CN112830855A - Soil conditioner, preparation method thereof and soil conditioning method - Google Patents

Soil conditioner, preparation method thereof and soil conditioning method Download PDF

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CN112830855A
CN112830855A CN202110039967.0A CN202110039967A CN112830855A CN 112830855 A CN112830855 A CN 112830855A CN 202110039967 A CN202110039967 A CN 202110039967A CN 112830855 A CN112830855 A CN 112830855A
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soil
parts
straw
conditioner
soil conditioner
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聂三安
李晓静
钟俊杰
周清
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Hunan Agricultural University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a soil conditioner, a preparation method thereof and a soil conditioning method, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components: 50-120 parts of edible fungus residues, 50-150 parts of straws, 10-20 parts of wormcast and 1-3 parts of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria. The soil conditioner can improve the living environment of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in soil, so that the nitrogen loss caused by anaerobic ammonia oxidation of the soil can be effectively reduced, and the yield of planted crops is increased.

Description

Soil conditioner, preparation method thereof and soil conditioning method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil conditioner, a preparation method thereof and a soil improvement method.
Background
The loss of nitrogen in soil generally comprises ammonia volatilization loss, runoff loss, deep seepage loss, denitrification loss, anaerobic ammonia oxidation loss and the like, wherein nitrogen loss ways such as runoff and deep seepage can be unavoidable, nitrogen loss ways such as ammonia volatilization and denitrification can reduce the loss of nitrogen by proper measures, and the loss of nitrogen caused by anaerobic ammonia oxidation is often ignored by people.
In recent years, based on scientific research on soil, soil hardening causes reduction of soil porosity and increase of anaerobic degree, so that a living environment is provided for anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and nitrogen in soil is lost. However, few studies have reported that appropriate measures are taken to reduce nitrogen loss in soil due to anaerobic ammonia oxidation.
Therefore, it is imperative to develop appropriate measures to reduce nitrogen loss from anaerobic ammonia oxidation in soils.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a soil conditioner, a method for preparing the same and a method for improving soil, so as to solve the problem of nitrogen loss caused by anaerobic ammonia oxidation of soil in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a soil conditioner comprising the following components:
50-120 parts of edible fungus residues;
50-150 parts of straw;
10-20 parts of wormcast;
1-3 parts of EM bacteria.
In some embodiments of the invention, the soil amendment comprises the following components:
60-110 parts of edible fungus residues;
70-140 parts of straw;
15-20 parts of wormcast;
2-3 parts of EM (effective microorganisms).
In some embodiments of the invention, the straw is selected from one or more of corn stover, rice straw, wheat straw, and barley straw.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the edible fungi residue is selected from one or more of shiitake mushroom, straw mushroom, agaric and tremella.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner as described in any one of the above embodiments, the method comprising the steps of:
1) mixing the components according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture;
2) and fermenting the mixture, and stacking the fermented product after the fermented product is cooled to room temperature to obtain the soil conditioner.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the fermentation is 35 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the stacking time is 14 d.
In a third aspect, based on the characteristics of the soil conditioner, the invention further provides a soil improvement method, which comprises the following steps:
1) irrigating the soil, and introducing oxygen into the irrigated soil after ploughing;
2) mixing the oxygen-introduced soil with a soil conditioner to obtain improved soil;
wherein the soil conditioner is the soil conditioner of any one of the embodiments above.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 1), the amount of water is 2mm and the irrigation is continued for 7 d.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 1), the thickness of the ploughed soil is less than 20cm, and the amount of oxygen introduced is 1.3m3/(667hm2) And oxygen was continuously fed for 3 hours.
The embodiment provided by the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1) the soil conditioner provided by the invention improves the living environment of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in soil by researching and selecting proper components and adjusting the reasonable configuration of the components, so that the nitrogen loss caused by anaerobic ammonia oxidation in soil can be effectively reduced, and the yield of planted crops can be increased.
2) The preparation method of the soil conditioner provided by the invention is simple to operate, low in cost and suitable for industrial production and application.
3) According to the soil improvement method provided by the invention, the soil improvement agent is adopted, so that the soil improvement method can effectively reduce the nitrogen loss caused by anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the soil, and the yield of crops planted on the soil is increased.
