CN112820746A - 无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管cmos图像传感器 - Google Patents

无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管cmos图像传感器 Download PDF

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CN112820746A
CN112820746A CN202011192190.3A CN202011192190A CN112820746A CN 112820746 A CN112820746 A CN 112820746A CN 202011192190 A CN202011192190 A CN 202011192190A CN 112820746 A CN112820746 A CN 112820746A
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徐江涛
张宇
聂凯明
高静
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Abstract

本发明属于图像传感器领域,为提出一种无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器,在不改变像素有源区掺杂和形貌的基础上,通过双电极在传输管栅极施加不同电压的时序配合,从而改变电荷传输路径的电势,实现电荷的快速转移读出和减少图像拖尾。为此,本发明采取的技术方案是,无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器,包括硅衬底、感光区的钳位光电二极管、具有双电极的电荷传输栅即传输管、电荷电压转化储存节点、复位管,钳位光电二级管的光电转化区处于传输管左侧,其光电转化区与传输管栅极下沟道直接连接,传输管右侧紧连电荷电压转化节点。本发明主要应用于图像传感器设计制造场合。

Description

无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器
技术领域
本发明属于图像传感器领域,具体涉及一种无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器。
背景技术
CMOS图像传感器凭借着低功耗,高灵敏度,大动态范围,高集成度等优点,逐渐取代 CCD图像传感器,并被广泛用于智能手机,医疗检查,安防监控,航空航天等领域。随着集成电路工艺水平的进步,高性能的CMOS图像传感器的需求急剧增长,但是随着CMOS图像传感器芯片工作频率的提高和像素阵列规模的增大,电荷传输通路上较慢的电荷转移速率和图像拖尾问题逐渐显现。传统的CMOS图像传感器是利用钳位光电二极管的光电转化原理把光子转化成电子,电子经过传输管下的电荷转移沟道转移到电荷电压转换节点积分成电压。由于工艺的波动性,为了实现电荷快速转移读出会在电荷传输沟道前方设计一个势阱,但是势阱会造成图像拖尾。如果将传输管的栅极做成双电极,通过双电极电压配合可以在不改变像素有源区掺杂与形貌的基础上,有效改变电荷传输沟道的电势实现电荷的快速转移读出同时减小图像拖尾。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足,本发明旨在提出一种无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器,在不改变像素有源区掺杂和形貌的基础上,通过双电极在传输管栅极施加不同电压的时序配合,从而改变电荷传输路径的电势,实现电荷的快速转移读出和减少图像拖尾。为此,本发明采取的技术方案是,无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器,包括硅衬底、感光区的钳位光电二极管、具有双电极的电荷传输栅即传输管、电荷电压转化储存节点、复位管,钳位光电二级管的光电转化区处于传输管左侧,其光电转化区与传输管栅极下沟道直接连接,传输管右侧紧连电荷电压转化节点。
工作过程为复位、曝光、电荷传输三个过程;
复位开始阶段复位管和传输管栅极同时接电源电压保持开启状态,光电转化区的电荷经电荷转移通路最终进入到复位管,复位结束阶段传输管和复位管的栅极依次接地,复位电压储存在电荷电压转化节点,传输管栅极先接地;
曝光阶段,复位管和传输管的栅极接地保持关断状态,钳位光电二极管的光电转化区经光电效应把输入光子转化成电子并储存,随着光电转化的进行该区域电势逐渐降低,这部分降低的电压就是光信号;
电荷传输阶段,光信号电荷经电荷转移通路到达电荷电压转化节点转化为光信号电压,传输管栅极左侧接脉冲电压其右侧接电源电压,其中脉冲电压的高电平略高于电源电压低电平略低于电源电压,复位管栅极接地保持关断状态,为了电荷的快速读出,在传输管栅下靠近钳位光电二极管的P型钳位层设计有一个小的电荷势阱,根据热电子发射理论可知这块势阱区的电势差变化较大因此正向电流较大,但是势阱中央的电子电势相对于势阱边缘的电势又相当于一个势垒,这样会减小后半段的发射电流,在保证电子转移沟道后半程电势平滑升高的基础上,利用传输管栅极左侧的电极施加脉冲电压,脉冲高电平相当于提高势阱深度,使得钳位光电二极管中的电荷更快地被抽取,当势阱快被电子填满的时刻,脉冲电压变化至低电平,相当于把势阱内电子电势降低,这样势阱中心的电子相对于势阱边缘的势垒被降低,电子顺利转移到后半段平滑的电荷转移沟道,从而实现电荷的快速读出,从而消除图像拖尾。
本发明的特点及有益效果是:
本发明提出的无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器能够不改变像素有源区掺杂特征的基础上,通过控制传输管栅极的电压实现电荷快速转移并消除图像拖尾。与传统的消除CMOS图像传感器拖尾方法相比操作灵活,易于实现。
附图说明:
图1.双电极型CMOS图像传感器像素有源区示意图。图中:
1和2组成传输管栅极
传输管开启时1施加脉冲电压2施加电源电压
3和4组成钳位光电二极管
3为表面P型钳位层4为光电转化区
5是电荷电压转化节点相当于复位管源极
6是衬底接地
7为复位管栅极
8是复位管漏极接电源电压
图2.图像拖尾产生原理示意图。
图3.工作时序图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出一种无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器,包括硅衬底,感光区的钳位光电二极管,具有双电极的电荷传输栅,电荷电压转化储存节点,复位管。钳位光电二级管的光电转化区处于传输管左侧,其光电转化区与传输管栅极下沟道直接连接,传输管右侧紧连电荷电压转化节点。上述结构构成了“光电转化区-传输管栅极下表面沟道-电荷电压转化节点”的电荷转移通路。
双电极型传输栅CMOS图像传感器的工作过程可以概述为复位、曝光、电荷传输三个过程。复位开始阶段复位管和传输管栅极同时接电源电压保持开启状态,光电转化区的电荷经电荷转移通路最终进入到复位管。复位结束阶段传输管和复位管的栅极依次接地,复位电压储存在电荷电压转化节点。传输管栅极先接地目的是降低器件的耦合电容从而得到更高复位电压。根据热电子发射理论可知电荷转移速率和电势差成正相关,从本文中电荷转移通路可知电荷转移速率与光电转化区和电荷电荷电压转化节点的电势差成正相关,所以这种复位时序可以得到更大的电荷转移速率。
曝光阶段,复位管和传输管的栅极接地保持关断状态,钳位光电二极管的光电转化区经光电效应把输入光子转化成电子并储存,随着光电转化的进行该区域电势逐渐降低,这部分降低的电压就是光信号。
电荷传输阶段,光信号电荷经电荷转移通路到达电荷电压转化节点转化为光信号电压。传输管栅极左侧接脉冲电压其右侧接电源电压,其中脉冲电压的高电平略高于电源电压低电平略低于电源电压,复位管栅极接地保持关断状态。为了电荷的快速读出,在工艺设计阶段已在传输管栅下靠近钳位光电二极管的P型钳位层设计了一个小的电荷势阱,根据热电子发射理论可知这块势阱区的电势差变化较大因此正向电流较大,但是势阱中央的电子电势相对于势阱边缘的电势又相当于一个势垒,这样会减小后半段的发射电流。在保证电子转移沟道后半程电势平滑升高的基础上,利用传输管栅极左侧的电极施加脉冲电压,脉冲高电平相当于提高势阱深度,使得钳位光电二极管中的电荷更快地被抽取,当势阱快被电子填满的时刻,脉冲电压变化至低电平,相当于把势阱内电子电势降低。这样势阱中心的电子相对于势阱边缘的势垒被降低,电子顺利转移到后半段平滑的电荷转移沟道,从而实现电荷的快速读出,从而消除图像拖尾。
本发明旨在现有的四管有源像素CMOS图像传感器基础上,在传输管栅极引入双电极,通过控制传输栅电压来调整电荷转移沟道电势分布实现电荷快速转移,消除图像拖尾。
一种无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器包括硅衬底;钳位光电二极管构成的感光区域;双电极型传输栅;电荷电压转化储存节点;复位管。传感器开始工作时,传输管上的双电极同时接电源电压此时电源向钳位二极管的空间电荷区抽取电荷,使其处于全耗尽状态。曝光阶段,由于可见光的波长对应的吸收深度恰好位于钳位光电二极管的空间电荷区,所以光子在此区域完成光电转化,随着光电转化的进行,电子存储在空间电荷区,电势逐渐降低直到某一值。曝光完成后,打开传输管此时左侧电极上的电压接脉冲电压这个脉冲的高电平部分与电源电压相等,低电压部分稍低于电源电压,右侧电极接电源电压,此数值可根据具体的工艺设计而定。
当左侧电极上处于脉冲高电平时,电荷从钳位光电二极管区转移到势阱区内部,当势阱内的存满电荷时,左侧电极转换成脉冲低电平,这时势阱逐渐消失,势阱内的电荷驱赶到右侧电荷转移沟道,右侧的电极保持电源电压保证右侧沟道的正常开启,这样电荷周而复始的快速转移。当电荷快完全转移时左侧的电极持续施加脉冲电压的低电平,保证势阱内没有残留的电荷,从而实现无图像拖尾。

