CN112830837A - Selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112830837A CN112830837A CN202110208314.0A CN202110208314A CN112830837A CN 112830837 A CN112830837 A CN 112830837A CN 202110208314 A CN202110208314 A CN 202110208314A CN 112830837 A CN112830837 A CN 112830837A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of organic fertilizers, and provides a selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of livestock manure, 50-90 parts of seaweed residues, 30-50 parts of compound fertilizer, 6-10 parts of selenomethionine, 2-6 parts of compound microbial fermentation inoculant, 1-5 parts of conditioner and 100-120 parts of water. The invention also provides a preparation method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting, which takes selenomethionine as a selenium source, obviously improves the selenium content of soil, and effectively improves the absorption and utilization rate of the root system of fruit trees to selenium element; the compound microbial fermentation inoculant forms a compound microbial flora by mutual synergistic proliferation, can rapidly decompose organic matters, metabolize antioxidant substances, inhibit the growth and propagation of harmful microorganisms, simultaneously generate a large amount of beneficial active factors, and complex selenium to form an organic selenium complex, so that the efficient absorption of selenium elements by fruit trees is promoted, and the yield and the quality of the fruit trees are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In agricultural production activities, chemical fertilizers are widely applied for a long time, and although the yield increase of agricultural production is ensured in successive years, soil organic matters are excessively consumed, the granular structure of soil is damaged, soil is acidized and hardened, the air permeability and water holding capacity of the soil are reduced, the microbial flora of the soil is unbalanced, and the soil ecology and the water resource environment are deteriorated; in addition, the long-term application of a large amount of chemical fertilizer also causes the absorption and utilization rate of the chemical fertilizer by crops to be reduced, so that the quality of crop products is reduced year by year. In order to get rid of the transitional dependence on chemical fertilizers in the agricultural planting process, people have renewed strong interest in organic fertilizers.
Selenium is a rare trace element, and in the earth's crust, the content of selenium is only one part per billion. Since the discovery of selenium, the awareness of selenium has undergone a change over the world. Selenium is a multifunctional life nutrient, can remove free radicals, resist oxidation, strongly inhibit the generation of peroxidation, enhance immunologic function, protect biological cell membrane, enhance prostate regulation function, prevent blood clots, and remove cholesterol, has the same function as insulin, can obviously promote the sugar uptake capacity of cells and blood circulation, prevent skin aging, reduce the carcinogenicity of carcinogenic substances, eliminate cancer cells mutated in vivo, prevent division and growth of cancer cells, and the like.
In fruit tree planting, the selenium-rich organic fertilizer is applied to increase the selenium content in soil, facilitate the selenium absorption of crops, stimulate the germination and rooting of crops, promote the growth of crops, improve the quality of crops and produce selenium-rich agricultural products, and on the other hand, the selenium-rich organic fertilizer can increase the organic matter content of soil, increase the number of soil microbial floras, improve the physical performance of soil, optimize the microbial ecological environment of soil and reduce the pollution degree of pesticides and chemical fertilizers to agricultural products. The existing selenium-rich organic fertilizer mainly contains a selenium component which is an inorganic substance sodium selenite, and the fruit trees need to be subjected to biotransformation in the absorption process, so that partial loss of selenium element is easily caused, the bioavailability is low, and the normal growth of the fruit trees is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting fruit trees, and aims to take selenomethionine as a selenium source, obviously improve the selenium content of soil, improve the soil quality, directly convert and absorb the selenomethionine by fruit trees, and effectively improve the absorption and utilization rate of the root systems of the fruit trees to selenium element; the compound microbial fermentation inoculant forms a compound microbial flora by means of mutual synergistic proliferation, can rapidly decompose organic matters, metabolize antioxidant substances, inhibit growth and propagation of harmful microorganisms, simultaneously generate a large number of beneficial active factors, and complex selenium to form an organic selenium complex so as to promote efficient absorption of selenium elements by fruit trees; the compound fertilizer and the secondary fermentation product are matched, so that the growth of the root system of the fruit tree is effectively stimulated, the absorption of the root system to the selenium element is promoted, and the compound fertilizer is used as a carrier of the selenium element, so that the loss of the selenium element is effectively avoided, thereby providing sufficient nutrient sources for the root system of the fruit tree and improving the yield and the quality of the fruit tree.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80-100 parts of livestock manure, 50-90 parts of seaweed residues, 30-50 parts of compound fertilizer, 6-10 parts of selenomethionine, 2-6 parts of compound microbial fermentation inoculant, 1-5 parts of conditioner and 100-120 parts of water.