In addition to the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical features constituting the technical solutions, and the advantages brought by the technical features of the technical solutions, other technical problems solved by the soil conditioner and the method for preparing the same and the method for improving soil provided by the present invention, other technical features included in the technical solutions, and advantages brought by the technical features will be further described in detail in the detailed description of the embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of a curve fit of anammox activity of soil in the test examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, in the description of the present specification, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples", etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments or examples is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The invention firstly provides a soil conditioner, which comprises the following components:
50-120 parts of edible fungus residues;
50-150 parts of straw;
10-20 parts of wormcast;
1-3 parts of EM bacteria.
The edible fungus residues are rich in organic matters and can be used as electron acceptors of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria to improve the activity of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria. The straw can improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio and reduce the nitrogen mineralization speed. The wormcast can loosen soil, improve the soil oxidation-reduction environment and facilitate the improvement of the activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria. The EM bacteria are beneficial to keeping the balance of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, the soil conditioner comprises the following components:
60-110 parts of edible fungus residues;
70-140 parts of straw;
15-20 parts of earthworm bezoar;
2-3 parts of EM (effective microorganisms).
In the above embodiment, the edible mushroom dregs are not particularly limited and may be edible mushroom dregs well known to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments of the present invention, the edible fungi residue may be one or more selected from shiitake mushroom, straw mushroom, agaric and tremella.
In addition, in the above embodiment, there is no particular limitation on the kind of straw, and it may be a kind of straw well known to those skilled in the art, such as straw of crops. In some embodiments of the invention, the straw may be selected from one or more of corn straw, rice straw, wheat straw, and barley straw.
In conclusion, the soil conditioner provided by the invention improves the living environment of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in soil by researching, selecting and adjusting the reasonable configuration of the proper components, so that the nitrogen loss caused by anaerobic ammonia oxidation in soil can be effectively reduced, and the yield of planted crops can be increased.
Secondly, the invention also provides a preparation method of the soil conditioner in any one of the embodiments, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the components according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture;
2) and fermenting the mixture, and stacking the fermented product after the fermented product is cooled to room temperature to obtain the soil conditioner.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the fermentation is 35 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the stacking time is 14 d.
The preparation method of the soil conditioner provided by the invention is simple to operate, low in cost and suitable for industrial production and application.
Based on the characteristics of the soil conditioner, the invention further provides a soil improvement method, which comprises the following steps:
1) irrigating the soil, and introducing oxygen into the irrigated soil after ploughing;
2) mixing the oxygen-introduced soil with a soil conditioner to obtain improved soil;
wherein the soil conditioner is the soil conditioner of any one of the embodiments above.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 1), the amount of water is 2mm and the irrigation is continued for 7 d.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step 1), the thickness of the ploughed soil is less than 20cm, and the amount of oxygen introduced is 1.3m3/(667hm2) And oxygen was continuously fed for 3 hours.
According to the soil improvement method provided by the invention, the soil improvement agent is adopted, so that the soil improvement method can effectively reduce the nitrogen loss caused by anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the soil, and the yield of crops planted on the soil is increased.
The soil conditioner, the method for producing the soil conditioner, and the method for improving soil according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Unless otherwise specified, the chemical materials and instruments used in the following examples and comparative examples are all conventional chemical materials and conventional instruments, and are commercially available.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a soil improvement method, which comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing 80 parts of edible fungus residues, 100 parts of straw scraps, 15 parts of wormcast and 2 parts of EM (effective microorganism) fungus (purchased from Zhengzhou Baiyi treasure biotechnology limited), fermenting for 30 days at the temperature of 35 ℃, and stacking for 14 days at normal temperature;
2) and (3) irrigating soil (soil in campsis county in Zhangzhou city of Fujian province) by small water service in an amount of 2mm every day, and improving the permeability and the water conductivity of the soil for 7 days.
3) Ploughing 1-20cm soil uniformly, and oxygenating the soil by using a Venturi air ejector with oxygen content of 1.3m3/(667hm2) The duration is 3 h;
4) uniformly mixing the treated soil with the soil conditioner obtained in the step 1) to obtain the improved soil.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, typical hardened soil (high anammox) was selected as a blank control, i.e., without any treatment.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example selects the soil of comparative example 1 and the soil was treated as follows:
1) and (3) irrigating soil (soil in campsis county in Zhangzhou city of Fujian province) by small water service in an amount of 2mm every day, and improving the permeability and the water conductivity of the soil for 7 days.
2) Ploughing 1-20cm soil uniformly, and oxygenating the soil by using a Venturi air ejector with oxygen content of 1.3m3/(667hm2) And the duration is 3 h.
Test examples
This test adopts15N isotope tracer method to measure nitrogen loss due to anammox in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2, the specific procedure was as follows:
1. the collection and measurement methods were as follows:
1) by adopting a multipoint and small quantity method, about 0.5kg of sample is collected from each typical soil sampling point in the self-sealing bag, redundant air in the sampling bag is discharged during sampling, and the samples are uniformly mixed. Meanwhile, in-situ water is collected, and long-distance long-time transportation is carried out to pay attention to the full capacity;
2) weighing 3.0-3.5g of sample into a 12mL cylindrical culture tube (Exetainer, Labco, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, UK), putting 2 glass beads with the diameter of 0.5mm into the culture tube to facilitate reaction, fully mixing the sample, weighing the sample to the bottom of the culture tube as much as possible during sample weighing, putting more than 500mL of in-situ water into an aeration device before sample weighing, and aerating for about 15min by using High-purity nitrogen until the sample is saturated;
3) adding in-situ water into the culture tube from the bottom of the culture tube through a syringe until the in-situ water does not overflow, and slightly stirring the sample in the culture tube by using a needle head of the syringe to remove gas in the sample, wherein the needle head of the syringe is always below the liquid level during the process of adding in-situ water and stirring;
4) the rubber plug of the culture tube is covered, and the culture tube is slightly rotated, and the upper part of the rubber plug slightly bulges. Shaking the culture tube, standing upside down to observe whether the tube still contains air bubbles, repeating air exhaust if the tube contains air bubbles, supplementing in-situ water, and plugging a rubber plug.
2. Preculture consumes nitrate and nitrite in substrate
The culture was performed using a spinner (QB-228, Kylin-Bell lab Instrument Co., Ltd, Haimen) until the nitrate and nitrite were depleted.
3. Isotope addition
1) The solution before adding the stable isotope solution is aerated to be saturated by nitrogen, and then the sample is treated as follows:
a) adding only15N-NH4+To demonstrate depletion of nitrate and nitrite in the sample;
b) with simultaneous addition of15N-NH4+And14N-NO3-to demonstrate the occurrence of anammox reactions;
c) adding only15N-NO3-Fitting N produced by anammox reaction2Curves, triplicates per treatment;
2) when a sample is added, a needle head is slightly inserted into the tube until a small amount of solution flows out, then a 1mL syringe with a slightly longer needle head is used for injecting isotope solution with a corresponding volume, and the needle head of the syringe is completely inserted into the tube at the moment to ensure that the isotope is completely added; after the isotope solution is added, the needle head is pulled out at the same time, so that no loss of the isotope solution is ensured;
the isotope sample adding sequence is that the sample with longer culture time is added firstly, and the sample with shorter culture time is added finally, so that less time error is facilitated;
3) after completion of the culture, the reaction was terminated by adding 200. mu.L of 7M zinc chloride, and at this time, the isotope concentration was 12mM, the volume of the mixture was 100. mu.L, and the final isotope concentration in the column tube was about 100. mu.M.
