CN112824844A - Large-scale high-speed rotation equipment assembly clamping force measuring device based on laser ultrasound - Google Patents
Large-scale high-speed rotation equipment assembly clamping force measuring device based on laser ultrasound Download PDFInfo
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- CN112824844A CN112824844A CN201911142274.3A CN201911142274A CN112824844A CN 112824844 A CN112824844 A CN 112824844A CN 201911142274 A CN201911142274 A CN 201911142274A CN 112824844 A CN112824844 A CN 112824844A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves
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Abstract
The invention provides a clamping force measuring device for assembling large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on laser ultrasound. The problems that the assembly fastening force of the aero-engine rotor in the prior art is difficult to measure directly, the traditional ultrasonic method is low in measurement efficiency and can corrode the surface of a rotor are solved, the assembly fastening force measuring device of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on laser ultrasound is provided, and the direct, high-efficiency and high-precision measurement of the assembly fastening force of the aero-engine rotor is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an assembly clamping force measuring method and device, in particular to a laser ultrasonic measuring method and device for an aircraft engine rotor assembly clamping force, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic measurement.
Background
The core engine system of the aircraft engine is formed by assembling multiple stages of rotors, and the assembling quality among the rotors at all stages has great influence on the performance of the aircraft engine. If the pretightening force of the bolt group is uneven, the bolt connection surface of the rotor is irregularly deformed, the coaxiality of the assembled rotor is easy to exceed the standard, and the unbalance exceeds the required value. After the engine works for a long time, the initial pretightening force of the bolt is reduced due to the creep phenomenon of the pretightening force of the bolt, the nonuniformity of the pretightening force of the bolt is amplified, the rigidity uniformity of the rotor is poor, the working performance of the rotor is greatly influenced when the rotor is subjected to axial load, the service life of the rotor is shortened, and the safety of the engine is reduced. Therefore, the assembly clamping force of the engine rotor is required to be precisely measured, and the assembly can be precisely carried out only if the measurement is precise.
The current commonly used bolt assembly clamping force measuring methods include a torque pulling method, a resistance strain gauge electrical measurement method, a photorefractive method and the like. The torque pulling method is used for indirectly controlling the pretightening force of the bolt through torque, so that the measured value has larger error; the electrical measurement method of the resistance strain gauge obtains the axial stress of the bolt by measuring the surface strain of the bolt, but the surface of the bolt generates certain shear deformation when the bolt is screwed down, so that the measurement result has deviation from the actual axial stress; the photorefractive method is only limited to laboratory conditions and cannot be widely applied to on-line measurement in engineering. The above-mentioned testing method is limited by various aspects such as measuring accuracy, installation condition and field environment, so that it is difficult to implement on-line measurement in engineering.
The ultrasonic bolt assembling clamping force measuring method obtains the axial stress of the bolt by measuring the change of the ultrasonic wave speed in the bolt so as to obtain the bolt assembling clamping force, and has the characteristics of no damage to a measured object, high measuring speed, high measuring precision and the like, so that domestic and foreign scholars carry out extensive research on the ultrasonic measuring method. The traditional ultrasonic technology mostly adopts a contact transducer, in order to ensure high sensitivity and reliability, various ultrasonic couplants are generally used, certain transit time is needed when ultrasonic waves pass through the couplants, interference harmonic waves can be generated, unstable factors are brought to measurement, extra workload can be added by using the couplants, the measurement efficiency is low, and certain corrosion and damage can be caused to the surface of a workpiece more seriously, so that the traditional ultrasonic method is limited in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring assembly clamping force of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on laser ultrasound, aiming at solving the problems that the assembly clamping force of an aircraft engine rotor in the prior art is difficult to directly measure, the traditional ultrasonic method has low measurement efficiency and can cause corrosion to the surface of a rotor, and the like, and the direct, high-efficiency and high-precision measurement of the assembly clamping force of the aircraft engine rotor is realized.
The invention provides a large-scale high-speed rotation equipment assembly clamping force measuring device based on laser ultrasound, which comprises a laser, a spectroscope, an attenuation sheet, a focusing lens, a first photoelectric detector, a data acquisition card, a bolt, a second photoelectric detector, a rotor assembly body, a clamp, a precision turntable, a turntable base and an industrial personal computer, wherein the laser is arranged on the laser; the precise rotary table is installed on the rotary table base, the rotor assembly body is installed on the precise rotary table through a clamp, a plurality of bolts are installed on a flange outside the rotor assembly body, the rotary table base is connected with an industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer controls the rotating angle and frequency of the precise rotary table, the industrial personal computer is also connected with a laser, the industrial personal computer also controls the laser to emit pulse laser, the industrial personal computer is connected with a data acquisition card, the data acquisition card is respectively connected with a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector, the second photoelectric detector is positioned above a tested bolt, a spectroscope is arranged in front of a laser emission light path, the pulse laser emitted by the laser is divided into two beams by the spectroscope, one beam of light penetrates through the spectroscope along a straight line to irradiate the center of the upper end face of the leftmost bolt, and ultrasonic waves are generated on the upper end face of the thermo, the ultrasonic wave is generated and then downwards transmitted along the axial direction of the bolt until the ultrasonic wave is transmitted to the lower end face of the bolt and then reflected, then the ultrasonic wave is upwards transmitted to the upper end face of the bolt along the axial direction of the bolt, the ultrasonic signal transmitted to the upper end face of the bolt is received by the second photoelectric detector and converted into an electric signal to be transmitted to the data acquisition card, the attenuation sheet, the focusing lens and the first photoelectric detector are sequentially arranged in the optical path direction of the other beam of light, the other beam of light is received by the first photoelectric detector through the focusing lens after being rebounded to penetrate through the attenuation sheet and converted into an electric signal to be transmitted into the data acquisition card to serve as the acquisition trigger of the ultrasonic signal, and.
Preferably, the industrial personal computer controls the time, pulse energy and repetition frequency of the laser emitted by the laser, the laser irradiates the spectroscope at an incident angle of 45 degrees, and one of the split lights of the spectroscope also irradiates the upper end face of the bolt at an incident angle of 45 degrees.
The device for measuring the assembly clamping force of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on the laser ultrasound has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the device for measuring the assembly clamping force of the large-scale high-speed rotary equipment based on laser ultrasound, the laser and the photoelectric detector are adopted to respectively realize the excitation and the reception of the ultrasound method, and a liquid coupling agent required in the traditional ultrasound method can be avoided, so that the corrosion and the pollution of the coupling agent to the surface of a bolt are eliminated, meanwhile, the excitation and the reception of the laser ultrasound are instantly completed, the rapid and real-time measurement can be realized, and the anti-interference capability is strong.
2. The laser ultrasound-based large-scale high-speed rotating equipment assembly clamping force measuring device disclosed by the invention adopts the precision rotating table to drive the rotor assembly body to rotate so as to realize the measurement of all bolts, has high automation degree and is beneficial to improving the measurement efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a clamping force measuring device for a large-scale high-speed rotating equipment assembly based on laser ultrasound;
in the figure: 1-a laser; 2-a spectroscope; 3-an attenuation sheet; 4-a focusing lens; 5-a first photoelectric detector; 6-a data acquisition card; 7-bolt; 8-a second photodetector; 9-a rotor assembly; 10-a clamp; 11-a precision turret; 12-a turntable base; and 13-an industrial personal computer.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
the first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is explained with reference to fig. 1. The device for measuring the assembly clamping force of the large-scale high-speed rotary equipment based on the laser ultrasound comprises a laser 1, a spectroscope 2, an attenuation sheet 3, a focusing lens 4, a first photoelectric detector 5, a data acquisition card 6, a plurality of bolts 7, a second photoelectric detector 8, a rotor assembly body 9, a clamp 10, a precise rotary table 11, a rotary table base 12 and an industrial personal computer 13;
a precise rotary table 11 is installed on the rotary table base 12, the rotor assembly body 9 is installed on the precise rotary table 11 through a clamp 10, a plurality of bolts 7 are installed on a flange outside the rotor assembly body 9, the rotary table base 12 is connected with an industrial personal computer 13, the industrial personal computer 13 controls the rotating angle and frequency of the precise rotary table 11, the industrial personal computer 13 is also connected with the laser 1, the industrial personal computer 13 controls the laser 1 to emit pulse laser, the industrial personal computer 13 is connected with a data acquisition card 6, the data acquisition card 6 is respectively connected with a first photoelectric detector 5 and a second photoelectric detector 8, the second photoelectric detector 8 is positioned above the tested bolt 7,
a spectroscope 2 is arranged in front of a light path of light emitted by the laser 1, pulse laser emitted by the laser 1 is divided into two beams by the spectroscope 2, wherein one beam of light penetrates through the spectroscope 2 to irradiate the center of the upper end face of a bolt 7, ultrasonic waves are generated on the upper end face of the bolt 7 due to thermoelastic effect, the ultrasonic waves are generated and then downwards transmitted along the axial direction of the bolt 7 until being transmitted to the lower end face of the bolt 7 for reflection, then are upwards transmitted to the upper end face of the bolt 7 along the axial direction of the bolt 7, ultrasonic signals transmitted to the upper end face of the bolt 7 are received by a second photoelectric detector 8 and converted into electric signals to be transmitted to a data acquisition card 6, an attenuation sheet 3, a focusing lens 4 and a first photoelectric detector 5 are sequentially arranged in the light path direction of the other beam of light, the other beam of light passes through the attenuation sheet 3 and then is received by the first photoelectric detector 5, and the data acquisition card 6 transmits the acquired signals to the industrial personal computer 13 for processing.
The industrial personal computer 13 controls the time, pulse energy and repetition frequency of the laser 1, the laser 1 irradiates the spectroscope 2 at an incident angle of 45 degrees, and one beam of light split by the spectroscope 2 irradiates the upper end face of the bolt 7 at an incident angle of 45 degrees.
The large-sized high-speed rotating equipment takes an object as an example, such as an aircraft engine or a gas turbine, and is specifically defined as rotating equipment with the size height of a measured piece larger than 3m, the diameter larger than 1.5m and the rotating speed larger than 1.5 ten thousand revolutions per minute.
The rotor assembly 9 is formed by assembling a plurality of stages of rotors, and the assembly formed by two stages of rotors is taken as an example in the invention. The flange is on the rotor, and is integrative with the rotor, and the rotor passes through the flange to be linked together, and bolt 7 is twisted on the flange, is installed with the round bolt on the flange.
The invention relates to a specific measuring method of a device for measuring the assembly clamping force of large-scale high-speed rotary equipment based on laser ultrasound, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing a rotor assembly 9 on a precision rotary table 11 and adjusting the position of the rotor assembly 9 to enable the rotor assembly 9 to be consistent with the rotation axis of the precision rotary table 11, and fixing the rotor assembly 9 through a clamp 10;
secondly, adjusting the positions and postures of the laser 1 and the spectroscope 2 to enable the laser emitted by the laser 1 to pass through the spectroscope 2 and irradiate the center of the upper end face of the bolt 7;
thirdly, adjusting the position and the posture of the second photoelectric detector 8 to enable the second photoelectric detector to receive the ultrasonic signal of the upper end face of the bolt 7;
fourthly, adjusting the positions and postures of the attenuation sheet 3, the focusing lens 4 and the first photoelectric detector 5 to enable the laser beams split by the spectroscope 2 to pass through the attenuation sheet 3 and the focusing lens 4 to be received by the first photoelectric detector 5;
fifthly, before all the bolts 7 are not fastened, the industrial personal computer 13 sends an instruction to the laser 1 to emit pulse laser, the pulse laser is divided into two beams by the spectroscope 2, one beam of the pulse laser passes through the attenuation sheet 3 and then is received by the first photoelectric detector 5 through the focusing lens 4 and is converted into an electric signal to be transmitted into the data acquisition card 6 to be used for acquisition triggering of an ultrasonic signal, the other beam of the pulse laser irradiates the center of the upper end face of the bolt 7, ultrasonic waves are generated on the upper end face of the bolt 7 due to the thermoelastic effect, the ultrasonic waves are generated and then downwards transmitted along the axial direction of the bolt 7 until being transmitted to the lower end face of the bolt 7 and then reflected, then the ultrasonic waves are upwards transmitted to the upper end face of the bolt 7 along the axial direction of the bolt 7, the ultrasonic signals transmitted to the upper end face of the bolt 7 are received, calculating a time difference Δ t0 between the reception of the trigger signal of the first photoelectric detector 5 and the reception of the ultrasonic signal of the second photoelectric detector 8;
sixthly, after all the bolts 7 are fastened, the industrial personal computer 13 sends an instruction to the laser 1 to emit pulse laser, the propagation route of the pulse laser and the generation and receiving process of the ultrasonic signal are the same as those in the fifth step, and the time difference delta t between the time when the trigger signal of the first photoelectric detector 5 is received and the time when the ultrasonic signal of the second photoelectric detector 8 is received is calculated1，
Seventhly, calculating the clamping force F of the bolt according to the propagation time difference of the ultrasonic waves before and after fastening and the stress coefficient of the bolt1；
Eighthly, the industrial personal computer 13 controls the precision rotary table 11 to rotate by a certain angle, the industrial personal computer 13 sends an instruction to the laser 1 to emit pulse laser after the rotation is finished, the propagation route of the pulse laser and the generation and receiving process of the ultrasonic signal are the same as the fifth step, and the time difference delta t between the time when the trigger signal of the first photoelectric detector 5 is received and the time when the ultrasonic signal of the second photoelectric detector 8 is received is calculated2；
A ninth step of determining a clamping force F of the bolt based on a propagation time difference of the ultrasonic wave before and after fastening and a stress coefficient of the bolt2；
And step ten, repeating the step nine until the rotor assembly 9 rotates for a circle, and completing the measurement of the clamping force of the n bolts.
The calculation formula of the bolt clamping force is that Fi is S multiplied by sigma i
Wherein S is the stress sectional area of the bolt, and σ i is the bolt fastening stress.
The calculation formula of the bolt fastening stress is
σi＝K×ΔTi
Where K is a coefficient relating to the geometrical dimensions and the type of material of the bolt, determined by calibration tests, Δ TiThe propagation time difference of the ultrasonic wave before and after the ith bolt is fastened.
The calculation formula of the propagation time difference of the ultrasonic waves before and after fastening is as follows
ΔTi＝Δti-Δt0
The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that the reasonable combination of the features described in the above-mentioned embodiments can be made, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A clamping force measuring device for assembling large-scale high-speed rotation equipment based on laser ultrasound is characterized by comprising a laser (1), a spectroscope (2), an attenuation sheet (3), a focusing lens (4), a first photoelectric detector (5), a data acquisition card (6), a plurality of bolts (7), a second photoelectric detector (8), a rotor assembly body (9), a clamp (10), a precision turntable (11), a turntable base (12) and an industrial personal computer (13);
the precise rotary table is characterized in that a precise rotary table (11) is installed on a rotary table base (12), a rotor assembly body (9) is installed on the precise rotary table (11) through a clamp (10), a plurality of bolts (7) are installed on a peripheral flange of the rotor assembly body (9), the rotary table base (12) is connected with an industrial personal computer (13), the industrial personal computer (13) controls the rotation angle and frequency of the precise rotary table (11), the industrial personal computer (13) is further connected with a laser (1), the industrial personal computer (13) controls the laser (1) to emit pulse laser, the industrial personal computer (13) is connected with a data acquisition card (6), the data acquisition card (6) is respectively connected with a first photoelectric detector (5) and a second photoelectric detector (8), and the second photoelectric detector (8) is located above a detected bolt (7),
a spectroscope (2) is arranged in front of a light path of light emitted by the laser (1), pulse laser emitted by the laser (1) is divided into two beams by the spectroscope (2), one beam of light penetrates through the spectroscope (2) and irradiates the center of the upper end face of the bolt (7) along a straight line, ultrasonic waves are generated on the upper end face of the bolt (7) due to thermoelastic effect, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted downwards along the axial direction of the bolt (7) after being generated until being transmitted to the lower end face of the bolt (7) and then reflected, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted upwards along the axial direction of the bolt (7) to the upper end face of the bolt (7), ultrasonic signals transmitted to the upper end face of the bolt (7) are received by a second photoelectric detector (8) and are converted into electric signals to be transmitted to a data acquisition card (6), and an attenuation sheet (3), a focusing lens (4) and a first photoelectric detector (, the other beam of light passes through the attenuation sheet (3), is received by the first photoelectric detector (5) through the focusing lens (4), is converted into an electric signal, and is transmitted into the data acquisition card (6) to be used as acquisition trigger of an ultrasonic signal, and the data acquisition card (6) transmits the acquired signal to the industrial personal computer (13) for processing.
2. The laser ultrasonic based large-scale high-speed slewing equipment assembly clamping force measuring device is characterized in that the industrial personal computer (13) controls the time, pulse energy and repetition frequency of laser emitted by the laser (1), the laser (1) irradiates the spectroscope (2) at an incidence angle of 45 degrees, and one of the beams of light split by the spectroscope (2) also irradiates the upper end face of the bolt (7) at an incidence angle of 45 degrees.
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| SU1687423A1 (en) * | 1989-05-03 | 1991-10-30 | Ленинградский Институт Машиностроения При Производственном Объединении Турбостроения "Ленинградский Металлический Завод" | Bolt tightening effort controlling method |
| JPH11216625A (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 1999-08-10 | Toshiba Corp | Hydraulic bolt fastening device |
| US6186010B1 (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 2001-02-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Bolt for ultrasonic axial tension measurement |
| CN106625398A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-05-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Assembling method and device of aero-engine rotor |
| WO2017203220A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Wheelsure Technologies Limited | Method and apparatus for measuring resonant frequency of an article and for monitoring tensile load in a bolt |
| CN206714746U (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-12-08 | 武汉光谷航天三江激光产业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of device for detecting odentoschim |
| US20170363491A1 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-21 | Optech Ventures Llc | System, device and method for measurement of fastener loading |
| CN110044281A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-23 | 安徽赛安安全设备有限责任公司 | Devices and methods therefor for the detection of fastener elasticity |
-
2019
- 2019-11-20 CN CN201911142274.3A patent/CN112824844B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1687423A1 (en) * | 1989-05-03 | 1991-10-30 | Ленинградский Институт Машиностроения При Производственном Объединении Турбостроения "Ленинградский Металлический Завод" | Bolt tightening effort controlling method |
| US6186010B1 (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 2001-02-13 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Bolt for ultrasonic axial tension measurement |
| JPH11216625A (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 1999-08-10 | Toshiba Corp | Hydraulic bolt fastening device |
| WO2017203220A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Wheelsure Technologies Limited | Method and apparatus for measuring resonant frequency of an article and for monitoring tensile load in a bolt |
| US20170363491A1 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-21 | Optech Ventures Llc | System, device and method for measurement of fastener loading |
| CN106625398A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-05-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Assembling method and device of aero-engine rotor |
| CN206714746U (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-12-08 | 武汉光谷航天三江激光产业技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of device for detecting odentoschim |
| CN110044281A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-23 | 安徽赛安安全设备有限责任公司 | Devices and methods therefor for the detection of fastener elasticity |
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