CN110376285B - Ultrasonic detection method and device for common thread tooth surface cracks of pull rod bolt - Google Patents
Ultrasonic detection method and device for common thread tooth surface cracks of pull rod bolt Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/46—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/056—Angular incidence, angular propagation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
- G01N2291/2696—Wheels, Gears, Bearings
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for ultrasonic detection of common thread tooth surface cracks of a pull rod bolt, wherein the device comprises an ultrasonic flaw detector, a small-angle transverse wave focusing probe and a reference block, and the method comprises the following steps: machining a reference block according to the material and specification of the pull rod bolt to be detected, and machining artificial cracks on the reference block; uniformly smearing a coupling agent on the coupling surface of the reference block, and connecting a small-angle transverse wave focusing probe with an ultrasonic flaw detector and placing the probe on the coupling surface; the probe is moved to enable the transverse wave sound beam to reflect on the thread tooth surface to generate a modified longitudinal wave, and the modified longitudinal wave is utilized to detect artificial cracks of the to-be-detected part of the thread tooth surface at the relative position; and carrying out ultrasonic detection on the pull rod bolt to be detected, and judging that the detection part of the pull rod bolt to be detected has cracks. The invention changes the incidence direction of ultrasonic wave through wave mode conversion, is beneficial to effectively covering the crack of the thread tooth surface, improves the detection sensitivity, and can effectively detect the small crack of the thread tooth surface which cannot be detected by the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultrasonic detection, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic detection method and device for a common thread tooth surface crack of a pull rod bolt.
Background
The torque in the operation process of the heavy gas turbine is mainly transmitted through the friction force of the compression surfaces between the wheel discs, the pull rod bolts are key components for compressing the shaft heads and the wheel discs at all levels into a whole in the heavy gas turbine, and the pull rod bolts must have enough pretightening force to ensure safe and reliable operation of the rotor. Meanwhile, the pull rod bolt also needs to bear the action of thermal load and centrifugal force in the operation process. Whether the pull rod bolt is safe directly influences the safe operation of heavy gas turbine unit.
The common ultrasonic detection method for the pull rod bolt mostly adopts a longitudinal wave straight probe, a small-angle longitudinal wave probe and a transverse wave oblique probe. The longitudinal wave straight probe detection method can effectively detect cracks of the thread bottom, but cannot detect the cracks of the tooth surface which do not develop beyond the thread bottom; the small-angle longitudinal wave probe and the transverse wave oblique probe overcome the defect that the longitudinal wave straight probe cannot detect the tooth surface cracks to a certain extent, but the tooth surface cracks with smaller size cannot be effectively detected. At present, an effective detection method for the minor cracks of the tooth surface of the thread does not exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic detection method and device for the common thread tooth surface cracks of a pull rod bolt, which can effectively detect the micro cracks of the tooth surface of the pull rod bolt, discover the weak links of the pull rod bolt in advance and ensure the safety of the pull rod bolt.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an ultrasonic detection device for common thread tooth surface cracks of a pull rod bolt comprises an ultrasonic flaw detector, a small-angle transverse wave focusing probe and a reference block; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe comprises a probe shell, a backing, a piezoelectric wafer, an acoustic impedance matching layer and a probe connector; the probe shell is provided with a hollow cavity with one end open, is used for packaging internal devices of the probe and is a framework of the probe; the acoustic impedance matching layer is arranged at the opening end of the probe shell, the backing is arranged in the probe shell and is attached to the acoustic impedance matching layer, and the piezoelectric wafer is inlaid between the acoustic impedance matching layer and the backing; the acoustic impedance matching layer enables the piezoelectric wafer and the coupling surface to form an included angle, so that ultrasonic waves emitted by the piezoelectric wafer are enabled to be obliquely incident to the interface between the acoustic impedance matching layer and a detected workpiece, and an acoustic beam with a preset angle is formed in the workpiece; the piezoelectric wafer is attached to the backing and used for converting electric energy into sound energy, ultrasonic waves are emitted through vibration of the piezoelectric wafer, and deformation generated by forced vibration of the piezoelectric wafer is converted into corresponding electric signals when the ultrasonic waves act on the piezoelectric wafer; the back lining is used for absorbing the ultrasonic wave emitted by the piezoelectric wafer backwards, reducing the ultrasonic pulse width and improving the longitudinal resolution; the probe connector is arranged at the outer side of one end of the probe shell opposite to the opening end, the electrode surface of the piezoelectric wafer is connected to the probe connector through a lead, and high-frequency pulse current is conducted in the working process;
the reference block comprises a thread section and a polished rod section which are connected together and integrally formed; wherein, the thread of the thread section is provided with artificial cracks, and the end face of the thread section, the end face of the polish rod section and the circumferential face of the polish rod section are all coupling faces of the ultrasonic probe;
during detection, the ultrasonic flaw detector is connected with a probe connector of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe through a probe connecting wire, and an acoustic impedance matching layer of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe is coupled with a coupling surface of the reference block through a coupling agent.