Further, the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2: 1.
Further, the conditioning agent is sodium tripolyphosphate.
Further, the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is prepared by mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2: 3.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting, which comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the livestock manure, the seaweed residues and water in parts by weight, and then adding the mixture into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment to obtain a sterilized mixture;
2) adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding a compound microbial fermentation inoculant, and fermenting for 6-8 days to obtain a primary fermentation product;
3) adding selenomethionine and a conditioner into the primary fermentation product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 18-24 hours to obtain a secondary fermentation product;
4) and adding the secondary fermentation product into the compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Further, the steam pressure of the high-pressure steam sterilization container in the step 1) is 100-200 kPa.
Further, the fermentation temperature in the step 2) is 37-40 ℃.
Further, the grain size of the granules in the step 4) is 5-10 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, selenomethionine is used as a selenium source, so that the selenium content of soil is obviously increased, the soil quality is improved, the selenomethionine can be directly converted and absorbed by fruit trees, and the absorption and utilization rate of the root system of the fruit trees to selenium element is effectively improved; the compound microbial fermentation inoculant forms a compound microbial flora by means of mutual synergistic proliferation, can rapidly decompose organic matters, metabolize antioxidant substances, inhibit growth and propagation of harmful microorganisms, simultaneously generate a large number of beneficial active factors, and complex selenium to form an organic selenium complex so as to promote efficient absorption of selenium elements by fruit trees; the compound fertilizer and the secondary fermentation product are matched, so that the growth of the root system of the fruit tree is effectively stimulated, the absorption of the root system to the selenium element is promoted, and the compound fertilizer is used as a carrier of the selenium element, so that the loss of the selenium element is effectively avoided, thereby providing sufficient nutrient sources for the root system of the fruit tree and improving the yield and the quality of the fruit tree.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The selenomethionine is used as a selenium source, so that the selenium content of the soil is obviously improved, the soil quality is improved, the selenomethionine can be directly converted and absorbed by the fruit trees, and the absorption and utilization rate of the root systems of the fruit trees to selenium elements is effectively improved;
the compound microbial fermentation inoculant forms a compound microbial flora by means of mutual synergistic proliferation, can rapidly decompose organic matters, metabolize antioxidant substances, inhibit growth and propagation of harmful microorganisms, simultaneously generate a large number of beneficial active factors, and complex selenium to form an organic selenium complex so as to promote efficient absorption of selenium elements by fruit trees;
the compound fertilizer and the secondary fermentation product are matched, so that the growth of the root system of the fruit tree is effectively stimulated, the absorption of the root system to the selenium element is promoted, and the compound fertilizer is used as a carrier of the selenium element, so that the loss of the selenium element is effectively avoided, thereby providing sufficient nutrient sources for the root system of the fruit tree and improving the yield and the quality of the fruit tree.
Specifically, the invention provides a selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80-100 parts of livestock manure, 50-90 parts of seaweed residues, 30-50 parts of compound fertilizer, 6-10 parts of selenomethionine, 2-6 parts of compound microbial fermentation inoculant, 1-5 parts of conditioner and 100-120 parts of water.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2: 1.
Preferably, the conditioning agent is sodium tripolyphosphate.
Preferably, the compound microbial fermentation inoculant is prepared by mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2: 3.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting, which comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the livestock manure, the seaweed residues and water in parts by weight, and then adding the mixture into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment to obtain a sterilized mixture;
2) adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding a compound microbial fermentation inoculant, and fermenting for 6-8 days to obtain a primary fermentation product;
3) adding selenomethionine and a conditioner into the primary fermentation product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 18-24 hours to obtain a secondary fermentation product;
4) and adding the secondary fermentation product into the compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Preferably, the steam pressure of the high-pressure steam sterilization container in the step 1) is 100-200 kPa.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature in the step 2) is 37-40 ℃.
Preferably, the grain size of the granules in the step 4) is 5-10 mm.
The technical solution and the technical effect of the present invention will be further described by specific examples.
Example 1
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 2
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 3kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, fermenting for 8 days at 37 deg.C to obtain primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 3
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 4kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, fermenting for 8 days at 37 deg.C to obtain primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 4
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 5kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, fermenting for 8 days at 37 deg.C to obtain primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 5
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 6kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 6
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 7kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 7
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 8kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 8
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 9kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 9
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 10kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 10
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 4kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, fermenting for 8 days at 37 deg.C to obtain primary fermented product; adding 8kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 11
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 100kg of livestock manure, 90kg of seaweed residues and 120kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 4kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, fermenting for 8 days at 37 deg.C to obtain primary fermented product; adding 8kg of selenomethionine and 5kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 50kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 12
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 90kg of livestock manure, 70kg of seaweed residues and 110kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 4kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, fermenting for 8 days at 37 deg.C to obtain primary fermented product; adding 8kg of selenomethionine and 3kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 40kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 10mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 13
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the grain size of the granules is 9mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 14
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 8mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 15
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 7mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 16
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 6mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Example 17
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 5mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Control group
And (4) taking a common organic fertilizer sold in the market.
And (3) selecting 18 lands with consistent soil properties and uniform fertility as fruit tree planting lands, planting the fruit trees in the corresponding planting lands respectively, applying the organic fertilizers prepared in the embodiments 1-17 and the control group respectively, detecting the selenium content in the fruits after the fruits are ripe, and counting the fruit yield, wherein the selenium content is measured by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Numbering | Item of implementation | Selenium content (mg/kg) | Yield (kg) |
| 1 | Example 1 | 0.135 | 183 |
| 2 | Example 2 | 0.146 | 192 |
| 3 | Example 3 | 0.153 | 198 |
| 4 | Example 4 | 0.147 | 188 |
| 5 | Example 5 | 0.138 | 184 |
| 6 | Example 6 | 0.142 | 189 |
| 7 | Example 7 | 0.155 | 195 |
| 8 | Example 8 | 0.148 | 186 |
| 9 | Example 9 | 0.143 | 178 |
| 10 | Example 10 | 0.162 | 198 |
| 11 | Example 11 | 0.158 | 194 |
| 12 | Example 12 | 0.165 | 203 |
| 13 | Example 13 | 0.168 | 208 |
| 14 | Example 14 | 0.172 | 214 |
| 15 | Example 15 | 0.167 | 207 |
| 16 | Example 16 | 0.163 | 202 |
| 17 | Example 17 | 0.158 | 196 |
| 18 | Control group | 0.087 | 145 |
From the test results in the table above, compared with the common organic fertilizer, the selenium content and the yield of the planted fruit trees are greatly improved by applying the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the selenium content and the yield of the fruit trees are the highest and the service life is the longest by applying the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment 14; according to the embodiments 1-5, when the organic fertilizer with the amount of the compound microbial fermentation inoculant being 4kg is applied, the selenium content and the yield of fruit trees are the highest; according to the embodiments 1 and 6-10, when the organic fertilizer with the dosage of the selenomethionine of 8kg is applied, the selenium content and the yield of the fruit tree are the highest.
Further, the invention takes the preparation steps of example 14 as the basis, and carries out a single factor deletion comparison experiment on the composite microbial fermentation inoculant and selenomethionine, and the experiment result shows that different factors are deleted, and the finally prepared organic fertilizer causes the selenium content and the yield of fruit trees to have certain difference, specifically see the following comparative examples.
Comparative example 1
Uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 deg.C to obtain primary fermented product; adding 6kg of selenomethionine and 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermented product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24 hours to obtain a secondary fermented product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 8mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Comparative example 2
Mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2:3 to prepare a composite microbial fermentation inoculant for later use; uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 2kg of compound microorganism zymophyte agent, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented product; adding 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermentation product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24h to obtain a secondary fermentation product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 8mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Comparative example 3
Uniformly mixing 80kg of livestock manure, 50kg of seaweed residues and 100kg of water, and adding into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment, wherein the steam pressure is 200kPa, so as to obtain a sterilized mixture; adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, and fermenting for 8 days at 37 deg.C to obtain primary fermented product; adding 1kg of sodium tripolyphosphate into the primary fermentation product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 24h to obtain a secondary fermentation product; mixing a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and a boric fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2:1 to prepare a compound fertilizer for later use; and adding the secondary fermentation product into 30kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating, wherein the particle size of the granules is 8mm, and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
Selecting 3 lands with consistent soil characters and uniform fertility as fruit tree planting lands, respectively planting the fruit trees in the corresponding planting lands, respectively applying the organic fertilizers prepared in comparative examples 1-3, detecting the selenium content in the fruits after the fruits are mature, and counting the fruit yield, wherein the selenium content is measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Specific results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
From the comparison results of comparative examples 1 and 2 and example 12, the selenium content and the yield of fruit trees are reduced to a certain degree by applying the organic fertilizer without the composite microbial fermentation inoculant or selenomethionine.
As can be seen from the comparison result between the comparative example 3 and the example 12, the selenium content and the yield of the fruit trees are obviously reduced by applying the organic fertilizer which omits the compound microbial fermentation inoculant and the selenomethionine.
The combination of the comparative examples 1, 2 and 3 shows that the selenium content and the yield of fruit trees can be effectively improved by utilizing the synergistic effect of the composite microbial fermentation inoculant and the selenomethionine.
In general, the invention takes the selenomethionine as the selenium source, the selenium content of the soil is obviously improved, the soil quality is improved, the selenomethionine can be directly converted and absorbed by the fruit trees, and the absorption and utilization rate of the root system of the fruit trees to the selenium element is effectively improved; the compound microbial fermentation inoculant forms a compound microbial flora by means of mutual synergistic proliferation, can rapidly decompose organic matters, metabolize antioxidant substances, inhibit growth and propagation of harmful microorganisms, simultaneously generate a large number of beneficial active factors, and complex selenium to form an organic selenium complex so as to promote efficient absorption of selenium elements by fruit trees; the compound fertilizer and the secondary fermentation product are matched, so that the growth of the root system of the fruit tree is effectively stimulated, the absorption of the root system to the selenium element is promoted, and the compound fertilizer is used as a carrier of the selenium element, so that the loss of the selenium element is effectively avoided, thereby providing sufficient nutrient sources for the root system of the fruit tree and improving the yield and the quality of the fruit tree.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80-100 parts of livestock manure, 50-90 parts of seaweed residues, 30-50 parts of compound fertilizer, 6-10 parts of selenomethionine, 2-6 parts of compound microbial fermentation inoculant, 1-5 parts of conditioner and 100-120 parts of water.
2. The selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
85-95 parts of livestock manure, 60-70 parts of seaweed residues, 35-45 parts of compound fertilizer, 7-9 parts of selenomethionine, 3-5 parts of compound microbial fermentation inoculant, 2-4 parts of conditioner and 105-115 parts of water.
3. The selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
90 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 70 parts of seaweed residues, 40 parts of compound fertilizer, 8 parts of selenomethionine, 4 parts of compound microbial fermentation inoculant, 3 parts of conditioner and 110 parts of water.
4. The selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a boron fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2:1:2: 1.
5. The selenium-rich fruit tree planting organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conditioner is sodium tripolyphosphate.
6. The selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 1, wherein the compound microbial fermentation agent is prepared by mixing enterococcus faecalis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to a mass ratio of 2:1:2: 3.
7. A preparation method of the organic fertilizer rich in selenium for fruit tree planting according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing the livestock manure, the seaweed residues and water in parts by weight, and then adding the mixture into a high-pressure steam sterilization container for sterilization treatment to obtain a sterilized mixture;
2) adding the sterilized mixture into a fermentation tank, adding a compound microbial fermentation inoculant, and fermenting for 6-8 days to obtain a primary fermentation product;
3) adding selenomethionine and a conditioner into the primary fermentation product, uniformly stirring, and continuously fermenting for 18-24 hours to obtain a secondary fermentation product;
4) and adding the secondary fermentation product into the compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, drying, granulating and packaging to obtain the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees.
8. The method for preparing the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 7, wherein the steam pressure of the high-pressure steam sterilization container in the step 1) is 100-200 kPa.
9. The preparation method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 7, wherein the fermentation temperature in the step 2) is 37-40 ℃.
10. The preparation method of the selenium-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 7, wherein the granulation particle size in the step 4) is 5-10 mm.
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