CN112840939A - 一种晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法 - Google Patents
一种晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,包括以下步骤:(1)整形轻剪;(2)冠比供肥;(3)病虫害关键期防治;(4)花果促控;(5)防冻;(6)间作绿肥。该方法结合晚熟柑桔生长规律,明确了每月的管护内容,包括具体的农药、肥料选择和用量,本发明平衡了晚熟柑桔的生长结果规律,可显著降低化肥农药用量及用工成本,具有早结丰产性强、提质增效明显、操作简单明了等有益效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及果树栽培技术领域,具体涉及到一种晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法。
背景技术
柑桔是我国种植面积最大和总产量最高的第一大类水果,晚熟柑桔是指翌年1~6月份成熟上市的一类柑桔的总称,由于其果实要挂树越冬,故仅有四川、重庆、广西、云南等冬季无极端低温的南方地区才可不采取防寒设施进行露天种植,同时,全国晚熟柑桔在柑桔总量的比重不足10%,而11-12月份集中成熟的中熟柑桔占比却超过80%,熟期结构极不合理。此外,随着晚熟柑桔逐渐被广大消费者接受乃至追捧,其经济和销售优势也越发明显。故近年来,四川、广西、重庆等地利用气候优势竭力发展晚熟柑桔产业,取得了显著成效。
但晚熟柑桔由于其果实挂果周期长,成熟期与冬季低温相遇,不仅增加了管理成本和生产风险,在土壤养分管理、病虫害防治、整形修剪等方面也与传统中熟柑桔有明显的区别。
现有的大部分柑桔周年管理技术仅适用于中熟柑桔,围绕晚熟柑桔集成的周年管理方法较少,涉及的内容也不够全面和具体,表现为:(1)内容不够具体、操作性不强,栽培管理措施未落实在较准确的时间点上,往往囊括了某几个月的管护内容,种植户分不清先后,不容易把控技术要点;其次,肥料和农药的选择不明确,以高钾、高氮、水溶性复合肥或菊酯类杀虫剂等一大类肥料和农药来描述,未明确肥料氮磷钾具体用量及农药的种类和使用浓度,无法满足标准化生产需求;(2)技术措施不够全面,侧重在修剪、施肥、病虫害防治等三个方面,如排水及灌溉、整修道路及清淤等关键的常规管护措施未涉及;(3)技术缺乏针对性,没有针对柑桔不同生育期的病虫害发生规律,确定各时间段的主要及次要病虫害,进而确定用药时间和种类,而是使用广谱性农药统治,达不到高效防治的效果,造成了农药滥用和浪费;同时,部分晚熟柑桔果实在第二年春季成熟,现有的技术方案未兼顾农药使用的安全间隔期和春季病虫害防治的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,可以在顺应晚熟柑桔自身生长规律的基础上,利用精准用药、高效施肥、轻简管理的方式,降低生产成本,提高果实品质和产量成为晚熟柑桔产业健康可持续发展。
为达上述目的,本发明提供了一种晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)整形轻剪
4年内的幼树通过撑、拉、吊及扭梢的方法培养树冠骨架;5年以上处于盛果期或树冠高度超过2.2米的结果树,一次性疏除内膛直立大枝、病虫枝及郁闭枝组;
(2)冠比供肥
4年以内的幼树,每株施纯氮0.1kg~0.3kg,氮磷钾肥按质量比N:P2O5:K2O为1:0.3~0.5:0.5~0.7混合后施用;5年以上的结果树采取冠比供肥的方式,即单株施肥量=树冠直径(m)*系数*供肥基数;
其中,供肥基数为每产出100kg的柑桔果实所需的氮磷钾施肥量,系数为单株产量与树冠比值;
(3)病虫害关键期防治
对病虫害进行不同月份的管理和防治;
其中,3月的防治方法为:①病虫害绿色防控;②病虫害化学防控
