CN112841453A - Growth-promoting tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Growth-promoting tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112841453A CN112841453A CN202110092917.9A CN202110092917A CN112841453A CN 112841453 A CN112841453 A CN 112841453A CN 202110092917 A CN202110092917 A CN 202110092917A CN 112841453 A CN112841453 A CN 112841453A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- duckweed
- tilapia
- dry powder
- feed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019752 Wheat Middilings Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000050051 Chelone glabra Species 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 208000004930 Fatty Liver Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 206010019708 Hepatic steatosis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000010706 fatty liver disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000240 steatosis hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 102000038379 digestive enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108091007734 digestive enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000207929 Scutellaria Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009278 visceral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000276701 Oreochromis mossambicus Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010019842 Hepatomegaly Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009629 microbiological culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101001018064 Homo sapiens Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100033472 Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 244000038561 Modiola caroliniana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010703 Modiola caroliniana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010066207 Poultry Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000008565 Scutellaria barbata extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940036811 bone meal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002374 bone meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003908 liver function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and capable of promoting growth and a preparation method thereof, wherein the feed comprises the following components: 35-38 parts of duckweed dry powder, 4-7 parts of fish meal, 12-13 parts of corn protein powder, 0.2-0.6 part of sculellaria barbata extract, 8-10 parts of wheat middling, 6-10 parts of primary soybean meal, 6-10 parts of primary cottonseed meal, 4-6 parts of cassava, 4-8 parts of peanut kernel meal, 3-4 parts of brewer's grain, 11-13 parts of malt root, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 0.8-1.2 parts of salt and 2.5-3.5 parts of premix; the tilapia feed prepared by the invention can obviously improve the quality increase rate, the fullness, the viscera-body ratio and the specific growth rate of tilapia, promote the growth and development of tilapia fries, make the body color more bright, stabilize the liver, reduce the risk of fatty liver and realize the more efficient utilization of duckweed in the tilapia feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a growth-promoting tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Tilapia belongs to Tilapia of Tilapaceae, and is native to Africa, namely Fushou fish, Africa crucian carp, Nanyang crucian carp and the like. The feed has the advantages of high growth speed, high feeding quality, strong disease resistance and strong adaptability, is suitable for high-density intensive culture in fresh water or brackish water ponds and net cages, has delicious and tender meat quality and less thorn, and is deeply loved by consumers. With the development of tilapia aquaculture industry, the demand of tilapia feed is continuously increased, the most main protein source in aquatic animal feed is fish meal, but the yield of the feed is reduced year by year, and excessive use of the feed can cause phosphorus pollution, so that the feed is suitable for the aquaculture of tilapia. The protein source of the feed is increasingly tense, so that people pay more attention to fully improving the utilization rate of aquatic animals to various protein sources, and therefore, the finding of a protein with more guaranteed safety as a fish meal substitute is of particular significance.
The protein content of the duckweed serving as a livestock and poultry protein feed resource can be compared favorably with that of soybean, and the amino acid composition is synergistic, so that the duckweed is a very promising plant protein resource, but the duckweed serving as a protein source is compounded and applied to the process of aquatic animal seedling culture, the culture effect of the fry is greatly reduced compared with that of the duckweed, particularly for tilapia teleosts, the liver body ratio needs to be controlled to be 1-2%, and if excessive duckweed is adopted to replace a fish meal protein source, the phenomenon of liver swelling due to overweight fat metabolism of liver and pancreas of the fry is easy to occur, so the use amount of the duckweed in the tilapia teleosts is greatly limited, the duckweed feed is not beneficial to wider application in the aquaculture industry, and the shortage of the protein source in the aquatic animal feed is made up.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and capable of promoting growth and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and capable of promoting growth, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-38 parts of duckweed dry powder, 4-7 parts of fish meal, 12-13 parts of corn protein powder, 0.2-0.6 part of sculellaria barbata extract, 8-10 parts of wheat middling, 6-10 parts of primary soybean meal, 6-10 parts of primary cottonseed meal, 4-6 parts of cassava, 4-8 parts of peanut kernel meal, 3-4 parts of brewer's grain, 11-13 parts of malt root, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 0.8-1.2 parts of salt and 2.5-3.5 parts of premix. The tilapia feed prepared by the invention can obviously improve the quality increase rate, the fullness, the viscera-body ratio and the specific growth rate of tilapia, promote the growth and development of tilapia fries, make the body color more bright, stabilize the liver, reduce the risk of fatty liver and realize the more efficient utilization of duckweed in the tilapia feed.
More preferably, the weight ratio of the duckweed dry powder to the fish meal to the corn protein powder is as follows: 36.5:5.5:12.5.
More preferably, the fish meal is cp 64.5% fish meal, and the corn gluten meal is cp 60% corn gluten meal.
More preferably, the duckweed dry powder is obtained by standing and degrading cellulase liquid for more than 24 hours at 48-53 ℃ after steam explosion treatment under the pressure of 1.0-1.4 Mpa.
More preferably, the sculellaria barbata extract is obtained by reflux extraction of sculellaria barbata at 80-85 ℃ by taking an ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 85% as a solvent.
A preparation method of a growth-promoting tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder comprises the following steps:
weighing duckweed dry powder, fish meal, corn protein powder, wheat middling, primary soybean meal, primary cottonseed meal, cassava, peanut kernel meal, brewer's grains and malt roots according to formula components, mixing, carrying out superfine grinding until 95% of the mixture reaches 90-100 meshes, adding a sculellaria barbata extract, soybean oil, salt and a premix into a mixer, mixing and stirring uniformly, preparing a granulated feed with the diameter of about 2.8-3.3 mm by using a granulator, and drying to obtain the growth-promoting tilapia feed, wherein the tilapia feed is preserved in a dark place at normal temperature.
Further, the preparation method of the duckweed dry powder comprises the following steps:
(1) fishing out fresh duckweed, washing to remove impurities, filtering to remove water, and drying in a dryer at 55-65 ℃;
(2) performing steam explosion treatment on the dried duckweed at the pressure of 1.0-1.4 Mpa for 80-100 s, screening the duckweed through a 60-mesh screen, and drying to obtain pretreated duckweed powder;
(3) adding 0.35-0.45 ml of separated and purified cellulase liquid into each gram of duckweed powder, uniformly mixing, standing at 48-53 ℃ for enzymolysis for 26-30 h, and drying to obtain duckweed dry powder.
Further, the preparation method of the sculellaria barbata extract comprises the following specific steps: cleaning fresh barbat skullcap, crushing by using an ultrafine crusher, adding an ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 85% and the volume of 8-10 times of that of the crushed barbat skullcap, performing reflux extraction at 80-85 ℃ for 3-5 hours, repeating the extraction for 1-2 times, combining filtrates, concentrating and drying to obtain the barbat skullcap extract.
Further, the conditioning temperature is 90-95 ℃ during granulation, and the drying of the granulated feed is 70-80 ℃ hot air drying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the tilapia feed provided by the invention, duckweed dry powder, fish meal and corn protein powder are compounded in a certain proportion, and auxiliary materials such as soybean meal, cottonseed meal and peanut kernel meal are matched, so that the tilapia feed has more comprehensive nutrition, the mass increase rate, the fullness, the dirty body ratio and the specific growth rate of tilapia can be obviously improved, the growth and development of tilapia fries are promoted, and the body color of the fries is more bright; meanwhile, the scutellaria barbata extract with a certain proportion is added and combined with the duckweed dry powder, so that the activity of digestive enzymes in stomach, intestinal tract and liver and pancreas of tilapia can be better regulated and controlled, the secretion and activity of the digestive enzymes are promoted, the utilization rate of natural pigments of proteins, vitamins and flavonoids in the duckweed dry powder is improved, the fat metabolism rate in liver of tilapia under high-dosage duckweed is effectively ensured, the liver swelling phenomenon of a fish body is avoided, the stable development of the liver is promoted, the risk of fatty liver is reduced, the fish meal is better replaced by effectively increasing the dosage of the duckweed dry powder, the occupation ratio of the feed can reach more than 30%, and the nutrition and stability of the obtained tilapia feed meet the national standard.