4. Sample transfer and assay
The step needs to be finished in an anaerobic incubator, before sample measurement, 2mL of solution of each treatment reaction termination solution is extracted into a 12mL new columnar culture tube filled with helium in advance by using a 5mL injector, and 2mL of gas (helium) is extracted to maintain the air pressure balance; before measurement, the mixture is vigorously shaken for 1min to ensure that nitrogen is fully released;
5. preparation of Standard Curve
Column 12mL was filled with air-saturated distilled waterIn the tubular culture tube, 2mL of distilled water was drawn up by a syringe into a 12mL tube filled with helium, which was conducted in an anaerobic incubator filled with helium. After the air pressure is balanced, 0, 30, 60 and 100 mu L of air with different volumes is respectively added by a micro-injection instrument, and the air in the atmosphere is prepared according to the peak area28N2，29N2，30N2A standard curve of (a); FIG. 1 shows the amount of nitrogen A produced per unit soil on the horizontal axis of anaerobic culture timetotalAnd taking the longitudinal axis as the axis of ordinates to obtain a linear equation, wherein the slope of the equation is the anaerobic ammonia oxidation speed.
6. Stable isotope mass spectrometer determination
The gas was analyzed by stable isotope mass spectrometry (MAT253, Gasbench II, autosampler GC-PAL, Bremen, Thermo Electron Corporation, Finnigan, Germany).
Atotal＝A29+A30
A28＝Atotal×(1-FN)
A29＝Atotal×FN
Dtotal＝P30×FN -2
Figure BDA0002895408740000081
In the formula, AtotalTotal amount of nitrogen produced for anammox: (29N2，30N2)，DtotalNitrogen gas, P, produced for denitrification30Is composed of30N2Production Rate (nmol g)-1h-1)，FNTo add15N-NO3-In15Abundance of N, A29、A30Respectively produced by anammox29N2、30N2Content, Ra% is the percentage of nitrogen produced by anammox.
After the determination, the nitrogen loss caused by the comparative examples 1 to 2 and the example 1 is 14.3% a, 10.2% b and 4.7% c, respectively (a, b, c show significant difference at the level of 0.05, according to the LSD data analysis), and thus it is understood that the soil conditioner of the present invention can greatly reduce the nitrogen loss caused by anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the soil.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following components:
50-120 parts of edible fungus residues;
50-150 parts of straw;
10-20 parts of wormcast;
1-3 parts of EM bacteria.
2. A soil amendment according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following components:
60-110 parts of edible fungus residues;
70-140 parts of straw;
15-20 parts of wormcast;
2-3 parts of EM (effective microorganisms).
3. A soil amendment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the straw is selected from one or more of corn stover, rice straw, wheat straw and barley straw.
4. A soil amendment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the edible fungus residue is selected from one or more of lentinus edodes, straw mushroom, agaric and tremella.
5. A process for the preparation of a soil amendment according to any of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) mixing the components according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture;
2) and fermenting the mixture, and stacking the fermented product after the fermented product is cooled to room temperature to obtain the soil conditioner.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the temperature of the fermentation is 35 ℃.
7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the stacking time is 14 d.
8. A method of soil improvement, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
1) irrigating the soil, and introducing oxygen into the irrigated soil after ploughing;
2) mixing the oxygen-introduced soil with a soil conditioner to obtain improved soil;
wherein the soil conditioner is the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
9. The soil improvement method according to claim 8, wherein in step 1), the irrigation water amount is 2mm and the irrigation is continued for 7 d.
10. The soil improvement method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein in the step 1), the thickness of the plowed soil is 20cm or less, and the amount of the introduced oxygen is 1.3m3/(667hm2) And oxygen was continuously fed for 3 hours.
CN202110039967.0A 2021-01-13 2021-01-13 Soil conditioner, preparation method thereof and soil conditioning method Pending CN112830855A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102766000A (en) * 2012-07-28 2012-11-07 聊城大学 Compound biological soil improver and preparation method of compound biological soil improver
CN105670642A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-06-15 广西生物之源环保科技有限公司 Saline alkali soil improver and preparation method thereof
CN111348972A (en) * 2020-03-04 2020-06-30 福建农林大学 Organic material for improving facility soil

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102766000A (en) * 2012-07-28 2012-11-07 聊城大学 Compound biological soil improver and preparation method of compound biological soil improver
CN105670642A (en) * 2016-03-07 2016-06-15 广西生物之源环保科技有限公司 Saline alkali soil improver and preparation method thereof
CN111348972A (en) * 2020-03-04 2020-06-30 福建农林大学 Organic material for improving facility soil

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