3月上旬至花前,针对已完成采收的园子,用20%吡虫啉1000-2000倍或25%噻虫嗪1000-3000倍+24%螺螨酯4500-5500倍或20%乙螨唑4500-5500倍+45%咪鲜胺1100-1300倍或80%克菌丹900-1100倍,全园喷雾1次;
4月的防治方法为:4月中旬,用10%啶虫脒2000-3000倍或2.5%高效溴氰菊酯1000-2000倍+50%腐霉利400-600倍或40%嘧霉胺1000-2000倍全园喷雾1次,下旬使用40%辛硫磷800-1200倍地面喷雾;
10月的防治方法为:用20%乙螨唑4000-6000倍或矿物油100-300倍+40%苯甲吡唑酯2000-3000倍或50%苯甲克菌丹1000-2000倍,全园喷雾1次;
(4)花果促控
在花芽分化期,对于花量较少或长势过旺的品种,从10月下旬开始,喷1次1000mg/L的多效唑,隔10-15天左右,再喷1-2次;在柑桔第二次生理落果后,从6月下旬开始,疏除畸形果、病虫果、过密果、小次果、顶部果和外围果;同时按照叶果比确定留果数;
(5)防冻
12月上旬,采取树冠覆膜与套袋结合或仅树冠覆膜的方式进行单行、单株或双行覆膜保温,低温过后或日均温稳定在6-10℃时,将膜裙揭开,日均温稳定在10℃以上时,去掉覆盖薄膜;
(6)间作绿肥
4年以内的幼树采取树盘覆盖地布的方式,5年以上盛果期桔树采取行间间作绿肥的方式。
采用上述方案的有益效果是:首先整形轻剪对于4年内的幼树可以培养树冠骨架,削弱直立及过旺的大枝,培育中庸的结果枝组,这种免剪的方式,可以促进树冠迅速向外扩展,而5年以上的可以促进树冠通风透光;其次采用冠比供肥,结合大量的数据,可以得出系数为0.125,通过公式和经验系数,可以准确的核算肥料用量,避免过剩或亏缺;对于病虫害关键期防治,对不同的月份和不同的虫害采取不同的生物、物理及化学手段针对性防控,既有效控制虫害也相应节约农药用量;对于花果促控技术,花芽分化期可以促进花芽分化,柑桔第二次落果后可以平衡柑桔树势,合理负载;覆膜可以保温,防冬季落果,温度稳定到8℃时,可以揭膜,当温度超过10℃时,揭开膜避免灼伤伤树冠枝叶、出现大量落果、树体失水及黄化的情况;最后对4年内的幼树采取树盘覆盖,可以控草布湿,促进柑桔苗期生长,5年以上的间作绿肥,可以促进自然生草,抑制杂草、培肥土壤。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,3月的病虫害绿色防控包括以下步骤:于上旬在果园悬挂黄板和捕食螨。
采用上述方案的有益效果是:部分晚熟柑桔花果同树,春季温度回升后,早期病害开始滋生,晚熟晚采的柑桔仍未采收,为保证果品安全兼防病虫害蔓延进行绿色防控,可以防控花期红蜘蛛、蚜虫及粉虱等。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,还包括2月的防治方法:采完果后至春梢萌发前,用矿物油100-200倍或机油乳剂100-200倍+73%克螨特1000-2000倍+25%嘧菌酯1000-1500倍全园喷雾1次。
采用上述方案的有益效果是:重点防治越冬病虫害,矿物油可以通过物理封闭的作用封杀病菌孢子和害虫虫卵,完全不受温湿度影响;机油乳剂对果树上的蚜、螨类有强烈触杀作用,越冬时期可以防治各种蚧类,对柑桔还有防冻的作用,对人、畜安全,无残毒危险;克螨特具有触杀和胃毒作用、无内吸和渗透传导作用,对成螨、若螨均有效;嘧菌酯对几乎所有的真菌界(子囊菌亚门、担子菌亚门、鞭毛菌亚门和半知菌亚门)病害如白粉病、锈病、颖枯病、网斑病、霜霉病和稻瘟病等均有效。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,还包括6月的防治方法:上旬安装杀虫灯;中旬挂诱蝇球、性诱剂、糖醋液和信息素诱捕器,规格为每亩10个。
