CN112831369A - Method for preparing plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and powdered oil thereof at one time - Google Patents
Method for preparing plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and powdered oil thereof at one time Download PDFInfo
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- CN112831369A CN112831369A CN202110202795.4A CN202110202795A CN112831369A CN 112831369 A CN112831369 A CN 112831369A CN 202110202795 A CN202110202795 A CN 202110202795A CN 112831369 A CN112831369 A CN 112831369A
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- 241001300674 Plukenetia volubilis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 241001098027 Callerya speciosa Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000005589 Calophyllum inophyllum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009590 Calophyllum inophyllum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000219995 Wisteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000563984 Ampelopsis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009388 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 13
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 100
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 241000843353 Embelia Species 0.000 description 5
- 244000145591 rattan cane Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000012950 rattan cane Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000254055 Rubus microphyllus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000003652 Rubus microphyllus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000417320 Daemonorops jenkinsiana Species 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221017 Euphorbiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010034701 Peroneal nerve palsy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 240000003290 Wisteria sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014027 Wisteria sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000004626 essential fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010746 mayonnaise Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008268 mayonnaise Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/008—Refining fats or fatty oils by filtration, e.g. including ultra filtration, dialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and powder oil thereof at one time, which takes plukenetia volubilis linneo kernels as main raw materials, crushes the plukenetia volubilis linneo kernels by using a liquid nitrogen crushing technology, and obtains plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and plukenetia volubilis linneo meal by a low-temperature squeezing process; and (3) crushing the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp by using liquid nitrogen and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain plukenetia volubilis linneo powdered oil. The preparation method can continuously prepare the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the powdered oil containing the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil at one time on the premise of not damaging the nutritional ingredients of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the plukenetia volubilis linneo protein, and makes the most full use of the plukenetia volubilis linneo; the preparation process fully considers the characteristics of the plukenetia volubilis linneo, the plukenetia volubilis linneo powdered oil is prepared without additionally adding wall materials, and the food safety is guaranteed. The method has simple process and convenient operation, realizes the comprehensive utilization of the whole plukenetia volubilis linneo kernel, is suitable for industrial production, and has wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of food processing, relates to a preparation method of plukenetia volubilis linneo oil, and particularly relates to a method for preparing plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and powdered oil thereof at one time.
Background
The plukenetia volubilis linneo (Plukenetia volubilis linneo) is a academic name of plukenetia volubilis, belongs to perennial woody vine oil plants of plukenetia volubilis of Euphorbiaceae, the plukenetia volubilis kernel is a kernel obtained after the plukenetia volubilis is dehulled, the mass fraction of crude fat of the plukenetia volubilis kernel is more than 45.25%, the mass fraction of crude protein is up to 30.12%, the mass fraction of dietary fiber is 20%, and the mass fraction of vitamin E is 190mg/100g, so that the plukenetia volubilis is a novel oil crop with high protein and high unsaturated fatty acid.
According to the research reports at home and abroad, the content of unsaturated fatty acid in the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is 87.4-93.3%, the unsaturated fatty acid mainly comprises oleic acid, linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, the relative mass fractions of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil are respectively 5.3-9.1%, 33.4-38.6% and 43.6-50.8%, the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil has multiple effects of regulating blood fat, improving immunity, improving memory and resisting inflammation, has a good application prospect in the fields of biological medicines, health care and special dietary products, and is approved as a new resource food by the Ministry of health in 2013.
The plukenetia volubilis linneo protein meal is a natural byproduct of plukenetia volubilis linneo kernel after oil extraction, and contains rich plukenetia volubilis linneo protein (the content is more than or equal to 60%), dietary fiber (the content is 10-20%) and partial plukenetia volubilis linneo oil (the content is 15-20%); the plukenetia volubilis linneo protein is approved as a common food raw material by the Ministry of health in 2017. The plukenetia volubilis linneo protein is comprehensive in amino acid types, contains 17 amino acids and 7 essential amino acids, wherein the mass fraction of the essential amino acids accounts for 32.55% of the total content of the amino acids, and has good effects on improving energy and organism immunity, resisting fatigue and the like.
The plukenetia volubilis linneo oil has high unsaturation degree, is easily influenced by external environments such as illumination, oxygen, temperature and the like, and has the limitations of difficult storage, short shelf life, limited use range and the like. In order to solve the above problems, people improve the preparation of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil powder grease by embedding the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil microencapsulation technology, for example, the patent application with the application number of 201310422280.0 discloses a preparation method of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil powder grease, the patent application with the application number of 201610339482.2 discloses a plukenetia volubilis linneo oil composition, microcapsule powder and a preparation method thereof, and the patent application with the application number of 201911392153.4 discloses a preparation method of a compound microcapsule powder of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and camellia seed oil and an application thereof. In the practical process, the current technique for microencapsulating the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil (namely preparing the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil into powdered oil) has the following defects: (1) the additive amount of the wall material is more, which brings risks to the food safety; (2) the microencapsulation process relates to a spray drying process, the temperature is up to 160-180 ℃, nutritional active ingredients of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil are damaged, grease oxidation is triggered, and the shelf life is shortened. Therefore, the natural wall material and the low-temperature process are the technical footdrop for solving the defect of the microcapsulation of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preparing the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil powder grease at one time, the process is simple, the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil powder grease can be prepared at one time, no additional wall material is needed to be added in the preparation process, the key steps are carried out at a low temperature, the food safety is fully ensured, and meanwhile, the nutritional ingredients of the plu.
The method for preparing the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil powder oil at one time comprises the steps of crushing plukenetia volubilis linneo kernels by liquid nitrogen, squeezing at low temperature and filtering to obtain plukenetia volubilis linneo oil; crushing the residue of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp by liquid nitrogen again, and drying at low temperature to obtain plukenetia volubilis linneo powdered oil; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing Ampelopsis Grossdentata fruit kernel with liquid nitrogen
The feeding amount of liquid nitrogen is 5-10L/min, the feeding amount of the calophyllum inophyllum kernels is 1-5 kg/min, and the mesh number of the screen mesh is 60-90 meshes; pulverizing to obtain powder;
(2) squeezing at low temperature
Squeezing the millettia speciosa seed powder obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ for 180-360 min to obtain a millettia speciosa residual oil mixture;
(3) filtration
Filtering the residual oil mixture obtained in the step (2) by using a filter, and separating oil and residue to obtain plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and plukenetia volubilis linneo meal;
(4) crushing of wisteria fruit pulp liquid with nitrogen
Smashing the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp obtained in the step (3) by using liquid nitrogen, wherein the feeding amount of the liquid nitrogen is 10-30L/min, the feeding amount of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp is 5-15 kg/min, and the mesh number of a screen is 120-160 meshes;
(5) vacuum freeze drying
5-7 kg/m of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp powder crushed by liquid nitrogen in the step (4)2The charging amount of the components is 80-100 Pa, the sublimation drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, the desorption drying vacuum degree is 50-70 Pa, the desorption drying temperature is 30-45 ℃, and the components are freeze-dried for 6-10 hours to obtain the plukenetia volubilis linneo powdered oil.
Preferably, the feeding amount of the liquid nitrogen in the step (1) of the invention is 5L/min, and the mesh number of the screen is 90 meshes.
Preferably, the feeding amount of the liquid nitrogen in the step (4) is 10L/min, the feeding amount of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp is 5kg/min, and the mesh number of the screen mesh is 120 meshes.
The plukenetia volubilis linneo protein has the functional characteristics of excellent oil retention, emulsifying property, foamability and the like, can be used for emulsifying and embedding oil, and is an edible wall material which can supplement high-quality protein for a human body and can also be used for embedding oil. Meanwhile, a large amount of dietary fibers in the plukenetia volubilis linneo protein meal are also high-quality edible wall materials. The invention not only obtains high-quality plukenetia volubilis linneo oil, but also fully utilizes the emulsification embedding and oil retaining characteristics of plukenetia volubilis linneo protein (during the pressing process of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil, the plukenetia volubilis linneo protein embeds a part of oil pockets by utilizing the embedding and oil retaining effects of the plukenetia volubilis linneo protein, so that the oil cannot be completely extracted during the pressing process), and prepares plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp into powdered oil without adding extra wall materials, thereby skillfully solving the technical defect of the microencapsulation of the pluken.
According to the method, a low-temperature liquid nitrogen crushing technology (the temperature of liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃) is adopted for crushing the plukenetia volubilis linneo kernel, the temperature of equipment is not increased in the working process, the material is not damaged at all, and the method is the best choice for processing the temperature-sensitive materials containing plukenetia volubilis linneo oil; meanwhile, liquid nitrogen medium enters the machine body, so that the oxygen discharge effect is achieved, the raw material of the mandril nut is in an anaerobic state in the crushing process, and the oxidation effect of grease is not easily caused.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method can continuously prepare the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the powdered oil containing the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil at one time on the premise of not damaging the nutritional ingredients of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the plukenetia volubilis linneo protein, and makes the most full use of the plukenetia volubilis linneo; the preparation process fully considers the characteristics of the plukenetia volubilis linneo, the plukenetia volubilis linneo powdered oil is prepared without additionally adding wall materials, and the food safety is guaranteed. The method has simple process and convenient operation, realizes the comprehensive utilization of the whole plukenetia volubilis linneo kernel, is suitable for industrial production, and has wide market prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The method for preparing the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil powder oil at one time comprises the steps of crushing plukenetia volubilis linneo kernels by liquid nitrogen, squeezing at low temperature and filtering to obtain plukenetia volubilis linneo oil; crushing the residue of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp by liquid nitrogen again, and drying at low temperature to obtain plukenetia volubilis linneo powdered oil; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing Ampelopsis Grossdentata fruit kernel with liquid nitrogen
The feeding amount of liquid nitrogen is 5-10L/min (preferably 5L/min), the feeding amount of the wisteria seeds is 1-5 kg/min, and the mesh number of the screen is 60-90 (preferably 90 meshes); pulverizing to obtain powder;
(2) squeezing at low temperature
Squeezing the millettia speciosa seed powder obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ for 180-360 min to obtain a millettia speciosa residual oil mixture;
(3) filtration
Filtering the residual oil mixture obtained in the step (2) by using a filter, and separating oil and residue to obtain plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and plukenetia volubilis linneo meal;
(4) crushing of wisteria fruit pulp liquid with nitrogen
Smashing the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp obtained in the step (3) by using liquid nitrogen, wherein the feeding amount of the liquid nitrogen is 10-30L/min (preferably 10L/min), the feeding amount of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp is 5-15 kg/min (preferably 5 kg/min), and the mesh number of a screen is 120-160 meshes (preferably 120 meshes);
(5) vacuum freeze drying
5-7 kg/m of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp powder crushed by liquid nitrogen in the step (4)2The charging amount of the components is 80-100 Pa, the sublimation drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, the desorption drying vacuum degree is 50-70 Pa, the desorption drying temperature is 30-45 ℃, and the components are freeze-dried for 6-10 hours to obtain the plukenetia volubilis linneo powdered oil.
Example (b): selecting clean and mildew-free Meiteng nutlet, and performing the following steps and process parameters:
(1) low-temperature liquid nitrogen crushing pretreatment
The liquid nitrogen feeding amount is 5L/min, and the American rattan fruit feeding amount is 2 kg/min. Firstly, liquid nitrogen is added, the liquid nitrogen is continuously flushed into a crushing cavity of a crusher, the mandshurica nutlet is added and crushed, and the mandshurica nutlet automatically passes through a 60-mesh screen during the crushing process to obtain the mandshurica nutlet powder.
(2) Squeezing at low temperature
The feeding amount of the calophyllum inophyllum seed powder is 80-120 kg, the squeezing pressure is 40Mpa, the squeezing temperature is 15-25 ℃, and squeezing is carried out for 180min, so that a calophyllum inophyllum oil residue mixture is obtained.
(3) Filtration
Adjusting the pressure of a filter to 40Mpa, the frequency of the filter to 30Hz, the diameter of a filter element of the filter to 1 μm, and filtering the mixture of the mayberry fruit residues to obtain mayberry fruit oil and mayberry fruit meal; and then processing the wisteria sinensis pulp.
(4) Pulverizing Plukenetia volubilis Linnaeus dregs with low temperature liquid nitrogen
Firstly feeding liquid nitrogen according to the feeding amount of the liquid nitrogen of 10L/min, continuously flushing the liquid nitrogen into a crushing cavity of a crusher, adding the filtered plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp according to the feeding amount of 5kg/min, crushing, and then sieving through a 120-mesh sieve to obtain the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp powder.
(5) Vacuum freeze drying
The loading capacity of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp powder is 5kg/m2And (3) carrying out sublimation drying at the vacuum degree of 80Pa and the sublimation drying temperature of 60 ℃, carrying out desorption drying at the vacuum degree of 50 Pa and the desorption drying temperature of 30 ℃, and freeze-drying for 6 hours to obtain the plukenetia volubilis linneo powdered oil.
The inventor carries out comparative research on the effects of different liquid nitrogen feeding amounts, different rattan nuts or rattan fruit meal feeding amounts, different screen mesh numbers and other parameters on the prepared product by adopting different crushing technologies to crush the rattan fruit kernels and adopting a low-temperature liquid nitrogen crushing technology, and the details are as follows:
1. the millettia speciosa nuts obtained by crushing millettia speciosa nuts at normal temperature and low-temperature liquid nitrogen are squeezed, the prepared millettia speciosa oil is detected, the influence of different methods on unsaturated fatty acid is compared, and the result is shown in table 1.
Table 1: influence of different crushing modes on content of unsaturated fatty acid in embelia nasuta oil
As can be seen from table 1, the high temperatures generated by mechanical friction and mutual extrusion during the crushing of the mayonnaise kernels adversely affect the unsaturated fatty acids of the fat in the kernels. The content of the unsaturated fatty acid of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil obtained by crushing the plukenetia volubilis linneo kernels by low-temperature liquid nitrogen is higher than that of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil obtained by crushing the plukenetia volubilis linneo kernels at normal temperature, and particularly, the content of the essential fatty acid (linoleic acid and linolenic acid) of a human body is higher in the two. Therefore, the loss of active ingredients in the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil can be effectively avoided by selecting a low-temperature liquid nitrogen crushing mode, and the nutritional value of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is reserved.
2. The effect of the liquid nitrogen feeding amount of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20L/min on the content of the unsaturated fatty acid in the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is compared under the conditions that the plukenetia volubilis linneo kernel feeding amount is 2kg/min and the mesh number of the screen mesh is 90 meshes, and the result is shown in table 2.
Table 2: influence of different liquid nitrogen feeding amounts on unsaturated fatty acid content of plukenetia volubilis linneo oil
From table 2, it can be found that under the condition of not adding liquid nitrogen, the oil yield is very low, the unsaturated fatty acid content of the embelia nasuta oil is the lowest, and the mode is not suitable for the industrial production of the embelia nasuta oil; with the continuous increase of liquid nitrogen, the content of the unsaturated fatty acid in the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is increased, the content of the unsaturated fatty acid in the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil basically tends to be stable after the feeding amount of the liquid nitrogen is 10L/min, and therefore, the feeding amount of the liquid nitrogen is optimally selected to be 5L/min from the cost perspective.
3. Under the conditions that the feeding amount of liquid nitrogen is 5kg/min and the mesh number of the screen is 90 meshes, the feeding amounts of the mandshurica nutlet are 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5kg/min, and the results are shown in a table 3.
Table 3: influence of different cambogia nut kernel feeding amounts on the unsaturated fatty acid content of cambogia oil
From table 3, it can be found that the effect of the feed amount of the plukenetia volubilis linneo on the unsaturated fatty acid content of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is not significant, and therefore, the feed amount of the plukenetia volubilis linneo can be selected according to the actual production conditions in view of the actual production and equipment type selection.
4. Under the conditions that the feeding amount of liquid nitrogen is 5kg/min and the feeding amount of the plukenetia volubilis linneo kernel is 2kg/min, the influence of the mesh number of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150L/min of the plukenetia volubilis linneo on the unsaturated fatty acid content of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is researched, and the result is shown in table 4.
Table 4: influence of different screen mesh numbers (crushing particle size of Meiteng nut) on content of unsaturated fatty acid in Meiteng fruit oil
From table 4, it can be found that when the mesh number of the screen is increased, the smaller the particle size is, the content of the unsaturated fatty acid in the embelia nasuta oil is increased, and after the mesh number of the screen is 60 meshes, the content of the unsaturated fatty acid in the embelia nasuta oil basically tends to be stable, so that the mesh number of the screen is selected to be 60 meshes as the best.
5. Under the conditions that the feed rate of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp is 5kg/min and the mesh number of the screen is 120 meshes, the influence of different feed rates of liquid nitrogen on the embedding rate of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is researched, and the result is shown in table 5.