In addition, the invention further adopts the combined action of physical steam explosion and deep degradation to more thoroughly degrade the duckweed, so that the crude cellulose content in the duckweed is reduced, and simultaneously, the nutrient components in the duckweed are ensured to be better combined with the sculellaria barbata extract, thereby greatly promoting the digestion and absorption of the fry, improving the digestibility of the fry on feed and fully improving the growth rate of the tilapia fry.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Examples 1 to 3
The growth-promoting tilapia feed added with the duckweed dry powder comprises the following raw material formulas in parts by weight:
wherein, the duckweed dry powder is dried at 55 ℃, is subjected to steam explosion treatment for 80s under the pressure of 1.0Mpa, is sieved, and is prepared by mixing the following components in a material-liquid ratio of 1: adding 0.35g/ml cellulase solution, standing at 48 deg.C for degradation for 26h, and drying to obtain duckweed dry powder; the cellulase liquid is produced from Aspergillus niger which is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center with the number of 3.3928.
The preparation method of the tilapia feed comprises the following steps:
weighing duckweed dry powder, fish meal, corn protein powder, wheat middling, primary soybean meal, primary cottonseed meal, cassava, peanut kernel meal, brewer's grains and malt roots according to formula components, mixing, carrying out superfine grinding until 95% of the mixture reaches 90 meshes, adding a sculellaria barbata extract, soybean oil, salt and a premix into a mixer, mixing and stirring uniformly, preparing a granulated feed with the diameter of about 2.8mm by adopting a granulator, carrying out hot air drying at the temperature of 70 ℃ when granulating, and obtaining the growth-promoting tilapia feed, wherein the dried duckweed feed is preserved in a dark place at normal temperature.
Example 4
A growth-promoting tilapia feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 36.5 parts of duckweed dry powder, 5.5 parts of fish meal cp 64.5%, 12.5 parts of corn protein powder cp 60%, 0.5 part of sculellaria barbata extract, 9 parts of wheat middling, 8 parts of primary soybean meal, 8 parts of primary cottonseed meal, 5 parts of cassava, 6 parts of peanut kernel meal, 3.5 parts of brewer's grains, 12 parts of malt roots, 4 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of salt and 3 parts of premix;
wherein, the duckweed dry powder is obtained by performing steam explosion treatment under the pressure of 1.4Mpa and standing and degrading cellulase liquid at 53 ℃ for 30 h; the cellulase liquid is produced by Aspergillus niger, which is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center, number 3.3928. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) fishing out fresh duckweed, washing to remove impurities, filtering to remove water, and drying in a dryer at 65 ℃;
(2) performing 100s steam explosion treatment on the dried duckweed under the pressure of 1.4Mpa, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, and drying to obtain pretreated duckweed powder;
(3) adding 0.45ml of separated and purified cellulase liquid into each gram of duckweed powder, uniformly mixing, standing at 53 ℃ for enzymolysis for 30 hours, and drying to obtain duckweed dry powder;
the sculellaria barbata extract is prepared by reflux-extracting sculellaria barbata with 85% ethanol solution as a solvent at 83 ℃, and specifically comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh herba Scutellariae Barbatae, pulverizing with a micronizer, adding 9 times volume of 85% ethanol solution, reflux-extracting at 83 deg.C for 4 hr, repeating for 2 times, mixing filtrates, concentrating, and drying to obtain herba Scutellariae Barbatae extract.
The tilapia feed is prepared according to the following preparation method, and comprises the following steps:
weighing duckweed dry powder, fish meal, corn protein powder, wheat middling, primary soybean meal, primary cottonseed meal, cassava, peanut kernel meal, brewer's grains and malt roots according to formula components, mixing, carrying out superfine grinding until 95% of the mixture reaches 100 meshes, adding a sculellaria barbata extract, soybean oil, salt and a premix into a mixer, mixing and stirring uniformly, preparing a granulated feed with the diameter of about 3.3mm by adopting a granulator, carrying out hot air drying at the temperature of 70 ℃ when granulating, and obtaining the growth-promoting tilapia feed, wherein the dried duckweed feed is preserved in a dark place at normal temperature.
Example 5
This example differs from example 4 in that: in the tilapia feed formula, duckweed dry powder is not pretreated. Namely, fresh duckweed is fished, impurities are washed away, water is filtered out, the duckweed is dried in a dryer at 65 ℃, and then the duckweed dry powder is obtained by mechanical crushing of a crusher.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that: in the formula of the tilapia feed, the sculellaria barbata extract is not added.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 4 in that: in the formula of the tilapia feed, the weight ratio of the duckweed dry powder to the fish meal to the corn protein powder is as follows: 36.5:2.5:11.5.
According to the tilapia feed prepared by the tilapia feed formulas and the preparation methods of the embodiments and the comparative examples, the tilapia fry breeding test is performed.
1. Experimental materials:
the used fry is purchased from a young fish farm in Qiongvillage town of Rexi, Chengmei county, Hainan province, and the average body mass of the young fish is (1.89 +/-0.15) g/tail;
2. the experimental method comprises the following steps:
the selected test pond is located in Yong Lunang village in Jones mountain area of Haikou city in Hainan province, the length is 20m multiplied by the width is 5m, the thickness of sludge at the bottom of the pond is about 30cm, the depth of the pond is 1.5m, the water depth is kept 60cm at ordinary times, and water inlet and drainage are completed by using a submersible pump; 2d before the feeding, the water in the pond is pumped out to the depth of about 30cm, and the pond is fed twice after being fed with the full food at 9-10 am and 5-6 pm during the test period. Changing water once within 2-3 days, fishing out impurities on the water surface at random, keeping the water surface clean, and changing the feeding amount in time according to the change of the physique of the tilapia.
(1) Setting 7 experimental groups, wherein each group is provided with 3 repetitions, each repetition contains 15 tails of young tilapia, and taking conventional commercially available tilapia feed (15 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of bone meal, 30 parts of bean cakes, 25 parts of wheat bran, 18 parts of bean dregs, 1 part of premix and 1 part of salt) as a control group, and respectively and periodically measuring the following growth indexes:
i, measuring and recording the initial body mass of the fish body at the 1 st d of the culture period. Stopping feeding for two days, and starting feeding the tilapia after the tilapia is adapted to the pond environment. After 60 days of feeding, stopping feeding for 24 hours, counting the tails of the tilapia on the next day and weighing the total weight. And calculating the mass increase rate and the survival rate.
And II, randomly taking 3 tilapia mossambica with the body mass close to the average body mass, placing the tilapia mossambica on an ice box, measuring the body length and the body mass of the tilapia mossambica, and calculating the specific growth rate.
And III, taking internal organs and liver and pancreas, washing with precooled 0.85% physiological saline, drying by using filter paper, weighing, and calculating the liver body ratio, the internal organ ratio and the fullness.
Mass gain rate (WGR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), liver body ratio (HSI), visceral body ratio (VSI), fullness (CF) and Survival (SR) were calculated by the following formulas.
