with an adsorbent 23 for adsorbing organic substances and particulate substances, and a plurality of health masks 24 are arranged in the inner reaction tank 22 in a multistage manner with a vertical partition. As the adsorbent 23 filled in the external reaction tank 21, activated carbon can be used.
The health care mask 24 disposed in the internal reaction tank 22 at a predetermined distance in the vertical direction has a function of adsorbing and filtering inorganic substances such as heavy metals and phosphates, suspended substances, and microorganisms such as escherichia coli contained in raw water and reducing BOD in the raw water, with respect to the raw water moving downward in the internal reaction tank 22.
There are two mechanisms for reducing pollutants through the health care mask 24. One is based on the electrostatic attraction of the metal cation component present in the health mask 24, and the other is the filtering function of the health mask 24 itself. Heavy metals contained in the raw water are adsorbed to the health mask 24 by electrostatic attraction based on the metal cation component, and inorganic substances such as phosphate contained in the raw water; microorganisms such as planktonic substances and Escherichia coli; and BOD is reduced by the filtering action of the health mask 24.
The health mask 24 is a health mask that has been used, and the health mask is a mask that a person wears on a respiratory organ in order to prevent the person from being affected by yellow sand and fine dust. As an example, the health care mask may be a health care mask belonging to the definition of the korean food and drug safety department, and more specifically, may be a mask having a KF80 rating or higher defined by the korean food and drug safety department. For reference, KF80 grade refers to a mask having a dust collection efficiency of 80% or more, KF94 grade refers to a mask having a dust collection efficiency of 94% or more, and KF99 grade refers to a mask having a dust collection efficiency of 99% or more.
The health mask 24 is a used health mask, and is a mask obtained by collecting a mask discarded after the mask is worn by an individual in daily life. Since the mask 24 is worn by an individual in daily life, it contains yellow sand and fine dust. The yellow sand and the dust particles both contain soil components, and the soil components contain metal cation components such as Na, Al, Ca, K, Pb and the like. As described above, although the amount of each health mask 24 varies, the health mask 24 contains metal cation components of Na, Al, Ca, K, and Pb, and such metal cation components act to adsorb heavy metals in water by the electrostatic attraction. The presence of metal cation components such as Na, Al, Ca, K, and Pb in the health mask 24 and the ability of heavy metal adsorption based on such metal cation components are confirmed by the experimental results described later.
In view of the fact that in the known water treatment technology, carriers to which metal cations are fixed are manufactured and filled in a reaction tank to remove heavy metals in water, in one embodiment of the present invention, a metal cation component is filtered onto the health care mask 24 by a filtering action, so that it is not necessary to manufacture carriers to which metal cations are fixed as in the known technology.
The operation of the composite reaction tank 20 having the above-described structure was observed as follows.
The raw water having passed through the active filtration tank 10 is supplied to the external reaction tank 21 through a raw water inlet 25 provided at the lower end side of the external reaction tank 21. The raw water flowing into the external reaction tank 21 moves upstream, and the raw water passes through the adsorbent 23 filled in the external reaction tank 21 while moving upstream. In the process of passing through the adsorbent 23, the organic matter and the particulate matter contained in the raw water are adsorbed by the adsorbent 23. The raw water having passed through the adsorbent 23 overflows the upper end side of the outer reaction tank 21 and moves to the inner reaction tank 22 side. In order to easily overflow the inner reaction tank 22, the height of the upper end of the inner reaction tank 22 may be lower than that of the upper end of the outer reaction tank 21.
The raw water overflowing and moving into the internal reaction tank 22 moves downstream in the internal reaction tank 22. While the raw water moves downstream, the raw water passes through the health care masks 24 arranged in multiple stages in the vertical direction in the internal reaction tank 22 in order, heavy metals contained in the raw water are adsorbed to the health care masks 24 by the electrostatic attraction with metal cations present in the health care masks 24 while passing through the health care masks 24, and inorganic substances such as phosphates, suspended substances, microorganisms such as escherichia coli, and BOD contained in the raw water are filtered by the health care masks 24 by the filtering action of the health care masks 24.
The raw water in the internal reaction tank 22 passes through the health mask 24 in order to produce treated water while moving downstream, and the treated water in the lower part of the internal reaction tank 22 is discharged upward through a treated water discharge pipe 26 provided at the center inside the internal reaction tank 22.