Table 5: influence of different liquid nitrogen feeding amounts on embedding rate of plukenetia volubilis linneo oil
From Table 5, it can be found that under the conditions that the feed rate of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp is 5kg/min and the mesh number of the screen is 120 meshes, the influence of the feed rate of liquid nitrogen of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30L/min on the embedding rate of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is different. Under the condition of not adding liquid nitrogen, the embedding rate of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is lowest, the embedding rate of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is increased along with the continuous increase of the liquid nitrogen, the embedding rate of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil basically tends to be stable after the feeding amount of the liquid nitrogen is 10L/min, and therefore the feeding amount of the liquid nitrogen is selected to be the best 10L/min.
6. Under the conditions that the feeding amount of liquid nitrogen is 10kg/min and the mesh number of the screen is 120 meshes, the influence of different feeding amounts of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp on the embedding rate of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is shown in Table 6.
Table 6: influence of different millettia speciosa dregs feeding amount on millettia speciosa oil embedding rate
From Table 6, it can be found that under the conditions that the feeding amount of liquid nitrogen is 10kg/min and the mesh number of the screen is 120 meshes, the feeding amounts of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp are 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20kg/min, and the embedding rate of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is influenced. The effect of the feed quantity of the plukenetia volubilis linneo on the embedding rate of the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil is in a trend of ascending first and then descending, and therefore the feed quantity of the plukenetia volubilis linneo is preferably 5 kg/min.
7. Under the conditions of 10kg/min of liquid nitrogen feeding amount and 5kg/min of calamus margaritae meal feeding amount, the influence of different screen meshes on the embedding rate of calamus margaritae oil is researched, and the result is shown in table 7.
Table 7: influence of different screen mesh numbers on embedding rate of Mei Teng fruit oil
From Table 7, it can be found that under the conditions of liquid nitrogen feeding amount of 10kg/min and plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp feeding amount of 5kg/min, the influence of the mesh number of the screen mesh of 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160L/min on the embedding rate of plukenetia volubilis linneo oil. When the mesh number of the screen is increased and the particle size is smaller, the embedding rate of the mei teng fruit oil is increased, and after the mesh number of the screen is 120 meshes, the embedding rate content of the mei teng fruit oil basically tends to be stable, so that the mesh number of the screen is selected to be 120 meshes as the best.
The above are only some embodiments of the present invention, and the examples are for better illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solutions.
Claims (3)
1. The method for preparing the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the powdered oil thereof at one time is characterized in that the plukenetia volubilis linneo kernel is crushed by liquid nitrogen, then is squeezed at low temperature and is filtered to obtain the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil; crushing the residue of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp by liquid nitrogen again, and drying at low temperature to obtain plukenetia volubilis linneo powdered oil; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing Ampelopsis Grossdentata fruit kernel with liquid nitrogen
The feeding amount of liquid nitrogen is 5-10L/min, the feeding amount of the calophyllum inophyllum kernels is 1-5 kg/min, and the mesh number of the screen mesh is 60-90 meshes; pulverizing to obtain powder;
squeezing at low temperature
Squeezing the millettia speciosa seed powder obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 15-25 ℃ for 180-360 min to obtain a millettia speciosa residual oil mixture;
filtration
Filtering the residual oil mixture obtained in the step (2) by using a filter, and separating oil and residue to obtain plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and plukenetia volubilis linneo meal;
(4) crushing of wisteria fruit pulp liquid with nitrogen
Smashing the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp obtained in the step (3) by using liquid nitrogen, wherein the feeding amount of the liquid nitrogen is 10-30L/min, the feeding amount of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp is 5-15 kg/min, and the mesh number of a screen is 120-160 meshes;
(5) vacuum freeze drying
5-7 kg/m of the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp powder crushed by liquid nitrogen in the step (4)2The charging amount, the sublimation drying vacuum degree of 80-100 Pa and the sublimation drying temperature ofAnd (3) carrying out desorption drying at the vacuum degree of 50-70 Pa and the desorption drying temperature of 30-45 ℃ for 6-10 h at 60-80 ℃ to obtain the plukenetia volubilis linneo powder grease.
2. The method for preparing the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the powdered oil thereof at one time according to claim 1, wherein the liquid nitrogen feeding amount in the step (1) is 5L/min, and the mesh number of the screen is 90 meshes.
3. The method for preparing the plukenetia volubilis linneo oil and the powdered oil thereof in one step according to claim 1, wherein the liquid nitrogen feeding amount in the step (4) is 10L/min, the plukenetia volubilis linneo pulp feeding amount is 5kg/min, and the mesh number of the screen is 120 meshes.
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