CN112833723A

CN112833723A - A blasting anti-punching device and blasting hole blocking method

Info

Publication number: CN112833723A
Application number: CN202110015720.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘科伟; 杨家彩; 焉兆熙; 李旭东; 郭腾飞; 金鹏; 黄晓辉; 马泗洲; 赵瑞; 聂克蜜
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2021-01-07
Filing date: 2021-01-07
Publication date: 2021-05-25
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-07
Also published as: CN112833723B

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting anti-punching device and a blast hole blocking method, the anti-punching device comprises a rigid block, a movable ejector rod and a fixed pin, the rigid block is arranged at the orifice of a blast hole in a matching way, the movable ejector rod is inserted into the rigid block from the top of the rigid block, and can reciprocate and axial rotation relatively rigid plug, the fixed first dog that is equipped with on the activity ejector pin, the fixed locating piece that is equipped with first dog matched with in the rigid plug, the fixed pin sets up in a row at rigid plug's axial direction, and every row includes the fixed pin that outwards sets up of a plurality of downward slope that evenly arranges along rigid plug's circumferencial direction, is equipped with on the rigid plug lateral wall with the fixed pin one-to-one the perforation, the middle part of fixed pin is articulated with rigid plug, and the tail end stretches into in the hole body on the lateral wall of activity ejector pin, the perforation that corresponds is aimed at to the front end, is connected with elastic element between fixed pin and the rigid plug. The anti-punching device has the advantages of simple structure, simple and convenient operation and reusability.

Description

Explosion anti-punching device and blast hole blocking method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of blast hole plugging, and particularly relates to a blast hole preventing device for blasting and a blast hole plugging method.

Background

In the blasting operation, there are many factors that affect the blasting effect, such as the depth of blast hole, lithology and charging length, and in addition, the factors are closely related to the plugging material and the plugging method. The best plugging material is a material with high density, high strength and large internal friction coefficient, however, the plugging of the blasting hole on site depends on the past construction experience, the plugging material is also made of local materials, so that the final plugging effect has great deviation from the expected effect, and the following two problems are caused: (1) the blocking length is too short, so that punching is easy to occur, the blasting energy is leaked, the blasting effect is reduced, and the danger of blasting construction is increased; (2) the blocking length is too long, so that the charging section is reduced, the utilization rate of blast holes is reduced, the drilling cost is increased, and the rock mass rate of the blocking section is increased. In addition, with the same plugging scheme, the incidence of punch holes is greatly increased if the plugging material properties are poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a blasting anti-punching device and a blast hole blocking method which are simple in structure, simple and convenient to operate and capable of being repeatedly used.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides the following technical solutions on one hand:

a hole-punching-preventing device for blasting comprises a rigid plug, a movable ejector rod and a fixing pin, wherein the rigid plug is installed at a hole opening of a blast hole in a matching manner, the movable ejector rod is inserted into the rigid plug in a matching manner from the top of the rigid plug and can move up and down and axially rotate relative to the rigid plug, a first stop block is fixedly arranged on the movable ejector rod, and a positioning block matched with the first stop block is fixedly arranged in the rigid plug;

the fixing pins are arranged in rows in the axial direction of the rigid plug, each row of the fixing pins comprises a plurality of fixing pins which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rigid plug and are arranged downwards, the fixing pins are inclined outwards, and the side walls of the rigid plug are provided with the through holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the fixing pins;

the middle part of the fixing pin is hinged with the rigid plug, the tail end of the fixing pin extends into the hole body on the side wall of the movable ejector rod, the front end of the fixing pin is aligned with the corresponding through hole, and an elastic element is connected between the fixing pin and the rigid plug;

when the positioning device is used, the first stop block and the positioning block are staggered, the movable ejector rod is enabled to continuously move downwards under the action of external force, and when the first stop block moves to the position below the positioning block, the movable ejector rod is rotated, so that the first stop block is abutted to the bottom end of the positioning block; at the moment, the fixing pin rotates around the hinge shaft under the pushing action of the movable ejector rod, penetrates through the perforation and is embedded in the wall surface of the blast hole, and does not separate from the hole body.

Specifically, the elastic element is a spring.

Specifically, the front end of the fixing pin is a sharp end.

Specifically, the first stoppers are uniformly arranged in plurality in the circumferential direction of the movable ejector rod.

Specifically, a second positioning block is further arranged on the movable ejector rod and located right above the first stop block, and a clamping groove matched with the positioning block is formed between the first stop block and the second positioning block;

when the fixing pin is embedded in the wall surface of the blast hole, the positioning block is positioned in the clamping groove.

Specifically, the top of the movable ejector rod extends out of the rigid plug and is provided with a rotating handle.

Specifically, the elastic member is connected to the tail end of the fixing pin.

One aspect of the present application provides a blast hole plugging method, including:

firstly, filling explosives into a blast hole;

then the blast hole is filled with stemming,

and finally, placing the blasting anti-punching device on the stemming at the position of the blast hole opening, and locking the device to realize the blockage of the blast hole.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) simple structure, convenient use, low cost and high strength, is not easy to deform during blasting and can be recycled.

(2) The blasting anti-punching device can be firmly fixed in the blast hole, so that the blasting anti-punching device has the capability of resisting the blasting pressure and the shock wave of the explosive, the gas can be effectively prevented from overflowing, and the blasting effect and the safety are greatly improved.

(3) The construction is simple and convenient, the blasting anti-punching device is placed at the position of the orifice of the blast hole, and the movable ejector rod is hit by external force to enable the fixed pin to be embedded into the wall surface of the blast hole, so that the construction can be completed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a first schematic diagram of a blasting anti-punching device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic view of a second state of the blasting anti-punching device according to the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view of a blasting punching prevention device provided by an embodiment of the invention;

wherein: 1. rigid blocking; 2. a movable ejector rod; 3. a fixing pin; 4. blast holes; 5. a first stopper; 6. positioning blocks; 7. perforating; 8. a porous body; 9. an elastic element; 10. a second stopper; 11. an explosive; 12. stemming; 13. the handle is rotated.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-3, a blasting punching prevention device comprises a rigid plug 1, a movable ejector rod 2 and a fixing pin 3, wherein the rigid plug 1 is installed at the orifice of a blast hole 4 in a matching manner, a cavity with an upward opening is formed inside the rigid plug 1, the movable ejector rod 2 is inserted into the rigid plug 1 from the top opening of the rigid plug 1 in a matching manner and can move up and down and axially rotate relative to the rigid plug 1, a first stop block 5 is fixedly arranged on the movable ejector rod 2, and a positioning block 6 matched with the first stop block 5 is fixedly arranged in the rigid plug 1.

Specifically, the fixed pins 3 are arranged in a row in the axial direction of the rigid plug 1, if the fixed pins 3 are arranged in two rows in the embodiment, each row comprises a plurality of downward inclined outward-arranged fixed pins 3 uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rigid plug 1, the side wall of the rigid plug 1 is provided with through holes 7 corresponding to the fixed pins 3 one by one, the middle part of each fixed pin 3 is hinged to the rigid plug 1, the tail end of each fixed pin extends into a hole body 8 on the side wall of the movable ejector rod 2, the front end of each fixed pin aligns to the corresponding through hole 7, and an elastic element 9 is further connected between each fixed pin 3 and the rigid plug 1.

Referring to fig. 1-3, in use, the first stopper 5 and the positioning block 6 are staggered, the movable ejector rod 2 is continuously moved downwards under the action of external force, the fixing pin 3 is driven to rotate around the hinge shaft and extend out of the through hole 7 to be inserted into the wall surface of the blast hole 4, meanwhile, the elastic element 9 is stretched, when the first stopper 5 moves to the lower part of the positioning block 6, the movable ejector rod 2 is rotated, the first stopper 5 is positioned below the positioning block 6, at the moment, the movable ejector rod 2 is loosened, and under the action of the elastic element 9, the movable ejector rod 2 enables the first stopper to abut against the bottom end surface of the positioning block 6, so that the movable ejector rod 2 cannot continuously move upwards; at this moment, the fixed pin 3 rotates around the articulated shaft under the pushing action of the movable ejector rod 2, penetrates out from the perforation 7 and is embedded in the wall surface of the blast hole 4, and does not depart from the hole body 8, so that the explosion hole punching preventing device is firmly fixed in the blast hole 4, the explosion hole punching preventing device has the capacity of resisting the explosion pressure and the shock wave of explosive 11, the gas can be effectively prevented from overflowing, and the explosion effect and the safety are greatly improved.

Compare current blasting scour protection hole device, this embodiment has simple structure, convenient to use, non-deformable when the blasting, circulated use's advantage. In addition, when directly putting blasting scour protection hole device on the 12 tops of stemming in big gun hole 4, directly hit movable ejector pin 2 through external force and make 3 imbeds 4 walls of big gun hole, can accomplish the construction, still have the simple and convenient advantage of construction.

Referring to fig. 1-3, in addition, in the present embodiment, the fixing pins 3 are arranged in multiple rows along the axial direction of the rigid plug 1, each row includes a plurality of fixing pins 3 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rigid plug 1, and the side wall of the rigid plug 1 is provided with through holes 7 corresponding to the number and positions of the fixing pins 3 one by one. By the aid of the design mode, the explosion and punching prevention device can be firmly fixed in the blast hole 4, the anti-punching capacity of the explosion and punching prevention device is further improved, and explosion and punching are prevented. Further, in order to facilitate the insertion of the fixing pin 3 into the wall surface of the blast hole 4, the front end of the fixing pin 3 is designed to be a pointed end, and the sectional shape of the fixing pin 3 may be set to be circular, square, oval, or trapezoidal.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some possible embodiments, an elastic element 9 is connected between the tail end of the fixed pin 3 and the rigid plug 1, when the movable ejector rod 2 moves upward relative to the rigid plug 1 until the first stopper 5 is located right above the positioning block 6, the movable ejector rod 2 is released, the first stopper 5 is lapped on the positioning block 6, so that the movable ejector rod 2 can be prevented from moving downward continuously, the fixed pin 3 is pushed, the fixed pin 3 is folded in the center of the device under the action of the reset force of the elastic element 9, the anti-punching device can be prevented from being clamped when being placed in the blasthole 4, and meanwhile, the anti-punching device can be conveniently taken out of the blasthole. In practical design, the elastic element 9 may be an elastic member such as a coil spring or a rubber spring.

It can be understood that, in practical design, the first stoppers 5 may be uniformly arranged in a plurality in the circumferential direction of the movable mandril 2, and the corresponding positioning blocks 6 also need to be arranged in a plurality. Through the setting, the stability of 2 atress of activity ejector pins can be guaranteed, and on the other hand can guarantee the reliability of 2 locking of activity ejector pins, prevents that single first dog 5 from producing deformation under blast pressure and shock wave effect, causes first dog 5 to break away from locating piece 6, and makes whole blasting scour protection hole device inefficacy.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, specifically, a second stop dog 10 may be further disposed on the movable ejector rod 2 and located directly above the first stop dog 5, a clamping groove matched with the positioning block 6 is formed between the first stop dog 5 and the second positioning block 6, when the fixing pin 3 is embedded in the wall surface of the blasthole 4, the first stop dog 5 and the second stop dog 10 are respectively located below and above the positioning block 6, the movable ejector rod 2 is rotated, the positioning block 6 can be inserted into the clamping groove, and locking of axial movement of the movable ejector rod 2 is achieved. Such a design mode, when the locating piece 6 is located between with first dog 5 and second dog 10, rotate movable ejector pin 2 for first dog 5 and second dog 10 aim at locating piece 6, can carry out spacingly to the axial displacement of movable ejector pin 2. In addition, the top of the movable ejector rod 2 extends to the outside of the rigid plug 1, the top of the movable ejector rod 2 can also be provided with a rotating handle 13, and the movable ejector rod 2 is convenient to rotate by arranging the rotating handle 13.

The application also provides a blast hole blocking method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, filling explosives 11 into a blast hole 4; then, filling stemming 12 in the blast hole 4;

and finally, placing the blasting anti-punching device on the stemming 12 at the opening of the blast hole 4, and locking the device to realize the blockage of the blast hole 4.

And (4) designing the charging length, the blocking length and the placing position of the anti-punching device by considering the blasting scheme and the performance of the blocking material. Pack into explosive 11 in big gun hole 4, adopt the anti-shock hole device position of jam material shutoff to design, place above-mentioned blasting anti-punch device in the drill way department of big gun hole 4 after that, utilize external force to make activity ejector pin 2 move down, force fixed pin 3 constantly to rotate around the articulated shaft, and finally extrude into 4 walls of big gun hole, at this moment, rotatory activity ejector pin 2, make the first dog 5 that is located 6 below the locating piece align locating piece 6, thereby firmly fix whole blasting anti-shock hole device in big gun hole 4, thereby can reduce 4 jam lengths of big gun hole, reduce the rock bold rate after the blasting, improve explosive 11 and 4 utilization ratios of big gun hole and reduce whole blasting cost.

The above examples are merely illustrative for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Nor is it intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. An anti-punching device for blasting is characterized in that: comprising rigid blocking (1), movable ejector rod (2) and fixing pin (3), and described rigid blocking (1) is matched to be installed in the blasting hole (4). At the orifice, the movable ejector rod (2) is inserted into the rigid block (1) from the top of the rigid block (1), and can move up and down and rotate axially relative to the rigid block (1), so A first stopper (5) is fixedly arranged on the movable ejector rod (2), and a positioning block (6) matched with the first stopper (5) is fixedly arranged in the rigid block (1);

The fixing pins (3) are arranged in rows in the axial direction of the rigid block (1), and each row includes a plurality of downwardly inclined and outwardly arranged fixing pins uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rigid block (1). A pin (3), the side wall of the rigid block (1) is provided with a perforation (7) corresponding to the fixing pin (3) one-to-one;

The middle part of each fixing pin (3) is hinged with the rigid block (1), the rear end extends into the hole (8) on the side wall of the movable ejector rod (2), and the front end is aligned with the corresponding the through hole (7), an elastic element (9) is connected between the fixing pin (3) and the rigid block (1);

When in use, the positions of the first stopper (5) and the positioning block (6) are staggered, and the movable ejector rod (2) is continuously moved downward under the action of external force. When the first stopper (5) When moving to the bottom of the positioning block (6), the movable ejector rod (2) is rotated to make the first stopper (5) abut against the bottom end of the positioning block (6); at this time, The fixing pin (3) rotates around the hinge shaft under the pushing action of the movable ejector rod (2), passes through the through hole (7) and is embedded in the wall surface of the gun hole (4), and does not out of the pore body (8).

2 . The blasting and punching prevention device according to claim 1 , wherein the elastic element ( 9 ) is a spring. 3 .

3. The blasting anti-piercing device according to claim 1, wherein the front end of the fixing pin (3) is a thorn end.

4. The blasting anti-punching device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said first blocks (5) are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of said movable ejector rod (2).

5 . The blasting anti-punching device according to claim 1 , wherein the top of the movable ejector rod ( 2 ) extends outside the rigid block ( 1 ), and is provided with a rotating handle ( 13 ). 6 .

6 . The blasting and punching prevention device according to claim 1 , wherein the elastic element ( 9 ) is connected to the rear end of the fixing pin ( 3 ). 7 .

7. The blasting anti-punching device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: on the movable ejector rod (2), there is also a set directly above the corresponding first stopper (5). There is a second positioning block (6), and a slot matching with the positioning block (6) is formed between the first stopper (5) and the second positioning block (6);

When the fixing pin (3) is embedded in the wall surface of the gun hole (4), the positioning block (6) can be inserted into the slot by rotating the movable ejector rod (2).

8. a blast hole plugging method, is characterized in that, comprises:

First, the explosive (11) is filled in the blast hole (4);

Then fill the gun mud (12) in the gun hole (4),

Finally, the blasting anti-piercing device according to any one of claims 1-7 is placed on the mud (12) at the orifice of the blast hole (4), and the device is locked, so that the blast hole (4) can be realized. ) blockage.