Mass increase rate (WGR,%) - (W)t-W0)/W0×100%
Specific growth rate (SGR,%) - (ln W)t-ln W0)/t×100%
Fullness (CF, g/cm)3)=Wt/L3×100%
Liver function ratio (HSI,%) Wh/W×100%
Visceral volume ratio (VSI,%) Wv/W×100%
In the formula: wtRepresents the weight (g), W of fish terminal body0Represents the initial body mass (g) of the fish, t represents the experimental days, L represents the body length (cm) of the fish, W represents the body mass (g) of the fishhRepresenting the liver mass (g), W of the fish bodyvRepresents the visceral mass (g) of the fish body. The results are given in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the survival rate of the juvenile tilapia in examples 1 to 4 is stable, and the mass increase rate, the fullness, the visceral volume ratio, the liver volume ratio and the specific growth rate of the juvenile tilapia are significantly improved, wherein the liver of the juvenile tilapia is mauve, the liver volume ratio of the juvenile tilapia is increased and kept between 1% and 2%, which does not belong to the phenomenon of hepatomegaly, while the growth and development effect of the juvenile tilapia is reduced in example 5, the barbat skullcap extract is not added in comparative example 1, the liver volume ratio of part of the juvenile tilapia is excessively increased, and the specific growth rate of the whole juvenile tilapia is relatively reduced; the proportion of fish meal is reduced in the comparative example 2, and the growth index of juvenile tilapia is reduced, which shows that the invention adopts the duckweed dry powder to be compounded with the fish meal and the corn protein powder according to a certain proportion, so that the nutrition is more comprehensive, the quality increase rate, the fullness, the dirty body ratio and the specific growth rate of tilapia are effectively improved, the growth and development of tilapia fries are promoted, and the tilapia fries are bright in body color.
(2) Respectively measuring the influence of different feed formulas on digestive enzymes in liver and pancreas of tilapia in experimental groups 4-5 (examples 4-5) and experimental groups 6-7 (comparative examples 1-2), wherein the activities of protease, amylase and lipase are measured by adopting a kit provided by Nanjing institute of bioengineering, the reaction is carried out according to the steps of an instruction manual, a microplate reader is used for measurement, the results are shown as follows,
as can be seen from the above table, in example 4, the activity of digestive enzymes in liver and pancreas of tilapia is high, so that the fat metabolism rate in liver of tilapia with high dose of duckweed is ensured, the hepatomegaly phenomenon of fish body is avoided, the stable development of liver is promoted, and the risk of fatty liver is reduced. In the comparative example 1, the digestive enzymes in liver and pancreas of the tilapia are obviously reduced, which shows that the activity of the digestive enzymes in stomach, intestinal tract and liver and pancreas of the tilapia can be better regulated and controlled by adding the sculellaria barbata extract with a certain proportion to be combined with the duckweed dry powder, the secretion and activity of the digestive enzymes are promoted, and the utilization rate of the natural pigments such as proteins, vitamins and flavonoids in the duckweed dry powder is improved. Compared with example 4, the activity of digestive enzymes in liver and pancreas of tilapia is in a descending trend, which shows that the effective pretreatment of duckweed is beneficial to promoting the complete degradation of duckweed and ensuring the effective nutrient components of duckweed, so that the digestion and absorption of fry can be further promoted, the digestibility of the fry on feed can be improved, and the growth and development of liver of tilapia can be promoted.
(3) The invention also detects the stability, the nutritional ingredients, the microbiology and the heavy metal content of the tilapia feed formula for the experimental components, and the detection result shows that the tilapia feed formula meets the national standard, does not cause damage to fish bodies while fully meeting the nutritional requirements of tilapia, and is not easy to cause heavy metal pollution to the environment.