采用上述方案的有益效果是:挂诱蝇球诱捕大实蝇,挂性诱剂和糖醋液诱杀小实蝇,悬挂信息素诱捕器诱杀潜叶蛾,重点防治柑桔大小实蝇,预防潜叶蛾、锈壁虱。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,还包括7月的防治方法:用20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬乳剂2500-3500倍或22.4%螺虫乙酯3500-4500倍+40%苯醚甲环唑3500-4500倍或30%嘧菌酯1000-2000倍,全园喷雾1次。
采用上述方案的有益效果是:7月上旬,潜叶蛾开始危害秋梢,大小实蝇开始蛀果,全园喷雾1次,可以重点防治潜叶蛾、大小实蝇、介壳虫、树脂病和炭疽病。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,还包括11月的防治方法:下旬用1Be°-2Be°石硫合剂或机油乳剂100-200倍全园喷雾1次。
采用上述方案的有益效果是:重点防治红蜘蛛、炭疽病、树脂病和棒孢霉斑病。
进一步地,步骤(4)中的叶果比具体包括以下内容:夏橙与血橙为40-50:1,晚熟脐橙为50-60:1,沃柑为30:1,春见为60-70:1,晚熟柚为200-300:1。
进一步地,步骤(6)间作绿肥具体包括以下内容:在9月中旬至10月上旬,行间播种2-3kg/亩的绿肥,绿肥为三叶草、光叶紫花苕、箭筈豌豆和山黧豆中的至少一种。
采用上述方案的有益效果是:属于易于种植、成活及管理的植物,可以促进自然生草,抑制杂草、培肥土壤。
综上所述,本发明具有以下优点:
1、以撑枝、拉枝、吊枝、扭梢等方式整形为主,以疏剪直立、徒长、郁闭枝组为辅,充分利用了树体自身营养,减少了频繁修剪造成的营养浪费,实现了柑桔早结丰产;
2、冠比供肥:树冠大小通常与植株根系和结果母枝量成正相关性,结合晚熟柑桔生理需求,以树冠大小,确定肥料用量及氮磷钾比例,能较准确的核算不同果园的肥料用量,避免了按经验盲目施肥造成肥料过剩或亏缺的现状;
3、病虫害关键期综合防治:围绕晚熟柑桔病虫害发生规律,在病害早期及虫害薄弱期利用生物、物理、化学防控等手段提前针对性预防,全年相对于现有技术可节约农药用量20%-30%,减量控害效果显著;
4、利用促花技术与果量调控技术相结合,保障了第二年生产所需花量,也维持了树体平衡,缓解了柑桔的大小年结果现象;
5、树盘覆盖+天膜覆盖,控草保湿,保证了橘园保湿增熵和防冻越冬,促进了柑桔园绿色生态栽培。
附图说明
图1为晚熟柑桔周年管理图谱的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供了一种晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,即针对不同时期做出了晚熟柑桔周年管理历,具体内容如表1所述:
表1晚熟柑桔周年管理历
实施例1
一种晚熟柑桔(6年树龄的春见)优质高效的培育方法,包括以下步骤:
1.整形轻剪:在冬季1-2月份春见果实成熟采收后,针对植株郁闭、树冠内有直立徒长大枝的情况,将徒长枝组从基部一次性疏除,如树体稀疏,则保留直立枝组,用布绳套住其中部向稀疏的树冠外围拉下,培养其作为下年度的结果枝组;7月上旬针对夏梢抽发强旺的柑桔树,通过扭梢或短尖的方式控制其生长,促进抽发健壮秋梢。
2、冠比供肥:6年树龄的春见平均树冠直径达到2.2m,按冠比施肥公式计算,采取肥水一体化施肥方式,每株需施氮磷钾分别为0.33kg、0.22kg、0.28kg,按施固体肥料计,每株需施氮磷钾分别为0.37kg、0.24kg、0.32kg,分别在3月(占比20%)、6月(占比40%)、10月(占比40%)施肥。
3、病虫害关键期防治
(1)1月下旬,用矿物油150倍或机油乳剂150倍+73%克螨特1500倍+25%嘧菌酯1250倍进行春季清园,全园喷雾1次,控制越冬病虫害基数;
(2)3月上旬悬挂黄板、捕食螨;开花前,针对已完成采收的园子,用20%吡虫啉1500倍+24%螺螨酯5000倍+45%咪鲜胺1200倍,全园喷雾1次,重点防治红蜘蛛、粉虱、蚜虫、炭疽病及树脂病等花期病害;
(3)4月中旬,用10%啶虫脒2500倍+50%腐霉利500倍全园喷雾1次,重点防大(小)实蝇、花蕾蛆、蓟马、灰霉病、炭疽病及树脂病等。
(4)5-9月份,重点观察果园内大小实蝇、潜叶蛾、蚧类、红蜘蛛、锈壁虱、炭疽病及树脂病等病虫害发生情况,采取挑治的办法针对性用药,无病虫害为害的不用药;
(5)10月上旬,春见果子套袋前,用20%乙螨唑5000倍+40%苯甲吡唑酯2500倍,重点防治红蜘蛛、炭疽病、树脂病、棒孢霉斑病。
4、花果促控:春见通常花芽分化较好,一般不使用多效唑促花,针对以往长势较旺、花量较少的果园,在10月底喷1次1000mg/L的多效唑;6月底至7月上旬,春见第二次生理落果后,按叶果比65:1,疏除畸形果、病虫果、过密果、小次果、顶部果和外围果。
5、树冠覆盖防冻及地面间作绿肥活化表土:
(1)12月上旬低温寒潮来临前,采取树冠覆膜或套袋+树冠覆膜的方式进行单行、单株或双行覆膜保温,防冬季低温落果,低温过后或日均温稳定在8℃时,将膜裙揭开,日均温稳定在10℃以上时,将覆盖的薄膜去掉,以防灼伤树冠枝叶、出现大量落果和树体失水及黄化的情况。
(2)在9月中旬至10月上旬,行间播种2kg/亩的三叶草、光叶紫花苕、箭筈豌豆和山黧豆等绿肥促进自然生草,抑制杂草、培肥土壤。
本实施例春见植株长势可提前2年,产量稳定在2200kg以上,至稳过前亩产累计增加1200kg,农药用量和管护成本分别减少25%、15%,每亩节约成本500余元,春见果实品质改善显著,平均单果重增加5%,可溶性固形物提高12%,可滴定酸降低10%以上,每亩增效0.72万元以上。
实施例2
一种晚熟柑桔(7年树龄的血橙8号)优质高效的培育方法,包括以下步骤:
1.整形轻剪:在早春3月份血橙8号果子成熟采收后,针对植株郁闭、树冠内有直立徒长大枝的情况,将徒长枝组从基部一次性疏除,如树体稀疏,则保留直立枝组,用布绳套住其中部向稀疏的树冠外围拉下,培养其作为下年度的结果枝组;7月上旬针对夏梢抽发强旺的柑桔树,通过扭梢或短尖的方式控制其生长,促进抽发健壮秋梢。
2、冠比供肥:7年树龄的血橙8号平均树冠直径达到2.3m,按冠比施肥公式计算,采取肥水一体化施肥方式,每株需施氮磷钾分别为0.36kg、0.24kg、0.31kg,按施固体肥料计,每株需施氮磷钾分别为0.4kg、0.26kg、0.35kg,分别在3月(占比30%)、6月(占比40%)、10月(占比30%)施肥。
3、病虫害关键期防治
(1)1月上旬前,用机油乳剂150倍+73%克螨特1500倍+25%嘧菌酯1250倍进行春季清园,全园喷雾1次,控制越冬病虫害基数;
(2)3月上旬悬挂黄板、捕食螨,通过生物、物理的方式防控春季蚜虫、红蜘蛛,采果后,用25%噻虫嗪2000倍+20%乙螨唑5000倍+45%咪鲜胺1200倍,全园喷雾1次,重点防治红蜘蛛、粉虱、蚜虫、炭疽病及树脂病等花期病害;
(3)4月中旬,用10%啶虫脒2500倍+40%嘧霉胺1500倍全园喷雾1次,重点防大(小)实蝇、花蕾蛆、蓟马、灰霉病、炭疽病、树脂病等,下旬使用40%辛硫磷1000倍地面喷雾封杀大(小)实蝇;
(4)5-9月份,重点观察果园内大小实蝇、潜叶蛾、蚧类、红蜘蛛、锈壁虱、炭疽病及树脂病等病虫害发生情况,采取挑治的办法针对性用药,无病虫害为害的不用药;
(5)10月上旬,用20%乙螨唑5000倍+40%苯甲吡唑酯2500倍,重点防治红蜘蛛、炭疽病、树脂病及棒孢霉斑病。
4、花果促控
(1)血橙8号通常花芽分化较差,为促进花芽分化,一般在10月底喷1次1000mg/L的多效唑,隔10天左右,再喷2次;
(2)6月底至7月上旬,血橙第二次生理落果后,按叶果比40:1疏除畸形果、病虫果、过密果、小次果、顶部果和外围果。
5、树冠覆盖防冻及地面间作绿肥活化表土
(1)12月上旬低温寒潮来临前,采取套袋+树冠覆膜的方式进行单行覆膜保温,防冬季低温落果,低温过后或日均温稳定在10℃时,将膜裙揭开,日均温稳定在12℃以上时,将覆盖的薄膜去掉,以防灼伤树冠枝叶、出现大量落果、树体失水及黄化的情况。
(2)在9月中旬至10月上旬,行间播种2kg/亩的三叶草、箭筈豌豆和山黧豆等绿肥促进自然生草,抑制杂草、培肥土壤。
本实施例血橙的植株长势可提前1.5年,产量稳定在2400kg,每亩产量提高20%,农药用量和管护成本减少20%、18%,每亩节约成本600余元,血橙单果重增加7%,可溶性固形物提高10%,可滴定酸降低12%以上,每亩增效0.53万元以上。
实施例3
一种晚熟柑桔(3年树龄的不知火)优质高效的培育方法,包括下述顺序的步骤:
1.整形免剪:4年以内的幼树均只整形不动剪,即在春、夏、秋梢抽发期通过扭梢的方式将直立的或徒长的新梢扭伤,使其下垂,失去直立生长优势;对于抽枝过多,树冠过密造成郁闭的新梢,在新梢抽发初期通过抹梢的方式从基部疏除,统一节点抽枝过多的,采取“五除二、三除一”的方式保留新梢。
2、冠比供肥:3年的不知火以施氮肥为主,采取勤施、薄施的方式,结合树冠大小,每株施纯氮0.2kg~0.3kg,氮磷钾(以N、P2O5、K2O计,下同)比例约1:0.3:0.6。
3、病虫害关键期防治:11月-次年2月,进行冬春季清园,冬季采取矿物油150倍或1Be°-2Be°石硫合剂全园喷雾,春季用机油乳剂150倍+73%克螨特1500倍+25%嘧菌酯1250倍全园喷雾1次,以控制柑橘越冬虫卵及红蜘蛛等病虫害;3月-5月重点防控柑桔红蜘蛛、蚜虫、花蕾蛆及炭疽病等病虫害;6月-7月以预防柑桔蚜虫、锈壁虱、粉虱、潜叶蛾、介壳虫、树脂病及炭疽病等病虫害为主,优先采取物理生物方式防控,即在6上旬安装杀虫灯,悬挂信息素诱捕器诱杀潜叶蛾;8月~9月以预防潜叶蛾、红蜘蛛及凤蝶等为主;10月~11月重点防治柑桔红蜘蛛、凤蝶、炭疽病及树脂病。
4、花果促控:3年的不知火由于处于幼龄期,主要以扩展树冠为主,一般不让其结果。
5、地膜覆盖:3年的不知火通过树盘半覆盖或全覆盖的方式,进行地布覆盖,防治恶性杂草与幼树争肥,影响其生长。
本实施例不知火植株长势提早2年挂果,实现了幼树的早结丰产。
对比例
一种7年树龄的血橙8号的培育方法,包括以下步骤:
1、在春季柑桔萌芽时施入缓释性化肥,在晚秋施入有机肥,一年施肥2次,其中缓释性化肥包括重量份组分腐烂叶15份、鲜橘皮6份、硼砂1份、硫酸钾30份、尿素40份、五氧化二磷22份、滑石粉2份、花生麸20份、玉米芯15份和茶粕9份;
2、柑桔园里套种菠菜以及黄豆,春季时节,在柑桔果树行间种植价格较高的蔬菜以及豆科植物,进而抑制杂草生长;
3、给果子套袋,指柑桔在谢花后30天左右可套袋;袋的材质为:双层不透光浸蜡纸,双面打微孔以透气;
4、剪除大枝代替精细修剪。
采用对比例培育的血橙长势没有变化,每亩产量提高5%,单果增重1%。与实施例2比较,同时具备施肥、套袋、剪枝和间作绿肥等培育方法,但是对果树不同生理期以及时间段的培育方法没有任何区分,无法对症下药以及针对性防治病虫害,也没有进行花果促控,因此导致柑桔的产量以及品质均不稳定,也不能实现柑桔的早结丰产。而本发明对果树不同生理期以及时间段的培育方法有详细的指导和管理,利用精准用药、高效施肥、轻简管理的方式,降低生产成本,提高果实品质和产量,成为晚熟柑桔产业健康可持续发展的关键措施。
虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了详细地描述,但不应理解为对本专利的保护范围的限定。在权利要求书所描述的范围内,本领域技术人员不经创造性劳动即可作出的各种修改和变形仍属本专利的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)整形轻剪
4年内的幼树通过撑、拉、吊及扭梢培养树冠骨架;5年以上处于盛果期或树冠高度超过2.2米的结果树,一次性疏除内膛直立大枝、病虫枝及郁闭枝组;
(2)冠比供肥
经过步骤(1)处理后的4年以内的幼树,每株施纯氮0.1kg~0.3kg,氮磷钾肥按质量比N:P2O5:K2O为1:0.3~0.5:0.5~0.7混合后施用;5年以上的结果树采取冠比供肥的方式,即单株施肥量=树冠直径(m)*系数*供肥基数;
其中,供肥基数为每产出100kg的柑桔果实所需的氮磷钾施肥量,系数为单株产量与树冠比值;
(3)病虫害关键期防治
对病虫害进行不同月份的管理和防治;
其中,3月的防治方法为:①病虫害绿色防控;②病虫害化学防控;
3月上旬至开花前,针对已完成采收的园子,用20%吡虫啉1000-2000倍或25%噻虫嗪1000-3000倍+24%螺螨酯4500-5500倍或20%乙螨唑4500-5500倍+45%咪鲜胺1100-1300倍或80%克菌丹900-1100倍,全园喷雾1次;
4月的防治方法为:4月中旬,用10%啶虫脒2000-3000倍或2.5%高效溴氰菊酯1000-2000倍+50%腐霉利400-600倍或40%嘧霉胺1000-2000倍全园喷雾1次,下旬使用40%辛硫磷800-1200倍地面喷雾1次;
10月的防治方法为:用20%乙螨唑4000-6000倍或矿物油100-300倍+40%苯甲吡唑酯2000-3000倍或50%苯甲克菌丹1000-2000倍,全园喷雾1次;
(4)花果促控
在花芽分化期,对于花量较少或长势过旺的品种,从10月下旬开始,喷1次1000mg/L的多效唑,隔10-15天左右,再喷1-2次;在柑桔第二次生理落果后,从6月下旬开始,疏除畸形果、病虫果、过密果、小次果、顶部果和外围果;同时按照叶果比确定留果数;
(5)防冻
12月上旬,采取树冠覆膜与套袋结合或仅树冠覆膜的方式进行单行、单株或双行覆膜保温,低温过后或日均温稳定在6-10℃时,将膜裙揭开,日均温稳定在10℃以上时,去掉覆盖薄膜;
(6)间作绿肥
4年以内的幼树采取树盘覆盖地布,5年以上盛果期桔树采取行间间作绿肥的方式。
2.如权利要求1所述的晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,3月的病虫害绿色防控包括以下步骤:于上旬在果园悬挂黄板和捕食螨。
3.如权利要求1所述的晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,还包括2月的防治方法:采完果后至春梢萌发前,用矿物油100-200倍或机油乳剂100-200倍+73%克螨特1000-2000倍+25%嘧菌酯1000-1500倍全园喷雾1次。
4.如权利要求1所述的晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,还包括6月的防治方法:上旬安装杀虫灯;中旬挂诱蝇球、性诱剂、糖醋液和信息素诱捕器,规格为每亩10个。
5.如权利要求1所述的晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,还包括7月的防治方法:用20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬乳剂2500-3500倍或22.4%螺虫乙酯3500-4500倍+40%苯醚甲环唑3500-4500倍或30%嘧菌酯1000-2000倍,全园喷雾1次。
6.如权利要求1所述的晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,还包括11月的防治方法:下旬用1Be°-2Be°石硫合剂或机油乳剂100-200倍全园喷雾1次。
7.如权利要求1所述的晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中的叶果比具体包括以下内容:夏橙与血橙为40-50:1,晚熟脐橙为50-60:1,沃柑为30:1,春见为60-70:1,晚熟柚为200-300:1。
8.如权利要求1所述的晚熟柑桔优质高效的培育方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)间作绿肥具体包括以下内容:在9月中旬至10月上旬,行间播种2-3kg/亩的绿肥,所述绿肥为三叶草、光叶紫花苕、箭筈豌豆和山黧豆中的至少一种。
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