CN112834871B - High-voltage long-section cable insulation fault online monitoring system and method - Google Patents
High-voltage long-section cable insulation fault online monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/083—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in cables, e.g. underground
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1209—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using acoustic measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1218—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using optical methods; using charged particle, e.g. electron, beams or X-rays
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- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
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Abstract
The invention relates to an on-line monitoring system for insulation fault of a high-voltage long-section cable, which comprises: a central processing system and a plurality of distributed information integration systems; the distributed information integration system includes: the system comprises an information sensing module, a data distributed acquisition module, a data distributed storage module, a distributed processing module and an information communication module which are connected in sequence; the central processing system comprises a long-length cable central processing module and a display module. The on-line monitoring system for the insulation fault of the high-voltage long-section cable provided by the invention integrates various physical information such as ultrasonic, ultrahigh frequency, pulse current, infrared thermal image and the like, and realizes the positioning of the insulation defect. The method realizes the positioning of the fault on each insulating layer of the high-voltage large-section cable, namely radial positioning, and also realizes the positioning of the fault on the position of the large-length cable, namely axial positioning. The diagnosis system of the invention is safe and reliable, has high fault diagnosis precision and sensitivity, and is easy to implement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an on-line monitoring system and method for insulation faults of a high-voltage long-section cable, and belongs to the technical field of insulation state monitoring of high-voltage cables.
Background
At present, the economy of China is rapidly developed, the society is developing towards the modernization and intellectualization, the electricity consumption of the society is increasing day by day, and the demand on electric power energy is continuously promoted. Under such circumstances, the safety, quality and intelligence requirements of the power grid are also increasing. The power cable used for connecting various electrical devices and transmitting and distributing electric energy in the power grid has been more and more widely applied to the power grid due to the advantages of high safety, high reliability, less maintenance workload, contribution to improving the safe operation level of the power grid and the like. As the number of power cables used increases, the faults generated by the power cables also account for a certain share of grid faults.
The occurrence of an insulation failure in a cable is accompanied by a variety of physical signals including sound, heat, gas, etc. The traditional cable insulation fault diagnosis is mainly based on single signal to diagnose partial discharge, and even if multiple signals are adopted for diagnosis, the shielding effect of an armor layer in a cable structure on high-frequency signals is ignored. The current research focus on axial positioning of the cable is focused on axial positioning, but the research on the radial position of the cable where the fault occurs is lacked. In addition, with the increase of long-distance transmission cable lines, the problem of insulation fault signal attenuation of a long-distance cable is also one of factors influencing cable monitoring.
Through retrieval, the high-voltage cable partial discharge acousto-optic combined detection method and system with the application number of CN 2019103710679 integrates two non-electrical detection technologies of ultrasonic and ultraviolet sensing, but the method is small in information amount, cannot judge the fault degree, and cannot perform fault positioning. A multi-cable-section cable network partial discharge detection positioning system with the application number of CN 2018113669657 and a detection positioning method thereof detect each joint of a cable network, and obtain an energy characteristic value by adopting wavelet decomposition according to current and temperature information so as to judge a partial discharge position, but the fault positioning precision is difficult to quantify, and the distance measurement precision cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the defects of the technology are overcome, and the system and the method for monitoring the insulation fault of the high-voltage long-section cable on line are provided.
In order to solve the above technical problem, a first technical solution proposed by the present invention is: the utility model provides a big long section cable insulation fault on-line monitoring system of high pressure, includes: a central processing system and a plurality of distributed information integration systems; the distributed information integration systems are installed on the cable at intervals; the distributed information integration system includes: the system comprises an information sensing module, a data distributed acquisition module, a data distributed storage module, a distributed processing module and an information communication module which are connected in sequence; the central processing system comprises a large-length cable central processing module and a display module; the information communication module is connected with the long-section cable central processing module, and the display module is connected with the long-section cable central processing module;
the information sensing module comprises an ultrasonic sensor, an ultrahigh frequency sensor, an infrared thermal image sensor and a high-frequency current sensor;
the data distributed acquisition module is used for acquiring the insulation state information of the high-voltage cable contained in the information sensing module;
the data distributed storage module is used for storing the insulation state information of the high-voltage cable acquired by the data distributed acquisition module;
the distributed processing module is used for calculating and analyzing the high-voltage cable insulation state information stored in the data distributed storage module, judging whether a fault exists or not and calibrating the fault degree;
the information communication module transmits the calculation and analysis results of the distributed processing module to the long-length cable central processing module;
and the large-length cable central processing module judges the fault degree and the fault position according to the results processed by the distributed processing modules transmitted by the information communication module, and transmits the results to the display module.
The scheme is further improved in that: the distributed information integration system is installed at equal intervals, one set of ultrasonic sensors, one set of ultrahigh frequency sensors and one set of infrared thermal image sensors are arranged at intervals of 20 meters, and the high frequency current sensors are installed on cable ground wires.
In order to solve the above technical problem, a second technical solution proposed by the present invention is: the monitoring method of the high-voltage long-section cable insulation fault on-line monitoring system comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting an information sensing module, and acquiring an ultrasonic signal S1, an ultrahigh frequency signal S2 and an infrared signal S3;
step 2: setting first threshold values A1, A2 and A3 aiming at the ultrasonic signals, the ultrahigh frequency signals and the infrared signals collected in the step 1 respectively; if only the ultrasonic signal S1 is larger than the threshold value A1, judging that the fault occurs in an insulating layer or a shielding layer close to the wire core; if the ultrasonic signal S1 is greater than the threshold A1 and the infrared signal S3 is greater than the threshold A3, judging that the fault occurs in an insulating layer or a shielding layer close to the armor layer; if the ultrasonic signal S1 is larger than the threshold A1, the ultrahigh frequency signal S2 is larger than the threshold A2, and the infrared signal S3 is larger than the threshold A3, it is determined that the fault has progressed to the armor layer and the armor layer has been damaged.
The scheme is further improved in that: if the cable is judged to have the insulation fault in the step 2, further performing the following steps;
step a: comparing the collected high-frequency current signals S4, screening out the sensor L1 with the largest grounding current and the sensor L2 with the second largest grounding current, and then enabling the fault to occur between the L1 and the L2, wherein the position with the largest grounding high-frequency current is close to a fault point, so that the primary judgment of the fault position is realized;
step b: if the fault is judged to be only generated on the insulating layer or the shielding layer, comparing the ultrasonic signals S1 in the L1 and L2 sections, screening out the sensor Q1 which receives the ultrasonic signal at the earliest time and the sensor Q2 which receives the ultrasonic signal at the second time, wherein the fault is generated in the Q1 and Q2 sections, and according to the time difference t of receiving the two signals, the length of the fault from the Q1 sensor is 1/2 (L-t v), wherein L is the distance between the sensors Q1 and Q2, and v is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal;
step c: if the fault is judged to be only generated in the armor layer, comparing the ultrasonic signal S1 and the ultrahigh frequency signal S2 in the L1 and L2 sections, screening out a sensor Q1 which receives the ultrasonic signal earliest and a sensor Q2 which receives the ultrasonic signal second, and simultaneously screening out a sensor R1 which receives the ultrahigh frequency signal earliest and a sensor R2 which receives the ultrahigh frequency signal second, wherein the fault is generated in the Q1 and Q2 sections and the R1 and R2 sections, the time difference t1 received by the two ultrasonic sensors Q1 and Q2 and the time difference t2 received by the two ultrahigh frequency sensors R1 and R2 are respectively, the length of the fault distance Q1 from the sensor Q1 is 1/2 (L1-t 1 v 1), wherein L1 is the distance between the sensors Q1 and Q2, and v1 is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal; the length of the fault from the sensor R1 is 1/2 (L2-t 2 x v 2), where L2 is the distance between the sensors R1 and R2 and v2 is the propagation speed of the uhf signal.
A, step a: starting an information sensing module, and acquiring an ultrasonic signal S1, an ultrahigh frequency signal S2 and a high frequency current signal S4;
step b: if the cable is judged to have the insulation fault in the step 2, entering the next step;
step c: comparing the collected high-frequency current signals S4, screening out the sensor L1 with the largest grounding current and the sensor L2 with the second largest grounding current, and then enabling the fault to occur between the L1 and the L2, wherein the position with the largest grounding high-frequency current is close to a fault point, so that the primary judgment of the fault position is realized;
step d: if the fault is judged to be only generated on the insulating layer or the shielding layer in the step 2, comparing the ultrasonic wave signals S1 between the L1 interval and the L2 interval, screening out the sensor Q1 which receives the ultrasonic signal at the earliest and the sensor Q2 which receives the ultrasonic signal at the second interval, wherein the fault is generated between the Q1 interval and the Q2 interval, and according to the time difference t of receiving the two signals, the length of the fault from the Q1 sensor is 1/2 (L-t x v), wherein L is the distance between the sensors Q1 and Q2, and v is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal;
step e: if the fault is judged to be only generated in the armor layer in the step 2, comparing the ultrasonic wave signal S1 and the ultrahigh frequency signal S2 in the L1 and L2 sections, screening out the sensor Q1 which receives the ultrasonic signal earliest and the second sensor Q2 which receives the ultrasonic signal earliest, and simultaneously screening out the sensor R1 which receives the ultrahigh frequency signal earliest and the second sensor R2 which receives the ultrahigh frequency signal earliest, wherein the fault is generated in the Q1 and Q2 sections and the R1 and R2 sections, the time difference t1 received by the two ultrasonic sensors Q1 and Q2 is the time difference t2 received by the two ultrahigh frequency sensors R1 and R2, the length of the fault from the Q1 sensor is 1/2 (L1-t 1 v 1), L1 is the distance between the sensors Q1 and Q2, and v1 is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal; the length of the fault from the sensor R1 is 1/2 (L2-t 2 x v 2), where L2 is the distance between the sensors R1 and R2 and v2 is the propagation speed of the uhf signal.
The system and the method for monitoring the insulation fault of the high-voltage long-section cable on line provided by the invention are used for integrating various physical information such as ultrasonic, ultrahigh frequency, pulse current, infrared thermal images and the like to realize the positioning of the insulation fault. The method realizes the positioning of the fault on each insulating layer of the high-voltage large-section cable, namely radial positioning, and also realizes the positioning of the fault on the position of the large-length cable, namely axial positioning. The diagnosis system of the invention is safe and reliable, has high fault diagnosis precision and sensitivity, and is easy to implement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of radial positioning of insulation fault of high-voltage cable.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of axial positioning of a high-voltage cable insulation fault.
Detailed Description
Examples
When an insulation fault occurs in a high-voltage cable, signals such as ultrasonic, heat, ultrahigh frequency and high-frequency current can be emitted, the fault is often developed from an insulating layer or a shielding layer, and a discharge channel is formed in the insulating layer and the shielding layer in severe cases. The insulation fault continues to develop again, burning the armor. Because the ultrahigh frequency signal can not penetrate through the armor layer, the high frequency signal can be collected outside only after the armor layer is damaged. In addition, when the insulation fault develops to be close to the armor layer or the armor layer is damaged, the temperature of infrared thermal imaging has better sensitivity. Based on the theory, the invention provides a high-voltage long-section cable insulation fault on-line monitoring system and method.
The insulation fault on-line monitoring system for the high-voltage long-section cable in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes: the system comprises a plurality of distributed information integration systems M and a central processing system N, wherein the distributed information integration systems M are installed at equal intervals; the distributed information integration system A comprises an information sensing module 1, a data distributed acquisition module 2, a data distributed storage module 3, a distributed processing module 4 and an information communication module 5; the central processing system B comprises a large-length cable central processing module 6 and a display module 7; the information sensing module 1 is connected with the data distributed acquisition module 2, the data distributed acquisition module 2 is connected with the data distributed storage module 3, the data distributed storage module 3 is connected with the distributed processing module 4, the distributed processing module 4 is connected with the information communication module 5, the information communication module 5 is connected with the long-length cable central processing module 6, and the display module 7 is connected with the long-length cable central processing module 6.
The information sensing module 1 comprises an ultrasonic sensor 1A, an ultrahigh frequency sensor 1B, an infrared thermal image sensor 1C and a high frequency current sensor 1D, and distributed sensing of insulation state information of the long and large-section cable is achieved;
the data distributed acquisition module 2 is used for acquiring the insulation state information of the high-voltage cable contained in the information sensing module 1;
the data distributed storage module 3 stores the high-voltage cable insulation state information acquired by the data distributed acquisition module 2;
the distributed processing module 4 calculates and analyzes the high-voltage cable insulation state information stored in the data distributed storage module 3, judges whether a fault exists and calibrates the fault degree;
the information communication module 5 transmits the results calculated and analyzed by the distributed processing module 4 to the central processing module 6 of the long-length cable;
the central processing module 6 of the long-section cable judges the fault degree and the fault position according to the results processed by the distributed processing modules 4 transmitted by the information communication module 5, and transmits the results to the display module 7.
The distributed information integration system M is installed at equal intervals, the attenuation characteristic of cable insulation state information in propagation is considered, the ultrasonic sensor 1A, the ultrahigh frequency sensor 1B and the infrared thermal image sensor 1C are arranged in a set at intervals of 20 meters, and the high frequency current sensor 1D is installed on a cable grounding wire.
Multiple physical information such as ultrasonic, ultrahigh frequency, pulse current and infrared thermal image are fused to realize the positioning of the insulation defect, and the positioning comprises two meanings: firstly, the positioning, namely radial positioning, of the fault on each insulating layer of the high-voltage large-section cable is realized; the other is to realize the positioning of the fault on the position of the long-length cable, namely axial positioning.
The method is characterized in that the high-voltage large-section cable insulation layer is positioned, namely radially positioned, based on 3 physical information of ultrasound, ultrahigh frequency and infrared thermal imagery, and the specific scheme is as follows:
step 1: starting the information sensing module 1, and acquiring an ultrasonic signal S1, an ultrahigh frequency signal S2 and an infrared signal S3;
step 2: setting first threshold values A1, A2 and A3 aiming at the signals collected in the step 3 in the step 1 respectively; if only the ultrasonic signal S1 is larger than the threshold value A1, judging that the fault occurs in an insulating layer or a shielding layer close to the wire core; if the ultrasonic signal S1 is greater than the threshold A1 and the infrared signal S3 is greater than the threshold A3, judging that the fault occurs in an insulating layer or a shielding layer close to the armor layer; if the ultrasonic signal S1 is greater than the threshold A1, the ultrahigh frequency signal S2 is greater than the threshold A2, and the infrared signal S3 is greater than the threshold A3, it is determined that a fault has developed to the armor and the armor has been damaged.
Based on 3 physical information of ultrasound, ultrahigh frequency and high frequency current, the method realizes the positioning, namely the axial positioning, of the fault on the position of the long-section cable, and the specific scheme is as follows:
step a: starting the information sensing module 1, and acquiring an ultrasonic signal S1, an ultrahigh frequency signal S2 and a high frequency current signal S4;
step b: if the cable is judged to have the insulation fault in the step 2, entering the next step;
step c: comparing the acquired high-frequency current signals S4, screening out a sensor L1 with the largest grounding current and a sensor L2 with the second largest grounding current, and realizing the preliminary judgment of the fault position, wherein the fault occurs between the L1 and the L2 and is close to the fault point near the position with the largest grounding high-frequency current;
step d: if it is determined in the step 2 that the fault occurs only in the insulating layer or the shielding layer, the ultrasonic signal S1 in the L1 and L2 sections is compared, and the sensor Q1 which receives the ultrasonic signal at the earliest time and the sensor Q2 which receives the ultrasonic signal at the second time are screened, so that the fault occurs in the Q1 and Q2 sections, and the length from the sensor Q1 to the fault is 1/2L-t × v according to the time difference t between the two signals, where L is the distance between the sensors Q1 and Q2, and v is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal.
Step e: if the fault is only determined to occur in the armor layer in the step 2, comparing the ultrasonic signal S1 and the ultrahigh frequency signal S2 in the L1 and L2 sections, screening out the sensor Q1 which receives the ultrasonic signal earliest and the sensor Q2 which receives the ultrasonic signal second, screening out the sensor R1 which receives the ultrahigh frequency signal earliest and the sensor R2 which receives the ultrahigh frequency signal second, wherein the fault occurs in the Q1 and Q2 sections and the R1 and R2 sections, the time difference t1 received by the two ultrasonic sensors Q1 and Q2 and the time difference t2 received by the two ultrahigh frequency sensors R1 and R2, the length of the fault from the Q1 sensor is 1/2L1-t1 x v1, L1 is the distance between the sensors Q1 and Q2, and v1 is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal; the length of the fault from the sensor R1 is 1/2L2-t2 v2, wherein L2 is the distance between the sensors R1 and R2, and v2 is the propagation speed of the ultrahigh frequency signal.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A monitoring method of a high-voltage long-section cable insulation fault on-line monitoring system is characterized in that the high-voltage long-section cable insulation fault on-line monitoring system comprises the following steps: a central processing system and a plurality of distributed information integration systems; the distributed information integration systems are installed on the cable at intervals; the distributed information integration system includes: the system comprises an information sensing module, a data distributed acquisition module, a data distributed storage module, a distributed processing module and an information communication module which are connected in sequence; the central processing system comprises a large-length cable central processing module and a display module; the information communication module is connected with the long-section cable central processing module, and the display module is connected with the long-section cable central processing module;
the information sensing module comprises an ultrasonic sensor, an ultrahigh frequency sensor, an infrared thermal image sensor and a high-frequency current sensor;
the data distributed acquisition module is used for acquiring the insulation state information of the high-voltage cable contained in the information sensing module;
the data distributed storage module is used for storing the high-voltage cable insulation state information acquired by the data distributed acquisition module;
the distributed processing module is used for calculating and analyzing the high-voltage cable insulation state information stored in the data distributed storage module, judging whether a fault exists or not and calibrating the fault degree;
the information communication module transmits the calculation and analysis results of the distributed processing module to the long-section cable central processing module;
the large-length cable central processing module judges the fault degree and the fault position according to the results processed by the distributed processing modules transmitted by the information communication module and transmits the results to the display module;
the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
step 1: starting an information sensing module, and acquiring an ultrasonic signal S1, an ultrahigh frequency signal S2 and an infrared signal S3;
step 2: setting first threshold values A1, A2 and A3 respectively for the ultrasonic signals, the ultrahigh frequency signals and the infrared signals collected in the step 1; if only the ultrasonic signal S1 is larger than the threshold value A1, judging that the fault occurs in an insulating layer or a shielding layer close to the wire core; if the ultrasonic signal S1 is greater than the threshold A1 and the infrared signal S3 is greater than the threshold A3, judging that the fault occurs in an insulating layer or a shielding layer close to the armor layer; if the ultrasonic signal S1 is greater than the threshold A1, the ultrahigh frequency signal S2 is greater than the threshold A2, and the infrared signal S3 is greater than the threshold A3, it is determined that a fault has developed to the armor and the armor has been damaged.
2. The monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: if the cable is judged to have the insulation fault in the step 2, further performing the following steps;
step a: comparing the collected high-frequency current signals S4, screening out the sensor L1 with the largest grounding current and the sensor L2 with the second largest grounding current, and then enabling the fault to occur between the L1 and the L2, wherein the position with the largest grounding high-frequency current is close to a fault point, so that the primary judgment of the fault position is realized;
step b: if the fault is judged to be only generated on the insulating layer or the shielding layer, comparing the ultrasonic wave signals S1 between the L1 interval and the L2 interval, screening out the sensor Q1 which receives the ultrasonic signal at the earliest and the sensor Q2 which receives the ultrasonic signal at the second interval, wherein the fault is generated between the Q1 interval and the Q2 interval, and according to the time difference t of the two signals, the length of the fault from the Q1 sensor is 1/2 (L-t v), wherein L is the distance between the sensors Q1 and Q2, and v is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal;
step c: if the fault is judged to be only generated in the armor layer, comparing the ultrasonic signal S1 and the ultrahigh frequency signal S2 in the L1 and L2 sections, screening out a sensor Q1 which receives the ultrasonic signal earliest and a sensor Q2 which receives the ultrasonic signal second, and simultaneously screening out a sensor R1 which receives the ultrahigh frequency signal earliest and a sensor R2 which receives the ultrahigh frequency signal second, wherein the fault is generated in the Q1 and Q2 sections and the R1 and R2 sections, the time difference t1 received by the two ultrasonic sensors Q1 and Q2 and the time difference t2 received by the two ultrahigh frequency sensors R1 and R2 are respectively, the length of the fault distance Q1 from the sensor Q1 is 1/2 (L1-t 1 v 1), wherein L1 is the distance between the sensors Q1 and Q2, and v1 is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic signal; the length of the fault from the sensor R1 is 1/2 (L2-t 2 v 2), wherein L2 is the distance between the sensors R1 and R2, and v2 is the propagation speed of the ultrahigh frequency signal.
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