(4) The duckweed dry powder in example 4 and example 5 is independently sampled, and the main nutrient components of the duckweed dry powder are determined, and the determination results are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, in example 4, compared with example 5, the crude fat and crude protein content is significantly higher than that in example 5, the content of lysine and sulfur-containing amino acid is also increased, and the content of crude fiber is decreased, which indicates that the present invention uses a combination of physical steam explosion and deep degradation to more thoroughly degrade duckweed, so that the crude cellulose content in duckweed can be decreased, and simultaneously, the nutritional ingredients in duckweed can be ensured, so as to sufficiently increase the nutritional value of duckweed, and facilitate the complete digestion and absorption of feed by tilapia young fish.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and capable of promoting growth is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-38 parts of duckweed dry powder, 4-7 parts of fish meal, 12-13 parts of corn protein powder, 0.2-0.6 part of sculellaria barbata extract, 8-10 parts of wheat middling, 6-10 parts of primary soybean meal, 6-10 parts of primary cottonseed meal, 4-6 parts of cassava, 4-8 parts of peanut kernel meal, 3-4 parts of brewer's grain, 11-13 parts of malt root, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 0.8-1.2 parts of salt and 2.5-3.5 parts of premix.
2. The feed for tilapia growth promotion added with duckweed dry powder according to claim 1, wherein: the weight ratio of the duckweed dry powder to the fish meal to the corn protein powder is as follows: 36.5:5.5:12.5.
3. The feed for tilapia growth promotion added with duckweed dry powder according to claim 2, wherein: the duckweed dry powder is obtained by performing steam explosion treatment under the pressure of 1.0-1.4 Mpa and standing and degrading cellulase liquid at 48-53 ℃ for more than 24 hours.
4. The feed for tilapia growth promotion added with duckweed dry powder of claim 3, wherein: the sculellaria barbata extract is obtained by reflux extraction of sculellaria barbata at 80-85 ℃ by taking an ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 85% as a solvent.
5. A preparation method of the duckweed dry powder added growth-promoting tilapia feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
weighing duckweed dry powder, fish meal, corn protein powder, wheat middling, primary soybean meal, primary cottonseed meal, cassava, peanut kernel meal, brewer's grains and malt roots according to formula components, mixing, carrying out superfine grinding until 95% of the mixture reaches 90-100 meshes, adding a sculellaria barbata extract, soybean oil, salt and a premix into a mixer, mixing and stirring uniformly, preparing a granulated feed with the diameter of about 2.8-3.3 mm by using a granulator, and drying to obtain the growth-promoting tilapia feed, wherein the tilapia feed is preserved in a dark place at normal temperature.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the preparation method of the duckweed dry powder comprises the following steps:
(1) fishing out fresh duckweed, washing to remove impurities, filtering to remove water, and drying in a dryer at 55-65 ℃;
(2) performing steam explosion treatment on the dried duckweed at the pressure of 1.0-1.4 Mpa for 80-100 s, screening the duckweed through a 60-mesh screen, and drying to obtain pretreated duckweed powder;
(3) adding 0.35-0.45 ml of separated and purified cellulase liquid into each gram of duckweed powder, uniformly mixing, standing at 48-53 ℃ for enzymolysis for 26-30 h, and drying to obtain duckweed dry powder.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the preparation method of the sculellaria barbata extract comprises the following steps: cleaning fresh barbat skullcap, crushing by using an ultrafine crusher, adding an ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 85% and the volume of 8-10 times of that of the crushed barbat skullcap, performing reflux extraction at 80-85 ℃ for 3-5 hours, repeating the extraction for 1-2 times, combining filtrates, concentrating and drying to obtain the barbat skullcap extract.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the conditioning temperature during granulation is 90-95 ℃, and the drying of the granulated feed is 70-80 ℃ hot air drying.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110092917.9A CN112841453A (en) | 2021-01-25 | 2021-01-25 | Growth-promoting tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110092917.9A CN112841453A (en) | 2021-01-25 | 2021-01-25 | Growth-promoting tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112841453A true CN112841453A (en) | 2021-05-28 |
Family
ID=76008241