The invention is further improved in that the ultrasonic wave type emitted by the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe is transverse wave, modified longitudinal wave is generated by reflecting the tooth surface of the screw thread of the pull rod bolt, and the crack of the tooth surface of the screw thread of the pull rod bolt is detected by the reflected modified longitudinal wave.
The invention is further improved in that the refraction angle range of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe transverse wave is 1-3 degrees.
The invention further improves that the diameter of the focusing focus of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe is smaller than the distance between the thread teeth, and the focusing depth is consistent with the depth of the part to be detected.
The invention is further improved in that the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe is a contact focusing probe, and the coupling surface is arranged on the end surface of the threaded section of the pull rod bolt.
The invention is further improved in that the frequency of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe is 2.5 MHz-5 MHz.
The invention further improves that the viscosity of the couplant ensures the effective transmission of transverse waves, so that the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe can move back and forth on a coupling surface to realize stable coupling, and has good sound transmission performance and wetting performance.
The invention is further improved in that the artificial crack on the reference block is machined into the tooth undercut groove and the tooth face groove on the bolt thread surface at the same position as the tie bolt to be detected, and the groove depth and length are machined according to the minimum crack to be detected.
The ultrasonic detection method for the common thread tooth surface crack of the pull rod bolt is based on the ultrasonic detection device for the common thread tooth surface crack of the pull rod bolt, and comprises the following steps:
1) Machining a reference block according to the material and specification of the pull rod bolt to be detected, and machining artificial cracks on the reference block;
2) Uniformly coating a coupling agent on the coupling surface of the reference block, connecting a small-angle transverse wave focusing probe with the focusing depth range consistent with the depth of the part to be detected with an ultrasonic flaw detector, and placing the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe on the coupling surface to enable the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe to be well coupled;
3) Moving a small-angle transverse wave focusing probe to enable transverse wave sound beams to reflect on a thread tooth surface to generate modified longitudinal waves, detecting artificial cracks of a to-be-detected part of the thread tooth surface at the relative position by utilizing the modified longitudinal waves, enabling the amplitude of the artificial cracks to reach 80% of full screen as reference wave height, and taking the amplitude of the artificial cracks as detection sensitivity;
4) Carrying out ultrasonic detection on the pull rod bolt to be detected, and judging that the detection part has no crack if the echo wave height of the part to be detected does not exceed the reference wave height; if the echo wave height of the to-be-detected part exceeds the reference wave height, positioning the crack position of the tooth surface, and judging that the to-be-detected part of the pull rod bolt has cracks.
The invention is further improved in that the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe is used for ensuring that the end face formed by the incident sound beam and the front edge of the probe is vertical to the threads in the detection process;
the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe has higher requirement on the accuracy of forward and backward movement in the detection process, and corresponding distance measurement and probe clamps are configured;
marking the incidence point of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe, so that an operator can grasp the incidence position of the ultrasonic beam in real time;
the ultrasonic transverse wave emitted by the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe is an SV transverse wave capable of performing wave mode conversion on the tooth surface of the thread.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides an ultrasonic detection device for common thread tooth surface cracks of a pull rod bolt, which adopts a small-angle transverse wave focusing probe and utilizes the principle that transverse waves generate wave mode conversion on the thread tooth surface to generate longitudinal waves to enable the longitudinal waves to directly detect the thread tooth surface cracks. The mode can change the incidence angle of ultrasonic waves, so that the ultrasonic waves are incident from a direction which is more beneficial to detection, effective coverage and detection of cracks of the tooth surface of the thread are ensured, and small cracks of the tooth surface of the thread can be effectively detected.
According to the ultrasonic detection method for the common thread tooth surface cracks of the pull rod bolt, provided by the invention, SV transverse waves on the thread tooth surface of the pull rod bolt are changed into longitudinal waves, and the changed longitudinal waves after the change of angles are used for detecting the thread tooth surface cracks, so that the ultrasonic detection method has the advantage of high detection sensitivity, and small thread tooth surface cracks which cannot be detected by other technologies at present can be effectively detected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic detection device for cracks of a common thread tooth surface of a pull rod bolt.
Fig. 2 is an ultrasonic waveform of the ordinary thread of the pull rod bolt with the tooth surface crack.
Fig. 3 is an ultrasonic waveform of the ordinary thread of the stay bolt without tooth surface cracks.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the small angle transverse wave focusing probe of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a comparative block according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, the ultrasonic detection device for the tooth surface cracks of the common screw thread (with a tooth angle of 60 degrees) of the pull rod bolt provided by the invention comprises an ultrasonic flaw detector 1, a small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 and a reference block 3.
The small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 comprises a probe shell 201, a back lining 202, a piezoelectric wafer 203, an acoustic impedance matching layer 204 and a probe connector 205; the probe shell 201 is provided with a hollow cavity with one end open, is used for packaging internal devices of the probe and is a framework of the probe; the acoustic impedance matching layer 204 is arranged at the opening end of the probe shell 201, the backing 202 is arranged in the probe shell 201 and is attached to the acoustic impedance matching layer 204, and the piezoelectric wafer 203 is embedded between the acoustic impedance matching layer 204 and the backing 202; the acoustic impedance matching layer 204 enables the piezoelectric wafer 203 and the coupling surface to form an included angle, so that ultrasonic waves emitted by the piezoelectric wafer 203 are enabled to be obliquely incident to the interface between the acoustic impedance matching layer 204 and a detected workpiece, and an acoustic beam with a preset angle is formed in the workpiece; the piezoelectric wafer 203 is attached to the backing 202, and is used for converting electric energy into acoustic energy, transmitting ultrasonic waves through vibration of the piezoelectric wafer 203, and converting deformation generated by forced vibration of the piezoelectric wafer 203 into corresponding electric signals when the ultrasonic waves act on the piezoelectric wafer 203; the backing 202 is used for absorbing ultrasonic waves emitted by the piezoelectric wafer 203 backwards, reducing the ultrasonic pulse width and improving the longitudinal resolution; the probe connector 205 is disposed outside of the end of the probe housing 201 opposite the open end, and the electrode face 207 of the piezoelectric wafer 203 is connected to the probe connector 205 by a wire 206, through which a high-frequency pulse current is supplied during operation.
The reference block 3 comprises a threaded section 301 and a polished rod section 302 which are connected together and integrally formed; wherein, the thread 305 of the thread section 301 is provided with artificial cracks, and the thread section end face 308, the polish rod section end face 303 and the polish rod section circumferential face 304 are all coupling faces of the ultrasonic probe.
During detection, the ultrasonic flaw detector 1 is connected with the probe connector 205 of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 through a probe connecting wire, and the acoustic impedance matching layer 204 of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 is coupled with the coupling surface of the reference block 3 through a coupling agent.
The ultrasonic wave type emitted by the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 is transverse wave, modified longitudinal wave is generated by reflection on the tooth surface of the screw thread of the pull rod bolt, and the crack of the tooth surface of the screw thread of the pull rod bolt is detected by the reflected modified longitudinal wave.
The refraction angle range of the transverse wave of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 is 1-3 degrees.
The small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 focuses on the focus diameter (-6 dB) smaller than the thread tooth spacing, and the focusing depth is consistent with the depth of the part to be detected.
The small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 is a contact focusing probe, and the coupling surface is arranged on the end surface of the threaded section of the pull rod bolt.
The frequency of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 is 2.5 MHz-5 MHz.
The viscosity of the coupling agent ensures the effective transmission of transverse waves, so that the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 can move back and forth on a coupling surface to be stably coupled, and has good sound transmission performance and wettability.
The artificial crack on the reference block 3 is processed on the tooth undercut groove 306 and the tooth surface cutting groove 307 processed on the bolt thread surface at the same position of the pull rod bolt to be detected, and the cutting depth and length are processed according to the minimum crack to be detected.