In this manner, the pretreatment step is completed by the reaction between the active filter tank 10 and the composite reaction tank 20, and the treated water discharged through the treated water discharge pipe 26 of the composite reaction tank 20 is supplied as raw water in the capacitive desalination step.
On the other hand, the internal reaction tank 22 may be detachably designed so that the health mask 24 can be easily replaced. As an example, the inner reaction tank 22 may be constitutedInk box
The external reaction tank 21 can be optionally attached and detached.
The pretreatment device of the capacitive desalination process according to an embodiment of the present invention is described above. The present invention is described in more detail below by way of experimental examples.
< experimental example 1: SEM/EDS analysis before and after use of health mask >
The mask used for health care after 1 time in seoul high school students was recovered and used as a mask for health care to be applied to the experiment, and the mask used for health care before use of the same brand was used as a mask for health care to be applied to the experiment. The health care mask suitable for the experiment is the mask of KF80 grade and KF94 grade. SEM and EDS analyses were performed on each health mask before and after use.
Referring to fig. 3a to 3d, the EDS analysis results confirmed that the constitutional component of the mask for health care before use was 100% carbon (C), regardless of the grade. On the contrary, the health mask detects various components such as Na, Al, Si, Pb, Cl, K, Ca, etc. The components of the health mask were confirmed by SEM photograph. For reference, fig. 3a and 3b show SEM/EDS analysis results of the unused KF94 and KF80 masks, respectively, and fig. 3c and 3d show SEM/EDS analysis results of the used KF94 and KF80 masks, respectively.
< experimental example 2: arsenic removal characteristics of health masks before and after use >
An arsenic removal test in water was performed using the mask for health care prepared in experimental example 1 and an unused mask for health care. After 100mg/L of As solution was poured into a 50mL centrifuge tube (chemical tube), 0.03g of mask before and after use was cut open and reacted. The initial pH was 4.17.
As a result of the experiment, as shown in table 1, it was confirmed that the unused health care masks (new KF80, new KF94) did not have arsenic adsorbing ability. In contrast, the mask for health care (KF 94 after use) showed arsenic adsorbing ability of 2.50mg/g, and the mask for health care (KF 80 after use) showed arsenic adsorbing ability of 20.57 mg/g.
The health masks before and after use showed that the arsenic adsorption characteristics shown in table 1 were closely related to the EDS analysis results of experimental example 1. From the EDS analysis results of experimental example 1, it was confirmed that the unused mask for health care was composed of only carbon (C), and the mask for health care was confirmed to contain various components such as Na, Al, Si, Pb, Cl, K, and Ca. Among them, it is presumed that the following table 1 shows arsenic adsorption characteristics due to the electrostatic attraction between metal cation components such As Na, Al, Ca, K, and Pb and arsenic (As) in water.
On the other hand, the difference in arsenic adsorption capacity between the mask for health care (KF 94, 2.50mg/g after use) and the mask for health care (KF 80, 20.57mg/g after use) was also determined to be related to the presence or absence of the metal cation component. It was confirmed that the health mask (KF 94 after use) only contained nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) in addition to carbon (C), whereas the health mask (KF 80 after use) contained a plurality of metal cation components such as Na, Al, Ca, K, and Pb, and it was estimated that the difference in arsenic adsorption capacity occurred due to the difference in the metal cation components.
[ TABLE 1 ]
< arsenic adsorption Property of health mask before and after use >
< experimental example 3: filter characteristics of health mask >
The filtration experiment was carried out on KF80 health care mask and KF80 health care mask which were not used and which were confirmed to have the most excellent arsenic adsorption ability by experimental example 2. The raw water utilizes the supernatant of the secondary sedimentation tank of the sewage treatment plant, and the analysis items are BOD, suspended matter (SS) and total colibacillus colony number which belong to the public test standard of water pollution. After 2L of the treated water in the secondary sedimentation tank of the sewage treatment plant was taken, a filtration experiment was carried out using a KF80 health mask and an unused KF80 health mask. The cross-sectional area of the used mask was 12.6cm2。
As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the removal efficiency was improved when the health mask was applied, compared to the unused health mask, with BOD of 34.6%, suspended matter (SS) of 50%, and total escherichia coli of 93.6% (see table 2 below).
[ TABLE 2 ]
< Filtering characteristics of health mask before and after use >
| Test items | Sample classification | Result value |
| BOD(mg/L) | New KF80 | 15.9 |
| BOD(mg/L) | After-use KF80 | 10.4 |
| Suspended matter (mg/L) | New KF80 | 2.6 |
| Suspended matter (mg/L) | After-use KF80 | 1.3 |
| Total Escherichia coli group (one/mL) | New KF80 | 78 |
| Total Escherichia coli group (one/mL) | After-use KF80 | 5 |
< experimental example 4: turbidity and Total organic carbon removal characteristics of the pretreatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention >
The reaction was carried out for 7 hours in order through the active filtration tank and the complex reaction tank, with the cooling water discharged from the industrial facility as the target.
As a result of the experiment, as shown in fig. 4a, it was confirmed that the turbidity of the raw water was maintained at 1NTU or less during 7 hours of the operation. As shown in fig. 4b, it was confirmed that the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of the raw water was maintained at a low concentration of 2ppm or less.
Claims (13)
1. A pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process, characterized in that the pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process for reducing particulate matter and organic matter comprises an active filtration tank and a complex reaction tank,
the active filter tank utilizes active filter materials to filter organic matters and granular substances contained in raw water,
the composite reaction tank comprises an external reaction tank with an adsorbing material and an internal reaction tank with a health mask, and heavy metals and particulate matters contained in raw water passing through the active filtration tank are removed by the adsorbing material and the health mask.
2. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 1, wherein the active filtration tank comprises an upper reaction tank and a lower reaction tank which can be combined or separated, and an active filtration material filled in the upper reaction tank and the lower reaction tank,
raw water flows into the upper side of the upper reaction tank, passes downward through the active filter material, and is discharged through the lower side of the lower reaction tank.
3. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 2, wherein one side of the upper reaction tank is provided with a compressed air inlet and a pollutant discharge port,
when compressed air is injected into the compressed air injection port, the filtered pollutants in the upper reaction tank are discharged to the outside by the pressure of the compressed air.
4. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 1, wherein the active filter material is an AFM (active Filter media).
5. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 1, wherein the composite reaction tank comprises an outer reaction tank and an inner reaction tank having a sequential process continuity,
an inner reaction tank is provided inside the outer reaction tank,
the external reaction tank is filled with an adsorbing material for adsorbing organic pollutants, the internal reaction tank is vertically partitioned and provided with a plurality of health care masks,
a treated water discharge pipe for discharging treated water is provided at the central part of the inner side of the inner reaction tank,
a metal cation component is present in the health care mask.
6. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 1, wherein the health mask is a used health mask, and the health mask belongs to health masks prescribed by korea food and drug safety.
7. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 1, wherein the health mask is a used health mask having a KF80 rating or higher among masks prescribed by korea food and drug safety.
8. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 1, wherein yellow sand or fine dust is present in the health mask, and the yellow sand or fine dust contains a metal cation component.
9. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 1 or 5, wherein heavy metals contained in raw water are adsorbed to the health mask by electrostatic attraction based on metal cation components.
10. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 1 or 5, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic substances, suspended substances, microorganisms, and BOD contained in raw water is reduced by a filtration effect of the health mask.
11. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 5, wherein the raw water having passed through the active filtration tank is supplied to the external reaction tank through a raw water inlet provided at a lower end side of the external reaction tank, the raw water flowing into the external reaction tank moves upstream, the raw water passes through the adsorbent filled in the external reaction tank while moving upstream, and organic contaminants contained in the raw water are removed by the adsorbent during the passage through the adsorbent,
the raw water having passed through the adsorbent overflows from the upper end side of the outer reaction tank and moves to the inner reaction tank side.
12. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 11, wherein the raw water overflowing and moving into the internal reaction tank moves downstream in the internal reaction tank, and in the process of moving downstream, the raw water passes through the health care masks arranged in the internal reaction tank in a plurality of stages in a vertical direction,
in the process of passing through the health mask, heavy metals contained in the raw water are adsorbed to the health mask by electrostatic attraction with metal cations present in the health mask, at least one selected from inorganic substances, suspended substances, microorganisms, and BOD contained in the raw water is filtered by the health mask by the filtering action of the health mask,
the raw water in the internal reaction tank passes through the health mask in order to produce treated water while moving downstream, and the treated water in the lower part of the internal reaction tank is discharged upward through a treated water discharge pipe provided in the central part of the inner side of the internal reaction tank.
13. The pretreatment device for a capacitive desalination process according to claim 5, wherein the outer reaction tank and the inner reaction tank are arranged in a concentric circular state.
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