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110092917.9A Pending CN112841453A (en) | 2021-01-25 | 2021-01-25 | Growth-promoting tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN112841453A (en) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101040667A (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2007-09-26 | 广东恒兴集团有限公司 | Formulation and preparing method of float expanded feed for tilapia |
CN101756075A (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2010-06-30 | 江苏得善绿色水产股份有限公司 | Tilapia feedstuff |
CN101822329A (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2010-09-08 | 肇庆超凡生物科技有限公司 | Tilapia feed taking cotton seed meal and rapeseed meal as main protein materials |
CN103053849A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-04-24 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Compound feed for preventing fatty liver of tilapia and preparation method of feed |
CN105309834A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-02-10 | 全椒县赤镇龙虾经济专业合作社 | Waxberry slag feed for promoting fat metabolism of lobsters and preparation method thereof |
CN106335994A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-01-18 | 福建省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所 | Special aquaculture cleaning agent |
CN107048068A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | A kind of poultry feed and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-01-25 CN CN202110092917.9A patent/CN112841453A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101040667A (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2007-09-26 | 广东恒兴集团有限公司 | Formulation and preparing method of float expanded feed for tilapia |
CN101756075A (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2010-06-30 | 江苏得善绿色水产股份有限公司 | Tilapia feedstuff |
CN101822329A (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2010-09-08 | 肇庆超凡生物科技有限公司 | Tilapia feed taking cotton seed meal and rapeseed meal as main protein materials |
CN103053849A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-04-24 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | Compound feed for preventing fatty liver of tilapia and preparation method of feed |
CN105309834A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-02-10 | 全椒县赤镇龙虾经济专业合作社 | Waxberry slag feed for promoting fat metabolism of lobsters and preparation method thereof |
CN106335994A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-01-18 | 福建省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所 | Special aquaculture cleaning agent |
CN107048068A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | A kind of poultry feed and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
吴德峰,等: "中草药添加剂对生态兔生产性能和免疫功能的影响", 《中国养兔杂志》 * |
李秀梅: "鱼类脂肪肝病因及防治", 《动物科学与动物医学》 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101861954B (en) | Feed Chinese medical herb composition, feed additive, feed and preparation method | |
CN103340300A (en) | Preparation method for green ecological crucian forage | |
CN104522416B (en) | A kind of the juvenile fish pellet and preparation method of China snakehead | |
CN103598440A (en) | Grass carp feed | |
CN103636989A (en) | Green feed capable of increasing lean meat percentage of fattened pigs | |
CN103652439B (en) | The expanded buoyancy mixed feed of black carp | |
CN102406052A (en) | Anti-bacterial peptide hydrolysate of earthworm and feed comprising the same | |
CN106962681A (en) | A kind of feed of grass carp and preparation method thereof | |
CN110583862A (en) | Preparation method of broad bean water extract feed, product and application of broad bean water extract feed in embrittling fish muscles | |
CN105010801A (en) | Low fishmeal feed for final grow-out period of carassius auratus gibelio and preparation method thereof | |
CN106472368B (en) | Compound microecological preparation and carp ecological breeding method using same | |
CN103392652A (en) | Feeding method of tilapia | |
CN106962650A (en) | Fattening feed of one herd boar and preparation method thereof | |
CN106360151A (en) | Feed additive for larvae of hypophthalmichthys molitrix | |
CN116268230A (en) | Freshwater fish compound feed and preparation method thereof | |
CN108935932A (en) | Mixed feed for cray cultivation | |
CN109452498A (en) | A kind of feed promoting cray husking | |
CN112841453A (en) | Growth-promoting tilapia feed added with duckweed dry powder and preparation method thereof | |
CN115024418A (en) | Mulberry leaf feed for pigs, preparation method and application thereof | |
CN107691772A (en) | Swimming crab feed and preparation method thereof | |
CN107397075A (en) | Increase the crucian carp feed of protein content | |
CN107114607A (en) | It is a kind of to promote feed of carp growth and preparation method thereof | |
CN106983045A (en) | A kind of mixed feed raised together with for silver carp bighead, grass carp and preparation method thereof | |
Talan et al. | Biotechnological potential of the straight-wing species Acheta domesticus as raw material for the production of feed for aquaculture | |
CN106306528A (en) | Chicken feed additive capable of increasing laying rate |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210528 |
|
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |