CN112834199B - Pneumatic regulation automobile engine hood endurance test device - Google Patents
Pneumatic regulation automobile engine hood endurance test device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112834199B CN112834199B CN202110254418.5A CN202110254418A CN112834199B CN 112834199 B CN112834199 B CN 112834199B CN 202110254418 A CN202110254418 A CN 202110254418A CN 112834199 B CN112834199 B CN 112834199B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- actuator
- automobile engine
- hinge
- engine hood
- endurance test
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a pneumatic regulation automobile engine hood endurance test device, which comprises: the bed frame, the symmetry is installed in two spinal branch posts of bed frame both sides, the top of two spinal branch posts is passed through the crossbeam and is connected, the installation treats experimental automobile engine cover between two spinal branch posts, be provided with rotary assembly on the every spinal branch post respectively, every rotary assembly installs the pendulum rod forward, the horizontal pole is installed along horizontal in the place ahead of treating experimental automobile engine cover to the front end of two pendulum rods, pneumatic adjustment automobile engine cover endurance test device is still including installing first actuator and the second actuator on the pillar, first actuator is used for adjusting rotary assembly so that rotary assembly's axle center and the hinge axle center of treating experimental engine cover are located the coplanar, the second actuator is used for adjusting the horizontal pole so that the horizontal pole is located the engine cover of treating experimental slight opening intermediate position. Compared with the prior art, the automobile engine hood endurance test device reduces the labor intensity of the automobile engine hood endurance test and improves the working efficiency of the automobile engine hood endurance test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile engine hood endurance tests, in particular to a pneumatically-adjusted automobile engine hood endurance test device.
Background
In the automobile test technical field, the existing automobile engine hood endurance test technology is adjusted and installed in a manual mode, the labor intensity is high, and the working efficiency of rack debugging and installation is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a device for pneumatically adjusting the endurance test of an automobile engine hood, which aims to reduce the labor intensity of the endurance test of the automobile engine hood and improve the working efficiency of the endurance test of the automobile engine hood.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pneumatically-adjusted automobile hood durability test apparatus, comprising: bed frame, symmetry install in two spinal branch posts of bed frame both sides, the top of two spinal branch posts is passed through the crossbeam and is connected, the installation is treated experimental automobile engine cover between two spinal branch posts, is provided with rotary assembly on the every spinal branch post respectively, and every rotary assembly installs the pendulum rod forward, the front end of two pendulum rods in the horizontal installation of the place ahead of treating experimental automobile engine cover is followed, pneumatic adjustment automobile engine cover endurance test device still including install in first actuator and second actuator on the pillar, first actuator is used for adjusting rotary assembly so that rotary assembly's axle center with the hinge axle center of treating experimental engine cover is located the coplanar, the second actuator is used for adjusting the horizontal pole so that the horizontal pole is located treat experimental engine cover and open the intermediate position a little.
According to a further technical scheme, a first support, a first sliding rod, a first hinge and a second hinge are mounted on the support, the rotating assembly is mounted on the first sliding rod through a first sliding block, the upper end of the first actuator is connected with the first support through the first hinge, and the lower end of the first actuator is connected with the rotating assembly through the second hinge.
According to a further technical scheme, a second support, a third support, a second sliding rod, a third hinge and a fourth hinge are mounted on the supporting column, the second support is mounted on the upright column through a second sliding block, the upper end of the second actuator is connected with the third support through the fourth hinge, and the lower end of the second actuator is connected with the second support through the third hinge.
According to a further technical scheme, the swing rod type electric vehicle further comprises a third actuator, a fifth hinge and a sixth hinge, wherein the upper end of the third actuator is connected with the swing rod through the fifth hinge, and the lower end of the third actuator is connected with the second support through the sixth hinge.
According to a further technical scheme, a third sliding rod and a fourth actuator are arranged at the front end of the oscillating rod, the cross rod is mounted on the third sliding rod through a third sliding block, and the rod end of the fourth actuator is connected with the cross rod.
The pneumatically-adjusted automobile engine hood endurance test device has the beneficial effects that: through the technical scheme, the invention comprises the following steps: the device for testing the durability of the pneumatic adjusting automobile engine cover further comprises a first actuator and a second actuator, wherein the first actuator is arranged on the pillars, the first actuator is used for adjusting the rotary assembly so that the axis of the rotary assembly and the axis of a hinge of the automobile engine cover to be tested are positioned on the same plane, the second actuator is used for adjusting the cross rod so that the cross rod is positioned in the middle position of the slight opening of the automobile engine cover to be tested, and the labor intensity of the durability test of the automobile engine cover is reduced, the working efficiency of the endurance test of the automobile engine hood is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus for testing the durability of a pneumatically-adjusted automobile hood according to the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
the engine hood comprises a base frame 1, a strut 2, an engine hood 3, a rotating assembly 4, a swing rod 5, a cross rod 6, a first actuator 7, a second actuator 8, a first support 9, a first sliding rod 10, a first hinge 11, a second hinge 12, a second support 13, a third support 14, a second sliding rod 15, a third hinge 16, a fourth hinge 17, a third actuator 18, a fifth hinge 19, a sixth hinge 20, a third sliding rod 21, a fourth actuator 22, a third sliding block 23 and a cross beam 24.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used for explaining the relative position relationship between the components, the motion situation, and the like under a certain posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the certain posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
In consideration of the problems that in the prior art, the durability test technology of the automobile engine hood is adjusted and installed in a manual mode, the labor intensity is high, and the working efficiency of debugging and installing a rack is low, the invention provides a solution.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a pneumatically-adjusted automobile engine hood durability test device which is applicable to various automobile brands and types, can be applied to a whole automobile or a body in white, and is capable of reducing labor intensity and improving working efficiency.
As shown in fig. 1, the preferred embodiment of the pneumatically-adjusted automobile hood endurance testing apparatus of the present invention comprises: the structure comprises a base frame 1 and two supporting columns 2 symmetrically arranged at two sides of the base frame 1, wherein the top ends of the two supporting columns 2 are connected through a cross beam 24, an automobile engine hood 3 to be tested is arranged between the two support columns 2, each support column 2 is respectively provided with a rotating assembly 4, each rotating assembly is forwardly provided with a swing rod 5, the front ends of the two swing rods 5 are transversely provided with a cross rod 6 in front of the automobile engine hood to be tested, the pneumatically-adjusted automobile hood endurance test apparatus further includes a first actuator 7 and a second actuator 8 mounted on the pillar 2, the first actuator 7 is used for adjusting the rotating assembly 4 so that the axis of the rotating assembly 4 and the hinge axis of the hood to be tested are positioned on the same plane, the second actuator 8 is used for adjusting the cross bar 6 so that the cross bar 6 is located at the slightly opened middle position of the hood to be tested.
In this embodiment, can analyze various motorcycle type structure sizes of each car brand, use aluminium alloy design preparation bed frame 1.
In this embodiment, the pillar 2 is provided with a first bracket 9, a first slide rod 10, a first hinge 11 and a second hinge 12, the rotating assembly 4 is mounted on the first slide rod 10 through a first slide block, the upper end of the first actuator 7 is connected with the first bracket 9 through the first hinge 11, and the lower end is connected with the rotating assembly 4 through the second hinge 12.
A second support 13, a third support 14, a second sliding rod 15, a third hinge 16 and a fourth hinge 17 are mounted on the strut 2, the second support 13 is mounted on the upright post 15 through a second sliding block, the upper end of the second actuator 8 is connected with the third support 14 through the fourth hinge 17, and the lower end of the second actuator is connected with the second support 13 through the third hinge 16.
In this embodiment, the pneumatically-adjusted automobile hood endurance test apparatus further includes a third actuator 18, a fifth hinge 19 and a sixth hinge 20, wherein the upper end of the third actuator 18 is connected to the swing rod 5 through the fifth hinge 19, and the lower end is connected to the second bracket 13 through the sixth hinge 20.
The front end of the swing rod 5 is provided with a third slide bar 21 and a fourth actuator 22, the cross bar 6 is mounted on the third slide bar 21 through a third slide block 23, and the rod end of the fourth actuator 22 is connected with the cross bar 6.
In order to make the installation of the two side columns 2 more secure, in the present embodiment, the top ends of the two side columns 2 are connected by a cross beam 24.
The structure and general principle of the pneumatically-adjusted automotive hood endurance test apparatus of the present invention will be further explained in detail below.
1. According to the position of the hinge axis of the engine cover 3, the base frame 1 is adjusted forwards and backwards to enable the axis of the rotating assembly 4 and the hinge axis of the engine cover 3 to be on the same plane forwards and backwards.
2. If the axle center of the rotating assembly 4 is below the axle center of the hinge of the engine hood 3, operating a reversing valve to control the air intake work of a rod cavity of the first actuator 7, contracting a cylinder rod, and driving the rotating assembly 4 and a slide block to move upwards to be coaxial with the axle center of the hinge of the engine hood 3 through the second hinge 12; on the contrary, if the axle center of the rotating assembly 4 is above the axle center of the hinge of the engine hood 3, the reversing valve is operated to control the rodless cavity of the first actuator 7 to perform air intake operation, the cylinder rod extends out, the rotating assembly 4 and the sliding block are driven to move downwards through the second hinge 12 to be coaxial with the axle center of the hinge of the engine hood 3, and then the corresponding fixing bolt is locked.
3. And according to the maximum opening degree of the engine cover 3, a loading point is arranged on the swing rod 5. After the secondary lock unlocking of the engine hood 3 is operated, if the cross rod 6 is above the engine hood 3 according to the position state of the engine hood 3, the reversing valve is operated to control the rodless cavity of the fourth actuator 22 to perform air inlet work, the cylinder rod extends out, and the second bracket 13 and the sliding block are driven to move downwards through the fifth hinge 19, so that the cross rod 6 is moved to the slightly opened middle position of the engine hood 3; on the contrary, if the cross bar 6 is under the hood 3, the operation of the reversing valve controls the rod chamber air intake operation of the fourth actuator 22, the cylinder rod retracts, the second bracket 13 and the sliding block are driven to move upwards through the fifth hinge 19, the cross bar 6 is moved to the slightly opened middle position of the hood 3, and then the corresponding fixing bolt is locked.
4. And controlling the first actuator 7 and the fourth actuator 22 to work and adjust up and down by operating the reversing valve with the hinge axis of the engine hood 3 as a reference point and the position state of the engine hood 3 after the secondary lock is unlocked, so that the pneumatic adjustment of the automobile engine hood durability test device is realized.
The pneumatically-adjusted automobile engine hood endurance test device has the beneficial effects that: through the technical scheme, the invention comprises the following steps: the device for testing the durability of the pneumatically-adjusted automobile engine cover further comprises a first actuator and a second actuator, wherein the first actuator is arranged on the pillars, the first actuator is used for adjusting the rotary assembly so that the axis of the rotary assembly and the axis of a hinge of the automobile engine cover to be tested are positioned on the same plane, the second actuator is used for adjusting the cross rod so that the cross rod is positioned in the middle position of the slight opening of the automobile engine cover to be tested, and the labor intensity of the durability test of the automobile engine cover is reduced, the working efficiency of the endurance test of the automobile engine hood is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a pneumatic adjustment car engine bonnet endurance test device which characterized in that includes: the pneumatic automobile engine hood durability adjusting test device comprises a base frame and two supporting columns symmetrically arranged on two sides of the base frame, the top ends of the two supporting columns are connected through a cross beam, an automobile engine hood to be tested is arranged between the two supporting columns, a rotary assembly is arranged on each supporting column respectively, a swing rod is arranged forwards of each rotary assembly, a cross rod is transversely arranged at the front end of each swing rod in front of the automobile engine hood to be tested, the pneumatic automobile engine hood durability adjusting test device further comprises a first actuator and a second actuator which are arranged on the supporting columns, the first actuator is used for adjusting the rotary assemblies so that the axis of each rotary assembly and the axis of a hinge of the automobile engine hood to be tested are located on the same plane, and the second actuator is used for adjusting the cross rod so that the cross rod is located in the middle position of slight opening of the automobile engine hood to be tested;
the rotating assembly is arranged on the first sliding rod through a first sliding block, the upper end of the first actuator is connected with the first support through the first hinge, and the lower end of the first actuator is connected with the rotating assembly through the second hinge;
a second support, a third support, a second sliding rod, a third hinge and a fourth hinge are arranged on the strut, the second support is arranged on the strut through a second sliding block, the upper end of the second actuator is connected with the third support through the fourth hinge, and the lower end of the second actuator is connected with the second support through the third hinge;
the pneumatic adjustment automobile engine hood endurance test device further comprises a third actuator, a fifth hinge and a sixth hinge, wherein the upper end of the third actuator is connected with the swing rod through the fifth hinge, and the lower end of the third actuator is connected with the second bracket through the sixth hinge;
the front end of the oscillating bar is provided with a third sliding bar and a fourth actuator, the cross bar is installed on the third sliding bar through a third sliding block, and the bar end of the fourth actuator is connected with the cross bar.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110254418.5A CN112834199B (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2021-03-09 | Pneumatic regulation automobile engine hood endurance test device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110254418.5A CN112834199B (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2021-03-09 | Pneumatic regulation automobile engine hood endurance test device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112834199A CN112834199A (en) | 2021-05-25 |
| CN112834199B true CN112834199B (en) | 2022-09-06 |
Family
ID=75929935
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110254418.5A Active CN112834199B (en) | 2021-03-09 | 2021-03-09 | Pneumatic regulation automobile engine hood endurance test device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112834199B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113607423A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-11-05 | 神龙汽车有限公司 | Aircraft hood assembly endurance test method based on aerodynamic fatigue load |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010054381A (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-11 | Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd | Durability testing apparatus for vehicle seat and seat attachment |
| DE102010029719A1 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-12-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Hinge for front hood of motor vehicle, comprises adjustment part and support element which is arranged at hinge part or at connecting rod |
| CN109883731A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-14 | 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of experimental rig that automobile lower turning type tail-gate is durable |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5749425A (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1998-05-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Vehicle hood check and damping mechanism |
| KR100235721B1 (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1999-12-15 | 정몽규 | Rigidity tester of a car hood |
| US6279192B1 (en) * | 1999-09-13 | 2001-08-28 | Norwood Enterprise, Llc | Vehicle windshield wiper assembly incorporating cable and pulley drive system and remote positioned electric motor |
| KR100375383B1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2003-03-10 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Device for testing durability of hood lever for vehicle |
| CN101441130B (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-10-27 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Durable test stand and test method of gas spring for automobile |
| JP5296560B2 (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2013-09-25 | ヤンマー株式会社 | Bonnet structure |
| JP5668616B2 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2015-02-12 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | Vehicle durability test equipment |
| CN102401732A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2012-04-04 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Durability test stand for car door hinge and cover hinge |
| CN102901631B (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2016-02-03 | 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 | Car engine cover opening and closing test unit |
| CN104280247B (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2017-07-07 | 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of automotive hinge formula bonnet durability test apparatus |
| CN103575526B (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-11-02 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | A kind of durability test apparatus of enging cabin cover hinge |
| JP6006250B2 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2016-10-12 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | Ion engine test equipment |
| KR101640550B1 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-07-18 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Active hood device for vehicle |
| CN104634559A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-20 | 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 | External locking and external opening/closing durability testing device for automobile tail door |
| CN208568312U (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2019-03-01 | 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 | The duration test detecting device of arrangements for automotive doors and bonnet |
| CN209131988U (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-07-19 | 威马汽车科技集团有限公司 | Automobile closure member endurance test tool |
| CN112098069A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-18 | 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile sun shield endurance test detection device |
-
2021
- 2021-03-09 CN CN202110254418.5A patent/CN112834199B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010054381A (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-11 | Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd | Durability testing apparatus for vehicle seat and seat attachment |
| DE102010029719A1 (en) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-12-08 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Hinge for front hood of motor vehicle, comprises adjustment part and support element which is arranged at hinge part or at connecting rod |
| CN109883731A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-14 | 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of experimental rig that automobile lower turning type tail-gate is durable |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112834199A (en) | 2021-05-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112834199B (en) | Pneumatic regulation automobile engine hood endurance test device | |
| CN209369441U (en) | It is applicable in the all-electric automatic parking robot of different wheelbases and wheelspan | |
| CN215218020U (en) | Pneumatic regulation automobile engine hood endurance test device | |
| JP4934876B2 (en) | Air guide device for automobile | |
| CN113107294A (en) | Cut door hinge mechanism and vehicle | |
| CN204643756U (en) | Multi-way valve operator and there is its fork truck | |
| CN202869820U (en) | Rotary-type vehicle-door durable test apparatus | |
| CN209131988U (en) | Automobile closure member endurance test tool | |
| CN104961074B (en) | Multi-way valve operator, there is its fork truck and assembly method | |
| CN113686564A (en) | Passenger train door body test bench | |
| CN110152464A (en) | A kind of automobile air drier | |
| CN209470892U (en) | A kind of three axis endurance test tool of suspension | |
| CN205562153U (en) | Suitcase switch endurance test rack | |
| CN214775282U (en) | Stable parking heater | |
| CN215525073U (en) | Durability test detection device of automobile engine hood | |
| CN209606090U (en) | A kind of fixed device of Multifunctional zero component test | |
| CN201376602Y (en) | Locking mechanism of automobile tilt cab | |
| CN111141476A (en) | Experimental tool equipment of plaque in door | |
| CN109484490A (en) | Passenger car front deck modular arrangement framework | |
| CN217994638U (en) | Auxiliary positioning assembly quality of car headlamp | |
| CN106583995B (en) | floor assembly welding fixture | |
| CN110422251B (en) | Automobile instrument desk carrying device | |
| CN216284272U (en) | Endurance test device for unlocking system in hood lock | |
| CN214748882U (en) | Durability test device for charging opening cover of automobile front grille | |
| CN216050273U (en) | Microphone mounting device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |