CN113125060A - Large-scale high-speed rotation equipment joint surface contact stress measuring method based on wave energy dissipation principle - Google Patents
Large-scale high-speed rotation equipment joint surface contact stress measuring method based on wave energy dissipation principle Download PDFInfo
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- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the contact stress of a joint surface of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on a wave energy dissipation principle, which is characterized in that pulse laser emitted by an Nd, YAG laser device is irradiated on the surface of a connecting flange of a rotor assembly body through a spectroscope and a lens; enabling the PIN silicon photodiode to receive the pulse laser from the spectroscope; enabling the Nd-YAG laser and the lens to be on the same axis; fixing the rotor assembly on a precise rotary table; YAG laser emits pulse laser, the data acquisition card converts the ultrasonic signal into digital signal and transmits the digital signal to the computer for storage, data processing and real-time display until the ultrasonic signals of all points on all the turning radii of the rotor assembly body are acquired; the distribution of the contact stress of the joint surface of the rotor assembly is obtained. The invention can avoid using the liquid coupling agent which is necessary in the traditional ultrasonic method, and the laser ultrasonic excitation and receiving are completed instantly, thereby realizing the rapid and real-time measurement of the contact stress of the joint surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring the contact stress of a joint surface of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on a wave energy dissipation principle, and belongs to the technical field of measurement.
Background
The large-scale high-speed rotary equipment such as an aircraft engine or a gas turbine has become a bottleneck problem in the manufacturing field of high-end equipment in China due to the characteristics of complex technology, high development difficulty and the like and European and American technical blockade. Large high-speed rotating equipment such as an aircraft engine or a gas turbine is assembled by multi-stage rotors, and the surfaces of the rotors which are in contact with each other are called joint surfaces. These microscopically rough contact surfaces no longer provide continuity to the system. The mechanical properties of the aircraft engine or gas turbine system are related to the rotor parts and the connection properties between the rotors, and the existence of the joint surface complicates the analysis and prediction of the performance of the aircraft engine or gas turbine system. The quality of the assembly between the rotors of the various stages has a very large influence on the performance of the aircraft engine or gas turbine. In the assembling process, if the non-uniformity of the contact stress exists on the rotor connecting interface, the deformation quantity generated by the aircraft engine or the gas turbine in a high-speed state has non-uniformity, the unbalance quantity of the rotor has large variation, and finally the aircraft engine or the gas turbine generates vibration during working. More than 90% of faults of the turbofan aircraft engine are caused by vibration, which is one of the sources of overhaul of the aircraft engine in China when the aircraft engine works for hundreds of hours. Therefore, the contact stress of the joint surface of the engine rotor is required to be precisely measured, and the assembly can be precisely carried out only if the measurement is precise.
At present, the contact stress is measured mainly by arranging a pressure-sensitive film or coating red powder on a rotor contact interface, the contact condition is judged by observing the change of the pressure-sensitive film or the red powder after assembly, and then the contact stress is calculated. The ultrasonic method can realize nondestructive measurement of the contact characteristic of the bonding surface under the condition of not changing the contact state of a workpiece, and the nominal contact area can be directly obtained by scanning the bonding surface by using the ultrasonic probe, so that domestic and foreign scholars carry out extensive research on the ultrasonic measurement method. In order to ensure high sensitivity and reliability, various ultrasonic coupling agents are generally used in the conventional ultrasonic technology, a certain transit time is required for ultrasonic waves to pass through mixture, interference harmonic waves are generated, unstable factors are brought to measurement, extra workload is added by using the coupling agents, measurement efficiency is low, and more seriously, certain corrosion and damage are caused to the surface of an aircraft engine or a gas turbine, so that the conventional ultrasonic method is limited in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring the joint surface contact stress of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on a wave energy dissipation principle, and aims to solve the problems that the joint surface contact stress of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment is difficult to directly measure, the traditional ultrasonic method is low in measurement efficiency and can corrode the surface of a measured piece and the like, and direct, high-efficiency and high-precision measurement of the joint surface contact stress of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment is realized.
The method for measuring the joint surface contact stress of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on the wave energy dissipation principle is applied to a device for measuring the contact stress of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on laser ultrasound, and comprises the following steps: the device comprises a Nd component, a YAG laser, a spectroscope, a lens, a rotor assembly body, a laser ultrasonic detector, a PIN silicon photodiode, a data acquisition card, a computer and a precision rotary table, wherein the rotor assembly body is located on the upper surface of the precision rotary table, the output end of the laser ultrasonic detector and the signal output end of the PIN silicon photodiode are connected with the signal input end of the computer through the data acquisition card, the signal output end of the computer is respectively connected with the signal input end of the Nd component, the signal input end of the YAG laser, the signal input end of the laser ultrasonic detector and the signal input end of the precision rotary table, the Nd component, the YAG laser, the spectroscope, the lens and the PIN silicon photodiode are arranged above an upper flange of the rotor assembly body, the laser ultrasonic detector is arranged below a lower flange of the rotor assembly body, and the Nd component, the YAG laser, the lens and the laser ultrasonic detector are always on the, the measuring method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the positions and postures of an Nd-YAG laser, a spectroscope and a lens to enable pulse laser emitted by the Nd-YAG laser to irradiate the surface of a connecting flange of a rotor assembly body through the spectroscope and the lens;
adjusting the position and the posture of the PIN silicon photodiode to enable the PIN silicon photodiode to receive pulse laser from the spectroscope;
adjusting the position and the posture of the laser ultrasonic detector to enable the laser ultrasonic detector and the Nd, YAG laser and lens to be on the same axis;
placing the rotor assembly body on a precision rotary table, adjusting the position of the rotor assembly body to enable the rotation axis of the rotor assembly body to be consistent with that of the precision rotary table, and fixing the rotor assembly body on the precision rotary table by adopting a clamp after the adjustment is finished;
a fifth step of sending an instruction by a computer to enable an Nd-YAG laser to emit pulse laser, wherein the pulse laser is divided into two beams by a spectroscope, one beam of the pulse laser is incident on a PIN silicon photodiode and converted into an electric signal to be transmitted to a data acquisition card to be used as acquisition trigger of an ultrasonic signal, the other beam of the pulse laser passes through a lens and then is focused on the upper surface of an upper flange of a rotor assembly body, ultrasonic waves are excited inside the upper flange, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted inside the upper flange and pass through a joint surface of the upper flange and a lower flange to reach the lower surface of the lower flange, an ultrasonic signal reaching the lower surface of the lower flange is received by a laser ultrasonic detector and transmitted to the data acquisition card, the data acquisition card converts the ultrasonic signal into a digital signal and then transmits the digital signal to1The acquisition is completed;
step six, selecting a direction, controlling the precision rotary table to adjust the angle to the selected direction by the computer, repeating the step five after the rotation is finished, and finishing the ultrasonic signal V of the second point2Obtaining;
step seven, the step six is repeatedly executed,completing the ultrasonic signal V on the radius of gyration until the rotor assembly body revolves for a circle1、V2......ViObtaining;
step eight, integrally translating the Nd, namely a YAG laser, a spectroscope, a lens, a laser ultrasonic detector and a PIN silicon photodiode under the premise of keeping the original posture and the relative positions of the laser ultrasonic detector and the PIN silicon photodiode unchanged to enable the laser ultrasonic detector and the PIN silicon photodiode to correspond to the other turning radius of the rotor assembly body;
step nine, repeating the step six to the step eight until the ultrasonic signals of all points on all the turning radiuses of the flange of the rotor assembly body are obtained;
step ten, according to the ultrasonic signal ViCalculating the energy value E of the signaliUsing the energy value EiAnd contact stress sigmaiThe distribution of the contact stress of the joint surface of the rotor assembly is obtained according to the corresponding relation between the rotor assembly and the rotor assembly.
Further, the energy value E of the signal is a discrete time domain [ t ]s，tf]The quadratic function of the internal ultrasonic signal V, namely:
wherein V is an ultrasonic signal received by the laser ultrasonic detector, fsIs the sampling frequency.
Further, in step ten, the energy value EiAnd contact stress sigmaiThe corresponding relation between the two is obtained by calibration, namely:
Ei＝Cσi(1)
wherein, C is ultrasonic signal energy value E obtained by experimental calibrationiAnd contact stress sigmaiCoefficient of the relationship between them.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) YAG laser and laser ultrasonic detector are adopted to respectively realize the excitation and the reception of the ultrasonic method, realize the non-contact nondestructive measurement of the contact stress of the joint surface, and can avoid the use of liquid coupling agent which is necessary in the traditional ultrasonic method, thereby eliminating the corrosion and the pollution of the coupling agent to the surface of the measured piece, simultaneously, the excitation and the reception of the laser ultrasonic are instantly completed, realizing the rapid and real-time measurement, and having stronger anti-interference capability.
(2) Adopt accurate revolving platform to drive the rotor assembly body and rotate and realize the multiple spot scanning measurement, degree of automation is high, is favorable to improving measurement of efficiency.
(3) The laser beam can be focused to a very small spot, thus improving the spatial resolution of the measurement of the contact stress of the joint surface of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a large-scale high-speed rotating equipment junction surface contact stress measuring device based on a wave energy dissipation principle.
YAG laser 1, spectroscope 2, lens 3, rotor assembly 4, laser ultrasonic detector 5, PIN silicon photodiode 6, data acquisition card 7, computer 8 and precise rotary table 9.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for measuring the joint surface contact stress of the large-sized high-speed rotating equipment based on the wave energy dissipation principle is implemented by applying the method to a device for measuring the contact stress of the large-sized high-speed rotating equipment based on laser ultrasound, and the device comprises: a YAG laser 1, a spectroscope 2, a lens 3, a rotor assembly 4, a laser ultrasonic detector 5, a PIN silicon photodiode 6, a data acquisition card 7, a computer 8 and a precision rotary table 9, wherein the rotor assembly 4 is positioned on the upper surface of the precision rotary table 9, the output end of the laser ultrasonic detector 5 and the signal output end of the PIN silicon photodiode 6 are connected with the signal input end of the computer 8 through the data acquisition card 7, the signal output end of the computer 8 is respectively connected with the signal input end of the Nd YAG laser 1, the signal input end of the laser ultrasonic detector 5 and the signal input end of the precision rotary table 9, the Nd, the YAG laser 1, the spectroscope 2, the lens 3 and the PIN silicon photodiode 6 are arranged above the upper flange of the rotor assembly 4, the laser ultrasonic detector 5 is arranged below the lower flange of the rotor assembly 4, the Nd, the YAG laser 1, the PIN silicon photodiode 6 and the rotor assembly 4 are, The lens 3 and the laser ultrasonic detector 5 are always positioned on the same axis, and the measuring method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the positions and postures of an Nd-YAG laser 1, a spectroscope 2 and a lens 3 to enable pulse laser emitted by the Nd-YAG laser 1 to irradiate the surface of a connecting flange of a rotor assembly 4 through the spectroscope 2 and the lens 3;
step two, adjusting the position and the posture of the PIN silicon photodiode 6 to enable the PIN silicon photodiode to receive the pulse laser from the spectroscope 2;
adjusting the position and the posture of the laser ultrasonic detector 5 to enable the laser ultrasonic detector 5 and the Nd, namely the YAG laser 1 and the lens 3 to be positioned on the same axis;
step four, placing the rotor assembly body 4 on a precision rotary table 9, adjusting the position of the rotor assembly body 4 to enable the rotation axis of the rotor assembly body 4 to be consistent with that of the precision rotary table 9, and fixing the rotor assembly body 4 on the precision rotary table 9 by adopting a clamp after the adjustment is finished;
fifthly, the computer 8 sends an instruction to enable the Nd-YAG laser 1 to emit pulse laser, the pulse laser is divided into two beams by the spectroscope 2, one beam of the pulse laser is incident on the PIN silicon photodiode 6 and converted into an electric signal to be transmitted to the data acquisition card 7 as acquisition trigger of an ultrasonic signal, the other beam of the pulse laser passes through the lens 3 and then is focused on the upper surface of the upper flange of the rotor assembly body 4, ultrasonic waves are excited inside the upper flange, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted inside the upper flange and pass through the joint surface of the upper flange and the lower flange to reach the lower surface of the lower flange, the ultrasonic signal reaching the lower surface of the lower flange is received by the laser ultrasonic detector 5 and transmitted to the data acquisition card 7, the data acquisition card 7 converts the ultrasonic signal into a digital signal and then transmits the digital signal to the computer 8 for storage1The acquisition is completed;
step six, selecting one direction, controlling the precision rotary table 9 to adjust the angle in the selected direction by the computer 8, repeating the step five after the rotation is finished, and finishing the ultrasonic signal V of the second point2Obtaining;
step seven, repeatedly executing the step six until the rotor assembly 4 rotates for a circle, and finishing the ultrasonic signal V on the rotation radius1、V2......ViObtaining;
step eight, integrally translating the Nd, namely the YAG laser 1, the spectroscope 2, the lens 3, the laser ultrasonic detector 5 and the PIN silicon photodiode 6 under the premise of keeping the original posture and the relative positions of the two unchanged, so that the two integrally translate to correspond to the other turning radius of the rotor assembly body 4;
step nine, repeating the step six to the step eight until the ultrasonic signals of all points on all the turning radiuses of the flange of the rotor assembly body 4 are obtained;
step ten, according to the ultrasonic signal ViCalculating the energy value E of the signaliUsing the energy value EiAnd contact stress sigmaiThe distribution of the contact stress of the joint surface of the rotor assembly 4 is obtained by the corresponding relationship between the rotor assembly and the rotor assembly.
In the preferred embodiment of this section, the energy value E of the signal is a discrete time domain [ t ]s，tf]The quadratic function of the internal ultrasonic signal V, namely:
wherein V is an ultrasonic signal received by the laser ultrasonic detector, fsIs the sampling frequency.
In the preferred embodiment of this section, in step ten, the energy value EiAnd contact stress sigmaiThe corresponding relation between the two is obtained by calibration, namely:
Ei＝Cσi (1)
wherein, C is ultrasonic signal energy value E obtained by experimental calibrationiAnd contact stress sigmaiCoefficient of the relationship between them.
The large-sized high-speed rotating equipment is a rotating equipment which takes an object as an example, such as an aircraft engine or a gas turbine, and is specifically defined as a rotating equipment with the size height of a measured piece larger than 3m, the diameter larger than 1.5m and the rotating speed larger than 1.5 ten thousand revolutions per minute.
Claims (3)
1. The method for measuring the joint surface contact stress of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on the wave energy dissipation principle is characterized in that the method is applied to a device for measuring the contact stress of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on laser ultrasound, and the device comprises: the device comprises a Nd, a YAG laser (1), a spectroscope (2), a lens (3), a rotor assembly body (4), a laser ultrasonic detector (5), a PIN silicon photodiode (6), a data acquisition card (7), a computer (8) and a precision rotary table (9), wherein the rotor assembly body (4) is located on the upper surface of the precision rotary table (9), the output end of the laser ultrasonic detector (5) and the signal output end of the PIN silicon photodiode (6) are connected with the signal input end of the computer (8) through the data acquisition card (7), the signal output end of the computer (8) is respectively connected with the signal input end of the Nd, the YAG laser (1), the signal input end of the laser ultrasonic detector (5) and the signal input end of the precision rotary table (9), and the Nd, the YAG laser (1), the spectroscope (2), the lens (3) and the PIN silicon photodiode (6) are arranged on the upper flange of the rotor assembly body (4) The measuring method comprises the following steps that a laser ultrasonic detector (5) is arranged below a lower flange of a rotor assembly body (4), the Nd is that a YAG laser (1), a lens (3) and the laser ultrasonic detector (5) are always positioned on the same axis, and the measuring method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the positions and postures of an Nd-YAG laser (1), a spectroscope (2) and a lens (3) to enable pulse laser emitted by the Nd-YAG laser (1) to irradiate the surface of a connecting flange of a rotor assembly body (4) through the spectroscope (2) and the lens (3);
step two, adjusting the position and the posture of the PIN silicon photodiode (6) to enable the PIN silicon photodiode to receive the pulse laser from the spectroscope (2);
adjusting the position and the posture of the laser ultrasonic detector (5) to enable the laser ultrasonic detector (5) to be positioned on the same axis with the Nd, namely the YAG laser (1) and the lens (3);
placing the rotor assembly body (4) on a precision rotary table (9), adjusting the position of the rotor assembly body (4) to enable the rotation axis of the rotor assembly body (4) to be consistent with that of the precision rotary table (9), and fixing the rotor assembly body (4) on the precision rotary table (9) by adopting a clamp after adjustment is finished;
fifthly, the computer (8) sends an instruction to enable the Nd, YAG laser (1) to emit pulse laser, the pulse laser is divided into two beams by the spectroscope (2), one beam of the pulse laser is incident to the PIN silicon photodiode (6) and then converted into an electric signal to be transmitted to the data acquisition card (7) as acquisition trigger of an ultrasonic signal, the other beam of the pulse laser passes through the lens (3) and then is focused on the upper surface of the upper flange of the rotor assembly body (4), ultrasonic waves are excited inside the upper flange, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted inside the upper flange and pass through the joint surface of the upper flange and the lower flange to reach the lower surface of the lower flange, the ultrasonic signal reaching the lower surface of the lower flange is received by the laser ultrasonic detector (5) and transmitted to the data acquisition card (7), the data acquisition card (7) converts the ultrasonic signal into a digital signal and then transmits the digital signal to the, ultrasonic signal V of a first point1The acquisition is completed;
step six, selecting one direction, controlling the precise rotary table (9) to adjust the angle to the selected direction by the computer (8), repeating the step five after the rotation is finished, and finishing the ultrasonic signal V of a second point2Obtaining;
step seven, the step six is repeatedly executed until the rotor assembly body (4) rotates for a circle, and the ultrasonic signal V on the rotation radius is completed1、V2......ViObtaining;
step eight, integrally translating the Nd, namely a YAG laser (1), a spectroscope (2), a lens (3), a laser ultrasonic detector (5) and a PIN silicon photodiode (6) on the premise of keeping the original posture and the relative positions of the laser ultrasonic detector and the PIN silicon photodiode unchanged, so that the laser ultrasonic detector and the PIN silicon photodiode correspond to the other turning radius of the rotor assembly body (4);
step nine, repeating the step six to the step eight until the ultrasonic signals of all points on all the turning radiuses of the flange of the rotor assembly body (4) are obtained;
step ten, according to the ultrasonic signal ViCalculating the energy value E of the signaliUsing the energy value EiAnd contact stress sigmaiThe distribution of the contact stress of the joint surface of the rotor assembly (4) is obtained according to the corresponding relation between the rotor assembly and the rotor assembly.
2. The method for measuring the joint surface contact stress of the large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on the wave energy dissipation principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the energy value E of the signal is a discrete time domain [ t [ ]s，tf]The quadratic function of the internal ultrasonic signal V, namely:
wherein V is an ultrasonic signal received by the laser ultrasonic detector (5), fsIs the sampling frequency.
3. The method for measuring the joint surface contact stress of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on the wave energy dissipation principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step ten, the energy value E is measurediAnd contact stress sigmaiThe corresponding relation between the two is obtained by calibration, namely:
Ei＝Cσi (1)
wherein, C is ultrasonic signal energy value E obtained by experimental calibrationiAnd contact stress sigmaiCoefficient of the relationship between them.
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