Referring to fig. 1, the ultrasonic detection method for the common thread tooth surface crack of the pull rod bolt provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) Machining a reference block 3 according to the material and specification of the pull rod bolt to be detected, and machining artificial cracks on the reference block 3;
2) Uniformly coating a coupling agent on the coupling surface of the reference block 3, connecting the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 with the focusing depth range consistent with the depth of the part to be detected with the ultrasonic flaw detector 1, and placing the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe on the coupling surface to enable the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe to be well coupled;
3) Moving the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 to enable the transverse wave sound beam to reflect on the thread tooth surface to generate a modified longitudinal wave, detecting artificial cracks of the to-be-detected part of the thread tooth surface at the relative position by utilizing the modified longitudinal wave, enabling the amplitude of the artificial cracks to reach 80% of a full screen as a reference wave height, and taking the amplitude as detection sensitivity;
4) Carrying out ultrasonic detection on the pull rod bolt to be detected, and judging that the detection part has no crack if the echo wave height of the part to be detected does not exceed the reference wave height; if the echo wave height of the to-be-detected part exceeds the reference wave height, positioning the crack position of the tooth surface, and judging that the to-be-detected part of the pull rod bolt has cracks.
The small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 is used for ensuring that the end face formed by the incident sound beam and the front edge of the probe is perpendicular to the threads in the detection process; the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 has higher requirement on the accuracy of forward and backward movement in the detection process, and is provided with corresponding distance measurement and probe clamps; the incidence point of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 is marked, so that an operator can grasp the incidence position of the ultrasonic beam in real time. The ultrasonic transverse wave emitted by the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe 2 is an SV transverse wave which can be subjected to wave mode conversion on the tooth surface of the thread.
The invention is further described with reference to fig. 1:
the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe is connected with the ultrasonic flaw detector through a probe connecting wire, the ultrasonic flaw detector emits pulse current to excite SV transverse waves on a probe piezoelectric wafer, the SV transverse waves enter the bolt of the pull rod to be detected through a coupling agent, a reflection phenomenon occurs on the right tooth surface of the bolt thread, and reflected longitudinal waves (namely modified longitudinal waves) and reflected transverse waves are separated in the reflection process, and the SV transverse waves are incident at an angle of 30 degrees, so that the reflected transverse waves are very weak and can be ignored. The reflected longitudinal wave has strong energy, can propagate in the plane vertical to the axis of the pull rod bolt and is incident to the left tooth surface of the thread, so that the crack of the left tooth surface of the thread can be effectively detected.
The invention will be further described with reference to fig. 2 and 3:
when the reflected longitudinal wave is used for detecting the left tooth surface, if the tooth surface to be detected has no crack, the incidence angle of the reflected longitudinal wave on the tooth surface is about 30 degrees, at the moment, the reflected longitudinal wave energy returned along the original path is very weak, and only the mountain-shaped reflected wave of the probe SV transverse wave on the tooth surface on the right side of the thread is displayed on the display screen of the ultrasonic flaw detector, wherein the waveform is shown in figure 2. If the tooth surface to be detected has a crack, the reflected longitudinal wave is incident at an angle almost perpendicular to the crack surface, the reflectivity of the longitudinal wave is close to 100%, the reflected longitudinal wave returns along the original path, the wave mode conversion is carried out again on the right tooth surface to be converted into the SV transverse wave, and finally the SV transverse wave returns to the probe and is received, and the wave diagram is shown in figure 3.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same according to the content of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The ultrasonic detection method for the common thread tooth surface cracks of the pull rod bolt is characterized by being based on an ultrasonic detection device for the common thread tooth surface cracks of the pull rod bolt, and the ultrasonic detection device comprises an ultrasonic flaw detector (1), a small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) and a reference block (3); wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) comprises a probe shell (201), a back lining (202), a piezoelectric wafer (203), an acoustic impedance matching layer (204) and a probe connector (205); the probe shell (201) is provided with a hollow cavity with one end open, is used for packaging the internal devices of the probe and is a framework of the probe; the acoustic impedance matching layer (204) is arranged at the opening end of the probe shell (201), the backing (202) is arranged in the probe shell (201) and is attached to the acoustic impedance matching layer (204), and the piezoelectric wafer (203) is