Claims (2)

1.一种无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器,其特征是,包括硅衬底、感光区的钳位光电二极管、具有双电极的电荷传输栅即传输管、电荷电压转化储存节点、复位管,钳位光电二级管的光电转化区处于传输管左侧,其光电转化区与传输管栅极下沟道直接连接,传输管右侧紧连电荷电压转化节点。
2.如权利要求1所述的无图像拖尾的栅上双电极型传输管CMOS图像传感器,其特征是,工作过程为复位、曝光、电荷传输三个过程:
复位开始阶段复位管和传输管栅极同时接电源电压保持开启状态,光电转化区的电荷经电荷转移通路最终进入到复位管,复位结束阶段传输管和复位管的栅极依次接地,复位电压储存在电荷电压转化节点,传输管栅极先接地;
曝光阶段,复位管和传输管的栅极接地保持关断状态,钳位光电二极管的光电转化区经光电效应把输入光子转化成电子并储存,随着光电转化的进行该区域电势逐渐降低,这部分降低的电压就是光信号;
电荷传输阶段,光信号电荷经电荷转移通路到达电荷电压转化节点转化为光信号电压,传输管栅极左侧接脉冲电压其右侧接电源电压,其中脉冲电压的高电平略高于电源电压低电平略低于电源电压,复位管栅极接地保持关断状态,为了电荷的快速读出,在传输管栅下靠近钳位光电二极管的P型钳位层设计有一个小的电荷势阱,根据热电子发射理论可知这块势阱区的电势差变化较大因此正向电流较大,但是势阱中央的电子电势相对于势阱边缘的电势又相当于一个势垒,这样会减小后半段的发射电流,在保证电子转移沟道后半程电势平滑升高的基础上,利用传输管栅极左侧的电极施加脉冲电压,脉冲高电平相当于提高势阱深度,使得钳位光电二极管中的电荷更快地被抽取,当势阱快被电子填满的时刻,脉冲电压变化至低电平,相当于把势阱内电子电势降低,这样势阱中心的电子相对于势阱边缘的势垒被降低,电子顺利转移到后半段平滑的电荷转移沟道,从而实现电荷的快速读出,从而消除图像拖尾。
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