inlaid between the acoustic impedance matching layer (204) and the backing (202); the acoustic impedance matching layer (204) enables the piezoelectric wafer (203) and the coupling surface to form an included angle, so that ultrasonic waves emitted by the piezoelectric wafer (203) are enabled to be obliquely incident to the interface between the acoustic impedance matching layer (204) and a detected workpiece, and an acoustic beam with a preset angle is formed in the workpiece; the piezoelectric wafer (203) is attached to the back lining (202) and used for converting electric energy into acoustic energy, ultrasonic waves are emitted through vibration of the piezoelectric wafer (203), and when the ultrasonic waves act on the piezoelectric wafer (203), deformation generated by forced vibration of the piezoelectric wafer (203) is converted into corresponding electric signals; the back lining (202) is used for absorbing the ultrasonic wave emitted by the piezoelectric wafer (203) backwards, reducing the ultrasonic pulse width and improving the longitudinal resolution; the probe connector (205) is arranged outside one end of the probe shell (201) opposite to the opening end, and an electrode surface (207) of the piezoelectric wafer (203) is connected to the probe connector (205) through a lead wire (206), and high-frequency pulse current is supplied in the working process;
the reference block (3) comprises a thread section (301) and a polished rod section (302) which are connected together and integrally formed; wherein, artificial cracks are arranged on the screw teeth (305) of the screw thread section (301), and the end surface (308) of the screw thread section is a coupling surface of the ultrasonic probe;
during detection, the ultrasonic flaw detector (1) is connected with a probe connector (205) of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) through a probe connecting wire, and an acoustic impedance matching layer (204) of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) is coupled with a coupling surface of the reference block (3) through a coupling agent;
the ultrasonic wave emitted by the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) is SV transverse wave, modified longitudinal waves are generated by reflection on the tooth surface of the screw thread of the pull rod bolt, and cracks on the tooth surface of the screw thread of the pull rod bolt are detected by the reflected modified longitudinal waves;
the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) is a contact type focusing probe;
the refraction angle range of the transverse wave of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) is 1-3 degrees;
the diameter of a focusing focus of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) is smaller than the distance between the thread teeth, and the focusing depth is consistent with the depth of a part to be detected;
the frequency of the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) is 2.5 MHz-5 MHz;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Machining a reference block (3) according to the material and specification of the pull rod bolt to be detected, and machining artificial cracks on the reference block (3);
2) Uniformly coating a coupling agent on the coupling surface of the reference block (3), connecting a small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) with the focusing depth range consistent with the depth of the part to be detected with an ultrasonic flaw detector (1) and placing the probe on the coupling surface to enable the probe to be well coupled;
3) Moving a small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) to enable a transverse wave sound beam to reflect on a thread tooth surface to generate a modified longitudinal wave, detecting an artificial crack of a to-be-detected part of the thread tooth surface at a relative position by using the modified longitudinal wave, enabling the amplitude of the artificial crack to reach 80% of a full screen as a reference wave height, and taking the amplitude as detection sensitivity;
4) Carrying out ultrasonic detection on the pull rod bolt to be detected, and judging that the detection part has no crack if the echo wave height of the part to be detected does not exceed the reference wave height; if the echo wave height of the to-be-detected part exceeds the reference wave height, positioning the crack position of the tooth surface, and judging that the to-be-detected part of the pull rod bolt has cracks.
2. The ultrasonic detection method for the common thread tooth surface cracks of the pull rod bolt is characterized in that the viscosity of the couplant ensures the effective transmission of transverse waves, so that the small-angle transverse wave focusing probe (2) can move back and forth on the coupling surface to realize stable coupling, and has good sound transmission performance and wettability.
3. The ultrasonic testing method for the common thread tooth surface cracks of the pull rod bolt according to claim 1, wherein the artificial cracks on the reference block (3) are tooth undercut grooves (306) and tooth surface grooving (307) processed on the bolt thread surface at the same position as the pull rod bolt to be tested, and the grooving depth and length are processed according to the minimum cracks to be tested.
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| CN201910769624.2A CN110376285B (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2019-08-20 | Ultrasonic detection method and device for common thread tooth surface cracks of pull rod bolt |
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| CN201910769624.2A CN110376285B (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2019-08-20 | Ultrasonic detection method and device for common thread tooth surface cracks of pull rod bolt |
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